/*
 * The MIT License (MIT)
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2023 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
#ifndef MIGRAPHX_GUARD_OPERATORS_NONMAXSUPPRESSION_HPP
#define MIGRAPHX_GUARD_OPERATORS_NONMAXSUPPRESSION_HPP

#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
#include <cstdint>
#include <iterator>
#include <migraphx/config.hpp>
#include <migraphx/ranges.hpp>
#include <migraphx/float_equal.hpp>
#include <migraphx/algorithm.hpp>
#include <migraphx/tensor_view.hpp>
#include <migraphx/shape_for_each.hpp>
#include <migraphx/check_shapes.hpp>
#include <migraphx/output_iterator.hpp>
#include <migraphx/argument.hpp>

namespace migraphx {
inline namespace MIGRAPHX_INLINE_NS {
namespace op {

struct nonmaxsuppression
{
    bool center_point_box = false;
    bool use_dyn_output   = false;

    template <class Self, class F>
    static auto reflect(Self& self, F f)
    {
        return pack(f(self.center_point_box, "center_point_box"),
                    f(self.use_dyn_output, "use_dyn_output"));
    }

    std::string name() const { return "nonmaxsuppression"; }

    shape compute_shape(std::vector<shape> inputs) const
    {
        // requires at least 2 inputs
        check_shapes{{inputs.at(0), inputs.at(1)}, *this, true}.only_dims(3).same_ndims();
        auto boxes_max_lens = inputs.at(0).max_lens();
        // num batches * num boxes
        const auto max_num_boxes = boxes_max_lens.at(0) * boxes_max_lens.at(1);

        auto fixed_shape_error_check = [&]() {
            auto lens = inputs.front().lens();
            if(lens[1] != inputs.at(1).lens()[2])
            {
                MIGRAPHX_THROW(
                    "NonMaxSuppression: spatial dimension mismatch between boxes and scores input");
            }
            if(lens[0] != inputs.at(1).lens()[0])
            {
                MIGRAPHX_THROW(
                    "NonMaxSuppression: number of batches mismatch between boxes and scores input");
            }
        };

        if(use_dyn_output)
        {
            if(inputs.at(0).dynamic())
            {
                // both boxes and scores should be dynamic
                // check dynamic dimensions are consistent
                const auto boxes_dims  = inputs.at(0).dyn_dims();
                const auto scores_dims = inputs.at(1).dyn_dims();
                if(boxes_dims.at(1) != scores_dims.at(2))
                {
                    MIGRAPHX_THROW("NonMaxSuppression: dynamic spatial dimension mismatch between "
                                   "boxes and scores input");
                }
                if(boxes_dims.at(0) != scores_dims.at(0))
                {
                    MIGRAPHX_THROW("NonMaxSuppression: dynamic number of batches mismatch between "
                                   "boxes and scores input");
                }
            }
            else if(inputs.at(1).dynamic())
            {
                // scores has dynamic shape, boxes fixed shape
                // check that it is only a dynamic number of classes
                const auto scores_dims = inputs.at(1).dyn_dims();
                const auto boxes_lens  = inputs.at(0).lens();
                if(not scores_dims.at(0).is_fixed() or scores_dims.at(0).max != boxes_lens.at(0))
                {
                    MIGRAPHX_THROW("NonMaxSuppression: scores dynamic num_classes; num_batches not "
                                   "fixed or mismatched");
                }
                if(not scores_dims.at(2).is_fixed() or scores_dims.at(2).max != boxes_lens.at(1))
                {
                    MIGRAPHX_THROW("NonMaxSuppression: scores dynamic num_classes; "
                                   "spatial_dimension not fixed or mismatches");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                fixed_shape_error_check();
            }
            std::vector<shape::dynamic_dimension> out_lens = {};
            out_lens.push_back({0, max_num_boxes});
            out_lens.push_back({3, 3});
            return {shape::int64_type, out_lens};
        }
        else
        {
            if(inputs.at(0).dynamic() or inputs.at(1).dynamic())
            {
                MIGRAPHX_THROW(
                    "NonMaxSuppression: dynamic input shape with use_dyn_output set to false");
            }
            fixed_shape_error_check();
            std::vector<std::size_t> out_lens = {max_num_boxes, 3};
            return {shape::int64_type, out_lens};
        }
    }

    struct box
    {
        std::array<double, 2> x;
        std::array<double, 2> y;

        void sort()
        {
            if(x[0] > x[1])
            {
                std::swap(x[0], x[1]);
            }
            if(y[0] > y[1])
            {
                std::swap(y[0], y[1]);
            }
        }

        std::array<double, 2>& operator[](std::size_t i) { return i == 0 ? x : y; }

        double area() const
        {
            assert(x[0] <= x[1]);
            assert(y[0] <= y[1]);
            return (x[1] - x[0]) * (y[1] - y[0]);
        }
    };

    template <class T>
    box batch_box(T boxes, std::size_t box_idx) const
    {
        box result{};
        auto start = boxes + 4 * box_idx;
        if(center_point_box)
        {
            double half_width  = start[2] / 2.0;
            double half_height = start[3] / 2.0;
            double x_center    = start[0];
            double y_center    = start[1];
            result.x           = {x_center - half_width, x_center + half_width};
            result.y           = {y_center - half_height, y_center + half_height};
        }
        else
        {
            result.x = {static_cast<double>(start[1]), static_cast<double>(start[3])};
            result.y = {static_cast<double>(start[0]), static_cast<double>(start[2])};
        }

        return result;
    }

    inline bool suppress_by_iou(box b1, box b2, double iou_threshold) const
    {
        b1.sort();
        b2.sort();

        box intersection{};
        for(auto i : range(2))
        {
            intersection[i][0] = std::max(b1[i][0], b2[i][0]);
            intersection[i][1] = std::min(b1[i][1], b2[i][1]);
            if(intersection[i][0] > intersection[i][1])
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        const double area1             = b1.area();
        const double area2             = b2.area();
        const double intersection_area = intersection.area();
        const double union_area        = area1 + area2 - intersection_area;

        if(area1 <= .0f or area2 <= .0f or union_area <= .0f)
        {
            return false;
        }

        const double intersection_over_union = intersection_area / union_area;

        return intersection_over_union > iou_threshold;
    }

    // filter boxes below score_threshold
    template <class T>
    std::priority_queue<std::pair<double, int64_t>>
    filter_boxes_by_score(T scores_start, std::size_t num_boxes, double score_threshold) const
    {
        std::priority_queue<std::pair<double, int64_t>> boxes_heap;
        auto insert_to_boxes_heap =
            make_function_output_iterator([&](const auto& x) { boxes_heap.push(x); });
        int64_t box_idx = 0;
        transform_if(
            scores_start,
            scores_start + num_boxes,
            insert_to_boxes_heap,
            [&](auto sc) {
                box_idx++;
                return sc >= score_threshold;
            },
            [&](auto sc) { return std::make_pair(sc, box_idx - 1); });
        return boxes_heap;
    }

    template <class Output, class Boxes, class Scores>
    std::size_t compute_nms(Output output,
                            Boxes boxes,
                            Scores scores,
                            const shape& max_output_shape,
                            std::size_t max_output_boxes_per_class,
                            double iou_threshold,
                            double score_threshold) const
    {
        std::fill(output.begin(), output.end(), 0);
        const auto& lens       = scores.get_shape().lens();
        const auto num_batches = lens[0];
        const auto num_classes = lens[1];
        const auto num_boxes   = lens[2];
        // boxes of a class with NMS applied [score, index]
        std::vector<std::pair<double, int64_t>> selected_boxes_inside_class;
        std::vector<int64_t> selected_indices;
        selected_boxes_inside_class.reserve(max_output_shape.elements());
        // iterate over batches and classes
        shape comp_s{shape::double_type, {num_batches, num_classes}};
        shape_for_each(comp_s, [&](const auto& idx) {
            auto batch_idx = idx[0];
            auto class_idx = idx[1];
            // index offset for this class
            auto scores_start = scores.begin() + (batch_idx * num_classes + class_idx) * num_boxes;
            // iterator to first value of this batch
            auto batch_boxes_start = boxes.begin() + batch_idx * num_boxes * 4;
            auto boxes_heap = filter_boxes_by_score(scores_start, num_boxes, score_threshold);
            selected_boxes_inside_class.clear();
            while(not boxes_heap.empty() &&
                  selected_boxes_inside_class.size() < max_output_boxes_per_class)
            {
                // select next top scorer box and remove any boxes from boxes_heap that exceeds IOU
                // threshold with the selected box
                const auto next_top_score = boxes_heap.top();
                boxes_heap.pop();
                selected_boxes_inside_class.push_back(next_top_score);
                selected_indices.push_back(batch_idx);
                selected_indices.push_back(class_idx);
                selected_indices.push_back(next_top_score.second);
                std::priority_queue<std::pair<double, int64_t>> remainder_boxes;
                while(not boxes_heap.empty())
                {
                    auto iou_candidate_box = boxes_heap.top();
                    if(not this->suppress_by_iou(
                           batch_box(batch_boxes_start, iou_candidate_box.second),
                           batch_box(batch_boxes_start, next_top_score.second),
                           iou_threshold))
                    {
                        remainder_boxes.push(iou_candidate_box);
                    }
                    boxes_heap.pop();
                }
                boxes_heap = remainder_boxes;
            }
        });
        std::copy(selected_indices.begin(), selected_indices.end(), output.begin());
        return selected_indices.size() / 3;
    }

    argument compute(const shape& output_shape, std::vector<argument> args) const
    {
        // make buffer of maximum size
        shape max_output_shape = {output_shape.type(), output_shape.max_lens()};
        argument result{max_output_shape};

        std::size_t max_output_boxes_per_class =
            (args.size() > 2) ? (args.at(2).at<std::size_t>()) : 0;
        if(max_output_boxes_per_class == 0)
        {
            return result;
        }
        double iou_threshold     = (args.size() > 3) ? (args.at(3).at<double>()) : 0.0f;
        double score_threshold   = (args.size() > 4) ? (args.at(4).at<double>()) : 0.0f;
        std::size_t num_selected = 0;

        result.visit([&](auto output) {
            visit_all(args[0], args[1])([&](auto boxes, auto scores) {
                num_selected = compute_nms(output,
                                           boxes,
                                           scores,
                                           max_output_shape,
                                           max_output_boxes_per_class,
                                           iou_threshold,
                                           score_threshold);
            });
        });
        if(use_dyn_output)
        {
            return result.reshape({output_shape.type(), {num_selected, 3}});
        }
        else
        {
            return result;
        }
    }
};

} // namespace op
} // namespace MIGRAPHX_INLINE_NS
} // namespace migraphx

#endif
