# Copyright 2019 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
"""Data parser and processing.

Parse image and ground truths in a dataset to training targets and package them
into (image, labels) tuple for RetinaNet.

T.-Y. Lin, P. Goyal, R. Girshick, K. He,  and P. Dollar
Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection. arXiv:1708.02002
"""

import tensorflow.compat.v2 as tf

from official.vision.detection.dataloader import anchor
from official.vision.detection.dataloader import mode_keys as ModeKeys
from official.vision.detection.dataloader import tf_example_decoder
from official.vision.detection.utils import autoaugment_utils
from official.vision.detection.utils import box_utils
from official.vision.detection.utils import input_utils


def process_source_id(source_id):
  """Processes source_id to the right format."""
  if source_id.dtype == tf.string:
    source_id = tf.cast(tf.strings.to_number(source_id), tf.int32)
  with tf.control_dependencies([source_id]):
    source_id = tf.cond(
        pred=tf.equal(tf.size(input=source_id), 0),
        true_fn=lambda: tf.cast(tf.constant(-1), tf.int32),
        false_fn=lambda: tf.identity(source_id))
  return source_id


def pad_groundtruths_to_fixed_size(gt, n):
  """Pads the first dimension of groundtruths labels to the fixed size."""
  gt['boxes'] = input_utils.pad_to_fixed_size(gt['boxes'], n, -1)
  gt['is_crowds'] = input_utils.pad_to_fixed_size(gt['is_crowds'], n, 0)
  gt['areas'] = input_utils.pad_to_fixed_size(gt['areas'], n, -1)
  gt['classes'] = input_utils.pad_to_fixed_size(gt['classes'], n, -1)
  return gt


class Parser(object):
  """Parser to parse an image and its annotations into a dictionary of tensors."""

  def __init__(self,
               output_size,
               min_level,
               max_level,
               num_scales,
               aspect_ratios,
               anchor_size,
               match_threshold=0.5,
               unmatched_threshold=0.5,
               aug_rand_hflip=False,
               aug_scale_min=1.0,
               aug_scale_max=1.0,
               use_autoaugment=False,
               autoaugment_policy_name='v0',
               skip_crowd_during_training=True,
               max_num_instances=100,
               use_bfloat16=True,
               mode=None):
    """Initializes parameters for parsing annotations in the dataset.

    Args:
      output_size: `Tensor` or `list` for [height, width] of output image. The
        output_size should be divided by the largest feature stride 2^max_level.
      min_level: `int` number of minimum level of the output feature pyramid.
      max_level: `int` number of maximum level of the output feature pyramid.
      num_scales: `int` number representing intermediate scales added
        on each level. For instances, num_scales=2 adds one additional
        intermediate anchor scales [2^0, 2^0.5] on each level.
      aspect_ratios: `list` of float numbers representing the aspect raito
        anchors added on each level. The number indicates the ratio of width to
        height. For instances, aspect_ratios=[1.0, 2.0, 0.5] adds three anchors
        on each scale level.
      anchor_size: `float` number representing the scale of size of the base
        anchor to the feature stride 2^level.
      match_threshold: `float` number between 0 and 1 representing the
        lower-bound threshold to assign positive labels for anchors. An anchor
        with a score over the threshold is labeled positive.
      unmatched_threshold: `float` number between 0 and 1 representing the
        upper-bound threshold to assign negative labels for anchors. An anchor
        with a score below the threshold is labeled negative.
      aug_rand_hflip: `bool`, if True, augment training with random
        horizontal flip.
      aug_scale_min: `float`, the minimum scale applied to `output_size` for
        data augmentation during training.
      aug_scale_max: `float`, the maximum scale applied to `output_size` for
        data augmentation during training.
      use_autoaugment: `bool`, if True, use the AutoAugment augmentation policy
        during training.
      autoaugment_policy_name: `string` that specifies the name of the
        AutoAugment policy that will be used during training.
      skip_crowd_during_training: `bool`, if True, skip annotations labeled with
        `is_crowd` equals to 1.
      max_num_instances: `int` number of maximum number of instances in an
        image. The groundtruth data will be padded to `max_num_instances`.
      use_bfloat16: `bool`, if True, cast output image to tf.bfloat16.
      mode: a ModeKeys. Specifies if this is training, evaluation, prediction
        or prediction with groundtruths in the outputs.
    """
    self._mode = mode
    self._max_num_instances = max_num_instances
    self._skip_crowd_during_training = skip_crowd_during_training
    self._is_training = (mode == ModeKeys.TRAIN)

    self._example_decoder = tf_example_decoder.TfExampleDecoder(
        include_mask=False)

    # Anchor.
    self._output_size = output_size
    self._min_level = min_level
    self._max_level = max_level
    self._num_scales = num_scales
    self._aspect_ratios = aspect_ratios
    self._anchor_size = anchor_size
    self._match_threshold = match_threshold
    self._unmatched_threshold = unmatched_threshold

    # Data augmentation.
    self._aug_rand_hflip = aug_rand_hflip
    self._aug_scale_min = aug_scale_min
    self._aug_scale_max = aug_scale_max

    # Data Augmentation with AutoAugment.
    self._use_autoaugment = use_autoaugment
    self._autoaugment_policy_name = autoaugment_policy_name

    # Device.
    self._use_bfloat16 = use_bfloat16

    # Data is parsed depending on the model Modekey.
    if mode == ModeKeys.TRAIN:
      self._parse_fn = self._parse_train_data
    elif mode == ModeKeys.EVAL:
      self._parse_fn = self._parse_eval_data
    elif mode == ModeKeys.PREDICT or mode == ModeKeys.PREDICT_WITH_GT:
      self._parse_fn = self._parse_predict_data
    else:
      raise ValueError('mode is not defined.')

  def __call__(self, value):
    """Parses data to an image and associated training labels.

    Args:
      value: a string tensor holding a serialized tf.Example proto.

    Returns:
      image: image tensor that is preproessed to have normalized value and
        dimension [output_size[0], output_size[1], 3]
      labels:
        cls_targets: ordered dictionary with keys
          [min_level, min_level+1, ..., max_level]. The values are tensor with
          shape [height_l, width_l, anchors_per_location]. The height_l and
          width_l represent the dimension of class logits at l-th level.
        box_targets: ordered dictionary with keys
          [min_level, min_level+1, ..., max_level]. The values are tensor with
          shape [height_l, width_l, anchors_per_location * 4]. The height_l and
          width_l represent the dimension of bounding box regression output at
          l-th level.
        num_positives: number of positive anchors in the image.
        anchor_boxes: ordered dictionary with keys
          [min_level, min_level+1, ..., max_level]. The values are tensor with
          shape [height_l, width_l, 4] representing anchor boxes at each level.
        image_info: a 2D `Tensor` that encodes the information of the image and
          the applied preprocessing. It is in the format of
          [[original_height, original_width], [scaled_height, scaled_width],
           [y_scale, x_scale], [y_offset, x_offset]].
        groundtruths:
          source_id: source image id. Default value -1 if the source id is empty
            in the groundtruth annotation.
          boxes: groundtruth bounding box annotations. The box is represented in
            [y1, x1, y2, x2] format. The tennsor is padded with -1 to the fixed
            dimension [self._max_num_instances, 4].
          classes: groundtruth classes annotations. The tennsor is padded with
            -1 to the fixed dimension [self._max_num_instances].
          areas: groundtruth areas annotations. The tennsor is padded with -1
            to the fixed dimension [self._max_num_instances].
          is_crowds: groundtruth annotations to indicate if an annotation
            represents a group of instances by value {0, 1}. The tennsor is
            padded with 0 to the fixed dimension [self._max_num_instances].
    """
    with tf.name_scope('parser'):
      data = self._example_decoder.decode(value)
      return self._parse_fn(data)

  def _parse_train_data(self, data):
    """Parses data for training and evaluation."""
    classes = data['groundtruth_classes']
    boxes = data['groundtruth_boxes']
    is_crowds = data['groundtruth_is_crowd']
    # Skips annotations with `is_crowd` = True.
    if self._skip_crowd_during_training and self._is_training:
      num_groundtrtuhs = tf.shape(input=classes)[0]
      with tf.control_dependencies([num_groundtrtuhs, is_crowds]):
        indices = tf.cond(
            pred=tf.greater(tf.size(input=is_crowds), 0),
            true_fn=lambda: tf.where(tf.logical_not(is_crowds))[:, 0],
            false_fn=lambda: tf.cast(tf.range(num_groundtrtuhs), tf.int64))
      classes = tf.gather(classes, indices)
      boxes = tf.gather(boxes, indices)

    # Gets original image and its size.
    image = data['image']

    # NOTE: The autoaugment method works best when used alongside the standard
    # horizontal flipping of images along with size jittering and normalization.
    if self._use_autoaugment:
      image, boxes = autoaugment_utils.distort_image_with_autoaugment(
          image, boxes, self._autoaugment_policy_name)

    image_shape = tf.shape(input=image)[0:2]

    # Normalizes image with mean and std pixel values.
    image = input_utils.normalize_image(image)

    # Flips image randomly during training.
    if self._aug_rand_hflip:
      image, boxes = input_utils.random_horizontal_flip(image, boxes)

    # Converts boxes from normalized coordinates to pixel coordinates.
    boxes = box_utils.denormalize_boxes(boxes, image_shape)

    # Resizes and crops image.
    image, image_info = input_utils.resize_and_crop_image(
        image,
        self._output_size,
        padded_size=input_utils.compute_padded_size(
            self._output_size, 2 ** self._max_level),
        aug_scale_min=self._aug_scale_min,
        aug_scale_max=self._aug_scale_max)
    image_height, image_width, _ = image.get_shape().as_list()

    # Resizes and crops boxes.
    image_scale = image_info[2, :]
    offset = image_info[3, :]
    boxes = input_utils.resize_and_crop_boxes(
        boxes, image_scale, image_info[1, :], offset)
    # Filters out ground truth boxes that are all zeros.
    indices = box_utils.get_non_empty_box_indices(boxes)
    boxes = tf.gather(boxes, indices)
    classes = tf.gather(classes, indices)

    # Assigns anchors.
    input_anchor = anchor.Anchor(
        self._min_level, self._max_level, self._num_scales,
        self._aspect_ratios, self._anchor_size, (image_height, image_width))
    anchor_labeler = anchor.AnchorLabeler(
        input_anchor, self._match_threshold, self._unmatched_threshold)
    (cls_targets, box_targets, num_positives) = anchor_labeler.label_anchors(
        boxes,
        tf.cast(tf.expand_dims(classes, axis=1), tf.float32))

    # If bfloat16 is used, casts input image to tf.bfloat16.
    if self._use_bfloat16:
      image = tf.cast(image, dtype=tf.bfloat16)

    # Packs labels for model_fn outputs.
    labels = {
        'cls_targets': cls_targets,
        'box_targets': box_targets,
        'anchor_boxes': input_anchor.multilevel_boxes,
        'num_positives': num_positives,
        'image_info': image_info,
    }
    return image, labels

  def _parse_eval_data(self, data):
    """Parses data for training and evaluation."""
    groundtruths = {}
    classes = data['groundtruth_classes']
    boxes = data['groundtruth_boxes']

    # Gets original image and its size.
    image = data['image']
    image_shape = tf.shape(input=image)[0:2]

    # Normalizes image with mean and std pixel values.
    image = input_utils.normalize_image(image)

    # Converts boxes from normalized coordinates to pixel coordinates.
    boxes = box_utils.denormalize_boxes(boxes, image_shape)

    # Resizes and crops image.
    image, image_info = input_utils.resize_and_crop_image(
        image,
        self._output_size,
        padded_size=input_utils.compute_padded_size(
            self._output_size, 2 ** self._max_level),
        aug_scale_min=1.0,
        aug_scale_max=1.0)
    image_height, image_width, _ = image.get_shape().as_list()

    # Resizes and crops boxes.
    image_scale = image_info[2, :]
    offset = image_info[3, :]
    boxes = input_utils.resize_and_crop_boxes(
        boxes, image_scale, image_info[1, :], offset)
    # Filters out ground truth boxes that are all zeros.
    indices = box_utils.get_non_empty_box_indices(boxes)
    boxes = tf.gather(boxes, indices)
    classes = tf.gather(classes, indices)

    # Assigns anchors.
    input_anchor = anchor.Anchor(
        self._min_level, self._max_level, self._num_scales,
        self._aspect_ratios, self._anchor_size, (image_height, image_width))
    anchor_labeler = anchor.AnchorLabeler(
        input_anchor, self._match_threshold, self._unmatched_threshold)
    (cls_targets, box_targets, num_positives) = anchor_labeler.label_anchors(
        boxes,
        tf.cast(tf.expand_dims(classes, axis=1), tf.float32))

    # If bfloat16 is used, casts input image to tf.bfloat16.
    if self._use_bfloat16:
      image = tf.cast(image, dtype=tf.bfloat16)

    # Sets up groundtruth data for evaluation.
    groundtruths = {
        'source_id': data['source_id'],
        'num_groundtrtuhs': tf.shape(data['groundtruth_classes']),
        'image_info': image_info,
        'boxes': box_utils.denormalize_boxes(
            data['groundtruth_boxes'], image_shape),
        'classes': data['groundtruth_classes'],
        'areas': data['groundtruth_area'],
        'is_crowds': tf.cast(data['groundtruth_is_crowd'], tf.int32),
    }
    groundtruths['source_id'] = process_source_id(groundtruths['source_id'])
    groundtruths = pad_groundtruths_to_fixed_size(
        groundtruths, self._max_num_instances)

    # Packs labels for model_fn outputs.
    labels = {
        'cls_targets': cls_targets,
        'box_targets': box_targets,
        'anchor_boxes': input_anchor.multilevel_boxes,
        'num_positives': num_positives,
        'image_info': image_info,
        'groundtruths': groundtruths,
    }
    return image, labels

  def _parse_predict_data(self, data):
    """Parses data for prediction."""
    # Gets original image and its size.
    image = data['image']
    image_shape = tf.shape(input=image)[0:2]

    # Normalizes image with mean and std pixel values.
    image = input_utils.normalize_image(image)

    # Resizes and crops image.
    image, image_info = input_utils.resize_and_crop_image(
        image,
        self._output_size,
        padded_size=input_utils.compute_padded_size(
            self._output_size, 2 ** self._max_level),
        aug_scale_min=1.0,
        aug_scale_max=1.0)
    image_height, image_width, _ = image.get_shape().as_list()

    # If bfloat16 is used, casts input image to tf.bfloat16.
    if self._use_bfloat16:
      image = tf.cast(image, dtype=tf.bfloat16)

    # Compute Anchor boxes.
    input_anchor = anchor.Anchor(
        self._min_level, self._max_level, self._num_scales,
        self._aspect_ratios, self._anchor_size, (image_height, image_width))

    labels = {
        'anchor_boxes': input_anchor.multilevel_boxes,
        'image_info': image_info,
    }
    # If mode is PREDICT_WITH_GT, returns groundtruths and training targets
    # in labels.
    if self._mode == ModeKeys.PREDICT_WITH_GT:
      # Converts boxes from normalized coordinates to pixel coordinates.
      boxes = box_utils.denormalize_boxes(
          data['groundtruth_boxes'], image_shape)
      groundtruths = {
          'source_id': data['source_id'],
          'num_detections': tf.shape(data['groundtruth_classes']),
          'boxes': boxes,
          'classes': data['groundtruth_classes'],
          'areas': data['groundtruth_area'],
          'is_crowds': tf.cast(data['groundtruth_is_crowd'], tf.int32),
      }
      groundtruths['source_id'] = process_source_id(groundtruths['source_id'])
      groundtruths = pad_groundtruths_to_fixed_size(
          groundtruths, self._max_num_instances)
      labels['groundtruths'] = groundtruths

      # Computes training objective for evaluation loss.
      classes = data['groundtruth_classes']

      image_scale = image_info[2, :]
      offset = image_info[3, :]
      boxes = input_utils.resize_and_crop_boxes(
          boxes, image_scale, image_info[1, :], offset)
      # Filters out ground truth boxes that are all zeros.
      indices = box_utils.get_non_empty_box_indices(boxes)
      boxes = tf.gather(boxes, indices)

      # Assigns anchors.
      anchor_labeler = anchor.AnchorLabeler(
          input_anchor, self._match_threshold, self._unmatched_threshold)
      (cls_targets, box_targets, num_positives) = anchor_labeler.label_anchors(
          boxes,
          tf.cast(tf.expand_dims(classes, axis=1), tf.float32))
      labels['cls_targets'] = cls_targets
      labels['box_targets'] = box_targets
      labels['num_positives'] = num_positives
    return image, labels
