import math
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn, Tensor
import torch.nn.functional as F
from typing import Optional, List

from basicsr.archs.vqgan_arch import *
from basicsr.utils import get_root_logger
from basicsr.utils.registry import ARCH_REGISTRY

def calc_mean_std(feat, eps=1e-5):
    """Calculate mean and std for adaptive_instance_normalization.

    Args:
        feat (Tensor): 4D tensor.
        eps (float): A small value added to the variance to avoid
            divide-by-zero. Default: 1e-5.
    """
    size = feat.size()
    assert len(size) == 4, 'The input feature should be 4D tensor.'
    b, c = size[:2]
    feat_var = feat.view(b, c, -1).var(dim=2) + eps
    feat_std = feat_var.sqrt().view(b, c, 1, 1)
    feat_mean = feat.view(b, c, -1).mean(dim=2).view(b, c, 1, 1)
    return feat_mean, feat_std


def adaptive_instance_normalization(content_feat, style_feat):
    """Adaptive instance normalization.

    Adjust the reference features to have the similar color and illuminations
    as those in the degradate features.

    Args:
        content_feat (Tensor): The reference feature.
        style_feat (Tensor): The degradate features.
    """
    size = content_feat.size()
    style_mean, style_std = calc_mean_std(style_feat)
    content_mean, content_std = calc_mean_std(content_feat)
    normalized_feat = (content_feat - content_mean.expand(size)) / content_std.expand(size)
    return normalized_feat * style_std.expand(size) + style_mean.expand(size)


class PositionEmbeddingSine(nn.Module):
    """
    This is a more standard version of the position embedding, very similar to the one
    used by the Attention is all you need paper, generalized to work on images.
    """

    def __init__(self, num_pos_feats=64, temperature=10000, normalize=False, scale=None):
        super().__init__()
        self.num_pos_feats = num_pos_feats
        self.temperature = temperature
        self.normalize = normalize
        if scale is not None and normalize is False:
            raise ValueError("normalize should be True if scale is passed")
        if scale is None:
            scale = 2 * math.pi
        self.scale = scale

    def forward(self, x, mask=None):
        if mask is None:
            mask = torch.zeros((x.size(0), x.size(2), x.size(3)), device=x.device, dtype=torch.bool)
        not_mask = ~mask
        y_embed = not_mask.cumsum(1, dtype=torch.float32)
        x_embed = not_mask.cumsum(2, dtype=torch.float32)
        if self.normalize:
            eps = 1e-6
            y_embed = y_embed / (y_embed[:, -1:, :] + eps) * self.scale
            x_embed = x_embed / (x_embed[:, :, -1:] + eps) * self.scale

        dim_t = torch.arange(self.num_pos_feats, dtype=torch.float32, device=x.device)
        dim_t = self.temperature ** (2 * (dim_t // 2) / self.num_pos_feats)

        pos_x = x_embed[:, :, :, None] / dim_t
        pos_y = y_embed[:, :, :, None] / dim_t
        pos_x = torch.stack(
            (pos_x[:, :, :, 0::2].sin(), pos_x[:, :, :, 1::2].cos()), dim=4
        ).flatten(3)
        pos_y = torch.stack(
            (pos_y[:, :, :, 0::2].sin(), pos_y[:, :, :, 1::2].cos()), dim=4
        ).flatten(3)
        pos = torch.cat((pos_y, pos_x), dim=3).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
        return pos

def _get_activation_fn(activation):
    """Return an activation function given a string"""
    if activation == "relu":
        return F.relu
    if activation == "gelu":
        return F.gelu
    if activation == "glu":
        return F.glu
    raise RuntimeError(F"activation should be relu/gelu, not {activation}.")


class TransformerSALayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, embed_dim, nhead=8, dim_mlp=2048, dropout=0.0, activation="gelu"):
        super().__init__()
        self.self_attn = nn.MultiheadAttention(embed_dim, nhead, dropout=dropout)
        # Implementation of Feedforward model - MLP
        self.linear1 = nn.Linear(embed_dim, dim_mlp)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
        self.linear2 = nn.Linear(dim_mlp, embed_dim)

        self.norm1 = nn.LayerNorm(embed_dim)
        self.norm2 = nn.LayerNorm(embed_dim)
        self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(dropout)
        self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(dropout)

        self.activation = _get_activation_fn(activation)

    def with_pos_embed(self, tensor, pos: Optional[Tensor]):
        return tensor if pos is None else tensor + pos

    def forward(self, tgt,
                tgt_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None,
                tgt_key_padding_mask: Optional[Tensor] = None,
                query_pos: Optional[Tensor] = None):
        
        # self attention
        tgt2 = self.norm1(tgt)
        q = k = self.with_pos_embed(tgt2, query_pos)
        tgt2 = self.self_attn(q, k, value=tgt2, attn_mask=tgt_mask,
                              key_padding_mask=tgt_key_padding_mask)[0]
        tgt = tgt + self.dropout1(tgt2)

        # ffn
        tgt2 = self.norm2(tgt)
        tgt2 = self.linear2(self.dropout(self.activation(self.linear1(tgt2))))
        tgt = tgt + self.dropout2(tgt2)
        return tgt

class Fuse_sft_block(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch):
        super().__init__()
        self.encode_enc = ResBlock(2*in_ch, out_ch)

        self.scale = nn.Sequential(
                    nn.Conv2d(in_ch, out_ch, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
                    nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True),
                    nn.Conv2d(out_ch, out_ch, kernel_size=3, padding=1))

        self.shift = nn.Sequential(
                    nn.Conv2d(in_ch, out_ch, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
                    nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True),
                    nn.Conv2d(out_ch, out_ch, kernel_size=3, padding=1))

    def forward(self, enc_feat, dec_feat, w=1):
        enc_feat = self.encode_enc(torch.cat([enc_feat, dec_feat], dim=1))
        scale = self.scale(enc_feat)
        shift = self.shift(enc_feat)
        residual = w * (dec_feat * scale + shift)
        out = dec_feat + residual
        return out


@ARCH_REGISTRY.register()
class CodeFormer(VQAutoEncoder):
    def __init__(self, dim_embd=512, n_head=8, n_layers=9, 
                codebook_size=1024, latent_size=256,
                connect_list=['32', '64', '128', '256'],
                fix_modules=['quantize','generator'], vqgan_path=None):
        super(CodeFormer, self).__init__(512, 64, [1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8], 'nearest',2, [16], codebook_size)

        if vqgan_path is not None:
            self.load_state_dict(
                torch.load(vqgan_path, map_location='cpu')['params_ema'])

        if fix_modules is not None:
            for module in fix_modules:
                for param in getattr(self, module).parameters():
                    param.requires_grad = False

        self.connect_list = connect_list
        self.n_layers = n_layers
        self.dim_embd = dim_embd
        self.dim_mlp = dim_embd*2

        self.position_emb = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(latent_size, self.dim_embd))
        self.feat_emb = nn.Linear(256, self.dim_embd)

        # transformer
        self.ft_layers = nn.Sequential(*[TransformerSALayer(embed_dim=dim_embd, nhead=n_head, dim_mlp=self.dim_mlp, dropout=0.0) 
                                    for _ in range(self.n_layers)])

        # logits_predict head
        self.idx_pred_layer = nn.Sequential(
            nn.LayerNorm(dim_embd),
            nn.Linear(dim_embd, codebook_size, bias=False))
        
        self.channels = {
            '16': 512,
            '32': 256,
            '64': 256,
            '128': 128,
            '256': 128,
            '512': 64,
        }

        # after second residual block for > 16, before attn layer for ==16
        self.fuse_encoder_block = {'512':2, '256':5, '128':8, '64':11, '32':14, '16':18}
        # after first residual block for > 16, before attn layer for ==16
        self.fuse_generator_block = {'16':6, '32': 9, '64':12, '128':15, '256':18, '512':21}

        # fuse_convs_dict
        self.fuse_convs_dict = nn.ModuleDict()
        for f_size in self.connect_list:
            in_ch = self.channels[f_size]
            self.fuse_convs_dict[f_size] = Fuse_sft_block(in_ch, in_ch)

    def _init_weights(self, module):
        if isinstance(module, (nn.Linear, nn.Embedding)):
            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=0.02)
            if isinstance(module, nn.Linear) and module.bias is not None:
                module.bias.data.zero_()
        elif isinstance(module, nn.LayerNorm):
            module.bias.data.zero_()
            module.weight.data.fill_(1.0)

    def forward(self, x, w=0, detach_16=True, code_only=False, adain=False):
        # ################### Encoder #####################
        enc_feat_dict = {}
        out_list = [self.fuse_encoder_block[f_size] for f_size in self.connect_list]
        for i, block in enumerate(self.encoder.blocks):
            x = block(x) 
            if i in out_list:
                enc_feat_dict[str(x.shape[-1])] = x.clone()

        lq_feat = x
        # ################# Transformer ###################
        # quant_feat, codebook_loss, quant_stats = self.quantize(lq_feat)
        pos_emb = self.position_emb.unsqueeze(1).repeat(1,x.shape[0],1)
        # BCHW -> BC(HW) -> (HW)BC
        feat_emb = self.feat_emb(lq_feat.flatten(2).permute(2,0,1))
        query_emb = feat_emb
        # Transformer encoder
        for layer in self.ft_layers:
            query_emb = layer(query_emb, query_pos=pos_emb)

        # output logits
        logits = self.idx_pred_layer(query_emb) # (hw)bn
        logits = logits.permute(1,0,2) # (hw)bn -> b(hw)n

        if code_only: # for training stage II
          # logits doesn't need softmax before cross_entropy loss
            return logits, lq_feat

        # ################# Quantization ###################
        # if self.training:
        #     quant_feat = torch.einsum('btn,nc->btc', [soft_one_hot, self.quantize.embedding.weight])
        #     # b(hw)c -> bc(hw) -> bchw
        #     quant_feat = quant_feat.permute(0,2,1).view(lq_feat.shape)
        # ------------
        soft_one_hot = F.softmax(logits, dim=2)
        _, top_idx = torch.topk(soft_one_hot, 1, dim=2)
        quant_feat = self.quantize.get_codebook_feat(top_idx, shape=[x.shape[0],16,16,256])
        # preserve gradients
        # quant_feat = lq_feat + (quant_feat - lq_feat).detach()

        if detach_16:
            quant_feat = quant_feat.detach() # for training stage III
        if adain:
            quant_feat = adaptive_instance_normalization(quant_feat, lq_feat)

        # ################## Generator ####################
        x = quant_feat
        fuse_list = [self.fuse_generator_block[f_size] for f_size in self.connect_list]

        for i, block in enumerate(self.generator.blocks):
            x = block(x) 
            if i in fuse_list: # fuse after i-th block
                f_size = str(x.shape[-1])
                if w>= 0:
                    x = self.fuse_convs_dict[f_size](enc_feat_dict[f_size].detach(), x, w)
        out = x
        # logits doesn't need softmax before cross_entropy loss
        return out, logits, lq_feat