Efficient Attention (#366)

* up

* add tests

* correct

* up

* finish

* better naming

* Update README.md
Co-authored-by: Pedro Cuenca <pedro@huggingface.co>
Co-authored-by: Pedro Cuenca <pedro@huggingface.co>

README.md

@@ -104,7 +104,9 @@ with autocast("cuda"):
     image = pipe(prompt).images[0]  
 ```
 
-If you are limited by GPU memory, you might want to consider using the model in `fp16`.
+If you are limited by GPU memory, you might want to consider using the model in `fp16` as 
+well as chunking the attention computation.
+The following snippet should result in less than 4GB VRAM.
 
 ```python
 pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@ pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
 pipe = pipe.to("cuda")
 
 prompt = "a photo of an astronaut riding a horse on mars"
+pipe.enable_attention_slicing()
 with autocast("cuda"):
     image = pipe(prompt).images[0]  
 ```

src/diffusers/models/attention.py

@@ -63,18 +63,19 @@ class AttentionBlock(nn.Module):
 
         # get scores
         scale = 1 / math.sqrt(math.sqrt(self.channels / self.num_heads))
+
         attention_scores = torch.matmul(query_states * scale, key_states.transpose(-1, -2) * scale)
         attention_probs = torch.softmax(attention_scores.float(), dim=-1).type(attention_scores.dtype)
 
         # compute attention output
-        context_states = torch.matmul(attention_probs, value_states)
+        hidden_states = torch.matmul(attention_probs, value_states)
 
-        context_states = context_states.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous()
-        new_context_states_shape = context_states.size()[:-2] + (self.channels,)
-        context_states = context_states.view(new_context_states_shape)
+        hidden_states = hidden_states.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous()
+        new_hidden_states_shape = hidden_states.size()[:-2] + (self.channels,)
+        hidden_states = hidden_states.view(new_hidden_states_shape)
 
         # compute next hidden_states
-        hidden_states = self.proj_attn(context_states)
+        hidden_states = self.proj_attn(hidden_states)
         hidden_states = hidden_states.transpose(-1, -2).reshape(batch, channel, height, width)
 
         # res connect and rescale
@@ -107,6 +108,10 @@ class SpatialTransformer(nn.Module):
 
         self.proj_out = nn.Conv2d(inner_dim, in_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0)
 
+    def _set_attention_slice(self, slice_size):
+        for block in self.transformer_blocks:
+            block._set_attention_slice(slice_size)
+
     def forward(self, x, context=None):
         # note: if no context is given, cross-attention defaults to self-attention
         b, c, h, w = x.shape
@@ -136,6 +141,10 @@ class BasicTransformerBlock(nn.Module):
         self.norm3 = nn.LayerNorm(dim)
         self.checkpoint = checkpoint
 
+    def _set_attention_slice(self, slice_size):
+        self.attn1._slice_size = slice_size
+        self.attn2._slice_size = slice_size
+
     def forward(self, x, context=None):
         x = self.attn1(self.norm1(x)) + x
         x = self.attn2(self.norm2(x), context=context) + x
@@ -151,6 +160,10 @@ class CrossAttention(nn.Module):
 
         self.scale = dim_head**-0.5
         self.heads = heads
+        # for slice_size > 0 the attention score computation
+        # is split across the batch axis to save memory
+        # You can set slice_size with `set_attention_slice`
+        self._slice_size = None
 
         self.to_q = nn.Linear(query_dim, inner_dim, bias=False)
         self.to_k = nn.Linear(context_dim, inner_dim, bias=False)
@@ -175,8 +188,6 @@ class CrossAttention(nn.Module):
     def forward(self, x, context=None, mask=None):
         batch_size, sequence_length, dim = x.shape
 
-        h = self.heads
-
         q = self.to_q(x)
         context = context if context is not None else x
         k = self.to_k(context)
@@ -186,20 +197,33 @@ class CrossAttention(nn.Module):
         k = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(k)
         v = self.reshape_heads_to_batch_dim(v)
 
-        sim = torch.einsum("b i d, b j d -> b i j", q, k) * self.scale
-
-        if mask is not None:
-            mask = mask.reshape(batch_size, -1)
-            max_neg_value = -torch.finfo(sim.dtype).max
-            mask = mask[:, None, :].repeat(h, 1, 1)
-            sim.masked_fill_(~mask, max_neg_value)
+        # TODO(PVP) - mask is currently never used. Remember to re-implement when used
 
         # attention, what we cannot get enough of
-        attn = sim.softmax(dim=-1)
+        hidden_states = self._attention(q, k, v, sequence_length, dim)
 
-        out = torch.einsum("b i j, b j d -> b i d", attn, v)
-        out = self.reshape_batch_dim_to_heads(out)
-        return self.to_out(out)
+        return self.to_out(hidden_states)
+
+    def _attention(self, query, key, value, sequence_length, dim):
+        batch_size_attention = query.shape[0]
+        hidden_states = torch.zeros(
+            (batch_size_attention, sequence_length, dim // self.heads), device=query.device, dtype=query.dtype
+        )
+        slice_size = self._slice_size if self._slice_size is not None else hidden_states.shape[0]
+        for i in range(hidden_states.shape[0] // slice_size):
+            start_idx = i * slice_size
+            end_idx = (i + 1) * slice_size
+            attn_slice = (
+                torch.einsum("b i d, b j d -> b i j", query[start_idx:end_idx], key[start_idx:end_idx]) * self.scale
+            )
+            attn_slice = attn_slice.softmax(dim=-1)
+            attn_slice = torch.einsum("b i j, b j d -> b i d", attn_slice, value[start_idx:end_idx])
+
+            hidden_states[start_idx:end_idx] = attn_slice
+
+        # reshape hidden_states
+        hidden_states = self.reshape_batch_dim_to_heads(hidden_states)
+        return hidden_states
 
 
 class FeedForward(nn.Module):

src/diffusers/models/unet_2d_condition.py

@@ -133,6 +133,28 @@ class UNet2DConditionModel(ModelMixin, ConfigMixin):
         self.conv_act = nn.SiLU()
         self.conv_out = nn.Conv2d(block_out_channels[0], out_channels, 3, padding=1)
 
+    def set_attention_slice(self, slice_size):
+        if slice_size is not None and self.config.attention_head_dim % slice_size != 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Make sure slice_size {slice_size} is a divisor of "
+                f"the number of heads used in cross_attention {self.config.attention_head_dim}"
+            )
+        if slice_size is not None and slice_size > self.config.attention_head_dim:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Chunk_size {slice_size} has to be smaller or equal to "
+                f"the number of heads used in cross_attention {self.config.attention_head_dim}"
+            )
+
+        for block in self.down_blocks:
+            if hasattr(block, "attentions") and block.attentions is not None:
+                block.set_attention_slice(slice_size)
+
+        self.mid_block.set_attention_slice(slice_size)
+
+        for block in self.up_blocks:
+            if hasattr(block, "attentions") and block.attentions is not None:
+                block.set_attention_slice(slice_size)
+
     def forward(
         self,
         sample: torch.FloatTensor,

src/diffusers/models/unet_blocks.py

@@ -295,6 +295,7 @@ class UNetMidBlock2DCrossAttn(nn.Module):
         super().__init__()
 
         self.attention_type = attention_type
+        self.attn_num_head_channels = attn_num_head_channels
         resnet_groups = resnet_groups if resnet_groups is not None else min(in_channels // 4, 32)
 
         # there is always at least one resnet
@@ -342,6 +343,21 @@ class UNetMidBlock2DCrossAttn(nn.Module):
         self.attentions = nn.ModuleList(attentions)
         self.resnets = nn.ModuleList(resnets)
 
+    def set_attention_slice(self, slice_size):
+        if slice_size is not None and self.attn_num_head_channels % slice_size != 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Make sure slice_size {slice_size} is a divisor of "
+                f"the number of heads used in cross_attention {self.attn_num_head_channels}"
+            )
+        if slice_size is not None and slice_size > self.attn_num_head_channels:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Chunk_size {slice_size} has to be smaller or equal to "
+                f"the number of heads used in cross_attention {self.attn_num_head_channels}"
+            )
+
+        for attn in self.attentions:
+            attn._set_attention_slice(slice_size)
+
     def forward(self, hidden_states, temb=None, encoder_hidden_states=None):
         hidden_states = self.resnets[0](hidden_states, temb)
         for attn, resnet in zip(self.attentions, self.resnets[1:]):
@@ -457,6 +473,7 @@ class CrossAttnDownBlock2D(nn.Module):
         attentions = []
 
         self.attention_type = attention_type
+        self.attn_num_head_channels = attn_num_head_channels
 
         for i in range(num_layers):
             in_channels = in_channels if i == 0 else out_channels
@@ -497,6 +514,21 @@ class CrossAttnDownBlock2D(nn.Module):
         else:
             self.downsamplers = None
 
+    def set_attention_slice(self, slice_size):
+        if slice_size is not None and self.attn_num_head_channels % slice_size != 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Make sure slice_size {slice_size} is a divisor of "
+                f"the number of heads used in cross_attention {self.attn_num_head_channels}"
+            )
+        if slice_size is not None and slice_size > self.attn_num_head_channels:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Chunk_size {slice_size} has to be smaller or equal to "
+                f"the number of heads used in cross_attention {self.attn_num_head_channels}"
+            )
+
+        for attn in self.attentions:
+            attn._set_attention_slice(slice_size)
+
     def forward(self, hidden_states, temb=None, encoder_hidden_states=None):
         output_states = ()
 
@@ -989,6 +1021,7 @@ class CrossAttnUpBlock2D(nn.Module):
         attentions = []
 
         self.attention_type = attention_type
+        self.attn_num_head_channels = attn_num_head_channels
 
         for i in range(num_layers):
             res_skip_channels = in_channels if (i == num_layers - 1) else out_channels
@@ -1025,6 +1058,21 @@ class CrossAttnUpBlock2D(nn.Module):
         else:
             self.upsamplers = None
 
+    def set_attention_slice(self, slice_size):
+        if slice_size is not None and self.attn_num_head_channels % slice_size != 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Make sure slice_size {slice_size} is a divisor of "
+                f"the number of heads used in cross_attention {self.attn_num_head_channels}"
+            )
+        if slice_size is not None and slice_size > self.attn_num_head_channels:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Chunk_size {slice_size} has to be smaller or equal to "
+                f"the number of heads used in cross_attention {self.attn_num_head_channels}"
+            )
+
+        for attn in self.attentions:
+            attn._set_attention_slice(slice_size)
+
     def forward(self, hidden_states, res_hidden_states_tuple, temb=None, encoder_hidden_states=None):
         for resnet, attn in zip(self.resnets, self.attentions):
 

src/diffusers/pipelines/stable_diffusion/pipeline_stable_diffusion.py

@@ -36,6 +36,17 @@ class StableDiffusionPipeline(DiffusionPipeline):
             feature_extractor=feature_extractor,
         )
 
+    def enable_attention_slicing(self, slice_size: Optional[Union[str, int]] = "auto"):
+        if slice_size == "auto":
+            # half the attention head size is usually a good trade-off between
+            # speed and memory
+            slice_size = self.unet.config.attention_head_dim // 2
+        self.unet.set_attention_slice(slice_size)
+
+    def disable_attention_slicing(self):
+        # set slice_size = `None` to disable `set_attention_slice`
+        self.enable_attention_slice(None)
+
     @torch.no_grad()
     def __call__(
         self,

src/diffusers/pipelines/stable_diffusion/pipeline_stable_diffusion_img2img.py

@@ -47,6 +47,17 @@ class StableDiffusionImg2ImgPipeline(DiffusionPipeline):
             feature_extractor=feature_extractor,
         )
 
+    def enable_attention_slicing(self, slice_size: Optional[Union[str, int]] = "auto"):
+        if slice_size == "auto":
+            # half the attention head size is usually a good trade-off between
+            # speed and memory
+            slice_size = self.unet.config.attention_head_dim // 2
+        self.unet.set_attention_slice(slice_size)
+
+    def disable_attention_slicing(self):
+        # set slice_size = `None` to disable `set_attention_slice`
+        self.enable_attention_slice(None)
+
     @torch.no_grad()
     def __call__(
         self,

src/diffusers/pipelines/stable_diffusion/pipeline_stable_diffusion_inpaint.py

@@ -61,6 +61,17 @@ class StableDiffusionInpaintPipeline(DiffusionPipeline):
             feature_extractor=feature_extractor,
         )
 
+    def enable_attention_slicing(self, slice_size: Optional[Union[str, int]] = "auto"):
+        if slice_size == "auto":
+            # half the attention head size is usually a good trade-off between
+            # speed and memory
+            slice_size = self.unet.config.attention_head_dim // 2
+        self.unet.set_attention_slice(slice_size)
+
+    def disable_attention_slicing(self):
+        # set slice_size = `None` to disable `set_attention_slice`
+        self.enable_attention_slice(None)
+
     @torch.no_grad()
     def __call__(
         self,

tests/test_pipelines.py

@@ -153,7 +153,6 @@ class PipelineFastTests(unittest.TestCase):
         torch.manual_seed(0)
         config = CLIPTextConfig(
             bos_token_id=0,
-            chunk_size_feed_forward=0,
             eos_token_id=2,
             hidden_size=32,
             intermediate_size=37,
@@ -410,6 +409,38 @@ class PipelineFastTests(unittest.TestCase):
         assert np.abs(image_slice.flatten() - expected_slice).max() < 1e-2
         assert np.abs(image_from_tuple_slice.flatten() - expected_slice).max() < 1e-2
 
+    def test_stable_diffusion_attention_chunk(self):
+        device = "cpu"  # ensure determinism for the device-dependent torch.Generator
+        unet = self.dummy_cond_unet
+        scheduler = LMSDiscreteScheduler(beta_start=0.00085, beta_end=0.012, beta_schedule="scaled_linear")
+        vae = self.dummy_vae
+        bert = self.dummy_text_encoder
+        tokenizer = CLIPTokenizer.from_pretrained("hf-internal-testing/tiny-random-clip")
+
+        # make sure here that pndm scheduler skips prk
+        sd_pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline(
+            unet=unet,
+            scheduler=scheduler,
+            vae=vae,
+            text_encoder=bert,
+            tokenizer=tokenizer,
+            safety_checker=self.dummy_safety_checker,
+            feature_extractor=self.dummy_extractor,
+        )
+        sd_pipe = sd_pipe.to(device)
+        sd_pipe.set_progress_bar_config(disable=None)
+
+        prompt = "A painting of a squirrel eating a burger"
+        generator = torch.Generator(device=device).manual_seed(0)
+        output_1 = sd_pipe([prompt], generator=generator, guidance_scale=6.0, num_inference_steps=2, output_type="np")
+
+        # make sure chunking the attention yields the same result
+        sd_pipe.enable_attention_slicing(slice_size=1)
+        generator = torch.Generator(device=device).manual_seed(0)
+        output_2 = sd_pipe([prompt], generator=generator, guidance_scale=6.0, num_inference_steps=2, output_type="np")
+
+        assert np.abs(output_2.images.flatten() - output_1.images.flatten()).max() < 1e-4
+
     def test_score_sde_ve_pipeline(self):
         unet = self.dummy_uncond_unet
         scheduler = ScoreSdeVeScheduler(tensor_format="pt")
@@ -1045,6 +1076,46 @@ class PipelineTesterMixin(unittest.TestCase):
         expected_slice = np.array([0.9077, 0.9254, 0.9181, 0.9227, 0.9213, 0.9367, 0.9399, 0.9406, 0.9024])
         assert np.abs(image_slice.flatten() - expected_slice).max() < 1e-2
 
+    @slow
+    @unittest.skipIf(torch_device == "cpu", "Stable diffusion is supposed to run on GPU")
+    def test_stable_diffusion_memory_chunking(self):
+        torch.cuda.reset_peak_memory_stats()
+        model_id = "CompVis/stable-diffusion-v1-4"
+        pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(
+            model_id, revision="fp16", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_auth_token=True
+        ).to(torch_device)
+        pipe.set_progress_bar_config(disable=None)
+
+        prompt = "a photograph of an astronaut riding a horse"
+
+        # make attention efficient
+        pipe.enable_attention_slicing()
+        generator = torch.Generator(device=torch_device).manual_seed(0)
+        with torch.autocast(torch_device):
+            output_chunked = pipe(
+                [prompt], generator=generator, guidance_scale=7.5, num_inference_steps=10, output_type="numpy"
+            )
+            image_chunked = output_chunked.images
+
+        mem_bytes = torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated()
+        torch.cuda.reset_peak_memory_stats()
+        # make sure that less than 3.75 GB is allocated
+        assert mem_bytes < 3.75 * 10**9
+
+        # disable chunking
+        pipe.disable_attention_slicing()
+        generator = torch.Generator(device=torch_device).manual_seed(0)
+        with torch.autocast(torch_device):
+            output = pipe(
+                [prompt], generator=generator, guidance_scale=7.5, num_inference_steps=10, output_type="numpy"
+            )
+            image = output.images
+
+        # make sure that more than 3.75 GB is allocated
+        mem_bytes = torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated()
+        assert mem_bytes > 3.75 * 10**9
+        assert np.abs(image_chunked.flatten() - image.flatten()).max() < 1e-3
+
     @slow
     @unittest.skipIf(torch_device == "cpu", "Stable diffusion is supposed to run on GPU")
     def test_stable_diffusion_img2img_pipeline(self):