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# Accelerated PyTorch 2.0 support in Diffusers

Starting from version `0.13.0`, Diffusers supports the latest optimization from [PyTorch 2.0](https://pytorch.org/get-started/pytorch-2.0/). These include:
1. Support for accelerated transformers implementation with memory-efficient attention – no extra dependencies (such as `xformers`) required.
2. [torch.compile](https://pytorch.org/tutorials/intermediate/torch_compile_tutorial.html) support for extra performance boost when individual models are compiled.


## Installation

To benefit from the accelerated attention implementation and `torch.compile()`, you just need to install the latest versions of PyTorch 2.0 from pip, and make sure you are on diffusers 0.13.0 or later. As explained below, diffusers automatically uses the optimized attention processor ([`AttnProcessor2_0`](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/blob/1a5797c6d4491a879ea5285c4efc377664e0332d/src/diffusers/models/attention_processor.py#L798)) (but not `torch.compile()`)
when PyTorch 2.0 is available.

```bash
pip install --upgrade torch diffusers
```

## Using accelerated transformers and `torch.compile`.


1. **Accelerated Transformers implementation**

   PyTorch 2.0 includes an optimized and memory-efficient attention implementation through the [`torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention`](https://pytorch.org/docs/master/generated/torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention) function, which automatically enables several optimizations depending on the inputs and the GPU type. This is similar to the `memory_efficient_attention` from [xFormers](https://github.com/facebookresearch/xformers), but built natively into PyTorch. 

   These optimizations will be enabled by default in Diffusers if PyTorch 2.0 is installed and if `torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention` is available. To use it, just install `torch 2.0` as suggested above and simply use the pipeline. For example:

    ```Python
    import torch
    from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline

    pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True)
    pipe = pipe.to("cuda")

    prompt = "a photo of an astronaut riding a horse on mars"
    image = pipe(prompt).images[0]
    ```

    If you want to enable it explicitly (which is not required), you can do so as shown below.

    ```diff
    import torch
    from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
    + from diffusers.models.attention_processor import AttnProcessor2_0

    pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True).to("cuda")
    + pipe.unet.set_attn_processor(AttnProcessor2_0())

    prompt = "a photo of an astronaut riding a horse on mars"
    image = pipe(prompt).images[0]
    ```

    This should be as fast and memory efficient as `xFormers`. More details [in our benchmark](#benchmark).

    It is possible to revert to the vanilla attention processor ([`AttnProcessor`](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/blob/1a5797c6d4491a879ea5285c4efc377664e0332d/src/diffusers/models/attention_processor.py#L402)), which can be helpful to make the pipeline more deterministic, or if you need to convert a fine-tuned model to other formats such as [Core ML](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/v0.16.0/en/optimization/coreml#how-to-run-stable-diffusion-with-core-ml). To use the normal attention processor you can use the [`~diffusers.UNet2DConditionModel.set_default_attn_processor`] function:

    ```Python
    import torch
    from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
    from diffusers.models.attention_processor import AttnProcessor

    pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True).to("cuda")
    pipe.unet.set_default_attn_processor()

    prompt = "a photo of an astronaut riding a horse on mars"
    image = pipe(prompt).images[0]
    ```

2. **torch.compile**

    To get an additional speedup, we can use the new `torch.compile` feature. Since the UNet of the pipeline is usually the most computationally expensive, we wrap the `unet` with `torch.compile` leaving rest of the sub-models (text encoder and VAE) as is. For more information and different options, refer to the 
    [torch compile docs](https://pytorch.org/tutorials/intermediate/torch_compile_tutorial.html).

    ```python
    pipe.unet = torch.compile(pipe.unet, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)
    images = pipe(prompt, num_inference_steps=steps, num_images_per_prompt=batch_size).images
    ```

    Depending on the type of GPU, `compile()` can yield between **5% - 300%** of _additional speed-up_ over the accelerated transformer optimizations. Note, however, that compilation is able to squeeze more performance improvements in more recent GPU architectures such as Ampere (A100, 3090), Ada (4090) and Hopper (H100).
    
    Compilation takes some time to complete, so it is best suited for situations where you need to prepare your pipeline once and then perform the same type of inference operations multiple times. Calling the compiled pipeline on a different image size will re-trigger compilation which can be expensive.


## Benchmark

We conducted a comprehensive benchmark with PyTorch 2.0's efficient attention implementation and `torch.compile` across different GPUs and batch sizes for five of our most used pipelines. We used `diffusers 0.17.0.dev0`, which [makes sure `torch.compile()` is leveraged optimally](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/pull/3313).

### Benchmarking code 

#### Stable Diffusion text-to-image 

```python 
from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
import torch

path = "runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5"

run_compile = True  # Set True / False

pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(path, torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True)
pipe = pipe.to("cuda")
pipe.unet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)

if run_compile:
    print("Run torch compile")
    pipe.unet = torch.compile(pipe.unet, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)

prompt = "ghibli style, a fantasy landscape with castles"

for _ in range(3):
    images = pipe(prompt=prompt).images
```

#### Stable Diffusion image-to-image 

```python 
from diffusers import StableDiffusionImg2ImgPipeline
import requests
import torch
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO

url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion/main/assets/stable-samples/img2img/sketch-mountains-input.jpg"

response = requests.get(url)
init_image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.content)).convert("RGB")
init_image = init_image.resize((512, 512))

path = "runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5"

run_compile = True  # Set True / False

pipe = StableDiffusionImg2ImgPipeline.from_pretrained(path, torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True)
pipe = pipe.to("cuda")
pipe.unet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)

if run_compile:
    print("Run torch compile")
    pipe.unet = torch.compile(pipe.unet, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)

prompt = "ghibli style, a fantasy landscape with castles"

for _ in range(3):
    image = pipe(prompt=prompt, image=init_image).images[0]
```

#### Stable Diffusion - inpainting

```python 
from diffusers import StableDiffusionInpaintPipeline
import requests
import torch
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO

url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion/main/assets/stable-samples/img2img/sketch-mountains-input.jpg"

def download_image(url):
    response = requests.get(url)
    return Image.open(BytesIO(response.content)).convert("RGB")


img_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CompVis/latent-diffusion/main/data/inpainting_examples/overture-creations-5sI6fQgYIuo.png"
mask_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CompVis/latent-diffusion/main/data/inpainting_examples/overture-creations-5sI6fQgYIuo_mask.png"

init_image = download_image(img_url).resize((512, 512))
mask_image = download_image(mask_url).resize((512, 512))

path = "runwayml/stable-diffusion-inpainting"

run_compile = True  # Set True / False

pipe = StableDiffusionInpaintPipeline.from_pretrained(path, torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True)
pipe = pipe.to("cuda")
pipe.unet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)

if run_compile:
    print("Run torch compile")
    pipe.unet = torch.compile(pipe.unet, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)

prompt = "ghibli style, a fantasy landscape with castles"

for _ in range(3):
    image = pipe(prompt=prompt, image=init_image, mask_image=mask_image).images[0]
```

#### ControlNet 

```python 
from diffusers import StableDiffusionControlNetPipeline, ControlNetModel
import requests
import torch
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO

url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion/main/assets/stable-samples/img2img/sketch-mountains-input.jpg"

response = requests.get(url)
init_image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.content)).convert("RGB")
init_image = init_image.resize((512, 512))

path = "runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5"

run_compile = True  # Set True / False
controlnet = ControlNetModel.from_pretrained("lllyasviel/sd-controlnet-canny", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True)
pipe = StableDiffusionControlNetPipeline.from_pretrained(
    path, controlnet=controlnet, torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True
)

pipe = pipe.to("cuda")
pipe.unet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)
pipe.controlnet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)

if run_compile:
    print("Run torch compile")
    pipe.unet = torch.compile(pipe.unet, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)
    pipe.controlnet = torch.compile(pipe.controlnet, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)

prompt = "ghibli style, a fantasy landscape with castles"

for _ in range(3):
    image = pipe(prompt=prompt, image=init_image).images[0]
```

#### IF text-to-image + upscaling

```python 
from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline
import torch

run_compile = True  # Set True / False

pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("DeepFloyd/IF-I-M-v1.0", variant="fp16", text_encoder=None, torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True)
pipe.to("cuda")
pipe_2 = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("DeepFloyd/IF-II-M-v1.0", variant="fp16", text_encoder=None, torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True)
pipe_2.to("cuda")
pipe_3 = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("stabilityai/stable-diffusion-x4-upscaler", torch_dtype=torch.float16, use_safetensors=True)
pipe_3.to("cuda")


pipe.unet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)
pipe_2.unet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)
pipe_3.unet.to(memory_format=torch.channels_last)

if run_compile:
    pipe.unet = torch.compile(pipe.unet, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)
    pipe_2.unet = torch.compile(pipe_2.unet, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)
    pipe_3.unet = torch.compile(pipe_3.unet, mode="reduce-overhead", fullgraph=True)

prompt = "the blue hulk"

prompt_embeds = torch.randn((1, 2, 4096), dtype=torch.float16)
neg_prompt_embeds = torch.randn((1, 2, 4096), dtype=torch.float16)

for _ in range(3):
    image = pipe(prompt_embeds=prompt_embeds, negative_prompt_embeds=neg_prompt_embeds, output_type="pt").images
    image_2 = pipe_2(image=image, prompt_embeds=prompt_embeds, negative_prompt_embeds=neg_prompt_embeds, output_type="pt").images
    image_3 = pipe_3(prompt=prompt, image=image, noise_level=100).images
```

To give you a pictorial overview of the possible speed-ups that can be obtained with PyTorch 2.0 and `torch.compile()`,
here is a plot that shows relative speed-ups for the [Stable Diffusion text-to-image pipeline](StableDiffusionPipeline) across five
different GPU families (with a batch size of 4):

![t2i_speedup](https://huggingface.co/datasets/diffusers/docs-images/resolve/main/pt2_benchmarks/t2i_speedup.png)

To give you an even better idea of how this speed-up holds for the other pipelines presented above, consider the following 
plot that shows the benchmarking numbers from an A100 across three different batch sizes
(with PyTorch 2.0 nightly and `torch.compile()`):

![a100_numbers](https://huggingface.co/datasets/diffusers/docs-images/resolve/main/pt2_benchmarks/a100_numbers.png)

_(Our benchmarking metric for the plots above is **number of iterations/second**)_

But we reveal all the benchmarking numbers in the interest of transparency! 

In the following tables, we report our findings in terms of the number of **_iterations processed per second_**. 

### A100 (batch size: 1)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 21.66 | 23.13 | 44.03 | 49.74 |
| SD - img2img | 21.81 | 22.40 | 43.92 | 46.32 |
| SD - inpaint | 22.24 | 23.23 | 43.76 | 49.25 |
| SD - controlnet | 15.02 | 15.82 | 32.13 | 36.08 |
| IF | 20.21 / <br>13.84 / <br>24.00 | 20.12 / <br>13.70 / <br>24.03 | ❌ | 97.34 / <br>27.23 / <br>111.66 |

### A100 (batch size: 4)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 11.6 | 13.12 | 14.62 | 17.27 |
| SD - img2img | 11.47 | 13.06 | 14.66 | 17.25 |
| SD - inpaint | 11.67 | 13.31 | 14.88 | 17.48 |
| SD - controlnet | 8.28 | 9.38 | 10.51 | 12.41 |
| IF | 25.02 | 18.04 | ❌ | 48.47 |

### A100 (batch size: 16)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 3.04 | 3.6 | 3.83 | 4.68 |
| SD - img2img | 2.98 | 3.58 | 3.83 | 4.67 |
| SD - inpaint | 3.04 | 3.66 | 3.9 | 4.76 |
| SD - controlnet | 2.15 | 2.58 | 2.74 | 3.35 |
| IF | 8.78 | 9.82 | ❌ | 16.77 |

### V100 (batch size: 1)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 18.99 | 19.14 | 20.95 | 22.17 |
| SD - img2img | 18.56 | 19.18 | 20.95 | 22.11 |
| SD - inpaint | 19.14 | 19.06 | 21.08 | 22.20 |
| SD - controlnet | 13.48 | 13.93 | 15.18 | 15.88 |
| IF |  20.01 / <br>9.08 / <br>23.34 | 19.79 / <br>8.98 / <br>24.10 | ❌ | 55.75 / <br>11.57 / <br>57.67 |

### V100 (batch size: 4)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 5.96 | 5.89 | 6.83 | 6.86 |
| SD - img2img | 5.90 | 5.91 | 6.81 | 6.82 |
| SD - inpaint | 5.99 | 6.03 | 6.93 | 6.95 |
| SD - controlnet | 4.26 | 4.29 | 4.92 | 4.93 |
| IF | 15.41 | 14.76 | ❌ | 22.95 |

### V100 (batch size: 16)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 1.66 | 1.66 | 1.92 | 1.90 |
| SD - img2img | 1.65 | 1.65 | 1.91 | 1.89 |
| SD - inpaint | 1.69 | 1.69 | 1.95 | 1.93 |
| SD - controlnet | 1.19 | 1.19 | OOM after warmup | 1.36 |
| IF | 5.43 | 5.29 | ❌ | 7.06 |

### T4 (batch size: 1)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 6.9 | 6.95 | 7.3 | 7.56 |
| SD - img2img | 6.84 | 6.99 | 7.04 | 7.55 |
| SD - inpaint | 6.91 | 6.7 | 7.01 | 7.37 |
| SD - controlnet | 4.89 | 4.86 | 5.35 | 5.48 |
| IF | 17.42 / <br>2.47 / <br>18.52 | 16.96 / <br>2.45 / <br>18.69 | ❌ | 24.63 / <br>2.47 / <br>23.39 |

### T4 (batch size: 4)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 1.79 | 1.79 | 2.03 | 1.99 |
| SD - img2img | 1.77 | 1.77 | 2.05 | 2.04 |
| SD - inpaint | 1.81 | 1.82 | 2.09 | 2.09 |
| SD - controlnet | 1.34 | 1.27 | 1.47 | 1.46 |
| IF | 5.79 |  5.61 | ❌ | 7.39 |

### T4 (batch size: 16)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 2.34s | 2.30s | OOM after 2nd iteration | 1.99s |
| SD - img2img | 2.35s | 2.31s | OOM after warmup | 2.00s |
| SD - inpaint | 2.30s | 2.26s | OOM after 2nd iteration | 1.95s |
| SD - controlnet | OOM after 2nd iteration | OOM after 2nd iteration | OOM after warmup | OOM after warmup |
| IF * | 1.44 | 1.44 | ❌ | 1.94 |

### RTX 3090 (batch size: 1)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 22.56 | 22.84 | 23.84 | 25.69 |
| SD - img2img | 22.25 | 22.61 | 24.1 | 25.83 |
| SD - inpaint | 22.22 | 22.54 | 24.26 | 26.02 |
| SD - controlnet | 16.03 | 16.33 | 17.38 | 18.56 |
| IF | 27.08 / <br>9.07 / <br>31.23 | 26.75 / <br>8.92 / <br>31.47 | ❌ | 68.08 / <br>11.16 / <br>65.29 |

### RTX 3090 (batch size: 4)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 6.46 | 6.35 | 7.29 | 7.3 |
| SD - img2img | 6.33 | 6.27 | 7.31 | 7.26 |
| SD - inpaint | 6.47 | 6.4 | 7.44 | 7.39 |
| SD - controlnet | 4.59 | 4.54 | 5.27 | 5.26 |
| IF | 16.81 | 16.62 | ❌ | 21.57 |

### RTX 3090 (batch size: 16)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 1.7 | 1.69 | 1.93 | 1.91 |
| SD - img2img | 1.68 | 1.67 | 1.93 | 1.9 |
| SD - inpaint | 1.72 | 1.71 | 1.97 | 1.94 |
| SD - controlnet | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.4 | 1.38 |
| IF | 5.01 | 5.00 | ❌ | 6.33 |

### RTX 4090 (batch size: 1)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 40.5 | 41.89 | 44.65 | 49.81 |
| SD - img2img | 40.39 | 41.95 | 44.46 | 49.8 |
| SD - inpaint | 40.51 | 41.88 | 44.58 | 49.72 |
| SD - controlnet | 29.27 | 30.29 | 32.26 | 36.03 |
| IF | 69.71 / <br>18.78 / <br>85.49 | 69.13 / <br>18.80 / <br>85.56 | ❌ | 124.60 / <br>26.37 / <br>138.79 |

### RTX 4090 (batch size: 4)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 12.62 | 12.84 | 15.32 | 15.59 |
| SD - img2img | 12.61 | 12,.79 | 15.35 | 15.66 |
| SD - inpaint | 12.65 | 12.81 | 15.3 | 15.58 |
| SD - controlnet | 9.1 | 9.25 | 11.03 | 11.22 |
| IF | 31.88 | 31.14 | ❌ | 43.92 |

### RTX 4090 (batch size: 16)

| **Pipeline** | **torch 2.0 - <br>no compile** | **torch nightly - <br>no compile** | **torch 2.0 - <br>compile** | **torch nightly - <br>compile** |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| SD - txt2img | 3.17 | 3.2 | 3.84 | 3.85 |
| SD - img2img | 3.16 | 3.2 | 3.84 | 3.85 |
| SD - inpaint | 3.17 | 3.2 | 3.85 | 3.85 |
| SD - controlnet | 2.23 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.75 |
| IF | 9.26 | 9.2 | ❌ | 13.31 |

## Notes 

* Follow [this PR](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/pull/3313) for more details on the environment used for conducting the benchmarks. 
* For the IF pipeline and batch sizes > 1, we only used a batch size of >1 in the first IF pipeline for text-to-image generation and NOT for upscaling. So, that means the two upscaling pipelines received a batch size of 1. 

*Thanks to [Horace He](https://github.com/Chillee) from the PyTorch team for their support in improving our support of `torch.compile()` in Diffusers.*