Affiliations Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Affiliations Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Affiliations Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Affiliations Physiological Signal Analysis Team, Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, MRC Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Affiliations Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Affiliations Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

About the Authors

Vesa Kiviniemi * E-mail: vesa.kiviniemi@oulu.fi Affiliations Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Vesa Korhonen Affiliations Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Jukka Kortelainen Affiliations Physiological Signal Analysis Team, Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, MRC Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Seppo Rytky Affiliation Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Tuija Keinänen Affiliations Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Timo Tuovinen Affiliations Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Matti Isokangas Affiliation Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Eila Sonkajärvi Affiliation Department of Anaesthesiology, MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Topi Siniluoto Affiliation Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Juha Nikkinen Affiliation Department of Oncology, MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Seppo Alahuhta Affiliation Department of Anaesthesiology, MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Osmo Tervonen Affiliations Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Oulu Functional NeuroImaging Group, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Taina Turpeenniemi-Hujanen Affiliation Department of Oncology, MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Teemu Myllylä Affiliation Health & Wellness Measurement Group, Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Outi Kuittinen Affiliation Department of Oncology, MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Juha Voipio Affiliation Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors have the following potential competing interests: OK: advisory board Roche, Gilead; congress grant Roche, Takeda. MI and TS: institutional sponsorship for congress attendance from Stryker, Codman and Covidien. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: V. Kiviniemi OK MI ES TS JN SA OT TTH. Data curation: V. Korhonen JK TK TT TM. Formal analysis: V. Korhonen JK TK TT TM. Funding acquisition: V. Kiviniemi V. Korhonen OT. Investigation: V. Kiviniemi V. Korhonen TK TT MI TS ES TM. Methodology: V. Kiviniemi V. Korhonen JK SR TK TT MI ES TS JN SA OT TTH TM OK JV. Project administration: JV OT SA TTH JN. Resources: TTH OK SA OT V. Kiviniemi. Software: V. Korhonen JK TK TT TM. Supervision: JV OT SA TTH JN V. Kiviniemi. Validation: V. Kiviniemi V. Korhonen JK SR TK TT MI TS TTH OK JV. Visualization: V. Kiviniemi V. Korhonen JK SR TK TT MI TS TTH OK JV. Writing – original draft: V. Kiviniemi V. Korhonen JK SR TK TT MI TS TTH OK JV. Writing – review & editing: V. Kiviniemi JV V. Korhonen MI JK.