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Commit 7029c9cc authored by laibao's avatar laibao
Browse files

更新README.md，修改Docker镜像版本，调整环境变量格式，优化基准测试脚本，添加新的基准测试功能，删除不再使用的示例文件。

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benchmarks/kernels/benchmark_quant.py
View file @ 7029c9cc
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
import time
import torch
from vllm import _custom_ops as ops
from vllm.utils import (STR_DTYPE_TO_TORCH_DTYPE, FlexibleArgumentParser,
seed_everything)
from vllm.platforms import current_platform
from vllm.utils import STR_DTYPE_TO_TORCH_DTYPE, FlexibleArgumentParser
@torch.inference_mode()
def main(num_tokens: int,
hidden_size: int,
static_scale: bool,
quant_dtype: torch.dtype,
dtype: torch.dtype,
seed: int = 0,
do_profile: bool = False,
num_warmup_iters: int = 5,
num_iters: int = 100) -> None:
seed_everything(seed)
def main(
num_tokens: int,
hidden_size: int,
static_scale: bool,
quant_dtype: torch.dtype,
dtype: torch.dtype,
seed: int = 0,
do_profile: bool = False,
num_warmup_iters: int = 5,
num_iters: int = 100,
) -> None:
current_platform.seed_everything(seed)
torch.set_default_device("cuda")
x = torch.randn(num_tokens, hidden_size, dtype=dtype)
......@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ def main(num_tokens: int,
end_time = time.perf_counter()
if profile:
torch.cuda.cudart().cudaProfilerStart()
torch.cuda.cudart().cudaProfilerStop()
return (end_time - start_time) / num_iters
# Warmup.
......@@ -54,7 +59,7 @@ def main(num_tokens: int,
print(f"Kernel running time: {latency * 1000000:.3f} us")
if __name__ == '__main__':
if __name__ == "__main__":
def to_torch_dtype(dt):
if dt == "int8":
......@@ -64,37 +69,40 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
raise ValueError(f"Unsupported dtype: {dt}")
parser = FlexibleArgumentParser(
description="Benchmark the quantization (fp8 or int8) kernel.")
description="Benchmark the quantization (fp8 or int8) kernel."
)
parser.add_argument("--num-tokens", type=int, default=4096)
parser.add_argument("--hidden-size", type=int, default=8192)
parser.add_argument("--static-scale", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("--quant-dtype",
type=str,
choices=["fp8", "int8"],
default="int8")
parser.add_argument("--dtype",
type=str,
choices=["half", "bfloat16", "float"],
default="half")
parser.add_argument(
"--quant-dtype", type=str, choices=["fp8", "int8"], default="int8"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--dtype", type=str, choices=["half", "bfloat16", "float"], default="half"
)
parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=0)
parser.add_argument("--profile", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("--num-warmup-iters", type=int, default=5)
parser.add_argument("--num-iters",
type=int,
default=100,
help="Number of benchmark iterations. "
"If --profile is set, this number is ignored")
parser.add_argument(
"--num-iters",
type=int,
default=100,
help="Number of benchmark iterations. "
"If --profile is set, this number is ignored",
)
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args)
main(num_tokens=args.num_tokens,
hidden_size=args.hidden_size,
static_scale=args.static_scale,
quant_dtype=to_torch_dtype(args.quant_dtype),
dtype=STR_DTYPE_TO_TORCH_DTYPE[args.dtype],
seed=args.seed,
do_profile=args.profile,
num_warmup_iters=args.num_warmup_iters,
num_iters=args.num_iters)
main(
num_tokens=args.num_tokens,
hidden_size=args.hidden_size,
static_scale=args.static_scale,
quant_dtype=to_torch_dtype(args.quant_dtype),
dtype=STR_DTYPE_TO_TORCH_DTYPE[args.dtype],
seed=args.seed,
do_profile=args.profile,
num_warmup_iters=args.num_warmup_iters,
num_iters=args.num_iters,
)
benchmarks/kernels/benchmark_rmsnorm.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 7029c9cc
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
import itertools
from typing import Optional, Union
import torch
from flashinfer.norm import fused_add_rmsnorm, rmsnorm
from torch import nn
from vllm import _custom_ops as vllm_ops
from vllm.triton_utils import triton
class HuggingFaceRMSNorm(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, hidden_size: int, eps: float = 1e-6) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(hidden_size))
self.variance_epsilon = eps
def forward(
self,
x: torch.Tensor,
residual: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
) -> Union[torch.Tensor, tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]]:
orig_dtype = x.dtype
x = x.to(torch.float32)
if residual is not None:
x = x + residual.to(torch.float32)
residual = x.to(orig_dtype)
variance = x.pow(2).mean(dim=-1, keepdim=True)
x = x * torch.rsqrt(variance + self.variance_epsilon)
x = x.to(orig_dtype) * self.weight
if residual is None:
return x
else:
return x, residual
def rmsnorm_naive(
x: torch.Tensor,
weight: torch.Tensor,
residual: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
eps: float = 1e-6,
):
naive_norm = HuggingFaceRMSNorm(x.shape[-1], eps=eps)
naive_norm.weight = nn.Parameter(weight)
naive_norm = naive_norm.to(x.device)
orig_shape = x.shape
x = x.view(-1, x.shape[-1])
if residual is not None:
residual = residual.view(-1, residual.shape[-1])
output = naive_norm(x, residual)
if isinstance(output, tuple):
output = (output[0].view(orig_shape), output[1].view(orig_shape))
else:
output = output.view(orig_shape)
return output
def rmsnorm_flashinfer(
x: torch.Tensor,
weight: torch.Tensor,
residual: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
eps: float = 1e-6,
):
orig_shape = x.shape
x = x.view(-1, x.shape[-1])
if residual is not None:
residual = residual.view(-1, residual.shape[-1])
if residual is not None:
fused_add_rmsnorm(x, residual, weight, eps)
output = (x, residual)
else:
output = rmsnorm(x, weight, eps)
if isinstance(output, tuple):
output = (output[0].view(orig_shape), output[1].view(orig_shape))
else:
output = output.view(orig_shape)
return output
def rmsnorm_vllm(
x: torch.Tensor,
weight: torch.Tensor,
residual: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
eps: float = 1e-6,
):
orig_shape = x.shape
x = x.view(-1, x.shape[-1])
if residual is not None:
residual = residual.view(-1, residual.shape[-1])
if residual is not None:
vllm_ops.fused_add_rms_norm(x, residual, weight, eps)
output = (x, residual)
else:
out = torch.empty_like(x)
vllm_ops.rms_norm(out, x, weight, eps)
output = out
if isinstance(output, tuple):
output = (output[0].view(orig_shape), output[1].view(orig_shape))
else:
output = output.view(orig_shape)
return output
def calculate_diff(batch_size, seq_len, hidden_size, use_residual=True):
dtype = torch.bfloat16
x = torch.randn(batch_size, seq_len, hidden_size, dtype=dtype, device="cuda")
weight = torch.ones(hidden_size, dtype=dtype, device="cuda")
residual = torch.randn_like(x) if use_residual else None
output_naive = rmsnorm_naive(
x.clone(), weight, residual.clone() if residual is not None else None
)
output_flashinfer = rmsnorm_flashinfer(
x.clone(), weight, residual.clone() if residual is not None else None
)
output_vllm = rmsnorm_vllm(
x.clone(), weight, residual.clone() if residual is not None else None
)
if use_residual:
output_naive = output_naive[0]
output_flashinfer = output_flashinfer[0]
output_vllm = output_vllm[0]
print(f"Naive output={output_naive}")
print(f"FlashInfer output={output_flashinfer}")
print(f"vLLM output={output_vllm}")
if torch.allclose(
output_naive, output_flashinfer, atol=1e-2, rtol=1e-2
) and torch.allclose(output_naive, output_vllm, atol=1e-2, rtol=1e-2):
print("✅ All implementations match")
else:
print("❌ Implementations differ")
batch_size_range = [2**i for i in range(0, 7, 2)]
seq_length_range = [2**i for i in range(6, 11, 1)]
head_num_range = [32, 48]
configs = list(itertools.product(head_num_range, batch_size_range, seq_length_range))
def get_benchmark(use_residual):
@triton.testing.perf_report(
triton.testing.Benchmark(
x_names=["head_num", "batch_size", "seq_len"],
x_vals=[list(_) for _ in configs],
line_arg="provider",
line_vals=["huggingface", "flashinfer", "vllm"],
line_names=["HuggingFace", "FlashInfer", "vLLM"],
styles=[("blue", "-"), ("green", "-"), ("red", "-")],
ylabel="us",
plot_name=f"rmsnorm-perf-{'with' if use_residual else 'without'}-residual",
args={},
)
)
def benchmark(head_num, batch_size, seq_len, provider):
dtype = torch.bfloat16
hidden_size = head_num * 128 # assuming head_dim = 128
x = torch.randn(batch_size, seq_len, hidden_size, dtype=dtype, device="cuda")
weight = torch.ones(hidden_size, dtype=dtype, device="cuda")
residual = torch.randn_like(x) if use_residual else None
quantiles = [0.5, 0.2, 0.8]
if provider == "huggingface":
ms, min_ms, max_ms = triton.testing.do_bench(
lambda: rmsnorm_naive(
x.clone(),
weight,
residual.clone() if residual is not None else None,
),
quantiles=quantiles,
)
elif provider == "flashinfer":
ms, min_ms, max_ms = triton.testing.do_bench(
lambda: rmsnorm_flashinfer(
x.clone(),
weight,
residual.clone() if residual is not None else None,
),
quantiles=quantiles,
)
else:
ms, min_ms, max_ms = triton.testing.do_bench(
lambda: rmsnorm_vllm(
x.clone(),
weight,
residual.clone() if residual is not None else None,
),
quantiles=quantiles,
)
return 1000 * ms, 1000 * max_ms, 1000 * min_ms
return benchmark
if __name__ == "__main__":
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument(
"--batch-size",
type=int,
default=4,
help="Batch size",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--seq-len",
type=int,
default=128,
help="Sequence length",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--hidden-size",
type=int,
default=4096,
help="Hidden size (2nd dimension) of the sequence",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--use-residual", action="store_true", help="Whether to use residual connection"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--save-path",
type=str,
default="./configs/rmsnorm/",
help="Path to save rmsnorm benchmark results",
)
args = parser.parse_args()
# Run correctness test
calculate_diff(
batch_size=args.batch_size,
seq_len=args.seq_len,
hidden_size=args.hidden_size,
use_residual=args.use_residual,
)
# Get the benchmark function with proper use_residual setting
benchmark = get_benchmark(args.use_residual)
# Run performance benchmark
benchmark.run(print_data=True, save_path=args.save_path)
benchmarks/kernels/benchmark_rope.py
View file @ 7029c9cc
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
from itertools import accumulate
from typing import List, Optional
from typing import Optional
import nvtx
import torch
from vllm.model_executor.layers.rotary_embedding import (RotaryEmbedding,
get_rope)
from vllm.utils import FlexibleArgumentParser, seed_everything
from vllm.model_executor.layers.rotary_embedding import RotaryEmbedding, get_rope
from vllm.platforms import current_platform
from vllm.utils import FlexibleArgumentParser
def benchmark_rope_kernels_multi_lora(
......@@ -20,49 +23,58 @@ def benchmark_rope_kernels_multi_lora(
seed: int,
device: str,
max_position: int = 8192,
base: int = 10000,
base: float = 10000,
) -> None:
seed_everything(seed)
current_platform.seed_everything(seed)
torch.set_default_device(device)
if rotary_dim is None:
rotary_dim = head_size
# silulating serving 4 LoRAs
scaling_factors = [1, 2, 4, 8]
# batched RoPE can take multiple scaling factors
batched_rope = get_rope(head_size, rotary_dim, max_position, base,
is_neox_style, {
"type": "linear",
"factor": tuple(scaling_factors)
})
batched_rope = get_rope(
head_size,
rotary_dim,
max_position,
base,
is_neox_style,
{"rope_type": "linear", "factor": tuple(scaling_factors)},
)
# non-batched RoPE takes only one scaling factor, we create multiple
# instances to simulate the same behavior
non_batched_ropes: List[RotaryEmbedding] = []
non_batched_ropes: list[RotaryEmbedding] = []
for scaling_factor in scaling_factors:
non_batched_ropes.append(
get_rope(head_size, rotary_dim, max_position, base, is_neox_style,
{
"type": "linear",
"factor": (scaling_factor, )
}))
get_rope(
head_size,
rotary_dim,
max_position,
base,
is_neox_style,
{"rope_type": "linear", "factor": (scaling_factor,)},
)
)
positions = torch.randint(0, max_position, (batch_size, seq_len))
query = torch.randn(batch_size,
seq_len,
num_heads * head_size,
dtype=dtype)
query = torch.randn(batch_size, seq_len, num_heads * head_size, dtype=dtype)
key = torch.randn_like(query)
# create query offsets for batched RoPE, we concat multiple kv cache
# together and each query needs to find the right kv cache of its type
offset_map = torch.tensor(
list(
accumulate([0] + [
max_position * scaling_factor * 2
for scaling_factor in scaling_factors[:-1]
])))
query_types = torch.randint(0,
len(scaling_factors), (batch_size, seq_len),
device=device)
accumulate(
[0]
+ [
max_position * scaling_factor * 2
for scaling_factor in scaling_factors[:-1]
]
)
)
)
query_types = torch.randint(
0, len(scaling_factors), (batch_size, seq_len), device=device
)
# map query types to offsets
query_offsets = offset_map[query_types]
# the kernel takes flattened offsets
......@@ -83,27 +95,28 @@ def benchmark_rope_kernels_multi_lora(
torch.cuda.synchronize()
if __name__ == '__main__':
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = FlexibleArgumentParser(
description="Benchmark the rotary embedding kernels.")
description="Benchmark the rotary embedding kernels."
)
parser.add_argument("--is-neox-style", type=bool, default=True)
parser.add_argument("--batch-size", type=int, default=16)
parser.add_argument("--seq-len", type=int, default=512)
parser.add_argument("--num-heads", type=int, default=8)
parser.add_argument("--head-size",
type=int,
choices=[64, 80, 96, 112, 120, 128, 192, 256],
default=128)
parser.add_argument(
"--head-size",
type=int,
choices=[64, 80, 96, 112, 120, 128, 192, 256],
default=128,
)
parser.add_argument("--rotary-dim", type=int, choices=[16, 32], default=32)
parser.add_argument("--dtype",
type=str,
choices=["bfloat16", "float"],
default="float")
parser.add_argument(
"--dtype", type=str, choices=["bfloat16", "float"], default="float"
)
parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=0)
parser.add_argument("--device",
type=str,
choices=["cuda:0", "cuda:1"],
default="cuda:0")
parser.add_argument(
"--device", type=str, choices=["cuda:0", "cuda:1"], default="cuda:0"
)
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args)
......
benchmarks/kernels/benchmark_shapes.py
View file @ 7029c9cc
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
WEIGHT_SHAPES = {
"ideal": [[4 * 256 * 32, 256 * 32]],
"mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1/TP1": [
......@@ -73,3 +76,19 @@ WEIGHT_SHAPES = {
[7168, 8192],
],
}
WEIGHT_SHAPES_MOE = {
"nm-testing/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1": [
[8, 2, 4096, 28672],
[8, 2, 14336, 4096],
],
"nm-testing/deepseekv2-lite": [
[64, 6, 2048, 1408],
],
"ibm-granite/granite-3.0-1b-a400m": [
[32, 8, 1024, 1024],
],
"ibm-granite/granite-3.0-3b-a800m": [
[40, 8, 1024, 1536],
],
}
benchmarks/kernels/benchmark_w8a8_block_fp8.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 7029c9cc
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
# Adapted from sglang quantization/tuning_block_wise_kernel.py
import argparse
import json
import multiprocessing as mp
import os
import time
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Any
import torch
import tqdm
import triton
from vllm.model_executor.layers.quantization.utils.fp8_utils import (
_w8a8_block_fp8_matmul,
)
from vllm.platforms import current_platform
from vllm.utils import FlexibleArgumentParser
mp.set_start_method("spawn", force=True)
assert current_platform.is_cuda(), (
"Only support tune w8a8 block fp8 kernel on CUDA device."
)
DTYPE_MAP = {
"float32": torch.float32,
"float16": torch.float16,
"half": torch.half,
"bfloat16": torch.bfloat16,
}
def w8a8_block_matmul(
A: torch.Tensor,
B: torch.Tensor,
As: torch.Tensor,
Bs: torch.Tensor,
block_size: list[int],
config: dict[str, Any],
output_dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float16,
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""This function performs matrix multiplication with
block-wise quantization.
It takes two input tensors `A` and `B` with scales `As` and `Bs`.
The output is returned in the specified `output_dtype`.
Args:
A: The input tensor, e.g., activation.
B: The input tensor, e.g., weight.
As: The per-token-group quantization scale for `A`.
Bs: The per-block quantization scale for `B`.
block_size: The block size for per-block quantization.
It should be 2-dim, e.g., [128, 128].
output_dytpe: The dtype of the returned tensor.
Returns:
torch.Tensor: The result of matmul.
"""
assert len(block_size) == 2
block_n, block_k = block_size[0], block_size[1]
assert A.shape[-1] == B.shape[-1]
assert A.shape[:-1] == As.shape[:-1] and A.is_contiguous()
assert triton.cdiv(A.shape[-1], block_k) == As.shape[-1]
M = A.numel() // A.shape[-1]
assert B.ndim == 2 and B.is_contiguous() and Bs.ndim == 2
N, K = B.shape
assert triton.cdiv(N, block_n) == Bs.shape[0]
assert triton.cdiv(K, block_k) == Bs.shape[1]
C_shape = A.shape[:-1] + (N,)
C = A.new_empty(C_shape, dtype=output_dtype)
def grid(META):
return (
triton.cdiv(M, META["BLOCK_SIZE_M"]) * triton.cdiv(N, META["BLOCK_SIZE_N"]),
)
if A.dtype == torch.float8_e4m3fn:
kernel = _w8a8_block_fp8_matmul
else:
raise RuntimeError("Currently, only support tune w8a8 block fp8 kernel.")
kernel[grid](
A,
B,
C,
As,
Bs,
M,
N,
K,
block_n,
block_k,
A.stride(-2),
A.stride(-1),
B.stride(1),
B.stride(0),
C.stride(-2),
C.stride(-1),
As.stride(-2),
As.stride(-1),
Bs.stride(1),
Bs.stride(0),
**config,
)
return C
def get_configs_compute_bound():
configs = []
for num_stages in [2, 3, 4, 5]:
for block_m in [16, 32, 64, 128, 256]:
for block_k in [64, 128]:
for block_n in [32, 64, 128, 256]:
for num_warps in [4, 8]:
for group_size in [1, 16, 32, 64]:
configs.append(
{
"BLOCK_SIZE_M": block_m,
"BLOCK_SIZE_N": block_n,
"BLOCK_SIZE_K": block_k,
"GROUP_SIZE_M": group_size,
"num_warps": num_warps,
"num_stages": num_stages,
}
)
return configs
def get_weight_shapes(tp_size):
# NOTE(HandH1998): The weight shapes only works for DeepSeek-V3.
# Modify them, if you tune for another different model.
# cannot TP
total = [
(512 + 64, 7168),
((128 + 64) * 128, 7168),
(128 * (128 + 128), 512),
(7168, 16384),
(7168, 18432),
]
# N can TP
n_tp = [
(18432 * 2, 7168),
((128 + 64) * 128, 7168),
(128 * (128 + 128), 512),
(24576, 1536),
(12288, 7168),
(4096, 7168),
]
# K can TP
k_tp = [(7168, 18432), (7168, 16384), (7168, 2048)]
weight_shapes = []
for t in total:
weight_shapes.append(t)
for n_t in n_tp:
new_t = (n_t[0] // tp_size, n_t[1])
weight_shapes.append(new_t)
for k_t in k_tp:
new_t = (k_t[0], k_t[1] // tp_size)
weight_shapes.append(new_t)
return weight_shapes
def benchmark_config(
A, B, As, Bs, block_size, config, out_dtype=torch.float16, num_iters=10
):
def run():
w8a8_block_matmul(A, B, As, Bs, block_size, config, out_dtype)
torch.cuda.synchronize()
# JIT complication & warmup
for _ in range(5):
run()
torch.cuda.synchronize()
start_event = torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
end_event = torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
latencies: list[float] = []
for i in range(num_iters):
torch.cuda.synchronize()
start_event.record()
run()
end_event.record()
end_event.synchronize()
latencies.append(start_event.elapsed_time(end_event))
avg = sum(latencies) / (num_iters * 10) * 1000 # us
return avg
def tune(M, N, K, block_size, out_dtype, search_space, input_type):
factor_for_scale = 1e-2
if input_type == "fp8":
fp8_info = torch.finfo(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
fp8_max, fp8_min = fp8_info.max, fp8_info.min
A_fp32 = (
(torch.rand(M, K, dtype=torch.float32, device="cuda") - 0.5) * 2 * fp8_max
)
A = A_fp32.clamp(min=fp8_min, max=fp8_max).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
B_fp32 = (
(torch.rand(N, K, dtype=torch.float32, device="cuda") - 0.5) * 2 * fp8_max
)
B = B_fp32.clamp(min=fp8_min, max=fp8_max).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
else:
raise RuntimeError("Currently, only support tune w8a8 block fp8 kernel.")
block_n, block_k = block_size[0], block_size[1]
n_tiles = (N + block_n - 1) // block_n
k_tiles = (K + block_k - 1) // block_k
As = torch.rand(M, k_tiles, dtype=torch.float32, device="cuda") * factor_for_scale
Bs = (
torch.rand(n_tiles, k_tiles, dtype=torch.float32, device="cuda")
* factor_for_scale
)
best_config = None
best_time = float("inf")
for config in tqdm(search_space):
try:
kernel_time = benchmark_config(
A,
B,
As,
Bs,
block_size,
config,
out_dtype,
num_iters=10,
)
except triton.runtime.autotuner.OutOfResources:
# Some configurations may be invalid and fail to compile.
continue
if kernel_time < best_time:
best_time = kernel_time
best_config = config
now = datetime.now()
print(f"{now.ctime()}] Completed tuning for batch_size={M}")
assert best_config is not None
return best_config
def save_configs(
N,
K,
block_n,
block_k,
configs,
save_path,
input_type="fp8",
) -> None:
os.makedirs(save_path, exist_ok=True)
device_name = current_platform.get_device_name().replace(" ", "_")
json_file_name = (
f"N={N},K={K},device_name={device_name},dtype={input_type}_w8a8,"
f"block_shape=[{block_n},{block_k}].json"
)
config_file_path = os.path.join(save_path, json_file_name)
print(f"Writing best config to {config_file_path}...")
with open(config_file_path, "w") as f:
json.dump(configs, f, indent=4)
f.write("\n")
def tune_on_gpu(args_dict):
"""Run tuning on a specific GPU."""
gpu_id = args_dict["gpu_id"]
batch_sizes = args_dict["batch_sizes"]
weight_shapes = args_dict["weight_shapes"]
args = args_dict["args"]
torch.cuda.set_device(gpu_id)
print(f"Starting tuning on GPU {gpu_id} with batch sizes {batch_sizes}")
block_n = args.block_n
block_k = args.block_k
out_dtype = DTYPE_MAP[args.out_dtype]
save_path = args.save_path
input_type = args.input_type
search_space = get_configs_compute_bound()
search_space = [
config for config in search_space if block_k % config["BLOCK_SIZE_K"] == 0
]
start = time.time()
for shape in tqdm(weight_shapes, desc=f"GPU {gpu_id} - Shapes"):
N, K = shape[0], shape[1]
print(f"[GPU {gpu_id}] Tune for weight shape of `N: {N}, K: {K}`")
benchmark_results = [
tune(
batch_size,
N,
K,
[block_n, block_k],
out_dtype,
search_space,
input_type,
)
for batch_size in tqdm(batch_sizes, desc=f"GPU {gpu_id} - Batch sizes")
]
best_configs = {M: config for M, config in zip(batch_sizes, benchmark_results)}
save_configs(N, K, block_n, block_k, best_configs, save_path, input_type)
end = time.time()
print(f"Tuning on GPU {gpu_id} took {end - start:.2f} seconds")
def distribute_batch_sizes(batch_sizes, num_gpus):
"""Distribute batch sizes across available GPUs."""
batches_per_gpu = []
for i in range(num_gpus):
start_idx = i * len(batch_sizes) // num_gpus
end_idx = (i + 1) * len(batch_sizes) // num_gpus
batches_per_gpu.append(batch_sizes[start_idx:end_idx])
return batches_per_gpu
def main(args):
print(args)
num_gpus = torch.cuda.device_count()
if num_gpus == 0:
raise RuntimeError("No GPU available for tuning")
print(f"Found {num_gpus} GPUs for parallel tuning")
torch.cuda.init()
if args.batch_size is None:
batch_sizes = [
1,
2,
4,
8,
16,
24,
32,
48,
64,
96,
128,
256,
512,
1024,
1536,
2048,
3072,
4096,
]
else:
batch_sizes = [args.batch_size]
num_gpus = 1 # If only one batch size, use only one GPU
weight_shapes = get_weight_shapes(args.tp_size)
batches_per_gpu = distribute_batch_sizes(batch_sizes, num_gpus)
process_args = []
for gpu_id in range(num_gpus):
process_args.append(
{
"gpu_id": gpu_id,
"batch_sizes": batches_per_gpu[gpu_id],
"weight_shapes": weight_shapes, # Each GPU processes all weight shapes
"args": args,
}
)
ctx = mp.get_context("spawn")
with ctx.Pool(num_gpus) as pool:
pool.map(tune_on_gpu, process_args)
print("Multi-GPU tuning completed")
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = FlexibleArgumentParser(
description="""
Tune triton w8a8 block fp8 for DeepSeek-V3/DeepSeek-R1:
python3 benchmark_w8a8_block_fp8.py --tp-size 8 --input-type fp8
Then copy to model_executor/layers/quantization/utils/configs
""",
formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
)
parser.add_argument("--tp-size", "-tp", type=int, default=8)
parser.add_argument("--input-type", type=str, choices=["fp8"], default="fp8")
parser.add_argument(
"--out-dtype",
type=str,
choices=["float32", "float16", "bfloat16", "half"],
default="float16",
)
parser.add_argument("--block-n", type=int, default=128)
parser.add_argument("--block-k", type=int, default=128)
parser.add_argument("--batch-size", type=int, required=False)
parser.add_argument("--save-path", type=str, default="./")
args = parser.parse_args()
main(args)
benchmarks/kernels/deepgemm/README.md 0 → 100644
View file @ 7029c9cc
# DeepSeek DeepGEMM Kernels Benchmark
This directory includes benchmarks between DeepSeek's DeepGEMM block fp8 kernels against vLLM's existing triton and CUTLASS-based kernels.
Currently this just includes dense GEMMs and only works on Hopper GPUs.
## Setup
You need to install vLLM in your usual fashion, then install DeepGEMM from source in its own directory:
```
git clone --recursive https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepGEMM
cd DeepGEMM
python setup.py install
uv pip install -e .
```
## Usage
```
python benchmark_fp8_block_dense_gemm.py
INFO 02-26 21:55:13 [__init__.py:207] Automatically detected platform cuda.
===== STARTING FP8 GEMM BENCHMARK =====
PyTorch version: 2.5.1+cu124
CUDA version: 12.4
Triton version: 3.1.0
Using device: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3
WARNING 02-26 21:55:15 [fp8_utils.py:458] Using default W8A8 Block FP8 kernel config. Performance might be sub-optimal! Config file not found at /home/mgoin/code/vllm/vllm/model_executor/layers/quantization/utils/configs/N=4096,K=7168,device_name=NVIDIA_H100_80GB_HBM3,dtype=fp8_w8a8,block_shape=[128,128].json
INFO 02-26 21:55:15 [fp8_utils.py:449] Using configuration from /home/mgoin/code/vllm/vllm/model_executor/layers/quantization/utils/configs/N=7168,K=18432,device_name=NVIDIA_H100_80GB_HBM3,dtype=fp8_w8a8,block_shape=[128,128].json for W8A8 Block FP8 kernel.
WARNING 02-26 21:55:16 [fp8_utils.py:458] Using default W8A8 Block FP8 kernel config. Performance might be sub-optimal! Config file not found at /home/mgoin/code/vllm/vllm/model_executor/layers/quantization/utils/configs/N=18432,K=7168,device_name=NVIDIA_H100_80GB_HBM3,dtype=fp8_w8a8,block_shape=[128,128].json
WARNING 02-26 21:55:17 [fp8_utils.py:458] Using default W8A8 Block FP8 kernel config. Performance might be sub-optimal! Config file not found at /home/mgoin/code/vllm/vllm/model_executor/layers/quantization/utils/configs/N=24576,K=1536,device_name=NVIDIA_H100_80GB_HBM3,dtype=fp8_w8a8,block_shape=[128,128].json
INFO 02-26 21:55:17 [fp8_utils.py:449] Using configuration from /home/mgoin/code/vllm/vllm/model_executor/layers/quantization/utils/configs/N=32768,K=512,device_name=NVIDIA_H100_80GB_HBM3,dtype=fp8_w8a8,block_shape=[128,128].json for W8A8 Block FP8 kernel.
INFO 02-26 21:55:17 [fp8_utils.py:449] Using configuration from /home/mgoin/code/vllm/vllm/model_executor/layers/quantization/utils/configs/N=7168,K=16384,device_name=NVIDIA_H100_80GB_HBM3,dtype=fp8_w8a8,block_shape=[128,128].json for W8A8 Block FP8 kernel.
===== PERFORMANCE COMPARISON =====
DeepGEMM Implementation:
+------+-------+-------+-----------+--------+--------+
| m | n | k | Time (μs) | TFLOPS | GB/s |
+------+-------+-------+-----------+--------+--------+
| 8 | 4096 | 7168 | 102.9 | 4.6 | 286.4 |
| 8 | 7168 | 18432 | 70.8 | 29.8 | 1868.8 |
| 8 | 18432 | 7168 | 69.3 | 30.5 | 1911.8 |
| 64 | 4096 | 7168 | 69.1 | 54.4 | 439.0 |
| 64 | 7168 | 18432 | 69.4 | 243.6 | 1933.6 |
| 64 | 18432 | 7168 | 70.4 | 240.3 | 1917.2 |
| 64 | 24576 | 1536 | 70.1 | 68.9 | 584.6 |
| 64 | 32768 | 512 | 68.4 | 31.4 | 307.1 |
| 64 | 7168 | 16384 | 69.5 | 216.3 | 1718.5 |
| 128 | 4096 | 7168 | 141.1 | 53.3 | 222.1 |
| 128 | 7168 | 18432 | 71.9 | 470.5 | 1896.1 |
| 128 | 18432 | 7168 | 69.3 | 488.2 | 1988.2 |
| 1024 | 4096 | 7168 | 89.7 | 670.1 | 502.5 |
| 1024 | 18432 | 7168 | 279.0 | 969.8 | 635.2 |
| 2048 | 4096 | 7168 | 175.1 | 687.0 | 347.4 |
| 4096 | 4096 | 7168 | 335.4 | 717.0 | 275.1 |
+------+-------+-------+-----------+--------+--------+
vLLM Triton Implementation:
+------+-------+-------+-----------+--------+--------+--------------+
| m | n | k | Time (μs) | TFLOPS | GB/s | vs DeepGEMM |
+------+-------+-------+-----------+--------+--------+--------------+
| 8 | 4096 | 7168 | 74.0 | 6.3 | 398.2 | 1.39x faster |
| 8 | 7168 | 18432 | 89.6 | 23.6 | 1478.1 | 0.79x slower |
| 8 | 18432 | 7168 | 113.2 | 18.7 | 1170.4 | 0.61x slower |
| 64 | 4096 | 7168 | 79.4 | 47.3 | 382.2 | 0.87x slower |
| 64 | 7168 | 18432 | 98.5 | 171.7 | 1363.0 | 0.70x slower |
| 64 | 18432 | 7168 | 119.5 | 141.5 | 1129.4 | 0.59x slower |
| 64 | 24576 | 1536 | 37.6 | 128.4 | 1089.7 | 1.86x faster |
| 64 | 32768 | 512 | 38.7 | 55.5 | 542.6 | 1.77x faster |
| 64 | 7168 | 16384 | 86.1 | 174.5 | 1386.4 | 0.81x slower |
| 128 | 4096 | 7168 | 90.7 | 82.9 | 345.4 | 1.56x faster |
| 128 | 7168 | 18432 | 144.0 | 234.9 | 946.9 | 0.50x slower |
| 128 | 18432 | 7168 | 229.5 | 147.4 | 600.1 | 0.30x slower |
| 1024 | 4096 | 7168 | 242.3 | 248.2 | 186.1 | 0.37x slower |
| 1024 | 18432 | 7168 | 897.8 | 301.4 | 197.4 | 0.31x slower |
| 2048 | 4096 | 7168 | 463.0 | 259.7 | 131.4 | 0.38x slower |
| 4096 | 4096 | 7168 | 901.8 | 266.7 | 102.3 | 0.37x slower |
+------+-------+-------+-----------+--------+--------+--------------+
vLLM CUTLASS Implementation:
+------+-------+-------+-----------+--------+--------+--------------+--------------+
| m | n | k | Time (μs) | TFLOPS | GB/s | vs DeepGEMM | vs Triton |
+------+-------+-------+-----------+--------+--------+--------------+--------------+
| 8 | 4096 | 7168 | 34.6 | 13.6 | 852.3 | 2.98x faster | 2.14x faster |
| 8 | 7168 | 18432 | 78.9 | 26.8 | 1677.3 | 0.90x slower | 1.13x faster |
| 8 | 18432 | 7168 | 81.2 | 26.0 | 1631.1 | 0.85x slower | 1.39x faster |
| 64 | 4096 | 7168 | 36.9 | 101.9 | 822.9 | 1.87x faster | 2.15x faster |
| 64 | 7168 | 18432 | 87.4 | 193.4 | 1535.2 | 0.79x slower | 1.13x faster |
| 64 | 18432 | 7168 | 85.0 | 199.0 | 1587.6 | 0.83x slower | 1.41x faster |
| 64 | 24576 | 1536 | 28.0 | 172.8 | 1465.8 | 2.51x faster | 1.35x faster |
| 64 | 32768 | 512 | 28.8 | 74.5 | 728.5 | 2.37x faster | 1.34x faster |
| 64 | 7168 | 16384 | 77.9 | 193.0 | 1532.8 | 0.89x slower | 1.11x faster |
| 128 | 4096 | 7168 | 39.1 | 192.4 | 802.0 | 3.61x faster | 2.32x faster |
| 128 | 7168 | 18432 | 93.7 | 360.8 | 1454.2 | 0.77x slower | 1.54x faster |
| 128 | 18432 | 7168 | 85.7 | 394.8 | 1608.0 | 0.81x slower | 2.68x faster |
| 1024 | 4096 | 7168 | 99.7 | 603.1 | 452.2 | 0.90x slower | 2.43x faster |
| 1024 | 18432 | 7168 | 331.3 | 816.7 | 534.9 | 0.84x slower | 2.71x faster |
| 2048 | 4096 | 7168 | 198.3 | 606.6 | 306.7 | 0.88x slower | 2.34x faster |
| 4096 | 4096 | 7168 | 392.2 | 613.2 | 235.3 | 0.86x slower | 2.30x faster |
+------+-------+-------+-----------+--------+--------+--------------+--------------+
===== AVERAGE PERFORMANCE =====
+----------------+------------+----------+---------------+
| Implementation | Avg TFLOPS | Avg GB/s | Avg Time (ms) |
+----------------+------------+----------+---------------+
| DeepGEMM | 310.98 | 1052.10 | 0.11 |
| vLLM Triton | 144.30 | 715.60 | 0.23 |
| vLLM CUTLASS | 286.78 | 1076.67 | 0.11 |
+----------------+------------+----------+---------------+
===== AVERAGE SPEEDUPS =====
+-----------------------------+--------------+
| Comparison | Speedup |
+-----------------------------+--------------+
| DeepGEMM vs vLLM Triton | 1.71x faster |
| DeepGEMM vs vLLM CUTLASS | 0.94x slower |
| vLLM CUTLASS vs vLLM Triton | 1.84x faster |
+-----------------------------+--------------+
===== ACCURACY COMPARISON =====
+----------------+-----------------------+
| Implementation | Avg Diff vs Reference |
+----------------+-----------------------+
| DeepGEMM | 0.000684 |
| vLLM Triton | 0.000684 |
| vLLM CUTLASS | 0.000684 |
+----------------+-----------------------+
```
benchmarks/kernels/deepgemm/benchmark_fp8_block_dense_gemm.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 7029c9cc
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
# fmt: off
# ruff: noqa: E501
import time
# Import DeepGEMM functions
import deep_gemm
import torch
from deep_gemm import calc_diff, ceil_div, get_col_major_tma_aligned_tensor
# Import vLLM functions
from vllm import _custom_ops as ops
from vllm.model_executor.layers.quantization.utils.fp8_utils import (
per_token_group_quant_fp8,
w8a8_block_fp8_matmul,
)
from vllm.triton_utils import triton
# Copied from
# https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepGEMM/blob/78cacf70d41d15d688bd493ebc85845f7f2a3d5d/tests/test_core.py#L9
def per_token_cast_to_fp8(
x: torch.Tensor) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
"""Convert tensor to FP8 format with per-token scaling."""
assert x.dim() == 2 and x.size(1) % 128 == 0
m, n = x.shape
x_view = x.view(m, -1, 128)
x_amax = x_view.abs().float().amax(dim=2).view(m, -1).clamp(1e-4)
return (x_view * (448.0 / x_amax.unsqueeze(2))).to(
torch.float8_e4m3fn).view(m, n), (x_amax / 448.0).view(m, -1)
# Copied from
# https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepGEMM/blob/78cacf70d41d15d688bd493ebc85845f7f2a3d5d/tests/test_core.py#L17
def per_block_cast_to_fp8(
x: torch.Tensor) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
"""Convert tensor to FP8 format with per-block scaling."""
assert x.dim() == 2
m, n = x.shape
x_padded = torch.zeros((ceil_div(m, 128) * 128, ceil_div(n, 128) * 128),
dtype=x.dtype,
device=x.device)
x_padded[:m, :n] = x
x_view = x_padded.view(-1, 128, x_padded.size(1) // 128, 128)
x_amax = x_view.abs().float().amax(dim=(1, 3), keepdim=True).clamp(1e-4)
x_scaled = (x_view * (448.0 / x_amax)).to(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
return x_scaled.view_as(x_padded)[:m, :n].contiguous(), (
x_amax / 448.0).view(x_view.size(0), x_view.size(2))
def benchmark_shape(m: int,
n: int,
k: int,
warmup: int = 100,
repeat: int = 10000,
verbose: bool = False) -> dict:
"""Benchmark all implementations for a specific (m, n, k) shape."""
if verbose:
print(f"\n=== Benchmarking shape: m={m}, n={n}, k={k} ===")
# Create test tensors
A = torch.randn((m, k), device='cuda', dtype=torch.bfloat16)
B = torch.randn((n, k), device='cuda', dtype=torch.bfloat16)
# Reference result in BF16
torch.cuda.synchronize()
C_ref = A @ B.t()
# Pre-quantize B for all implementations
# (weights can be pre-quantized offline)
B_deepgemm, B_scale_deepgemm = per_block_cast_to_fp8(B)
B_vllm, B_scale_vllm = per_block_cast_to_fp8(B)
# Block size configuration
block_size = [128, 128]
# Pre-quantize A for all implementations
A_deepgemm, A_scale_deepgemm = per_token_cast_to_fp8(A)
A_scale_deepgemm = get_col_major_tma_aligned_tensor(A_scale_deepgemm)
C_deepgemm = torch.empty((m, n), device='cuda', dtype=torch.bfloat16)
A_vllm, A_scale_vllm = per_token_group_quant_fp8(A, block_size[1])
A_vllm_cutlass, A_scale_vllm_cutlass = per_token_group_quant_fp8(
A, block_size[1], column_major_scales=True)
# === DeepGEMM Implementation ===
def deepgemm_gemm():
deep_gemm.gemm_fp8_fp8_bf16_nt((A_deepgemm, A_scale_deepgemm),
(B_deepgemm, B_scale_deepgemm),
C_deepgemm)
return C_deepgemm
# === vLLM Triton Implementation ===
def vllm_triton_gemm():
return w8a8_block_fp8_matmul(A_vllm,
B_vllm,
A_scale_vllm,
B_scale_vllm,
block_size,
output_dtype=torch.bfloat16)
# === vLLM CUTLASS Implementation ===
def vllm_cutlass_gemm():
return ops.cutlass_scaled_mm(A_vllm_cutlass,
B_vllm.T,
scale_a=A_scale_vllm_cutlass,
scale_b=B_scale_vllm.T,
out_dtype=torch.bfloat16)
# Run correctness check first
if verbose:
print("Running correctness check...")
C_deepgemm = deepgemm_gemm()
C_vllm_triton = vllm_triton_gemm()
C_vllm_cutlass = vllm_cutlass_gemm()
deepgemm_diff = calc_diff(C_deepgemm, C_ref)
vllm_triton_diff = calc_diff(C_vllm_triton, C_ref)
vllm_cutlass_diff = calc_diff(C_vllm_cutlass, C_ref)
if verbose:
print(f"DeepGEMM vs Reference difference: {deepgemm_diff:.6f}")
print(f"vLLM Triton vs Reference difference: {vllm_triton_diff:.6f}")
print(f"vLLM CUTLASS vs Reference difference: {vllm_cutlass_diff:.6f}")
print("vLLM Triton vs DeepGEMM difference: "
f"{calc_diff(C_vllm_triton, C_deepgemm):.6f}")
print("vLLM CUTLASS vs DeepGEMM difference: "
f"{calc_diff(C_vllm_cutlass, C_deepgemm):.6f}")
# Benchmark implementations
implementations = {
"DeepGEMM": deepgemm_gemm,
"vLLM Triton": vllm_triton_gemm,
"vLLM CUTLASS": vllm_cutlass_gemm
}
benchmark_results = {
"shape": {
"m": m,
"n": n,
"k": k
},
"implementations": {}
}
for name, func in implementations.items():
# Warmup
for _ in range(warmup):
func()
torch.cuda.synchronize()
# Timing loop
torch.cuda.synchronize()
start = time.time()
for _ in range(repeat):
func()
torch.cuda.synchronize()
end = time.time()
# Calculate timing and TFLOPS
avg_time_ms = (end - start) / repeat * 1000
avg_time_us = avg_time_ms * 1000
tflops = 2 * m * n * k / (avg_time_ms * 1e-3) / 1e12
gb_s = (m * k + k * n + m * n * 2) / 1e9 / (avg_time_ms * 1e-3)
benchmark_results["implementations"][name] = {
"time_ms": avg_time_ms,
"time_us": avg_time_us,
"tflops": tflops,
"gb_s": gb_s,
"diff": {
"DeepGEMM":
0.0 if name == "DeepGEMM" else calc_diff(func(), C_deepgemm),
"Reference":
deepgemm_diff if name == "DeepGEMM" else
(vllm_triton_diff
if name == "vLLM Triton" else vllm_cutlass_diff)
}
}
if verbose:
print(
f"{name}: {avg_time_ms:.3f} ms, {tflops:.2f} TFLOPS, {gb_s:.2f} GB/s"
)
# Calculate speedups
baseline = benchmark_results["implementations"]["DeepGEMM"]["time_ms"]
for name, data in benchmark_results["implementations"].items():
if name != "DeepGEMM":
speedup = baseline / data["time_ms"]
benchmark_results["implementations"][name][
"speedup_vs_deepgemm"] = speedup
if verbose:
print(f"DeepGEMM is {1/speedup:.2f}x "
f"{'faster' if 1/speedup > 1 else 'slower'} than {name}")
vllm_triton_time = benchmark_results["implementations"]["vLLM Triton"][
"time_ms"]
vllm_cutlass_time = benchmark_results["implementations"]["vLLM CUTLASS"][
"time_ms"]
cutlass_vs_triton = vllm_triton_time / vllm_cutlass_time
benchmark_results["implementations"]["vLLM CUTLASS"][
"speedup_vs_triton"] = cutlass_vs_triton
if verbose:
print(
f"vLLM CUTLASS is {cutlass_vs_triton:.2f}x "
f"{'faster' if cutlass_vs_triton > 1 else 'slower'} than vLLM Triton"
)
return benchmark_results
def format_table_row(values, widths):
"""Format a row with specified column widths."""
return "| " + " | ".join(f"{val:{w}}"
for val, w in zip(values, widths)) + " |"
def print_table(headers, rows, title=None):
"""Print a table with headers and rows."""
if title:
print(f"\n{title}")
# Calculate column widths based on headers and data
widths = [
max(len(str(h)), max(len(str(row[i])) for row in rows))
for i, h in enumerate(headers)
]
# Create separator line
separator = "+-" + "-+-".join("-" * w for w in widths) + "-+"
# Print table
print(separator)
print(format_table_row(headers, widths))
print(separator)
for row in rows:
print(format_table_row(row, widths))
print(separator)
def format_speedup(value):
"""Format speedup value with indicator if it's faster or slower."""
return f"{value:.2f}x {'faster' if value > 1.0 else 'slower'}"
def run_benchmarks(verbose: bool = False):
"""Run benchmarks for a set of common shapes."""
print("===== STARTING FP8 GEMM BENCHMARK =====")
# Make sure we're using the GPU
if not torch.cuda.is_available():
print("CUDA not available! Tests require GPU.")
return
# Print system information
print(f"PyTorch version: {torch.__version__}")
print(f"CUDA version: {torch.version.cuda}")
print(f"Triton version: {triton.__version__}")
print(f"Using device: {torch.cuda.get_device_name()}")
# Enable TF32 for better performance
torch.backends.cuda.matmul.allow_tf32 = True
torch.backends.cudnn.allow_tf32 = True
# Set seeds for reproducibility
torch.manual_seed(42)
torch.cuda.manual_seed(42)
# Define benchmark shapes (m, n, k)
shapes = [
(8, 4096, 7168),
(8, 7168, 18432),
(8, 18432, 7168),
(64, 4096, 7168),
(64, 7168, 18432),
(64, 18432, 7168),
(64, 24576, 1536),
(64, 32768, 512),
(64, 7168, 16384),
(128, 4096, 7168),
(128, 7168, 18432),
(128, 18432, 7168),
(1024, 4096, 7168),
(1024, 18432, 7168),
(2048, 4096, 7168),
(4096, 4096, 7168),
]
shapes = [
# (64, 2112, 7168),
(64, 24576, 1536),
(64, 32768, 512),
(64, 7168, 16384),
(64, 4096, 7168),
(64, 7168, 2048),
# (128, 2112, 7168),
(128, 24576, 1536),
(128, 32768, 512),
(128, 7168, 16384),
(128, 4096, 7168),
(128, 7168, 2048),
# (4096, 2112, 7168),
(4096, 24576, 1536),
(4096, 32768, 512),
(4096, 7168, 16384),
(4096, 4096, 7168),
(4096, 7168, 2048),
]
all_results = []
for m, n, k in shapes:
result = benchmark_shape(m, n, k, verbose=verbose)
all_results.append(result)
# Print results in a nicely formatted table
print("\n===== PERFORMANCE COMPARISON =====")
# Print DeepGEMM table
deepgemm_headers = ["m", "n", "k", "Time (μs)", "TFLOPS", "GB/s"]
deepgemm_rows = []
for result in all_results:
shape = result["shape"]
impl_data = result["implementations"]["DeepGEMM"]
deepgemm_rows.append([
shape["m"], shape["n"], shape["k"], f"{impl_data['time_us']:.1f}",
f"{impl_data['tflops']:.1f}", f"{impl_data['gb_s']:.1f}"
])
print_table(deepgemm_headers,
deepgemm_rows,
title="DeepGEMM Implementation:")
# Print vLLM Triton table
triton_headers = [
"m", "n", "k", "Time (μs)", "TFLOPS", "GB/s", "vs DeepGEMM"
]
triton_rows = []
for result in all_results:
shape = result["shape"]
impl_data = result["implementations"]["vLLM Triton"]
speedup = impl_data.get("speedup_vs_deepgemm", 1.0)
triton_rows.append([
shape["m"], shape["n"], shape["k"], f"{impl_data['time_us']:.1f}",
f"{impl_data['tflops']:.1f}", f"{impl_data['gb_s']:.1f}",
format_speedup(speedup)
])
print_table(triton_headers,
triton_rows,
title="vLLM Triton Implementation:")
# Print vLLM CUTLASS table
cutlass_headers = [
"m", "n", "k", "Time (μs)", "TFLOPS", "GB/s", "vs DeepGEMM",
"vs Triton"
]
cutlass_rows = []
for result in all_results:
shape = result["shape"]
impl_data = result["implementations"]["vLLM CUTLASS"]
vs_deepgemm = impl_data.get("speedup_vs_deepgemm", 1.0)
vs_triton = impl_data.get("speedup_vs_triton", 1.0)
cutlass_rows.append([
shape["m"], shape["n"], shape["k"], f"{impl_data['time_us']:.1f}",
f"{impl_data['tflops']:.1f}", f"{impl_data['gb_s']:.1f}",
format_speedup(vs_deepgemm),
format_speedup(vs_triton)
])
print_table(cutlass_headers,
cutlass_rows,
title="vLLM CUTLASS Implementation:")
# Calculate and print averages
print("\n===== AVERAGE PERFORMANCE =====")
implementations = ["DeepGEMM", "vLLM Triton", "vLLM CUTLASS"]
avg_metrics = {
impl: {
"tflops": 0,
"gb_s": 0,
"time_ms": 0
}
for impl in implementations
}
for result in all_results:
for impl in implementations:
impl_data = result["implementations"][impl]
avg_metrics[impl]["tflops"] += impl_data["tflops"]
avg_metrics[impl]["gb_s"] += impl_data["gb_s"]
avg_metrics[impl]["time_ms"] += impl_data["time_ms"]
num_shapes = len(all_results)
avg_headers = ["Implementation", "Avg TFLOPS", "Avg GB/s", "Avg Time (ms)"]
avg_rows = []
for impl in implementations:
avg_tflops = avg_metrics[impl]["tflops"] / num_shapes
avg_mem_bw = avg_metrics[impl]["gb_s"] / num_shapes
avg_time = avg_metrics[impl]["time_ms"] / num_shapes
avg_rows.append([
impl, f"{avg_tflops:.2f}", f"{avg_mem_bw:.2f}", f"{avg_time:.2f}"
])
print_table(avg_headers, avg_rows)
# Calculate average speedups
avg_speedups = {
"DeepGEMM vs vLLM Triton": 0,
"DeepGEMM vs vLLM CUTLASS": 0,
"vLLM CUTLASS vs vLLM Triton": 0
}
for result in all_results:
deepgemm_time = result["implementations"]["DeepGEMM"]["time_ms"]
vllm_triton_time = result["implementations"]["vLLM Triton"]["time_ms"]
vllm_cutlass_time = result["implementations"]["vLLM CUTLASS"][
"time_ms"]
avg_speedups[
"DeepGEMM vs vLLM Triton"] += vllm_triton_time / deepgemm_time
avg_speedups[
"DeepGEMM vs vLLM CUTLASS"] += vllm_cutlass_time / deepgemm_time
avg_speedups[
"vLLM CUTLASS vs vLLM Triton"] += vllm_triton_time / vllm_cutlass_time
print("\n===== AVERAGE SPEEDUPS =====")
speedup_headers = ["Comparison", "Speedup"]
speedup_rows = []
for comparison, total in avg_speedups.items():
avg_speedup = total / num_shapes
status = "faster" if avg_speedup > 1 else "slower"
speedup_rows.append([comparison, f"{avg_speedup:.2f}x {status}"])
print_table(speedup_headers, speedup_rows)
# Average accuracy comparison
print("\n===== ACCURACY COMPARISON =====")
avg_diff = {impl: 0 for impl in implementations}
for result in all_results:
for impl in implementations:
avg_diff[impl] += result["implementations"][impl]["diff"][
"Reference"]
diff_headers = ["Implementation", "Avg Diff vs Reference"]
diff_rows = []
for impl in implementations:
diff_rows.append([impl, f"{avg_diff[impl] / num_shapes:.6f}"])
print_table(diff_headers, diff_rows)
if __name__ == "__main__":
run_benchmarks(verbose=False)
benchmarks/kernels/graph_machete_bench.py
View file @ 7029c9cc
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
import math
import pickle
import re
from collections import defaultdict
from typing import List
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import regex as re
import seaborn as sns
from torch.utils.benchmark import Measurement as TMeasurement
......@@ -13,17 +15,19 @@ from vllm.utils import FlexibleArgumentParser
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = FlexibleArgumentParser(
description='Benchmark the latency of processing a single batch of '
'requests till completion.')
parser.add_argument('filename', type=str)
description="Benchmark the latency of processing a single batch of "
"requests till completion."
)
parser.add_argument("filename", type=str)
args = parser.parse_args()
with open(args.filename, 'rb') as f:
data: List[TMeasurement] = pickle.load(f)
with open(args.filename, "rb") as f:
data = pickle.load(f)
raw_results: list[TMeasurement] = data["results"]
results = defaultdict(lambda: list())
for v in data:
for v in raw_results:
result = re.search(r"MKN=\(\d+x(\d+x\d+)\)", v.task_spec.sub_label)
if result is not None:
KN = result.group(1)
......@@ -36,11 +40,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
raise Exception("MKN not found")
kernel = v.task_spec.description
results[KN].append({
"kernel": kernel,
"batch_size": M,
"median": v.median
})
results[KN].append({"kernel": kernel, "batch_size": M, "median": v.median})
rows = int(math.ceil(len(results) / 2))
fig, axs = plt.subplots(rows, 2, figsize=(12, 5 * rows))
......@@ -48,14 +48,16 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
for axs_idx, (shape, data) in enumerate(results.items()):
plt.sca(axs[axs_idx])
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
sns.lineplot(data=df,
x="batch_size",
y="median",
hue="kernel",
style="kernel",
markers=True,
dashes=False,
palette="Dark2")
sns.lineplot(
data=df,
x="batch_size",
y="median",
hue="kernel",
style="kernel",
markers=True,
dashes=False,
palette="Dark2",
)
plt.title(f"Shape: {shape}")
plt.ylabel("time (median, s)")
plt.tight_layout()
......
benchmarks/kernels/utils.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 7029c9cc
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
import dataclasses
from collections.abc import Iterable
from typing import Any, Callable, Optional
import torch
import torch.utils.benchmark as TBenchmark
from torch.utils.benchmark import Measurement as TMeasurement
@dataclasses.dataclass
class CudaGraphBenchParams:
num_ops_in_cuda_graph: int
@dataclasses.dataclass
class ArgPool:
"""
When some argument of the benchmarking function is annotated with this type,
the benchmarking class (BenchMM) will collapse the argument to a pick a
single value from the given list of values, during function invocation.
For every invocation during a benchmarking run, it will choose a
different value from the list.
"""
values: Iterable[Any]
def __getitem__(self, index):
return self.values[index]
class Bench:
class ArgsIterator:
def __init__(self, args_list, kwargs_list):
assert len(args_list) == len(kwargs_list)
self.args_list = args_list
self.kwargs_list = kwargs_list
self.n = len(self.args_list)
self.idx = 0
def __next__(self):
while True:
yield (self.args_list[self.idx], self.kwargs_list[self.idx])
self.idx += 1
self.idx = self.idx % self.n
def reset(self):
self.idx = 0
@property
def n_args(self):
return self.n
def __init__(
self,
cuda_graph_params: Optional[CudaGraphBenchParams],
label: str,
sub_label: str,
description: str,
fn: Callable,
*args,
**kwargs,
):
self.cuda_graph_params = cuda_graph_params
self.use_cuda_graph = self.cuda_graph_params is not None
self.label = label
self.sub_label = sub_label
self.description = description
self.fn = fn
# Process args
self._args = args
self._kwargs = kwargs
self.args_list, self.kwargs_list = self.collapse_argpool(*args, **kwargs)
self.args_iterator = self.ArgsIterator(self.args_list, self.kwargs_list)
# Cudagraph runner
self.g = None
if self.use_cuda_graph:
self.g = self.get_cuda_graph_runner()
# benchmark run params
self.min_run_time = 1
def collapse_argpool(self, *args, **kwargs):
argpool_args = [arg for arg in args if isinstance(arg, ArgPool)] + [
arg for arg in kwargs.values() if isinstance(arg, ArgPool)
]
if len(argpool_args) == 0:
return [args], [kwargs]
# Make sure all argpools are of the same size
argpool_size = len(argpool_args[0].values)
assert all([argpool_size == len(arg.values) for arg in argpool_args])
# create copies of the args
args_list = []
kwargs_list = []
for _ in range(argpool_size):
args_list.append(args)
kwargs_list.append(kwargs.copy())
for i in range(argpool_size):
# collapse args; Just pick the ith value
args_list[i] = tuple(
[arg[i] if isinstance(arg, ArgPool) else arg for arg in args_list[i]]
)
# collapse kwargs
kwargs_i = kwargs_list[i]
arg_pool_keys = [k for k, v in kwargs_i.items() if isinstance(v, ArgPool)]
for k in arg_pool_keys:
# again just pick the ith value
kwargs_i[k] = kwargs_i[k][i]
kwargs_list[i] = kwargs_i
return args_list, kwargs_list
def get_cuda_graph_runner(self):
assert self.use_cuda_graph
assert self.args_iterator is not None
num_graph_ops = self.cuda_graph_params.num_ops_in_cuda_graph
# warmup
args_it = self.args_iterator.__next__()
for _ in range(2):
args, kwargs = next(args_it)
self.fn(*args, **kwargs)
self.args_iterator.reset()
args_it = self.args_iterator.__next__()
stream = torch.cuda.Stream()
with torch.cuda.stream(stream):
g = torch.cuda.CUDAGraph()
with torch.cuda.graph(g):
for _ in range(num_graph_ops):
args, kwargs = next(args_it)
self.fn(*args, **kwargs)
return g
def run_cudagrah(self) -> TMeasurement:
assert self.use_cuda_graph
globals = {"g": self.g}
return TBenchmark.Timer(
stmt="g.replay()",
globals=globals,
label=(
f"{self.label}"
f" | cugraph {self.cuda_graph_params.num_ops_in_cuda_graph} ops"
),
sub_label=self.sub_label,
description=self.description,
).blocked_autorange(min_run_time=self.min_run_time)
def run_eager(self) -> TMeasurement:
setup = None
stmt = None
globals = None
has_arg_pool = self.args_iterator.n_args > 1
if has_arg_pool:
setup = """
args_iterator.reset()
args_it = args_iterator.__next__()
"""
stmt = """
args, kwargs = next(args_it)
fn(*args, **kwargs)
"""
globals = {"fn": self.fn, "args_iterator": self.args_iterator}
else:
# no arg pool. Just use the args and kwargs directly
self.args_iterator.reset()
args_it = self.args_iterator.__next__()
args, kwargs = next(args_it)
setup = ""
stmt = """
fn(*args, **kwargs)
"""
globals = {"fn": self.fn, "args": args, "kwargs": kwargs}
return TBenchmark.Timer(
stmt=stmt,
setup=setup,
globals=globals,
label=self.label,
sub_label=self.sub_label,
description=self.description,
).blocked_autorange(min_run_time=self.min_run_time)
def run(self) -> TMeasurement:
timer = None
if self.use_cuda_graph: # noqa SIM108
timer = self.run_cudagrah()
else:
timer = self.run_eager()
if not timer.meets_confidence() or timer.has_warnings:
print("Doesn't meet confidence - re-running bench ...")
return self.run()
return timer
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
if exc_type:
print(f"exc type {exc_type}")
print(f"exc value {exc_value}")
print(f"exc traceback {traceback}")
benchmarks/kernels/weight_shapes.py
View file @ 7029c9cc
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
# Weight Shapes are in the format
# ([K, N], TP_SPLIT_DIM)
# Example:
......@@ -40,4 +43,56 @@ WEIGHT_SHAPES = {
([8192, 57344], 1),
([28672, 8192], 0),
],
"meta-llama/Llama-3.1-405b-hf": [
([16384, 18432], 1),
([16384, 16384], 0),
([16384, 106496], 1),
([53248, 16384], 0),
],
"meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct": [
([4096, 6144], 1),
([4096, 4096], 0),
([4096, 28672], 1),
([14336, 4096], 0),
],
"meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct": [
([8192, 10240], 1),
([8192, 8192], 0),
([8192, 57344], 1),
([28672, 8192], 0),
],
"mistralai/Mistral-Large-Instruct-2407": [
([12288, 14336], 1),
([12288, 12288], 0),
([12288, 57344], 1),
([28672, 12288], 0),
],
"Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct": [
([3584, 4608], 1),
([3584, 3584], 0),
([3584, 37888], 1),
([18944, 3584], 0),
],
"Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct": [
([5120, 7168], 1),
([5120, 5120], 0),
([5120, 55296], 1),
([27648, 5120], 0),
],
"Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct": [
([8192, 10240], 1),
([8192, 8192], 0),
([8192, 59136], 1),
([29568, 8192], 0),
],
"deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-Coder-V2-Lite-Instruct": [
([2048, 3072], 1),
([2048, 4096], 1),
([2048, 2048], 0),
([2048, 576], 0),
([2048, 21888], 1),
([10944, 2048], 0),
([2048, 2816], 1),
([1408, 2048], 0),
],
}
benchmarks/launch_tgi_server.sh deleted 100644 → 0
View file @ 0754fff3
#!/bin/bash
PORT=8000
MODEL=$1
TOKENS=$2
docker run -e HF_TOKEN=$HF_TOKEN --gpus all --shm-size 1g -p $PORT:80 \
-v $PWD/data:/data \
ghcr.io/huggingface/text-generation-inference:2.2.0 \
--model-id $MODEL \
--sharded false \
--max-input-length 1024 \
--max-total-tokens 2048 \
--max-best-of 5 \
--max-concurrent-requests 5000 \
--max-batch-total-tokens $TOKENS
benchmarks/overheads/benchmark_hashing.py
View file @ 7029c9cc
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project
import cProfile
import pstats
......@@ -5,9 +8,8 @@ from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams
from vllm.utils import FlexibleArgumentParser
# A very long prompt, total number of tokens is about 15k.
LONG_PROMPT = ["You are an expert in large language models, aren't you?"
] * 1000
LONG_PROMPT = ' '.join(LONG_PROMPT)
LONG_PROMPT = ["You are an expert in large language models, aren't you?"] * 1000
LONG_PROMPT = " ".join(LONG_PROMPT)
def main(args):
......@@ -16,7 +18,6 @@ def main(args):
enforce_eager=True,
enable_prefix_caching=True,
tensor_parallel_size=args.tensor_parallel_size,
use_v2_block_manager=args.use_v2_block_manager,
)
sampling_params = SamplingParams(temperature=0, max_tokens=args.output_len)
......@@ -29,35 +30,35 @@ def main(args):
print("------start generating------")
for i in range(3):
profiler.runctx('llm.generate(LONG_PROMPT, sampling_params)',
globals(), locals())
profiler.runctx(
"llm.generate(LONG_PROMPT, sampling_params)", globals(), locals()
)
# analyze the runtime of hashing function
stats = pstats.Stats(profiler)
stats.sort_stats('cumulative')
stats.sort_stats("cumulative")
total_time = 0
total_calls = 0
for func in stats.stats:
if 'hash_of_block' in func[2]:
if "hash_of_block" in func[2]:
total_time = stats.stats[func][3]
total_calls = stats.stats[func][0]
percentage = (total_time / stats.total_tt) * 100
print(f"Hashing took {total_time:.2f} seconds,"
f"{percentage:.2f}% of the total runtime.")
print(
f"Hashing took {total_time:.2f} seconds,{percentage:.2f}% of the total runtime."
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = FlexibleArgumentParser(
description='Benchmark the performance of hashing function in'
'automatic prefix caching.')
parser.add_argument('--model', type=str, default='lmsys/longchat-7b-16k')
parser.add_argument('--tensor-parallel-size', '-tp', type=int, default=1)
parser.add_argument('--output-len', type=int, default=10)
parser.add_argument('--enable-prefix-caching',
action='store_true',
help='enable prefix caching')
parser.add_argument('--use-v2-block-manager',
action='store_true',
help='Use BlockSpaceMangerV2')
description="Benchmark the performance of hashing function in"
"automatic prefix caching."
)
parser.add_argument("--model", type=str, default="lmsys/longchat-7b-16k")
parser.add_argument("--tensor-parallel-size", "-tp", type=int, default=1)
parser.add_argument("--output-len", type=int, default=10)
parser.add_argument(
"--enable-prefix-caching", action="store_true", help="enable prefix caching"
)
args = parser.parse_args()
main(args)
benchmarks/pyproject.toml 0 → 100644
View file @ 7029c9cc
# This local pyproject file is part of the migration from yapf to ruff format.
# It uses the same core rules as the main pyproject.toml file, but with the
# following differences:
# - ruff line length is overridden to 88
# - deprecated typing ignores (UP006, UP035) have been removed
[tool.ruff]
line-length = 88
[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
"vllm/third_party/**" = ["ALL"]
"vllm/version.py" = ["F401"]
"vllm/_version.py" = ["ALL"]
[tool.ruff.lint]
select = [
# pycodestyle
"E",
# Pyflakes
"F",
# pyupgrade
"UP",
# flake8-bugbear
"B",
# flake8-simplify
"SIM",
# isort
"I",
# flake8-logging-format
"G",
]
ignore = [
# star imports
"F405", "F403",
# lambda expression assignment
"E731",
# Loop control variable not used within loop body
"B007",
# f-string format
"UP032",
# Can remove once 3.10+ is the minimum Python version
"UP007",
]
[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
known-first-party = ["vllm"]
[tool.ruff.format]
docstring-code-format = true
\ No newline at end of file
benchmarks/run_structured_output_benchmark.sh 0 → 100755
View file @ 7029c9cc
#!/bin/bash
# default values
MODEL=${MODEL:-"Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct"}
BACKEND=${BACKEND:-"vllm"}
DATASET=${DATASET:-"xgrammar_bench"}
SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
OUTPUT_DIR=${OUTPUT_DIR:-"$SCRIPT_DIR/structured_output_benchmark_results"}
PORT=${PORT:-8000}
STRUCTURED_OUTPUT_RATIO=${STRUCTURED_OUTPUT_RATIO:-1}
TOTAL_SECONDS=${TOTAL_SECONDS:-90}
MAX_NEW_TOKENS=${MAX_NEW_TOKENS:-300}
TOKENIZER_MODE=${TOKENIZER_MODE:-"auto"}
usage() {
echo "Usage: $0 [options]"
echo "Options:"
echo " --model MODEL Model to benchmark (default: $MODEL)"
echo " --backend BACKEND Backend to use (default: $BACKEND)"
echo " --dataset DATASET Dataset to use (default: $DATASET)"
echo " --max-new-tokens N Maximum number of tokens to generate (default: $MAX_NEW_TOKENS)"
echo " --output-dir DIR Output directory for results (default: $OUTPUT_DIR)"
echo " --port PORT Port to use (default: $PORT)"
echo " --structured-output-ratio N Ratio of structured outputs (default: $STRUCTURED_OUTPUT_RATIO)"
echo " --tokenizer-mode MODE Tokenizer mode to use (default: $TOKENIZER_MODE)"
echo " --total-seconds N Total seconds to run the benchmark (default: $TOTAL_SECONDS)"
echo " -h, --help Show this help message and exit"
exit 0
}
# parse command line arguments
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
case $1 in
--model)
MODEL="$2"
shift 2
;;
--backend)
BACKEND="$2"
shift 2
;;
--dataset)
DATASET="$2"
shift 2
;;
--max-new-tokens)
MAX_NEW_TOKENS="$2"
shift 2
;;
--output-dir)
OUTPUT_DIR="$2"
shift 2
;;
--port)
PORT="$2"
shift 2
;;
--structured-output-ratio)
STRUCTURED_OUTPUT_RATIO="$2"
shift 2
;;
--tokenizer-mode)
TOKENIZER_MODE="$2"
shift 2
;;
--total-seconds)
TOTAL_SECONDS="$2"
shift 2
;;
-h|--help)
usage
;;
*)
echo "Unknown argument: $1\n"
usage
;;
esac
done
# Create output directory if it doesn't exist
mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"
# Define QPS values to test
QPS_VALUES=(25 20 15 10 5 1)
# Common parameters
COMMON_PARAMS="--backend $BACKEND \
--model $MODEL \
--dataset $DATASET \
--structured-output-ratio $STRUCTURED_OUTPUT_RATIO \
--save-results \
--result-dir $OUTPUT_DIR \
--output-len $MAX_NEW_TOKENS \
--port $PORT \
--tokenizer-mode $TOKENIZER_MODE"
echo "Starting structured output benchmark with model: $MODEL"
echo "Backend: $BACKEND"
echo "Dataset: $DATASET"
echo "Results will be saved to: $OUTPUT_DIR"
echo "----------------------------------------"
# Run benchmarks with different QPS values
for qps in "${QPS_VALUES[@]}"; do
echo "Running benchmark with QPS: $qps"
# Get git hash and branch for the filename
GIT_HASH=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown")
GIT_BRANCH=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown")
# Construct filename for this run
FILENAME="${BACKEND}_${qps}qps_$(basename $MODEL)_${DATASET}_${GIT_HASH}.json"
NUM_PROMPTS=$(echo "$TOTAL_SECONDS * $qps" | bc)
NUM_PROMPTS=${NUM_PROMPTS%.*} # Remove fractional part
echo "Running benchmark with $NUM_PROMPTS prompts"
# Run the benchmark
python "$SCRIPT_DIR/benchmark_serving_structured_output.py" $COMMON_PARAMS \
--request-rate $qps \
--result-filename "$FILENAME" \
--num-prompts $NUM_PROMPTS
echo "Completed benchmark with QPS: $qps"
echo "----------------------------------------"
done
echo "All benchmarks completed!"
echo "Results saved to: $OUTPUT_DIR"
benchmarks/structured_schemas/structured_schema_1.json 0 → 100644
View file @ 7029c9cc
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"name": { "type": "string" },
"email": { "type": "string" },
"street": { "type": "string" },
"city": { "type": "string" },
"state": { "type": "string" },
"zip": { "type": "string" },
"phone": { "type": "string" },
"website": { "type": "string" },
"company": { "type": "string" },
"age": { "type": "integer" }
},
"required": [
"name",
"email"
]
}
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