import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F

from ..registry import LOSSES


def _expand_binary_labels(labels, label_weights, label_channels):
    bin_labels = labels.new_full((labels.size(0), label_channels), 0)
    inds = torch.nonzero(labels >= 1).squeeze()
    if inds.numel() > 0:
        bin_labels[inds, labels[inds] - 1] = 1
    bin_label_weights = label_weights.view(-1, 1).expand(
        label_weights.size(0), label_channels)
    return bin_labels, bin_label_weights


# TODO: code refactoring to make it consistent with other losses
@LOSSES.register_module
class GHMC(nn.Module):
    """GHM Classification Loss.

    Details of the theorem can be viewed in the paper
    "Gradient Harmonized Single-stage Detector".
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.05181

    Args:
        bins (int): Number of the unit regions for distribution calculation.
        momentum (float): The parameter for moving average.
        use_sigmoid (bool): Can only be true for BCE based loss now.
        loss_weight (float): The weight of the total GHM-C loss.
    """

    def __init__(self, bins=10, momentum=0, use_sigmoid=True, loss_weight=1.0):
        super(GHMC, self).__init__()
        self.bins = bins
        self.momentum = momentum
        edges = torch.arange(bins + 1).float() / bins
        self.register_buffer('edges', edges)
        self.edges[-1] += 1e-6
        if momentum > 0:
            acc_sum = torch.zeros(bins)
            self.register_buffer('acc_sum', acc_sum)
        self.use_sigmoid = use_sigmoid
        if not self.use_sigmoid:
            raise NotImplementedError
        self.loss_weight = loss_weight

    def forward(self, pred, target, label_weight, *args, **kwargs):
        """Calculate the GHM-C loss.

        Args:
            pred (float tensor of size [batch_num, class_num]):
                The direct prediction of classification fc layer.
            target (float tensor of size [batch_num, class_num]):
                Binary class target for each sample.
            label_weight (float tensor of size [batch_num, class_num]):
                the value is 1 if the sample is valid and 0 if ignored.
        Returns:
            The gradient harmonized loss.
        """
        # the target should be binary class label
        if pred.dim() != target.dim():
            target, label_weight = _expand_binary_labels(
                target, label_weight, pred.size(-1))
        target, label_weight = target.float(), label_weight.float()
        edges = self.edges
        mmt = self.momentum
        weights = torch.zeros_like(pred)

        # gradient length
        g = torch.abs(pred.sigmoid().detach() - target)

        valid = label_weight > 0
        tot = max(valid.float().sum().item(), 1.0)
        n = 0  # n valid bins
        for i in range(self.bins):
            inds = (g >= edges[i]) & (g < edges[i + 1]) & valid
            num_in_bin = inds.sum().item()
            if num_in_bin > 0:
                if mmt > 0:
                    self.acc_sum[i] = mmt * self.acc_sum[i] \
                        + (1 - mmt) * num_in_bin
                    weights[inds] = tot / self.acc_sum[i]
                else:
                    weights[inds] = tot / num_in_bin
                n += 1
        if n > 0:
            weights = weights / n

        loss = F.binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
            pred, target, weights, reduction='sum') / tot
        return loss * self.loss_weight


# TODO: code refactoring to make it consistent with other losses
@LOSSES.register_module
class GHMR(nn.Module):
    """GHM Regression Loss.

    Details of the theorem can be viewed in the paper
    "Gradient Harmonized Single-stage Detector"
    https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.05181

    Args:
        mu (float): The parameter for the Authentic Smooth L1 loss.
        bins (int): Number of the unit regions for distribution calculation.
        momentum (float): The parameter for moving average.
        loss_weight (float): The weight of the total GHM-R loss.
    """

    def __init__(self, mu=0.02, bins=10, momentum=0, loss_weight=1.0):
        super(GHMR, self).__init__()
        self.mu = mu
        self.bins = bins
        edges = torch.arange(bins + 1).float() / bins
        self.register_buffer('edges', edges)
        self.edges[-1] = 1e3
        self.momentum = momentum
        if momentum > 0:
            acc_sum = torch.zeros(bins)
            self.register_buffer('acc_sum', acc_sum)
        self.loss_weight = loss_weight

    # TODO: support reduction parameter
    def forward(self, pred, target, label_weight, avg_factor=None):
        """Calculate the GHM-R loss.

        Args:
            pred (float tensor of size [batch_num, 4 (* class_num)]):
                The prediction of box regression layer. Channel number can be 4
                or 4 * class_num depending on whether it is class-agnostic.
            target (float tensor of size [batch_num, 4 (* class_num)]):
                The target regression values with the same size of pred.
            label_weight (float tensor of size [batch_num, 4 (* class_num)]):
                The weight of each sample, 0 if ignored.
        Returns:
            The gradient harmonized loss.
        """
        mu = self.mu
        edges = self.edges
        mmt = self.momentum

        # ASL1 loss
        diff = pred - target
        loss = torch.sqrt(diff * diff + mu * mu) - mu

        # gradient length
        g = torch.abs(diff / torch.sqrt(mu * mu + diff * diff)).detach()
        weights = torch.zeros_like(g)

        valid = label_weight > 0
        tot = max(label_weight.float().sum().item(), 1.0)
        n = 0  # n: valid bins
        for i in range(self.bins):
            inds = (g >= edges[i]) & (g < edges[i + 1]) & valid
            num_in_bin = inds.sum().item()
            if num_in_bin > 0:
                n += 1
                if mmt > 0:
                    self.acc_sum[i] = mmt * self.acc_sum[i] \
                        + (1 - mmt) * num_in_bin
                    weights[inds] = tot / self.acc_sum[i]
                else:
                    weights[inds] = tot / num_in_bin
        if n > 0:
            weights /= n

        loss = loss * weights
        loss = loss.sum() / tot
        return loss * self.loss_weight
