Add support for JSON-compatible string escapes (#485)

For completeness I've implemented escaping for characters outside the
basic multilingual plane, but it doesn't get used (as there's no
EscapeAsAsciiJson emitter option implemented).

include/yaml-cpp/emittermanip.h

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ enum EMITTER_MANIP {
   // output character set
   EmitNonAscii,
   EscapeNonAscii,
+  EscapeAsJson,
 
   // string manipulators
   // Auto, // duplicate

src/emitter.cpp

@@ -686,14 +686,27 @@ void Emitter::StartedScalar() { m_pState->StartedScalar(); }
 // *******************************************************************************************
 // overloads of Write
 
+StringEscaping::value GetStringEscapingStyle(const EMITTER_MANIP emitterManip) {
+  switch (emitterManip) {
+    case EscapeNonAscii:
+      return StringEscaping::NonAscii;
+    case EscapeAsJson:
+      return StringEscaping::JSON;
+    default:
+      return StringEscaping::None;
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
 Emitter& Emitter::Write(const std::string& str) {
   if (!good())
     return *this;
 
-  const bool escapeNonAscii = m_pState->GetOutputCharset() == EscapeNonAscii;
+  StringEscaping::value stringEscaping = GetStringEscapingStyle(m_pState->GetOutputCharset());
+
   const StringFormat::value strFormat =
       Utils::ComputeStringFormat(str, m_pState->GetStringFormat(),
-                                 m_pState->CurGroupFlowType(), escapeNonAscii);
+                                 m_pState->CurGroupFlowType(), stringEscaping == StringEscaping::NonAscii);
 
   if (strFormat == StringFormat::Literal)
     m_pState->SetMapKeyFormat(YAML::LongKey, FmtScope::Local);
@@ -708,7 +721,7 @@ Emitter& Emitter::Write(const std::string& str) {
       Utils::WriteSingleQuotedString(m_stream, str);
       break;
     case StringFormat::DoubleQuoted:
-      Utils::WriteDoubleQuotedString(m_stream, str, escapeNonAscii);
+      Utils::WriteDoubleQuotedString(m_stream, str, stringEscaping);
       break;
     case StringFormat::Literal:
       Utils::WriteLiteralString(m_stream, str,
@@ -814,8 +827,10 @@ Emitter& Emitter::Write(char ch) {
   if (!good())
     return *this;
 
+
+
   PrepareNode(EmitterNodeType::Scalar);
-  Utils::WriteChar(m_stream, ch);
+  Utils::WriteChar(m_stream, ch, GetStringEscapingStyle(m_pState->GetOutputCharset()));
   StartedScalar();
 
   return *this;

src/emitterstate.cpp

@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ bool EmitterState::SetOutputCharset(EMITTER_MANIP value,
   switch (value) {
     case EmitNonAscii:
     case EscapeNonAscii:
+    case EscapeAsJson:
       _Set(m_charset, value, scope);
       return true;
     default:

src/emitterutils.cpp

@@ -218,20 +218,34 @@ bool IsValidLiteralScalar(const std::string& str, FlowType::value flowType,
   });
 }
 
-void WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(ostream_wrapper& out, int codePoint) {
+std::pair<uint16_t, uint16_t> EncodeUTF16SurrogatePair(int codePoint) {
+  const uint32_t leadOffset = 0xD800 - (0x10000 >> 10);
+
+  return {
+    leadOffset | (codePoint >> 10),
+    0xDC00 | (codePoint & 0x3FF),
+  };
+}
+
+void WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(ostream_wrapper& out, int codePoint, StringEscaping::value stringEscapingStyle) {
   static const char hexDigits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
 
   out << "\\";
   int digits = 8;
-  if (codePoint < 0xFF) {
+  if (codePoint < 0xFF && stringEscapingStyle != StringEscaping::JSON) {
     out << "x";
     digits = 2;
   } else if (codePoint < 0xFFFF) {
     out << "u";
     digits = 4;
-  } else {
+  } else if (stringEscapingStyle != StringEscaping::JSON) {
     out << "U";
     digits = 8;
+  } else {
+    auto surrogatePair = EncodeUTF16SurrogatePair(codePoint);
+    WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(out, surrogatePair.first, stringEscapingStyle);
+    WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(out, surrogatePair.second, stringEscapingStyle);
+    return;
   }
 
   // Write digits into the escape sequence
@@ -303,7 +317,7 @@ bool WriteSingleQuotedString(ostream_wrapper& out, const std::string& str) {
 }
 
 bool WriteDoubleQuotedString(ostream_wrapper& out, const std::string& str,
-                             bool escapeNonAscii) {
+                             StringEscaping::value stringEscaping) {
   out << "\"";
   int codePoint;
   for (std::string::const_iterator i = str.begin();
@@ -327,16 +341,19 @@ bool WriteDoubleQuotedString(ostream_wrapper& out, const std::string& str,
       case '\b':
         out << "\\b";
         break;
+      case '\f':
+        out << "\\f";
+        break;
       default:
         if (codePoint < 0x20 ||
             (codePoint >= 0x80 &&
              codePoint <= 0xA0)) {  // Control characters and non-breaking space
-          WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(out, codePoint);
+          WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(out, codePoint, stringEscaping);
         } else if (codePoint == 0xFEFF) {  // Byte order marks (ZWNS) should be
                                            // escaped (YAML 1.2, sec. 5.2)
-          WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(out, codePoint);
-        } else if (escapeNonAscii && codePoint > 0x7E) {
-          WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(out, codePoint);
+          WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(out, codePoint, stringEscaping);
+        } else if (stringEscaping == StringEscaping::NonAscii && codePoint > 0x7E) {
+          WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(out, codePoint, stringEscaping);
         } else {
           WriteCodePoint(out, codePoint);
         }
@@ -362,7 +379,7 @@ bool WriteLiteralString(ostream_wrapper& out, const std::string& str,
   return true;
 }
 
-bool WriteChar(ostream_wrapper& out, char ch) {
+bool WriteChar(ostream_wrapper& out, char ch, StringEscaping::value stringEscapingStyle) {
   if (('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') || ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z')) {
     out << ch;
   } else if (ch == '\"') {
@@ -373,13 +390,17 @@ bool WriteChar(ostream_wrapper& out, char ch) {
     out << R"("\n")";
   } else if (ch == '\b') {
     out << R"("\b")";
+  } else if (ch == '\r') {
+    out << R"("\r")";
+  } else if (ch == '\f') {
+    out << R"("\f")";
   } else if (ch == '\\') {
     out << R"("\\")";
   } else if (0x20 <= ch && ch <= 0x7e) {
     out << "\"" << ch << "\"";
   } else {
     out << "\"";
-    WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(out, ch);
+    WriteDoubleQuoteEscapeSequence(out, ch, stringEscapingStyle);
     out << "\"";
   }
   return true;
@@ -469,7 +490,7 @@ bool WriteTagWithPrefix(ostream_wrapper& out, const std::string& prefix,
 
 bool WriteBinary(ostream_wrapper& out, const Binary& binary) {
   WriteDoubleQuotedString(out, EncodeBase64(binary.data(), binary.size()),
-                          false);
+                          StringEscaping::None);
   return true;
 }
 }  // namespace Utils

src/emitterutils.h

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ struct StringFormat {
   enum value { Plain, SingleQuoted, DoubleQuoted, Literal };
 };
 
+struct StringEscaping {
+  enum value { None, NonAscii, JSON };
+};
+
 namespace Utils {
 StringFormat::value ComputeStringFormat(const std::string& str,
                                         EMITTER_MANIP strFormat,
@@ -32,10 +36,11 @@ StringFormat::value ComputeStringFormat(const std::string& str,
 
 bool WriteSingleQuotedString(ostream_wrapper& out, const std::string& str);
 bool WriteDoubleQuotedString(ostream_wrapper& out, const std::string& str,
-                             bool escapeNonAscii);
+                             StringEscaping::value stringEscaping);
 bool WriteLiteralString(ostream_wrapper& out, const std::string& str,
                         std::size_t indent);
-bool WriteChar(ostream_wrapper& out, char ch);
+bool WriteChar(ostream_wrapper& out, char ch,
+               StringEscaping::value stringEscapingStyle);
 bool WriteComment(ostream_wrapper& out, const std::string& str,
                   std::size_t postCommentIndent);
 bool WriteAlias(ostream_wrapper& out, const std::string& str);

test/integration/emitter_test.cpp

@@ -816,6 +816,42 @@ TEST_F(EmitterTest, DoubleQuotedUnicode) {
   ExpectEmit("\"\x24 \xC2\xA2 \xE2\x82\xAC \xF0\xA4\xAD\xA2\""); 
 }
 
+TEST_F(EmitterTest, EscapedJsonString) {
+  out.SetStringFormat(DoubleQuoted);
+  out.SetOutputCharset(EscapeAsJson);
+  out << "\" \\ "
+    "\x01 \x02 \x03 \x04 \x05 \x06 \x07 \x08 \x09 \x0A \x0B \x0C \x0D \x0E \x0F "
+    "\x10 \x11 \x12 \x13 \x14 \x15 \x16 \x17 \x18 \x19 \x1A \x1B \x1C \x1D \x1E \x1F "
+    "\x24 \xC2\xA2 \xE2\x82\xAC \xF0\xA4\xAD\xA2";
+
+  ExpectEmit(R"("\" \\ \u0001 \u0002 \u0003 \u0004 \u0005 \u0006 \u0007 \b \t )"
+             R"(\n \u000b \f \r \u000e \u000f \u0010 \u0011 \u0012 \u0013 )"
+             R"(\u0014 \u0015 \u0016 \u0017 \u0018 \u0019 \u001a \u001b )"
+             R"(\u001c \u001d \u001e \u001f )"
+             "$ \xC2\xA2 \xE2\x82\xAC \xF0\xA4\xAD\xA2\"");
+}
+
+TEST_F(EmitterTest, EscapedCharacters) {
+  out << BeginSeq 
+    << '\x00'
+    << '\x0C'
+    << '\x0D'
+    << EndSeq;
+
+  ExpectEmit("- \"\\x00\"\n- \"\\f\"\n- \"\\r\"");
+}
+
+TEST_F(EmitterTest, CharactersEscapedAsJson) {
+  out.SetOutputCharset(EscapeAsJson);
+  out << BeginSeq
+    << '\x00'
+    << '\x0C'
+    << '\x0D'
+    << EndSeq;
+
+  ExpectEmit("- \"\\u0000\"\n- \"\\f\"\n- \"\\r\"");
+}
+
 TEST_F(EmitterTest, DoubleQuotedString) {
   out << DoubleQuoted << "\" \\ \n \t \r \b \x15 \xEF\xBB\xBF \x24";
   ExpectEmit("\"\\\" \\\\ \\n \\t \\r \\b \\x15 \\ufeff $\"");