Enable eval to handle multiple contexts (#1751)

This is to help enable multi-target execution. We store a vector of targets and contexts. Currently this will only compile a single target, the PR #1672 is needed to enable multiple targets.

This will also serialize the targets and contexts.

When using the execution_environment or prog.get_context() it will always use the context from the first target assuming this is the "primary" target. Although, its unlikely a user would use execution_environment with a multi-target environment.

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ add_library(migraphx
     simplify_algebra.cpp
     simplify_reshapes.cpp
     split_single_dyn_dim.cpp
+    target.cpp
     tmp_dir.cpp
     value.cpp
     verify_args.cpp

src/include/migraphx/instruction.hpp

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ struct instruction
     operation normalized_operator() const;
 
     std::size_t get_target_id() const;
+
     void set_target_id(std::size_t tid);
 
     void debug_print() const;

src/include/migraphx/module.hpp

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ struct module
     instruction_ref validate() const;
     instruction_ref find_dangling_reference() const;
 
-    void finalize(context& ctx);
+    void finalize(std::vector<context>& contexts);
 
     void debug_print() const;
     void debug_print(instruction_ref ins) const;

src/include/migraphx/operation.hpp

@@ -261,11 +261,13 @@ auto compute_op(rank<1>,
 template <class T, class F>
 argument compute_op(rank<0>,
                     const T& x,
-                    const shape&,
-                    const std::vector<argument>&,
-                    const std::vector<module_ref>&,
+                    const shape& output,
+                    const std::vector<argument>& inputs,
+                    const std::vector<module_ref>& module_args,
                     F)
 {
+    if(module_args.empty())
+        return compute_op(x, output, inputs);
     std::string name = x.name();
     MIGRAPHX_THROW("Not computable: " + name);
 }

src/include/migraphx/program.hpp

@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ struct program
 
     std::vector<argument> eval(parameter_map params,
                                execution_environment exec_env = execution_environment{}) const;
+
+    void finish() const;
+
     std::size_t size() const;
 
     std::vector<shape> get_output_shapes() const;

src/include/migraphx/target.hpp

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@
 namespace migraphx {
 inline namespace MIGRAPHX_INLINE_NS {
 
+struct value;
+
 #ifdef DOXYGEN
 
 /// An interface for a compilation target
@@ -467,6 +469,9 @@ inline const ValueType& any_cast(const target& x)
 
 #endif
 
+void migraphx_to_value(value& v, const target& t);
+void migraphx_from_value(const value& v, target& t);
+
 } // namespace MIGRAPHX_INLINE_NS
 } // namespace migraphx
 

src/instruction.cpp

@@ -473,7 +473,9 @@ operation instruction::normalized_operator() const
     return o;
 }
 std::size_t instruction::get_target_id() const { return target_id; }
+
 void instruction::set_target_id(std::size_t tid) { this->target_id = tid; }
+
 std::vector<shape> to_shapes(const std::vector<instruction_ref>& args)
 {
     std::vector<shape> shapes(args.size());

src/module.cpp

@@ -652,8 +652,9 @@ instruction_ref module::find_dangling_reference() const
     return end();
 }
 
-void module::finalize(context& ctx)
+void module::finalize(std::vector<context>& contexts)
 {
+    assert(not contexts.empty());
     const bool trace = enabled(MIGRAPHX_TRACE_FINALIZE{});
     for(auto ins : iterator_for(*this))
     {
@@ -662,10 +663,10 @@ void module::finalize(context& ctx)
             std::cout << "Finalize: ";
             this->debug_print(ins);
         }
-        ins->finalize(ctx);
+        ins->finalize(contexts[ins->get_target_id()]);
         for(const auto& smod : ins->module_inputs())
         {
-            smod->finalize(ctx);
+            smod->finalize(contexts);
         }
     }
 

src/program.cpp

@@ -70,9 +70,8 @@ struct program_impl
 {
     // A map is used to keep references to modules of the program
     std::unordered_map<std::string, module> modules;
-    context ctx;
-    std::string target_name;
     std::vector<context> contexts;
+    std::vector<target> targets;
 };
 
 program::program() : impl(std::make_unique<program_impl>()) { this->create_module("main"); }
@@ -96,14 +95,8 @@ void program::assign(const program& p)
     {
         impl = std::make_unique<program_impl>();
     }
-    else if(not impl->modules.empty())
-    {
-        impl->modules.clear();
-    }
 
-    impl->ctx         = p.impl->ctx;
-    impl->target_name = p.impl->target_name;
-    impl->modules     = p.impl->modules;
+    *impl = *p.impl;
 
     // build a map from old ins to new ins
     // Build a map from old module to new module
@@ -166,7 +159,11 @@ std::vector<shape> program::get_output_shapes() const
     return mm->get_output_shapes();
 }
 
-context& program::get_context() const { return impl->ctx; }
+context& program::get_context() const
+{
+    assert(impl->contexts.size() == 1);
+    return impl->contexts.front();
+}
 
 instruction_ref program::validate() const
 {
@@ -217,7 +214,7 @@ target_assignments program::get_target_assignments(const std::vector<target>& ta
     return p;
 }
 
-bool program::is_compiled() const { return not this->impl->target_name.empty(); }
+bool program::is_compiled() const { return not this->impl->contexts.empty(); }
 
 void program::compile(const std::vector<target>& targets, std::vector<compile_options> compile_opts)
 {
@@ -299,24 +296,24 @@ void program::compile(const std::vector<target>& targets, std::vector<compile_op
                 MIGRAPHX_THROW("Dangling reference in module " + current_mod->name() +
                                " from instruction " + std::to_string(index));
             }
-            current_mod->finalize(this->impl->contexts[root_target_id]);
         }
     }
+    this->finalize();
 }
 
 void program::compile(const target& t, compile_options options)
 {
     // todo: combine with multi-target compile method
     assert(not this->is_compiled());
-    this->impl->target_name = t.name();
-    this->impl->ctx         = t.get_context();
+    this->impl->targets  = {t};
+    this->impl->contexts = {t.get_context()};
 
     if(enabled(MIGRAPHX_TRACE_COMPILE{}))
         options.trace = tracer{std::cout};
 
     options.trace(*this);
     options.trace();
-    auto&& passes = t.get_passes(this->impl->ctx, options);
+    auto&& passes = t.get_passes(this->impl->contexts.front(), options);
     run_passes(*this, passes, options.trace);
     auto mods = this->get_modules();
     // Validate and finalize
@@ -335,14 +332,14 @@ void program::compile(const target& t, compile_options options)
             MIGRAPHX_THROW("Dangling reference in module " + mod->name() + " from instruction " +
                            std::to_string(index));
         }
-        mod->finalize(this->impl->ctx);
+        mod->finalize(this->impl->contexts);
     }
 }
 
 void program::finalize()
 {
     auto* mm = this->get_main_module();
-    mm->finalize(this->impl->ctx);
+    mm->finalize(this->impl->contexts);
 }
 
 template <class T>
@@ -429,16 +426,15 @@ void preview_argument(std::ostream& os, const argument& a)
 
 template <class F>
 std::vector<argument> generic_eval(const module* mod,
-                                   context& ctx,
+                                   std::vector<context>& ctx,
                                    std::unordered_map<std::string, argument> params,
                                    std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, argument> results,
-                                   F make_trace)
+                                   F trace)
 {
     assert(mod->validate() == mod->end());
     results.reserve(mod->size() * 2);
     std::vector<argument> values;
     values.reserve(16);
-    auto trace = make_trace(mod);
     for(auto ins : iterator_for(*mod))
     {
         assert(results.find(ins) == results.end());
@@ -494,13 +490,18 @@ std::vector<argument> generic_eval(const module* mod,
             const auto& mod_args = ins->module_inputs();
             auto module_eval     = [&](module_ref smod,
                                    const std::unordered_map<std::string, argument>& inputs) {
-                auto ssctx = ctx;
-                return generic_eval(smod, ssctx, inputs, results, make_trace);
+                return generic_eval(smod, ctx, inputs, results, trace);
             };
 
-            results.emplace(ins, trace(ins, [&] {
-                                return ins->normalized_operator().compute(
-                                    ctx, ins->get_shape(), values, mod_args, module_eval);
+            results.emplace(
+                ins, trace(ins, [&] {
+                    auto op = ins->normalized_operator();
+                    if(op.is_context_free())
+                        return op.compute(ins->get_shape(), values, mod_args, module_eval);
+                    if(ins->get_target_id() >= ctx.size())
+                        MIGRAPHX_THROW("No context available for " + op.name());
+                    return op.compute(
+                        ctx[ins->get_target_id()], ins->get_shape(), values, mod_args, module_eval);
                 }));
         }
         assert(results.find(ins) != results.end());
@@ -514,44 +515,25 @@ std::vector<argument> generic_eval(const module* mod,
 
 template <class F>
 std::vector<argument> generic_eval(const program& p,
-                                   context& ctx,
+                                   std::vector<context>& ctx,
                                    std::unordered_map<std::string, argument> params,
-                                   F make_trace)
+                                   F trace)
 {
     const module* mm = p.get_main_module();
-    return generic_eval(mm, ctx, params, {}, make_trace);
+    return generic_eval(mm, ctx, params, {}, trace);
 }
 
 std::vector<argument> program::eval(parameter_map params, execution_environment exec_env) const
 {
-    auto& ctx = this->impl->ctx;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    auto with_check_context = [&](auto f) {
-        return [=, &ctx](auto&&) {
-            auto sctx          = std::make_shared<context>(ctx);
-            auto check_context = [=, &ctx](auto g) {
-                assert(is_shared(ctx, *sctx));
-                auto x = g();
-                *sctx  = ctx;
-                return x;
-            };
-            return [=](auto&&... xs) { return f(xs..., check_context); };
-        };
-    };
-#else
-    auto with_check_context = [](auto f) {
-        return [=](auto&&) {
-            return [=](auto&&... xs) { return f(xs..., [](auto g) { return g(); }); };
-        };
-    };
-#endif
+    auto& contexts = this->impl->contexts;
 
     auto trace_level = value_of(MIGRAPHX_TRACE_EVAL{});
     std::vector<argument> ret;
 
     if(exec_env.async)
     {
-        ctx.wait_for(exec_env.queue);
+        assert(contexts.size() == 1);
+        contexts.front().wait_for(exec_env.queue);
     }
 
     if(trace_level > 0)
@@ -563,16 +545,12 @@ std::vector<argument> program::eval(parameter_map params, execution_environment
             instruction::print(ss, x, ins_names);
             ins_out[x] = ss.str();
         });
-
-        ret = generic_eval(
-            *this,
-            ctx,
-            std::move(params),
-            with_check_context([&](auto& ins, auto f, auto&& check_context) {
+        ret = generic_eval(*this, contexts, std::move(params), [&](instruction_ref ins, auto f) {
+            auto& ctx = contexts[ins->get_target_id()];
             ctx.finish();
             std::cout << "Run instruction: " << ins_out.at(ins) << std::endl;
             timer t{};
-                auto result = check_context(f);
+            auto result = f();
             double t1   = t.record<milliseconds>();
             ctx.finish();
             double t2 = t.record<milliseconds>();
@@ -583,7 +561,7 @@ std::vector<argument> program::eval(parameter_map params, execution_environment
                 migraphx::argument buffer;
                 try
                 {
-                        target tgt = make_target(this->impl->target_name);
+                    const target& tgt = this->impl->targets.at(ins->get_target_id());
                     buffer            = tgt.copy_from(result);
                 }
                 catch(const migraphx::exception&)
@@ -593,8 +571,7 @@ std::vector<argument> program::eval(parameter_map params, execution_environment
                 }
                 catch(...)
                 {
-                        MIGRAPHX_THROW(
-                            "MIGraphX program execution with MIGRAPHX_TRACE_EVAL failed.\n");
+                    MIGRAPHX_THROW("MIGraphX program execution with MIGRAPHX_TRACE_EVAL failed.\n");
                 }
                 if(trace_level == 2)
                 {
@@ -611,35 +588,36 @@ std::vector<argument> program::eval(parameter_map params, execution_environment
                 }
             }
             return result;
-            }));
+        });
     }
     else
     {
-        ret = generic_eval(*this,
-                           ctx,
-                           std::move(params),
-                           with_check_context([&](auto&, auto f, auto&& check_context) {
-                               return check_context(f);
-                           }));
+        ret = generic_eval(*this, contexts, std::move(params), [&](auto&&, auto f) { return f(); });
     }
 
     if(exec_env.async)
     {
-        ctx.finish_on(exec_env.queue);
+        assert(contexts.size() == 1);
+        contexts.front().finish_on(exec_env.queue);
     }
 
     return ret;
 }
 
-const int program_file_version = 5;
+void program::finish() const
+{
+    for(const auto& ctx : this->impl->contexts)
+        ctx.finish();
+}
+
+const int program_file_version = 6;
 
 value program::to_value() const
 {
     value result;
     result["version"]  = program_file_version;
-    result["target"]  = this->impl->target_name;
-    if(not this->impl->target_name.empty())
-        result["context"] = this->impl->ctx.to_value();
+    result["targets"]  = migraphx::to_value(this->impl->targets);
+    result["contexts"] = migraphx::to_value(this->impl->contexts);
 
     value module_vals = value::object{};
     std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::string> names;
@@ -768,12 +746,12 @@ void program::from_value(const value& v)
         MIGRAPHX_THROW("Warning: Program version mismatch");
     }
 
-    this->impl->target_name = v.at("target").to<std::string>();
-    if(not this->impl->target_name.empty())
+    migraphx::from_value(v.at("targets"), this->impl->targets);
+
+    for(auto i : range(this->impl->targets.size()))
     {
-        target t        = make_target(this->impl->target_name);
-        this->impl->ctx = t.get_context();
-        this->impl->ctx.from_value(v.at("context"));
+        this->impl->contexts.push_back(this->impl->targets[i].get_context());
+        this->impl->contexts.back().from_value(v.at("contexts")[i]);
     }
 
     auto module_vals = v.at("modules");
@@ -794,6 +772,8 @@ void program::from_value(const value& v)
     auto* mm = get_main_module();
     mod_from_val(mm, module_vals, map_insts, map_mods);
 
+    // Finalize a compiled model
+    if(not this->impl->contexts.empty())
         this->finalize();
 }
 
@@ -814,19 +794,19 @@ std::string perf_group(const operation& op)
 
 void program::mark(const parameter_map& params, marker&& m)
 {
-    auto& ctx = this->impl->ctx;
+    auto& ctx = this->impl->contexts;
     // Run once by itself
     eval(params);
-    ctx.finish();
+    this->finish();
     // Start marking
     m.mark_start(*this);
-    generic_eval(*this, ctx, params, always([&](auto ins, auto f) {
+    generic_eval(*this, ctx, params, [&](auto ins, auto f) {
         argument result;
         m.mark_start(ins);
         result = f();
         m.mark_stop(ins);
         return result;
-    }));
+    });
     m.mark_stop(*this);
 }
 
@@ -835,10 +815,10 @@ void program::perf_report(std::ostream& os,
                           parameter_map params,
                           std::size_t batch) const
 {
-    auto& ctx = this->impl->ctx;
+    auto& ctx = this->impl->contexts;
     // Run once by itself
     eval(params);
-    ctx.finish();
+    this->finish();
     // Run and time entire program
     std::vector<double> total_vec;
     total_vec.reserve(n);
@@ -846,28 +826,28 @@ void program::perf_report(std::ostream& os,
     {
         total_vec.push_back(time<milliseconds>([&] {
             eval(params);
-            ctx.finish();
+            this->finish();
         }));
     }
     std::sort(total_vec.begin(), total_vec.end());
     std::unordered_map<instruction_ref, std::vector<double>> ins_vec;
     // Fill the map
-    generic_eval(*this, ctx, params, always([&](auto ins, auto) {
+    generic_eval(*this, ctx, params, [&](auto ins, auto) {
         ins_vec[ins].reserve(n);
         return argument{ins->get_shape(), nullptr};
-    }));
+    });
 
     // Run and time each instruction
     for(std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
     {
-        generic_eval(*this, ctx, params, always([&](auto ins, auto f) {
+        generic_eval(*this, ctx, params, [&](auto ins, auto f) {
             argument result;
             ins_vec[ins].push_back(time<milliseconds>([&] {
                 result = f();
-                ctx.finish();
+                this->impl->contexts[ins->get_target_id()].finish();
             }));
             return result;
-        }));
+        });
     }
     for(auto&& p : ins_vec)
         std::sort(p.second.begin(), p.second.end());
@@ -1035,10 +1015,10 @@ void program::print_cpp(std::ostream& os) const
 
 void program::dry_run(std::unordered_map<std::string, argument> params) const
 {
-    auto& ctx = this->impl->ctx;
-    generic_eval(*this, ctx, std::move(params), always([](auto ins, auto&&...) {
+    auto& ctx = this->impl->contexts;
+    generic_eval(*this, ctx, std::move(params), [](auto ins, auto&&...) {
         return argument{ins->get_shape(), nullptr};
-    }));
+    });
 }
 
 void program::annotate(std::ostream& os, const std::function<void(instruction_ref)>& a) const

src/target.cpp

+/*
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2022 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include <migraphx/target.hpp>
+#include <migraphx/register_target.hpp>
+
+namespace migraphx {
+inline namespace MIGRAPHX_INLINE_NS {
+
+void migraphx_to_value(value& v, const target& t) { v["name"] = t.name(); }
+void migraphx_from_value(const value& v, target& t)
+{
+    t = make_target(v.at("name").to<std::string>());
+}
+
+} // namespace MIGRAPHX_INLINE_NS
+} // namespace migraphx

test/dead_code_elimination_test.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ TEST_CASE(simple_test)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     auto count = std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end());
     run_pass(p);
     EXPECT(std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end()) == count);
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ TEST_CASE(simple_test_nop)
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
     mm->add_instruction(nop{});
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     auto count = std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end());
     run_pass(p);
     EXPECT(std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end()) == count);
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ TEST_CASE(simple_test_nop2)
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
     mm->add_instruction(nop{});
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     mm->add_instruction(nop{});
     run_pass(p);
     EXPECT(std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end()) == 2);
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ TEST_CASE(duplicate_test1)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     auto count = std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end());
     run_pass(p);
     EXPECT(std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end()) == (count - 1));
@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ TEST_CASE(duplicate_test2)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    mm->add_instruction(minus_op{}, one, two);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("sub"), one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     auto count = std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end());
     run_pass(p);
     EXPECT(std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end()) == (count - 2));
@@ -121,11 +121,11 @@ TEST_CASE(depth_test)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto x1  = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    auto x2  = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    mm->add_instruction(minus_op{}, x1, x2);
-    mm->add_instruction(minus_op{}, x1, x2);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    auto x1  = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    auto x2  = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("sub"), x1, x2);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("sub"), x1, x2);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     auto count = std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end());
     run_pass(p);
     EXPECT(std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end()) == (count - 4));
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ TEST_CASE(undefined_test)
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
     mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("undefined"));
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     auto count = std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end());
     run_pass(p);
     EXPECT(std::distance(mm->begin(), mm->end()) == count - 1);

test/eliminate_identity_test.cpp

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ TEST_CASE(simple_test)
     auto one_identity = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("identity"), one);
     auto two          = mm->add_literal(2);
     auto two_identity = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("identity"), two);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one_identity, two_identity);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one_identity, two_identity);
     run_pass(p);
     EXPECT(std::none_of(mm->begin(), mm->end(), [](const migraphx::instruction& ins) {
         return ins.name() == "identity";
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ TEST_CASE(simple_test_end)
 
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto ans = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    auto ans = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("identity"), ans);
     run_pass(p);
     EXPECT(std::none_of(mm->begin(), mm->end(), [](const migraphx::instruction& ins) {
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ TEST_CASE(simple_test_end_dependency)
     auto one   = mm->add_literal(1.0);
     auto two   = mm->add_literal(2.0);
     auto three = mm->add_literal(3.0);
-    auto ans   = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, ans, three);
+    auto ans   = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), ans, three);
     mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("identity"), ans);
     run_pass(p);
     EXPECT(std::any_of(mm->begin(), mm->end(), [](const migraphx::instruction& ins) {

test/eval_test.cpp

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <migraphx/instruction.hpp>
 #include <migraphx/stringutils.hpp>
 #include <migraphx/compile_options.hpp>
+#include <migraphx/make_op.hpp>
 #include <sstream>
 #include "test.hpp"
 #include <basic_ops.hpp>
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ struct id_target
 
 struct id_ctx_op
 {
-    std::string name() const { return "id_ctx_op"; }
+    std::string name() const { return ""; }
     migraphx::argument
     compute(id_target::context&, const migraphx::shape&, std::vector<migraphx::argument> args) const
     {
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ TEST_CASE(literal_test1)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     auto result = p.eval({}).back();
     EXPECT(result == migraphx::literal{3});
     EXPECT(result != migraphx::literal{4});
@@ -168,8 +169,8 @@ TEST_CASE(literal_test2)
     auto* mm  = p.get_main_module();
     auto one  = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two  = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto sum1 = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, sum1, two);
+    auto sum1 = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), sum1, two);
 
     auto result = p.eval({}).back();
     EXPECT(result == migraphx::literal{5});
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ TEST_CASE(print_test)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto x   = mm->add_parameter("x", {migraphx::shape::int32_type});
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, x, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), x, two);
 
     std::stringstream ss;
     ss << p;
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ TEST_CASE(param_test)
     auto x   = mm->add_parameter("x", {migraphx::shape::int32_type});
     auto y   = mm->add_parameter("y", {migraphx::shape::int32_type});
 
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, x, y);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), x, y);
     auto result = p.eval({{"x", migraphx::literal{1}.get_argument()},
                           {"y", migraphx::literal{2}.get_argument()}})
                       .back();
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ TEST_CASE(param_error_shape_test)
     auto x   = mm->add_parameter("x", {migraphx::shape::int32_type, {1, 1}});
     auto y   = mm->add_parameter("y", {migraphx::shape::int32_type, {1, 1}});
 
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, x, y);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), x, y);
     EXPECT(test::throws<migraphx::exception>(
         [&] {
             p.eval({
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ TEST_CASE(get_param1)
     migraphx::shape s{migraphx::shape::int32_type, {1, 2}};
     auto x = mm->add_parameter("x", s);
     auto y = mm->add_parameter("y", s);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, x, y);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), x, y);
     EXPECT(bool{p.get_parameter("x") == x});
     EXPECT(bool{p.get_parameter("y") == y});
     EXPECT(bool{p.get_parameter("nonexistent") == mm->end()});
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ TEST_CASE(get_param2)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     EXPECT(bool{p.get_parameter("nonexistent") == mm->end()});
 }
 
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ TEST_CASE(get_param_shapes)
     migraphx::shape s{migraphx::shape::int32_type, {1, 2}};
     auto x = mm->add_parameter("x", s);
     auto y = mm->add_parameter("y", s);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, x, y);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), x, y);
     auto m = p.get_parameter_shapes();
     EXPECT(m.count("nonexistent") == 0);
     EXPECT(m.at("x") == s);
@@ -281,8 +282,8 @@ TEST_CASE(replace_test)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto sum = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    mm->replace_instruction(sum, minus_op{}, two, one);
+    auto sum = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    mm->replace_instruction(sum, migraphx::make_op("sub"), two, one);
     EXPECT(bool{p.validate() == mm->end()});
 
     auto result = p.eval({}).back();
@@ -296,8 +297,8 @@ TEST_CASE(replace_ins_test)
     auto* mm   = p.get_main_module();
     auto one   = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two   = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto sum   = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    auto minus = mm->add_instruction(minus_op{}, two, one);
+    auto sum   = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    auto minus = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("sub"), two, one);
     mm->replace_instruction(sum, minus);
     EXPECT(bool{p.validate() == mm->end()});
 
@@ -312,8 +313,8 @@ TEST_CASE(replace_ins_test2)
     auto* mm   = p.get_main_module();
     auto one   = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two   = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto sum   = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    auto minus = mm->add_instruction(minus_op{}, two, one);
+    auto sum   = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    auto minus = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("sub"), two, one);
     mm->add_instruction(pass_op{}, minus);
     mm->replace_instruction(two, sum);
     EXPECT(bool{p.validate() == mm->end()});
@@ -329,8 +330,8 @@ TEST_CASE(replace_op_test)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto sum = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, two, one);
-    sum->replace(minus_op{});
+    auto sum = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), two, one);
+    sum->replace(migraphx::make_op("sub"));
     EXPECT(bool{p.validate() == mm->end()});
 
     auto result = p.eval({}).back();
@@ -344,7 +345,7 @@ TEST_CASE(replace_op_recompute_shape_throw)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto sum = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    auto sum = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     EXPECT(test::throws<migraphx::exception>([&] { sum->replace(unary_pass_op{}); }));
 }
 
@@ -354,11 +355,11 @@ TEST_CASE(insert_replace_test)
     auto* mm  = p.get_main_module();
     auto one  = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two  = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto sum1 = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, sum1, two);
+    auto sum1 = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), sum1, two);
 
-    auto sum0 = mm->insert_instruction(sum1, sum_op{}, two, two);
-    mm->replace_instruction(sum1, minus_op{}, sum0, two);
+    auto sum0 = mm->insert_instruction(sum1, migraphx::make_op("add"), two, two);
+    mm->replace_instruction(sum1, migraphx::make_op("sub"), sum0, two);
     EXPECT(bool{p.validate() == mm->end()});
 
     auto result = p.eval({}).back();
@@ -372,8 +373,8 @@ TEST_CASE(remove_test1)
     auto* mm     = p.get_main_module();
     auto one     = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two     = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto sum     = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
-    auto removed = mm->add_instruction(minus_op{}, sum, one);
+    auto sum     = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
+    auto removed = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("sub"), sum, one);
     mm->remove_instruction(removed);
     EXPECT(bool{p.validate() == mm->end()});
 
@@ -388,8 +389,8 @@ TEST_CASE(remove_test2)
     auto* mm     = p.get_main_module();
     auto one     = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two     = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto removed = mm->add_instruction(minus_op{}, two, one);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    auto removed = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("sub"), two, one);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     mm->remove_instruction(removed);
     EXPECT(bool{p.validate() == mm->end()});
 
@@ -404,7 +405,7 @@ TEST_CASE(target_test)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     p.compile(id_target{});
     auto result = p.eval({}).back();
     EXPECT(result == migraphx::literal{3});

test/include/basic_ops.hpp

@@ -86,6 +86,25 @@ struct minus_op
 };
 
 struct pass_op
+{
+    std::string name() const { return "pass"; }
+    migraphx::argument compute(const migraphx::shape&, std::vector<migraphx::argument> args) const
+    {
+        if(args.empty())
+            return {};
+        return args.front();
+    }
+
+    migraphx::shape compute_shape(std::vector<migraphx::shape> inputs) const
+    {
+        if(inputs.empty())
+            return {};
+        return inputs.front();
+    }
+    int output_alias(const std::vector<migraphx::shape>& s) const { return s.empty() ? -1 : 0; }
+};
+
+struct non_const_pass_op
 {
     std::string name() const { return "pass"; }
     migraphx::argument
@@ -176,9 +195,7 @@ struct pass_standard_op
 struct nop
 {
     std::string name() const { return "nop"; }
-    migraphx::argument compute(migraphx::context&,
-                               const migraphx::shape&,
-                               const std::vector<migraphx::argument>&) const
+    migraphx::argument compute(const migraphx::shape&, const std::vector<migraphx::argument>&) const
     {
         return {};
     }

test/propagate_constant_test.cpp

@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ TEST_CASE(const_add)
     auto one = m1.add_literal(1);
     auto two = m1.add_literal(2);
     auto sum = m1.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
-    m1.add_instruction(pass_op{}, sum);
+    m1.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, sum);
     run_pass(m1);
 
     migraphx::module m2;
     auto total = m2.add_literal(3);
-    m2.add_instruction(pass_op{}, total);
+    m2.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, total);
     EXPECT(m1 == m2);
 }
 
@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ TEST_CASE(const_add_parameter)
     auto one = m1.add_parameter("one", {migraphx::shape::int32_type, {1}});
     auto two = m1.add_literal(2);
     auto sum = m1.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
-    m1.add_instruction(pass_op{}, sum);
+    m1.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, sum);
     run_pass(m1);
 
     migraphx::module m2;
     auto total = m2.add_literal(3);
-    m2.add_instruction(pass_op{}, total);
+    m2.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, total);
     EXPECT(m1 != m2);
 }
 
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ TEST_CASE(const_multiadd)
     auto two  = m1.add_literal(2);
     auto sum1 = m1.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     auto sum2 = m1.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), sum1, two);
-    m1.add_instruction(pass_op{}, sum2);
+    m1.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, sum2);
     run_pass(m1);
 
     migraphx::module m2;
     auto total = m2.add_literal(5);
-    m2.add_instruction(pass_op{}, total);
+    m2.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, total);
     EXPECT(m1 == m2);
 }
 
@@ -88,12 +88,12 @@ TEST_CASE(const_add_mul)
     auto mul  = m1.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("mul"), two, two);
     auto sum1 = m1.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, mul);
     auto sum2 = m1.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), sum1, two);
-    m1.add_instruction(pass_op{}, sum2);
+    m1.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, sum2);
     run_pass(m1);
 
     migraphx::module m2;
     auto total = m2.add_literal(7);
-    m2.add_instruction(pass_op{}, total);
+    m2.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, total);
     EXPECT(m1 == m2);
 }
 
@@ -105,13 +105,13 @@ TEST_CASE(const_add_scalar)
     auto two = m1.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("scalar", {{"scalar_bcst_dims", {2, 2}}}),
                                   m1.add_literal(2));
     auto sum = m1.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
-    m1.add_instruction(pass_op{}, sum);
+    m1.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, sum);
     run_pass(m1);
 
     migraphx::module m2;
     auto total =
         m2.add_literal(migraphx::literal{{migraphx::shape::int32_type, {2, 2}}, {3, 3, 3, 3}});
-    m2.add_instruction(pass_op{}, total);
+    m2.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, total);
     EXPECT(m1 == m2);
 }
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ TEST_CASE(const_scalar)
     {
         auto one = m1.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("scalar", {{"scalar_bcst_dims", {2, 2}}}),
                                       m1.add_literal(1));
-        m1.add_instruction(pass_op{}, one);
+        m1.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, one);
     }
     run_pass(m1);
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ TEST_CASE(const_scalar)
     {
         auto one = m2.add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("scalar", {{"scalar_bcst_dims", {2, 2}}}),
                                       m2.add_literal(1));
-        m2.add_instruction(pass_op{}, one);
+        m2.add_instruction(non_const_pass_op{}, one);
     }
     EXPECT(m1 == m2);
 }

test/validate.cpp

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
  */
 #include <migraphx/program.hpp>
 #include <migraphx/instruction.hpp>
+#include <migraphx/make_op.hpp>
 #include <basic_ops.hpp>
 #include <test.hpp>
 #include <rob.hpp>
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ TEST_CASE(simple_test)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     EXPECT(bool{mm->validate() == mm->end()});
     auto result = p.eval({});
     EXPECT(result.back() == migraphx::literal{3});
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ TEST_CASE(out_of_order)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto ins = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    auto ins = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     mm->move_instruction(two, mm->end());
     EXPECT(bool{p.validate() == ins});
 }
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ TEST_CASE(incomplete_args)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto ins = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    auto ins = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     ins->clear_arguments();
     EXPECT(bool{p.validate() == ins});
 }
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ TEST_CASE(invalid_args)
     auto* mm = p.get_main_module();
     auto one = mm->add_literal(1);
     auto two = mm->add_literal(2);
-    auto ins = mm->add_instruction(sum_op{}, one, two);
+    auto ins = mm->add_instruction(migraphx::make_op("add"), one, two);
     access_ins_arguments(*ins).clear();
     EXPECT(bool{mm->validate() == mm->begin()});
 }

tools/include/operation.hpp

@@ -261,11 +261,13 @@ auto compute_op(rank<1>,
 template <class T, class F>
 argument compute_op(rank<0>,
                     const T& x,
-                    const shape&,
-                    const std::vector<argument>&,
-                    const std::vector<module_ref>&,
+                    const shape& output,
+                    const std::vector<argument>& inputs,
+                    const std::vector<module_ref>& module_args,
                     F)
 {
+    if(module_args.empty())
+        return compute_op(x, output, inputs);
     std::string name = x.name();
     MIGRAPHX_THROW("Not computable: " + name);
 }

tools/include/target.hpp

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@
 namespace migraphx {
 inline namespace MIGRAPHX_INLINE_NS {
 
+struct value;
+
 #ifdef DOXYGEN
 
 /// An interface for a compilation target
@@ -123,11 +125,20 @@ supported_segments target_find_supported(T&, const_module_ref, support_metric)
 }
 
 <%
-interface('target',
-     virtual('name', returns='std::string', const=True),
-     virtual('get_passes', ctx='context&', options='const compile_options&', returns='std::vector<pass>', const=True),
-     virtual('get_context', returns='context', const=True),
-     virtual('find_supported', returns='supported_segments', mod='const_module_ref', m='support_metric', const=True, default='target_find_supported'),
+ interface('target',
+           virtual('name', returns = 'std::string', const = True),
+           virtual('get_passes',
+                   ctx     = 'context&',
+                   options = 'const compile_options&',
+                   returns = 'std::vector<pass>',
+                   const   = True),
+           virtual('get_context', returns = 'context', const = True),
+           virtual('find_supported',
+                   returns = 'supported_segments',
+                   mod     = 'const_module_ref',
+                   m       = 'support_metric',
+                   const   = True,
+                   default = 'target_find_supported'),
            virtual('copy_to',
                    returns = 'argument',
                    input   = 'const argument&',
@@ -138,13 +149,17 @@ interface('target',
                    input   = 'const argument&',
                    const   = True,
                    default = 'copy_from_target'),
-    virtual('allocate', s='const shape&', returns='argument', const=True,
-             default = 'target_allocate')
-)
-%>
+           virtual('allocate',
+                   s       = 'const shape&',
+                   returns = 'argument',
+                   const   = True,
+                   default = 'target_allocate')) %>
 
 #endif
 
+void migraphx_to_value(value& v, const target& t);
+void migraphx_from_value(const value& v, target& t);
+
 } // namespace MIGRAPHX_INLINE_NS
 } // namespace migraphx