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docs/source/en/_toctree.yml
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title: Load community pipelines and components title: Load community pipelines and components
- local: using-diffusers/schedulers - local: using-diffusers/schedulers
title: Load schedulers and models title: Load schedulers and models
- local: using-diffusers/using_safetensors
title: Load safetensors
- local: using-diffusers/other-formats - local: using-diffusers/other-formats
title: Load different Stable Diffusion formats title: Model files and layouts
- local: using-diffusers/loading_adapters - local: using-diffusers/loading_adapters
title: Load adapters title: Load adapters
- local: using-diffusers/push_to_hub - local: using-diffusers/push_to_hub
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docs/source/en/using-diffusers/other-formats.md
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specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
--> -->
# Load different Stable Diffusion formats # Model files and layouts
[[open-in-colab]] [[open-in-colab]]
Stable Diffusion models are available in different formats depending on the framework they're trained and saved with, and where you download them from. Converting these formats for use in 🤗 Diffusers allows you to use all the features supported by the library, such as [using different schedulers](schedulers) for inference, [building your custom pipeline](write_own_pipeline), and a variety of techniques and methods for [optimizing inference speed](../optimization/opt_overview). Diffusion models are saved in various file types and organized in different layouts. Diffusers stores model weights as safetensors files in *Diffusers-multifolder* layout and it also supports loading files (like safetensors and ckpt files) from a *single-file* layout which is commonly used in the diffusion ecosystem.
<Tip> Each layout has its own benefits and use cases, and this guide will show you how to load the different files and layouts, and how to convert them.
We highly recommend using the `.safetensors` format because it is more secure than traditional pickled files which are vulnerable and can be exploited to execute any code on your machine (learn more in the [Load safetensors](using_safetensors) guide). ## Files
</Tip> PyTorch model weights are typically saved with Python's [pickle](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html) utility as ckpt or bin files. However, pickle is not secure and pickled files may contain malicious code that can be executed. This vulnerability is a serious concern given the popularity of model sharing. To address this security issue, the [Safetensors](https://hf.co/docs/safetensors) library was developed as a secure alternative to pickle, which saves models as safetensors files.
This guide will show you how to convert other Stable Diffusion formats to be compatible with 🤗 Diffusers. ### safetensors
## PyTorch .ckpt > [!TIP]
> Learn more about the design decisions and why safetensor files are preferred for saving and loading model weights in the [Safetensors audited as really safe and becoming the default](https://blog.eleuther.ai/safetensors-security-audit/) blog post.
The checkpoint - or `.ckpt` - format is commonly used to store and save models. The `.ckpt` file contains the entire model and is typically several GBs in size. While you can load and use a `.ckpt` file directly with the [`~StableDiffusionPipeline.from_single_file`] method, it is generally better to convert the `.ckpt` file to 🤗 Diffusers so both formats are available. [Safetensors](https://hf.co/docs/safetensors) is a safe and fast file format for securely storing and loading tensors. Safetensors restricts the header size to limit certain types of attacks, supports lazy loading (useful for distributed setups), and has generally faster loading speeds.
There are two options for converting a `.ckpt` file: use a Space to convert the checkpoint or convert the `.ckpt` file with a script. Make sure you have the [Safetensors](https://hf.co/docs/safetensors) library installed.
### Convert with a Space ```py
!pip install safetensors
```
The easiest and most convenient way to convert a `.ckpt` file is to use the [SD to Diffusers](https://huggingface.co/spaces/diffusers/sd-to-diffusers) Space. You can follow the instructions on the Space to convert the `.ckpt` file. Safetensors stores weights in a safetensors file. Diffusers loads safetensors files by default if they're available and the Safetensors library is installed. There are two ways safetensors files can be organized:
This approach works well for basic models, but it may struggle with more customized models. You'll know the Space failed if it returns an empty pull request or error. In this case, you can try converting the `.ckpt` file with a script. 1. Diffusers-multifolder layout: there may be several separate safetensors files, one for each pipeline component (text encoder, UNet, VAE), organized in subfolders (check out the [runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5](https://hf.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5/tree/main) repository as an example)
2. single-file layout: all the model weights may be saved in a single file (check out the [WarriorMama777/OrangeMixs](https://hf.co/WarriorMama777/OrangeMixs/tree/main/Models/AbyssOrangeMix) repository as an example)
### Convert with a script <hfoptions id="safetensors">
<hfoption id="multifolder">
🤗 Diffusers provides a [conversion script](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/blob/main/scripts/convert_original_stable_diffusion_to_diffusers.py) for converting `.ckpt` files. This approach is more reliable than the Space above. Use the [`~DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained`] method to load a model with safetensors files stored in multiple folders.
Before you start, make sure you have a local clone of 🤗 Diffusers to run the script and log in to your Hugging Face account so you can open pull requests and push your converted model to the Hub. ```py
from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
```bash pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
huggingface-cli login "runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5",
use_safetensors=True
)
``` ```
To use the script: </hfoption>
<hfoption id="single file">
1. Git clone the repository containing the `.ckpt` file you want to convert. For this example, let's convert this [TemporalNet](https://huggingface.co/CiaraRowles/TemporalNet) `.ckpt` file: Use the [`~loaders.FromSingleFileMixin.from_single_file`] method to load a model with all the weights stored in a single safetensors file.
```bash ```py
git lfs install from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline
git clone https://huggingface.co/CiaraRowles/TemporalNet
pipeline = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_single_file(
"https://huggingface.co/WarriorMama777/OrangeMixs/blob/main/Models/AbyssOrangeMix/AbyssOrangeMix.safetensors"
)
``` ```
2. Open a pull request on the repository where you're converting the checkpoint from: </hfoption>
</hfoptions>
```bash #### LoRA files
cd TemporalNet && git fetch origin refs/pr/13:pr/13
git checkout pr/13
```
3. There are several input arguments to configure in the conversion script, but the most important ones are: [LoRA](https://hf.co/docs/peft/conceptual_guides/adapter#low-rank-adaptation-lora) is a lightweight adapter that is fast and easy to train, making them especially popular for generating images in a certain way or style. These adapters are commonly stored in a safetensors file, and are widely popular on model sharing platforms like [civitai](https://civitai.com/).
- `checkpoint_path`: the path to the `.ckpt` file to convert. LoRAs are loaded into a base model with the [`~loaders.LoraLoaderMixin.load_lora_weights`] method.
- `original_config_file`: a YAML file defining the configuration of the original architecture. If you can't find this file, try searching for the YAML file in the GitHub repository where you found the `.ckpt` file.
- `dump_path`: the path to the converted model.
For example, you can take the `cldm_v15.yaml` file from the [ControlNet](https://github.com/lllyasviel/ControlNet/tree/main/models) repository because the TemporalNet model is a Stable Diffusion v1.5 and ControlNet model. ```py
from diffusers import StableDiffusionXLPipeline
import torch
4. Now you can run the script to convert the `.ckpt` file: # base model
pipeline = StableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained(
"Lykon/dreamshaper-xl-1-0", torch_dtype=torch.float16, variant="fp16"
).to("cuda")
```bash # download LoRA weights
python ../diffusers/scripts/convert_original_stable_diffusion_to_diffusers.py --checkpoint_path temporalnetv3.ckpt --original_config_file cldm_v15.yaml --dump_path ./ --controlnet !wget https://civitai.com/api/download/models/168776 -O blueprintify.safetensors
```
5. Once the conversion is done, upload your converted model and test out the resulting [pull request](https://huggingface.co/CiaraRowles/TemporalNet/discussions/13)! # load LoRA weights
pipeline.load_lora_weights(".", weight_name="blueprintify.safetensors")
prompt = "bl3uprint, a highly detailed blueprint of the empire state building, explaining how to build all parts, many txt, blueprint grid backdrop"
negative_prompt = "lowres, cropped, worst quality, low quality, normal quality, artifacts, signature, watermark, username, blurry, more than one bridge, bad architecture"
```bash image = pipeline(
git push origin pr/13:refs/pr/13 prompt=prompt,
negative_prompt=negative_prompt,
generator=torch.manual_seed(0),
).images[0]
image
``` ```
## Keras .pb or .h5 <div class="flex justify-center">
<img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/diffusers/blueprint-lora.png"/>
<Tip warning={true}> </div>
🧪 This is an experimental feature. Only Stable Diffusion v1 checkpoints are supported by the Convert KerasCV Space at the moment. ### ckpt
</Tip> > [!WARNING]
> Pickled files may be unsafe because they can be exploited to execute malicious code. It is recommended to use safetensors files instead where possible, or convert the weights to safetensors files.
[KerasCV](https://keras.io/keras_cv/) supports training for [Stable Diffusion](https://github.com/keras-team/keras-cv/blob/master/keras_cv/models/stable_diffusion) v1 and v2. However, it offers limited support for experimenting with Stable Diffusion models for inference and deployment whereas 🤗 Diffusers has a more complete set of features for this purpose, such as different [noise schedulers](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/using-diffusers/schedulers), [flash attention](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/optimization/xformers), and [other PyTorch's [torch.save](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.save.html) function uses Python's [pickle](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html) utility to serialize and save models. These files are saved as a ckpt file and they contain the entire model's weights.
optimization techniques](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/optimization/fp16).
The [Convert KerasCV](https://huggingface.co/spaces/sayakpaul/convert-kerascv-sd-diffusers) Space converts `.pb` or `.h5` files to PyTorch, and then wraps them in a [`StableDiffusionPipeline`] so it is ready for inference. The converted checkpoint is stored in a repository on the Hugging Face Hub. Use the [`~loaders.FromSingleFileMixin.from_single_file`] method to directly load a ckpt file.
For this example, let's convert the [`sayakpaul/textual-inversion-kerasio`](https://huggingface.co/sayakpaul/textual-inversion-kerasio/tree/main) checkpoint which was trained with Textual Inversion. It uses the special token `<my-funny-cat>` to personalize images with cats. ```py
from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline
The Convert KerasCV Space allows you to input the following: pipeline = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_single_file(
"https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5/blob/main/v1-5-pruned.ckpt"
)
```
* Your Hugging Face token. ## Storage layout
* Paths to download the UNet and text encoder weights from. Depending on how the model was trained, you don't necessarily need to provide the paths to both the UNet and text encoder. For example, Textual Inversion only requires the embeddings from the text encoder and a text-to-image model only requires the UNet weights.
* Placeholder token is only applicable for textual inversion models.
* The `output_repo_prefix` is the name of the repository where the converted model is stored.
Click the **Submit** button to automatically convert the KerasCV checkpoint! Once the checkpoint is successfully converted, you'll see a link to the new repository containing the converted checkpoint. Follow the link to the new repository, and you'll see the Convert KerasCV Space generated a model card with an inference widget to try out the converted model. There are two ways model files are organized, either in a Diffusers-multifolder layout or in a single-file layout. The Diffusers-multifolder layout is the default, and each component file (text encoder, UNet, VAE) is stored in a separate subfolder. Diffusers also supports loading models from a single-file layout where all the components are bundled together.
If you prefer to run inference with code, click on the **Use in Diffusers** button in the upper right corner of the model card to copy and paste the code snippet: ### Diffusers-multifolder
```py The Diffusers-multifolder layout is the default storage layout for Diffusers. Each component's (text encoder, UNet, VAE) weights are stored in a separate subfolder. The weights can be stored as safetensors or ckpt files.
from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained( <div class="flex flex-row gap-4">
"sayakpaul/textual-inversion-cat-kerascv_sd_diffusers_pipeline", use_safetensors=True <div class="flex-1">
) <img class="rounded-xl" src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/diffusers/multifolder-layout.png"/>
``` <figcaption class="mt-2 text-center text-sm text-gray-500">multifolder layout</figcaption>
</div>
<div class="flex-1">
<img class="rounded-xl" src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/diffusers/multifolder-unet.png"/>
<figcaption class="mt-2 text-center text-sm text-gray-500">UNet subfolder</figcaption>
</div>
</div>
Then, you can generate an image like: To load from Diffusers-multifolder layout, use the [`~DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained`] method.
```py ```py
from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained( pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
"sayakpaul/textual-inversion-cat-kerascv_sd_diffusers_pipeline", use_safetensors=True "stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0",
) torch_dtype=torch.float16,
pipeline.to("cuda") variant="fp16",
use_safetensors=True,
placeholder_token = "<my-funny-cat-token>" ).to("cuda")
prompt = f"two {placeholder_token} getting married, photorealistic, high quality"
image = pipeline(prompt, num_inference_steps=50).images[0]
``` ```
## A1111 LoRA files Benefits of using the Diffusers-multifolder layout include:
1. Faster to load each component file individually or in parallel.
2. Reduced memory usage because you only load the components you need. For example, models like [SDXL Turbo](https://hf.co/stabilityai/sdxl-turbo), [SDXL Lightning](https://hf.co/ByteDance/SDXL-Lightning), and [Hyper-SD](https://hf.co/ByteDance/Hyper-SD) have the same components except for the UNet. You can reuse their shared components with the [`~DiffusionPipeline.from_pipe`] method without consuming any additional memory (take a look at the [Reuse a pipeline](./loading#reuse-a-pipeline) guide) and only load the UNet. This way, you don't need to download redundant components and unnecessarily use more memory.
```py
import torch
from diffusers import StableDiffusionXLPipeline, UNet2DConditionModel, EulerDiscreteScheduler
# download one model
sdxl_pipeline = StableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained(
"stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0",
torch_dtype=torch.float16,
variant="fp16",
use_safetensors=True,
).to("cuda")
# switch UNet for another model
unet = UNet2DConditionModel.from_pretrained(
"stabilityai/sdxl-turbo",
subfolder="unet",
torch_dtype=torch.float16,
variant="fp16",
use_safetensors=True
)
# reuse all the same components in new model except for the UNet
turbo_pipeline = StableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pipe(
sdxl_pipeline, unet=unet,
).to("cuda")
turbo_pipeline.scheduler = EulerDiscreteScheduler.from_config(
turbo_pipeline.scheduler.config,
timestep+spacing="trailing"
)
image = turbo_pipeline(
"an astronaut riding a unicorn on mars",
num_inference_steps=1,
guidance_scale=0.0,
).images[0]
image
```
3. Reduced storage requirements because if a component, such as the SDXL [VAE](https://hf.co/madebyollin/sdxl-vae-fp16-fix), is shared across multiple models, you only need to download and store a single copy of it instead of downloading and storing it multiple times. For 10 SDXL models, this can save ~3.5GB of storage. The storage savings is even greater for newer models like PixArt Sigma, where the [text encoder](https://hf.co/PixArt-alpha/PixArt-Sigma-XL-2-1024-MS/tree/main/text_encoder) alone is ~19GB!
4. Flexibility to replace a component in the model with a newer or better version.
```py
from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline, AutoencoderKL
vae = AutoencoderKL.from_pretrained("madebyollin/sdxl-vae-fp16-fix", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True)
pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
"stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0",
vae=vae,
torch_dtype=torch.float16,
variant="fp16",
use_safetensors=True,
).to("cuda")
```
5. More visibility and information about a model's components, which are stored in a [config.json](https://hf.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0/blob/main/unet/config.json) file in each component subfolder.
### Single-file
The single-file layout stores all the model weights in a single file. All the model components (text encoder, UNet, VAE) weights are kept together instead of separately in subfolders. This can be a safetensors or ckpt file.
[Automatic1111](https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui) (A1111) is a popular web UI for Stable Diffusion that supports model sharing platforms like [Civitai](https://civitai.com/). Models trained with the Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) technique are especially popular because they're fast to train and have a much smaller file size than a fully finetuned model. 🤗 Diffusers supports loading A1111 LoRA checkpoints with [`~loaders.LoraLoaderMixin.load_lora_weights`]: <div class="flex justify-center">
<img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/diffusers/single-file-layout.png"/>
</div>
To load from a single-file layout, use the [`~loaders.FromSingleFileMixin.from_single_file`] method.
```py ```py
from diffusers import StableDiffusionXLPipeline
import torch import torch
from diffusers import StableDiffusionXLPipeline
pipeline = StableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_pretrained( pipeline = StableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_single_file(
"Lykon/dreamshaper-xl-1-0", torch_dtype=torch.float16, variant="fp16" "https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0/blob/main/sd_xl_base_1.0.safetensors",
torch_dtype=torch.float16,
variant="fp16",
use_safetensors=True,
).to("cuda") ).to("cuda")
``` ```
Download a LoRA checkpoint from Civitai; this example uses the [Blueprintify SD XL 1.0](https://civitai.com/models/150986/blueprintify-sd-xl-10) checkpoint, but feel free to try out any LoRA checkpoint! Benefits of using a single-file layout include:
```py 1. Easy compatibility with diffusion interfaces such as [ComfyUI](https://github.com/comfyanonymous/ComfyUI) or [Automatic1111](https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui) which commonly use a single-file layout.
# uncomment to download the safetensor weights 2. Easier to manage (download and share) a single file.
#!wget https://civitai.com/api/download/models/168776 -O blueprintify.safetensors
```
Load the LoRA checkpoint into the pipeline with the [`~loaders.LoraLoaderMixin.load_lora_weights`] method: ## Convert layout and files
```py Diffusers provides many scripts and methods to convert storage layouts and file formats to enable broader support across the diffusion ecosystem.
pipeline.load_lora_weights(".", weight_name="blueprintify.safetensors")
Take a look at the [diffusers/scripts](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/tree/main/scripts) collection to find a script that fits your conversion needs.
> [!TIP]
> Scripts that have "`to_diffusers`" appended at the end mean they convert a model to the Diffusers-multifolder layout. Each script has their own specific set of arguments for configuring the conversion, so make sure you check what arguments are available!
For example, to convert a Stable Diffusion XL model stored in Diffusers-multifolder layout to a single-file layout, run the [convert_diffusers_to_original_sdxl.py](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/blob/main/scripts/convert_diffusers_to_original_sdxl.py) script. Provide the path to the model to convert, and the path to save the converted model to. You can optionally specify whether you want to save the model as a safetensors file and whether to save the model in half-precision.
```bash
python convert_diffusers_to_original_sdxl.py --model_path path/to/model/to/convert --checkpoint_path path/to/save/model/to --use_safetensors
``` ```
Now you can use the pipeline to generate images: You can also save a model to Diffusers-multifolder layout with the [`~DiffusionPipeline.save_pretrained`] method. This creates a directory for you if it doesn't already exist, and it also saves the files as a safetensors file by default.
```py ```py
prompt = "bl3uprint, a highly detailed blueprint of the empire state building, explaining how to build all parts, many txt, blueprint grid backdrop" from diffusers import StableDiffusionXLPipeline
negative_prompt = "lowres, cropped, worst quality, low quality, normal quality, artifacts, signature, watermark, username, blurry, more than one bridge, bad architecture"
image = pipeline( pipeline = StableDiffusionXLPipeline.from_single_file(
prompt=prompt, "https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0/blob/main/sd_xl_base_1.0.safetensors",
negative_prompt=negative_prompt, )
generator=torch.manual_seed(0), pipeline.save_pretrained()
).images[0]
image
``` ```
<div class="flex justify-center"> Lastly, there are also Spaces, such as [SD To Diffusers](https://hf.co/spaces/diffusers/sd-to-diffusers) and [SD-XL To Diffusers](https://hf.co/spaces/diffusers/sdxl-to-diffusers), that provide a more user-friendly interface for converting models to Diffusers-multifolder layout. This is the easiest and most convenient option for converting layouts, and it'll open a PR on your model repository with the converted files. However, this option is not as reliable as running a script, and the Space may fail for more complicated models.
<img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/diffusers/blueprint-lora.png"/>
</div>
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# Load safetensors
[[open-in-colab]]
[safetensors](https://github.com/huggingface/safetensors) is a safe and fast file format for storing and loading tensors. Typically, PyTorch model weights are saved or *pickled* into a `.bin` file with Python's [`pickle`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html) utility. However, `pickle` is not secure and pickled files may contain malicious code that can be executed. safetensors is a secure alternative to `pickle`, making it ideal for sharing model weights.
This guide will show you how you load `.safetensor` files, and how to convert Stable Diffusion model weights stored in other formats to `.safetensor`. Before you start, make sure you have safetensors installed:
```py
# uncomment to install the necessary libraries in Colab
#!pip install safetensors
```
If you look at the [`runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5`](https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5/tree/main) repository, you'll see weights inside the `text_encoder`, `unet` and `vae` subfolders are stored in the `.safetensors` format. By default, 🤗 Diffusers automatically loads these `.safetensors` files from their subfolders if they're available in the model repository.
For more explicit control, you can optionally set `use_safetensors=True` (if `safetensors` is not installed, you'll get an error message asking you to install it):
```py
from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", use_safetensors=True)
```
However, model weights are not necessarily stored in separate subfolders like in the example above. Sometimes, all the weights are stored in a single `.safetensors` file. In this case, if the weights are Stable Diffusion weights, you can load the file directly with the [`~diffusers.loaders.FromSingleFileMixin.from_single_file`] method:
```py
from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline
pipeline = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_single_file(
"https://huggingface.co/WarriorMama777/OrangeMixs/blob/main/Models/AbyssOrangeMix/AbyssOrangeMix.safetensors"
)
```
## Convert to safetensors
Not all weights on the Hub are available in the `.safetensors` format, and you may encounter weights stored as `.bin`. In this case, use the [Convert Space](https://huggingface.co/spaces/diffusers/convert) to convert the weights to `.safetensors`. The Convert Space downloads the pickled weights, converts them, and opens a Pull Request to upload the newly converted `.safetensors` file on the Hub. This way, if there is any malicious code contained in the pickled files, they're uploaded to the Hub - which has a [security scanner](https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/security-pickle#hubs-security-scanner) to detect unsafe files and suspicious pickle imports - instead of your computer.
You can use the model with the new `.safetensors` weights by specifying the reference to the Pull Request in the `revision` parameter (you can also test it in this [Check PR](https://huggingface.co/spaces/diffusers/check_pr) Space on the Hub), for example `refs/pr/22`:
```py
from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
"stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1", revision="refs/pr/22", use_safetensors=True
)
```
## Why use safetensors?
There are several reasons for using safetensors:
- Safety is the number one reason for using safetensors. As open-source and model distribution grows, it is important to be able to trust the model weights you downloaded don't contain any malicious code. The current size of the header in safetensors prevents parsing extremely large JSON files.
- Loading speed between switching models is another reason to use safetensors, which performs zero-copy of the tensors. It is especially fast compared to `pickle` if you're loading the weights to CPU (the default case), and just as fast if not faster when directly loading the weights to GPU. You'll only notice the performance difference if the model is already loaded, and not if you're downloading the weights or loading the model for the first time.
The time it takes to load the entire pipeline:
```py
from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline
pipeline = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1", use_safetensors=True)
"Loaded in safetensors 0:00:02.033658"
"Loaded in PyTorch 0:00:02.663379"
```
But the actual time it takes to load 500MB of the model weights is only:
```bash
safetensors: 3.4873ms
PyTorch: 172.7537ms
```
- Lazy loading is also supported in safetensors, which is useful in distributed settings to only load some of the tensors. This format allowed the [BLOOM](https://huggingface.co/bigscience/bloom) model to be loaded in 45 seconds on 8 GPUs instead of 10 minutes with regular PyTorch weights.
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