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# Outpainting
Outpainting extends an image beyond its original boundaries, allowing you to add, replace, or modify visual elements in an image while preserving the original image. Like [inpainting](../using-diffusers/inpaint), you want to fill the white area (in this case, the area outside of the original image) with new visual elements while keeping the original image (represented by a mask of black pixels). There are a couple of ways to outpaint, such as with a [ControlNet](https://hf.co/blog/OzzyGT/outpainting-controlnet) or with [Differential Diffusion](https://hf.co/blog/OzzyGT/outpainting-differential-diffusion).
This guide will show you how to outpaint with an inpainting model, ControlNet, and a ZoeDepth estimator.
Before you begin, make sure you have the [controlnet_aux](https://github.com/huggingface/controlnet_aux) library installed so you can use the ZoeDepth estimator.
```py
!pipinstall-qcontrolnet_aux
```
## Image preparation
Start by picking an image to outpaint with and remove the background with a Space like [BRIA-RMBG-1.4](https://hf.co/spaces/briaai/BRIA-RMBG-1.4).
<iframe
src="https://briaai-bria-rmbg-1-4.hf.space"
frameborder="0"
width="850"
height="450"
></iframe>
For example, remove the background from this image of a pair of shoes.
[Stable Diffusion XL (SDXL)](../using-diffusers/sdxl) models work best with 1024x1024 images, but you can resize the image to any size as long as your hardware has enough memory to support it. The transparent background in the image should also be replaced with a white background. Create a function (like the one below) that scales and pastes the image onto a white background.
To avoid adding unwanted extra details, use the ZoeDepth estimator to provide additional guidance during generation and to ensure the shoes remain consistent with the original image.
Once your image is ready, you can generate content in the white area around the shoes with [controlnet-inpaint-dreamer-sdxl](https://hf.co/destitech/controlnet-inpaint-dreamer-sdxl), a SDXL ControlNet trained for inpainting.
Load the inpainting ControlNet, ZoeDepth model, VAE and pass them to the [`StableDiffusionXLControlNetPipeline`]. Then you can create an optional `generate_image` function (for convenience) to outpaint an initial image.
> Now is a good time to free up some memory if you're running low!
>
> ```py
> pipeline=None
> torch.cuda.empty_cache()
> ```
Now that you have an initial outpainted image, load the [`StableDiffusionXLInpaintPipeline`] with the [RealVisXL](https://hf.co/SG161222/RealVisXL_V4.0) model to generate the final outpainted image with better quality.
Prepare a mask for the final outpainted image. To create a more natural transition between the original image and the outpainted background, blur the mask to help it blend better.
Create a better prompt and pass it to the `generate_outpaint` function to generate the final outpainted image. Again, paste the original image over the final outpainted background.
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# Configuration
Schedulers from [`~schedulers.scheduling_utils.SchedulerMixin`] and models from [`ModelMixin`] inherit from [`ConfigMixin`] which stores all the parameters that are passed to their respective `__init__` methods in a JSON-configuration file.
<Tip>
To use private or [gated](https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/models-gated#gated-models) models, log-in with `huggingface-cli login`.
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# VAE Image Processor
The [`VaeImageProcessor`] provides a unified API for [`StableDiffusionPipeline`]s to prepare image inputs for VAE encoding and post-processing outputs once they're decoded. This includes transformations such as resizing, normalization, and conversion between PIL Image, PyTorch, and NumPy arrays.
All pipelines with [`VaeImageProcessor`] accept PIL Image, PyTorch tensor, or NumPy arrays as image inputs and return outputs based on the `output_type` argument by the user. You can pass encoded image latents directly to the pipeline and return latents from the pipeline as a specific output with the `output_type` argument (for example `output_type="latent"`). This allows you to take the generated latents from one pipeline and pass it to another pipeline as input without leaving the latent space. It also makes it much easier to use multiple pipelines together by passing PyTorch tensors directly between different pipelines.
## VaeImageProcessor
[[autodoc]] image_processor.VaeImageProcessor
## VaeImageProcessorLDM3D
The [`VaeImageProcessorLDM3D`] accepts RGB and depth inputs and returns RGB and depth outputs.
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# Overview
The APIs in this section are more experimental and prone to breaking changes. Most of them are used internally for development, but they may also be useful to you if you're interested in building a diffusion model with some custom parts or if you're interested in some of our helper utilities for working with 🤗 Diffusers.
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# IP-Adapter
[IP-Adapter](https://hf.co/papers/2308.06721) is a lightweight adapter that enables prompting a diffusion model with an image. This method decouples the cross-attention layers of the image and text features. The image features are generated from an image encoder.
<Tip>
Learn how to load an IP-Adapter checkpoint and image in the IP-Adapter [loading](../../using-diffusers/loading_adapters#ip-adapter) guide, and you can see how to use it in the [usage](../../using-diffusers/ip_adapter) guide.
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# LoRA
LoRA is a fast and lightweight training method that inserts and trains a significantly smaller number of parameters instead of all the model parameters. This produces a smaller file (~100 MBs) and makes it easier to quickly train a model to learn a new concept. LoRA weights are typically loaded into the denoiser, text encoder or both. The denoiser usually corresponds to a UNet ([`UNet2DConditionModel`], for example) or a Transformer ([`SD3Transformer2DModel`], for example). There are several classes for loading LoRA weights:
- [`StableDiffusionLoraLoaderMixin`] provides functions for loading and unloading, fusing and unfusing, enabling and disabling, and more functions for managing LoRA weights. This class can be used with any model.
-[`StableDiffusionXLLoraLoaderMixin`] is a [Stable Diffusion (SDXL)](../../api/pipelines/stable_diffusion/stable_diffusion_xl) version of the [`StableDiffusionLoraLoaderMixin`] class for loading and saving LoRA weights. It can only be used with the SDXL model.
-[`SD3LoraLoaderMixin`] provides similar functions for [Stable Diffusion 3](https://huggingface.co/blog/sd3).
-[`FluxLoraLoaderMixin`] provides similar functions for [Flux](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/main/en/api/pipelines/flux).
-[`CogVideoXLoraLoaderMixin`] provides similar functions for [CogVideoX](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/main/en/api/pipelines/cogvideox).
-[`Mochi1LoraLoaderMixin`] provides similar functions for [Mochi](https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/main/en/api/pipelines/mochi).
- [`AmusedLoraLoaderMixin`] is for the [`AmusedPipeline`].
- [`LoraBaseMixin`] provides a base class with several utility methods to fuse, unfuse, unload, LoRAs and more.
<Tip>
To learn more about how to load LoRA weights, see the [LoRA](../../using-diffusers/loading_adapters#lora) loading guide.
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# PEFT
Diffusers supports loading adapters such as [LoRA](../../using-diffusers/loading_adapters) with the [PEFT](https://huggingface.co/docs/peft/index) library with the [`~loaders.peft.PeftAdapterMixin`] class. This allows modeling classes in Diffusers like [`UNet2DConditionModel`], [`SD3Transformer2DModel`] to operate with an adapter.
<Tip>
Refer to the [Inference with PEFT](../../tutorials/using_peft_for_inference.md) tutorial for an overview of how to use PEFT in Diffusers for inference.
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# Single files
The [`~loaders.FromSingleFileMixin.from_single_file`] method allows you to load:
* a model stored in a single file, which is useful if you're working with models from the diffusion ecosystem, like Automatic1111, and commonly rely on a single-file layout to store and share models
* a model stored in their originally distributed layout, which is useful if you're working with models finetuned with other services, and want to load it directly into Diffusers model objects and pipelines
> [!TIP]
> Read the [Model files and layouts](../../using-diffusers/other-formats) guide to learn more about the Diffusers-multifolder layout versus the single-file layout, and how to load models stored in these different layouts.
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# Textual Inversion
Textual Inversion is a training method for personalizing models by learning new text embeddings from a few example images. The file produced from training is extremely small (a few KBs) and the new embeddings can be loaded into the text encoder.
[`TextualInversionLoaderMixin`] provides a function for loading Textual Inversion embeddings from Diffusers and Automatic1111 into the text encoder and loading a special token to activate the embeddings.
<Tip>
To learn more about how to load Textual Inversion embeddings, see the [Textual Inversion](../../using-diffusers/loading_adapters#textual-inversion) loading guide.
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# SD3Transformer2D
This class is useful when *only* loading weights into a [`SD3Transformer2DModel`]. If you need to load weights into the text encoder or a text encoder and SD3Transformer2DModel, check [`SD3LoraLoaderMixin`](lora#diffusers.loaders.SD3LoraLoaderMixin) class instead.
The [`SD3Transformer2DLoadersMixin`] class currently only loads IP-Adapter weights, but will be used in the future to save weights and load LoRAs.
<Tip>
To learn more about how to load LoRA weights, see the [LoRA](../../using-diffusers/loading_adapters#lora) loading guide.
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# UNet
Some training methods - like LoRA and Custom Diffusion - typically target the UNet's attention layers, but these training methods can also target other non-attention layers. Instead of training all of a model's parameters, only a subset of the parameters are trained, which is faster and more efficient. This class is useful if you're *only* loading weights into a UNet. If you need to load weights into the text encoder or a text encoder and UNet, try using the [`~loaders.StableDiffusionLoraLoaderMixin.load_lora_weights`] function instead.
The [`UNet2DConditionLoadersMixin`] class provides functions for loading and saving weights, fusing and unfusing LoRAs, disabling and enabling LoRAs, and setting and deleting adapters.
<Tip>
To learn more about how to load LoRA weights, see the [LoRA](../../using-diffusers/loading_adapters#lora) loading guide.
| `diffusers.logging.CRITICAL` or `diffusers.logging.FATAL` | 50 | only report the most critical errors |
| `diffusers.logging.ERROR` | 40 | only report errors |
| `diffusers.logging.WARNING` or `diffusers.logging.WARN` | 30 | only report errors and warnings (default) |
| `diffusers.logging.INFO` | 20 | only report errors, warnings, and basic information |
| `diffusers.logging.DEBUG` | 10 | report all information |
By default, `tqdm` progress bars are displayed during model download. [`logging.disable_progress_bar`] and [`logging.enable_progress_bar`] are used to enable or disable this behavior.
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# AllegroTransformer3DModel
A Diffusion Transformer model for 3D data from [Allegro](https://github.com/rhymes-ai/Allegro) was introduced in [Allegro: Open the Black Box of Commercial-Level Video Generation Model](https://huggingface.co/papers/2410.15458) by RhymesAI.
The model can be loaded with the following code snippet.
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# AsymmetricAutoencoderKL
Improved larger variational autoencoder (VAE) model with KL loss for inpainting task: [Designing a Better Asymmetric VQGAN for StableDiffusion](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.04632) by Zixin Zhu, Xuelu Feng, Dongdong Chen, Jianmin Bao, Le Wang, Yinpeng Chen, Lu Yuan, Gang Hua.
The abstract from the paper is:
*StableDiffusion is a revolutionary text-to-image generator that is causing a stir in the world of image generation and editing. Unlike traditional methods that learn a diffusion model in pixel space, StableDiffusion learns a diffusion model in the latent space via a VQGAN, ensuring both efficiency and quality. It not only supports image generation tasks, but also enables image editing for real images, such as image inpainting and local editing. However, we have observed that the vanilla VQGAN used in StableDiffusion leads to significant information loss, causing distortion artifacts even in non-edited image regions. To this end, we propose a new asymmetric VQGAN with two simple designs. Firstly, in addition to the input from the encoder, the decoder contains a conditional branch that incorporates information from task-specific priors, such as the unmasked image region in inpainting. Secondly, the decoder is much heavier than the encoder, allowing for more detailed recovery while only slightly increasing the total inference cost. The training cost of our asymmetric VQGAN is cheap, and we only need to retrain a new asymmetric decoder while keeping the vanilla VQGAN encoder and StableDiffusion unchanged. Our asymmetric VQGAN can be widely used in StableDiffusion-based inpainting and local editing methods. Extensive experiments demonstrate that it can significantly improve the inpainting and editing performance, while maintaining the original text-to-image capability. The code is available at https://github.com/buxiangzhiren/Asymmetric_VQGAN*
Evaluation results can be found in section 4.1 of the original paper.
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# AutoencoderDC
The 2D Autoencoder model used in [SANA](https://huggingface.co/papers/2410.10629) and introduced in [DCAE](https://huggingface.co/papers/2410.10733) by authors Junyu Chen\*, Han Cai\*, Junsong Chen, Enze Xie, Shang Yang, Haotian Tang, Muyang Li, Yao Lu, Song Han from MIT HAN Lab.
The abstract from the paper is:
*We present Deep Compression Autoencoder (DC-AE), a new family of autoencoder models for accelerating high-resolution diffusion models. Existing autoencoder models have demonstrated impressive results at a moderate spatial compression ratio (e.g., 8x), but fail to maintain satisfactory reconstruction accuracy for high spatial compression ratios (e.g., 64x). We address this challenge by introducing two key techniques: (1) Residual Autoencoding, where we design our models to learn residuals based on the space-to-channel transformed features to alleviate the optimization difficulty of high spatial-compression autoencoders; (2) Decoupled High-Resolution Adaptation, an efficient decoupled three-phases training strategy for mitigating the generalization penalty of high spatial-compression autoencoders. With these designs, we improve the autoencoder's spatial compression ratio up to 128 while maintaining the reconstruction quality. Applying our DC-AE to latent diffusion models, we achieve significant speedup without accuracy drop. For example, on ImageNet 512x512, our DC-AE provides 19.1x inference speedup and 17.9x training speedup on H100 GPU for UViT-H while achieving a better FID, compared with the widely used SD-VAE-f8 autoencoder. Our code is available at [this https URL](https://github.com/mit-han-lab/efficientvit).*
The following DCAE models are released and supported in Diffusers.
The `AutoencoderDC` model has `in` and `mix` single file checkpoint variants that have matching checkpoint keys, but use different scaling factors. It is not possible for Diffusers to automatically infer the correct config file to use with the model based on just the checkpoint and will default to configuring the model using the `mix` variant config file. To override the automatically determined config, please use the `config` argument when using single file loading with `in` variant checkpoints.
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# AutoencoderKLHunyuanVideo
The 3D variational autoencoder (VAE) model with KL loss used in [HunyuanVideo](https://github.com/Tencent/HunyuanVideo/), which was introduced in [HunyuanVideo: A Systematic Framework For Large Video Generative Models](https://huggingface.co/papers/2412.03603) by Tencent.
The model can be loaded with the following code snippet.
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# AutoencoderOobleck
The Oobleck variational autoencoder (VAE) model with KL loss was introduced in [Stability-AI/stable-audio-tools](https://github.com/Stability-AI/stable-audio-tools) and [Stable Audio Open](https://huggingface.co/papers/2407.14358) by Stability AI. The model is used in 🤗 Diffusers to encode audio waveforms into latents and to decode latent representations into audio waveforms.
The abstract from the paper is:
*Open generative models are vitally important for the community, allowing for fine-tunes and serving as baselines when presenting new models. However, most current text-to-audio models are private and not accessible for artists and researchers to build upon. Here we describe the architecture and training process of a new open-weights text-to-audio model trained with Creative Commons data. Our evaluation shows that the model's performance is competitive with the state-of-the-art across various metrics. Notably, the reported FDopenl3 results (measuring the realism of the generations) showcase its potential for high-quality stereo sound synthesis at 44.1kHz.*
