# Copyright 2019 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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# ==============================================================================
"""Anchor box and labeler definition."""

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import collections

import tensorflow as tf
from official.vision import keras_cv
from official.vision.detection.utils.object_detection import argmax_matcher
from official.vision.detection.utils.object_detection import balanced_positive_negative_sampler
from official.vision.detection.utils.object_detection import box_list
from official.vision.detection.utils.object_detection import faster_rcnn_box_coder
from official.vision.detection.utils.object_detection import target_assigner


class Anchor(object):
  """Anchor class for anchor-based object detectors."""

  def __init__(self, min_level, max_level, num_scales, aspect_ratios,
               anchor_size, image_size):
    """Constructs multiscale anchors.

    Args:
      min_level: integer number of minimum level of the output feature pyramid.
      max_level: integer number of maximum level of the output feature pyramid.
      num_scales: integer number representing intermediate scales added on each
        level. For instances, num_scales=2 adds one additional intermediate
        anchor scales [2^0, 2^0.5] on each level.
      aspect_ratios: list of float numbers representing the aspect ratio anchors
        added on each level. The number indicates the ratio of width to height.
        For instances, aspect_ratios=[1.0, 2.0, 0.5] adds three anchors on each
        scale level.
      anchor_size: float number representing the scale of size of the base
        anchor to the feature stride 2^level.
      image_size: a list of integer numbers or Tensors representing [height,
        width] of the input image size.The image_size should be divisible by the
        largest feature stride 2^max_level.
    """
    self.min_level = min_level
    self.max_level = max_level
    self.num_scales = num_scales
    self.aspect_ratios = aspect_ratios
    self.anchor_size = anchor_size
    self.image_size = image_size
    self.boxes = self._generate_boxes()

  def _generate_boxes(self):
    """Generates multiscale anchor boxes.

    Returns:
      a Tensor of shape [N, 4], represneting anchor boxes of all levels
      concatenated together.
    """
    boxes_all = []
    for level in range(self.min_level, self.max_level + 1):
      boxes_l = []
      for scale in range(self.num_scales):
        for aspect_ratio in self.aspect_ratios:
          stride = 2**level
          intermediate_scale = 2**(scale / float(self.num_scales))
          base_anchor_size = self.anchor_size * stride * intermediate_scale
          aspect_x = aspect_ratio**0.5
          aspect_y = aspect_ratio**-0.5
          half_anchor_size_x = base_anchor_size * aspect_x / 2.0
          half_anchor_size_y = base_anchor_size * aspect_y / 2.0
          x = tf.range(stride / 2, self.image_size[1], stride)
          y = tf.range(stride / 2, self.image_size[0], stride)
          xv, yv = tf.meshgrid(x, y)
          xv = tf.cast(tf.reshape(xv, [-1]), dtype=tf.float32)
          yv = tf.cast(tf.reshape(yv, [-1]), dtype=tf.float32)
          # Tensor shape Nx4.
          boxes = tf.stack([
              yv - half_anchor_size_y, xv - half_anchor_size_x,
              yv + half_anchor_size_y, xv + half_anchor_size_x
          ],
                           axis=1)
          boxes_l.append(boxes)
      # Concat anchors on the same level to tensor shape NxAx4.
      boxes_l = tf.stack(boxes_l, axis=1)
      boxes_l = tf.reshape(boxes_l, [-1, 4])
      boxes_all.append(boxes_l)
    return tf.concat(boxes_all, axis=0)

  def unpack_labels(self, labels):
    """Unpacks an array of labels into multiscales labels."""
    unpacked_labels = collections.OrderedDict()
    count = 0
    for level in range(self.min_level, self.max_level + 1):
      feat_size_y = tf.cast(self.image_size[0] / 2**level, tf.int32)
      feat_size_x = tf.cast(self.image_size[1] / 2**level, tf.int32)
      steps = feat_size_y * feat_size_x * self.anchors_per_location
      unpacked_labels[level] = tf.reshape(labels[count:count + steps],
                                          [feat_size_y, feat_size_x, -1])
      count += steps
    return unpacked_labels

  @property
  def anchors_per_location(self):
    return self.num_scales * len(self.aspect_ratios)

  @property
  def multilevel_boxes(self):
    return self.unpack_labels(self.boxes)


class AnchorLabeler(object):
  """Labeler for dense object detector."""

  def __init__(self, anchor, match_threshold=0.5, unmatched_threshold=0.5):
    """Constructs anchor labeler to assign labels to anchors.

    Args:
      anchor: an instance of class Anchors.
      match_threshold: a float number between 0 and 1 representing the
        lower-bound threshold to assign positive labels for anchors. An anchor
        with a score over the threshold is labeled positive.
      unmatched_threshold: a float number between 0 and 1 representing the
        upper-bound threshold to assign negative labels for anchors. An anchor
        with a score below the threshold is labeled negative.
    """
    similarity_calc = keras_cv.ops.IouSimilarity()
    matcher = argmax_matcher.ArgMaxMatcher(
        match_threshold,
        unmatched_threshold=unmatched_threshold,
        negatives_lower_than_unmatched=True,
        force_match_for_each_row=True)
    box_coder = faster_rcnn_box_coder.FasterRcnnBoxCoder()

    self._target_assigner = target_assigner.TargetAssigner(
        similarity_calc, matcher, box_coder)
    self._anchor = anchor
    self._match_threshold = match_threshold
    self._unmatched_threshold = unmatched_threshold

  def label_anchors(self, gt_boxes, gt_labels):
    """Labels anchors with ground truth inputs.

    Args:
      gt_boxes: A float tensor with shape [N, 4] representing groundtruth boxes.
        For each row, it stores [y0, x0, y1, x1] for four corners of a box.
      gt_labels: A integer tensor with shape [N, 1] representing groundtruth
        classes.

    Returns:
      cls_targets_dict: ordered dictionary with keys
        [min_level, min_level+1, ..., max_level]. The values are tensor with
        shape [height_l, width_l, num_anchors_per_location]. The height_l and
        width_l represent the dimension of class logits at l-th level.
      box_targets_dict: ordered dictionary with keys
        [min_level, min_level+1, ..., max_level]. The values are tensor with
        shape [height_l, width_l, num_anchors_per_location * 4]. The height_l
        and width_l represent the dimension of bounding box regression output at
        l-th level.
      num_positives: scalar tensor storing number of positives in an image.
    """
    gt_box_list = box_list.BoxList(gt_boxes)
    anchor_box_list = box_list.BoxList(self._anchor.boxes)

    # The cls_weights, box_weights are not used.
    cls_targets, _, box_targets, _, matches = self._target_assigner.assign(
        anchor_box_list, gt_box_list, gt_labels)

    # Labels definition in matches.match_results:
    # (1) match_results[i]>=0, meaning that column i is matched with row
    #     match_results[i].
    # (2) match_results[i]=-1, meaning that column i is not matched.
    # (3) match_results[i]=-2, meaning that column i is ignored.
    match_results = tf.expand_dims(matches.match_results, axis=1)
    cls_targets = tf.cast(cls_targets, tf.int32)
    cls_targets = tf.where(
        tf.equal(match_results, -1), -tf.ones_like(cls_targets), cls_targets)
    cls_targets = tf.where(
        tf.equal(match_results, -2), -2 * tf.ones_like(cls_targets),
        cls_targets)

    # Unpacks labels into multi-level representations.
    cls_targets_dict = self._anchor.unpack_labels(cls_targets)
    box_targets_dict = self._anchor.unpack_labels(box_targets)
    num_positives = tf.reduce_sum(
        input_tensor=tf.cast(tf.greater(matches.match_results, -1), tf.float32))

    return cls_targets_dict, box_targets_dict, num_positives


class RpnAnchorLabeler(AnchorLabeler):
  """Labeler for Region Proposal Network."""

  def __init__(self,
               anchor,
               match_threshold=0.7,
               unmatched_threshold=0.3,
               rpn_batch_size_per_im=256,
               rpn_fg_fraction=0.5):
    AnchorLabeler.__init__(
        self, anchor, match_threshold=0.7, unmatched_threshold=0.3)
    self._rpn_batch_size_per_im = rpn_batch_size_per_im
    self._rpn_fg_fraction = rpn_fg_fraction

  def _get_rpn_samples(self, match_results):
    """Computes anchor labels.

    This function performs subsampling for foreground (fg) and background (bg)
    anchors.
    Args:
      match_results: A integer tensor with shape [N] representing the matching
        results of anchors. (1) match_results[i]>=0, meaning that column i is
        matched with row match_results[i]. (2) match_results[i]=-1, meaning that
        column i is not matched. (3) match_results[i]=-2, meaning that column i
        is ignored.

    Returns:
      score_targets: a integer tensor with the a shape of [N].
        (1) score_targets[i]=1, the anchor is a positive sample.
        (2) score_targets[i]=0, negative. (3) score_targets[i]=-1, the anchor is
        don't care (ignore).
    """
    sampler = (
        balanced_positive_negative_sampler.BalancedPositiveNegativeSampler(
            positive_fraction=self._rpn_fg_fraction, is_static=False))
    # indicator includes both positive and negative labels.
    # labels includes only positives labels.
    # positives = indicator & labels.
    # negatives = indicator & !labels.
    # ignore = !indicator.
    indicator = tf.greater(match_results, -2)
    labels = tf.greater(match_results, -1)

    samples = sampler.subsample(indicator, self._rpn_batch_size_per_im, labels)
    positive_labels = tf.where(
        tf.logical_and(samples, labels),
        tf.constant(2, dtype=tf.int32, shape=match_results.shape),
        tf.constant(0, dtype=tf.int32, shape=match_results.shape))
    negative_labels = tf.where(
        tf.logical_and(samples, tf.logical_not(labels)),
        tf.constant(1, dtype=tf.int32, shape=match_results.shape),
        tf.constant(0, dtype=tf.int32, shape=match_results.shape))
    ignore_labels = tf.fill(match_results.shape, -1)

    return (ignore_labels + positive_labels + negative_labels, positive_labels,
            negative_labels)

  def label_anchors(self, gt_boxes, gt_labels):
    """Labels anchors with ground truth inputs.

    Args:
      gt_boxes: A float tensor with shape [N, 4] representing groundtruth boxes.
        For each row, it stores [y0, x0, y1, x1] for four corners of a box.
      gt_labels: A integer tensor with shape [N, 1] representing groundtruth
        classes.

    Returns:
      score_targets_dict: ordered dictionary with keys
        [min_level, min_level+1, ..., max_level]. The values are tensor with
        shape [height_l, width_l, num_anchors]. The height_l and width_l
        represent the dimension of class logits at l-th level.
      box_targets_dict: ordered dictionary with keys
        [min_level, min_level+1, ..., max_level]. The values are tensor with
        shape [height_l, width_l, num_anchors * 4]. The height_l and
        width_l represent the dimension of bounding box regression output at
        l-th level.
    """
    gt_box_list = box_list.BoxList(gt_boxes)
    anchor_box_list = box_list.BoxList(self._anchor.boxes)

    # cls_targets, cls_weights, box_weights are not used.
    _, _, box_targets, _, matches = self._target_assigner.assign(
        anchor_box_list, gt_box_list, gt_labels)

    # score_targets contains the subsampled positive and negative anchors.
    score_targets, _, _ = self._get_rpn_samples(matches.match_results)

    # Unpacks labels.
    score_targets_dict = self._anchor.unpack_labels(score_targets)
    box_targets_dict = self._anchor.unpack_labels(box_targets)

    return score_targets_dict, box_targets_dict
