Question: In science, old ideas can be changed when new discoveries alter existing information. Which situation is most likely an example of a rethinking of an existing idea?

Choices:
A. using coal to generate electricity
B. discovering a new species of snake
C. developing an antibiotic to treat infections
D. changing the definition of the term planet

Answer: D

changing the definition of the term planet

Question: In science, old ideas can be changed when new discoveries alter existing information. Which situation is most likely an example of a rethinking of an existing idea?
Answer:


Question: One difference between a chemical formula and a chemical equation is that the chemical equation shows

Choices:
A. abbreviations for each element.
B. the number of atoms per element.
C. what elements are in each molecule.
D. the chemical reaction that takes place.

Answer: D

Question: One difference between a chemical formula and a chemical equation is that the chemical equation shows
Answer:


Question: Which would be best seen through a telescope?

Choices:
A. a moon
B. a cell
C. a light ray
D. a molecule

Answer: A

Question: Which would be best seen through a telescope?
Answer:


Question: Paul listens to music through his radio. Which best explains the sound Paul hears?

Choices:
A. Sounds are fluids that travel through air.
B. Sounds are waves that travel through matter.
C. Sounds are gases that transform into vibrations.
D. Sounds are forms of energy that are converted from light.

Answer: B

Sounds are waves that travel through matter.

Question: Paul listens to music through his radio. Which best explains the sound Paul hears?
Answer:


Question: Which system protects the body by responding to the presence of a virus?

Choices:
A. respiratory system
B. skeletal system
C. immune system
D. excretory system

Answer: C

Question: Which system protects the body by responding to the presence of a virus?
Answer:


Question: Sedimentary rock helps scientists piece together the history of Earth most likely using clues from

Choices:
A. humus.
B. soil.
C. gravel.
D. fossils.

Answer: D

Question: Sedimentary rock helps scientists piece together the history of Earth most likely using clues from
Answer:


Question: Which tool should a student use to see the patterns on a small object?

Choices:
A. balance
B. hand lens
C. thermometer
D. graduated cylinder

Answer: B

Question: Which tool should a student use to see the patterns on a small object?
Answer:


Question: What does a light-year measure?

Choices:
A. time
B. mass
C. distance
D. brightness

Answer: C

Question: What does a light-year measure?
Answer:


Question: Upwelling moves the water of the deep ocean to the ocean's surface. What else does upwelling move to the surface?

Choices:
A. fish
B. nutrients
C. phytoplankton
D. dissolved gases

Answer: B

Question: Upwelling moves the water of the deep ocean to the ocean's surface. What else does upwelling move to the surface?
Answer:


Question: In order for plants to grow, the cells require nutrients in the form of minerals. The minerals come from

Choices:
A. soil.
B. air.
C. water.
D. pollen.

Answer: A

Question: In order for plants to grow, the cells require nutrients in the form of minerals. The minerals come from
Answer:


Question: A student put a metal pot on the stove to boil some water. The metal transferred heat to the water through

Choices:
A. radiation.
B. insulation.
C. convection.
D. conduction.

Answer: D

Question: A student put a metal pot on the stove to boil some water. The metal transferred heat to the water through
Answer:


Question: Which statement about plant and animals cells is true?

Choices:
A. Both have a cell wall to give them support.
B. Both have a large vacuole to store water.
C. Both use mitochondria to produce energy.
D. Both use chloroplasts to store energy.

Answer: C

Both use mitochondria to produce energy.

Question: Which statement about plant and animals cells is true?
Answer:


Question: Tides on Earth are mostly caused by the gravitational pull of

Choices:
A. the Sun.
B. stars.
C. the Moon.
D. asteroids.

Answer: C

Question: Tides on Earth are mostly caused by the gravitational pull of
Answer:


Question: Which of the following is most important in producing the seasons on Earth?

Choices:
A. Earth's gravitational attraction to the Sun
B. the Moon's revolution around Earth
C. the distance of Earth from the Sun
D. the tilt of Earth's axis as it revolves around the Sun

Answer: D

the tilt of Earth's axis as it revolves around the Sun

Question: Which of the following is most important in producing the seasons on Earth?
Answer:


Question: A book placed on a table is observed to remain stationary. Which statement about the observation would be considered a fact rather than an opinion?

Choices:
A. The book is not very heavy.
B. The table pushes up on the book.
C. The book probably has a sticky cover.
D. The table is composed of a stronger material than the book.

Answer: B

Question: A book placed on a table is observed to remain stationary. Which statement about the observation would be considered a fact rather than an opinion?
Answer:


Question: Old, worn-out rubber tires are called scrap tires. Which way of disposing of scrap tires is best for the environment?

Choices:
A. burning the tires
B. dumping the tires in a lake
C. burying the tires in a landfill
D. taking the tires to a recycling center

Answer: D

Question: Old, worn-out rubber tires are called scrap tires. Which way of disposing of scrap tires is best for the environment?
Answer:


Question: Small grasshoppers shed their outer covering as they grow larger. Which animal also sheds its outer covering as it grows larger?

Choices:
A. frog
B. snake
C. fish
D. human

Answer: B

Question: Small grasshoppers shed their outer covering as they grow larger. Which animal also sheds its outer covering as it grows larger?
Answer:


Question: Which example best illustrates kinetic energy?

Choices:
A. a light bulb that is turned on
B. a car that is parked on top of a hill
C. a comet that is flying through space
D. a battery that is connected to a circuit

Answer: C

Question: Which example best illustrates kinetic energy?
Answer:


Question: Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. Which organs are used in reproduction?

Choices:
A. brain, spinal cord, and eyes
B. lungs, esophagus, and heart
C. mouth, stomach, and gallbladder
D. ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes

Answer: D

Question: Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. Which organs are used in reproduction?
Answer:


Question: Which would help conserve water?

Choices:
A. Turn off water while brushing teeth
B. Wash the car every day
C. Water the lawn every day
D. Run the dishwasher after each meal

Answer: A

Question: Which would help conserve water?
Answer:


Question: A model of the Moon would be different from a model of Earth in that the Moon should

Choices:
A. be smaller than Earth.
B. have a source of light inside.
C. have a smoother surface than Earth.
D. have fewer impact craters on the surface.

Answer: A

Question: A model of the Moon would be different from a model of Earth in that the Moon should
Answer:


Question: Which metric units should be used to describe the mass of an object?

Choices:
A. centimeters
B. liters
C. grams
D. degrees Celsius

Answer: C

Question: Which metric units should be used to describe the mass of an object?
Answer:


Question: Binary stars orbit around the center of mass of the two stars. What causes the stars to remain together?

Choices:
A. gravity between the stars
B. energy released from the stars
C. nuclear reactions in the stars
D. magnetic attraction between the stars

Answer: A

Question: Binary stars orbit around the center of mass of the two stars. What causes the stars to remain together?
Answer:


Question: Kudzu vines grow by climbing and wrapping around trees. Trees covered by kudzu can die because they are starved of sunlight. What type of relationship exists between the trees and the kudzu growing on them?

Choices:
A. competition
B. mutualism
C. parasitism
D. predator-prey

Answer: A

Question: Kudzu vines grow by climbing and wrapping around trees. Trees covered by kudzu can die because they are starved of sunlight. What type of relationship exists between the trees and the kudzu growing on them?
Answer:


Question: As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, which occurrence is most likely a long-term result?

Choices:
A. The polar ice caps will melt.
B. Volcanoes will erupt more often.
C. The number of earthquakes will decrease.
D. Rainforests will be unable to support animal life.

Answer: A

Question: As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, which occurrence is most likely a long-term result?
Answer:


Question: A donkey and a horse can be bred to produce a mule. Which observation is evidence that donkeys and horses are two different species?

Choices:
A. They have different body sizes.
B. A mule is not able to reproduce.
C. They are found in different environments.
D. A mule does not resemble either parent.

Answer: B

Question: A donkey and a horse can be bred to produce a mule. Which observation is evidence that donkeys and horses are two different species?
Answer:


Question: A student is investigating solar energy by cooking food in an oven powered by the Sun. On which of the following days will the food cook most quickly?

Choices:
A. a warm, rainy day
B. a warm, sunny day
C. a warm, cloudy day
D. a hot, cloudy day

Answer: B

Question: A student is investigating solar energy by cooking food in an oven powered by the Sun. On which of the following days will the food cook most quickly?
Answer:


Question: Which temperature is the freezing point of water?

Choices:
A. 0°F
B. 32°F
C. 50°F
D. 100°F

Answer: B

Question: Which temperature is the freezing point of water?
Answer:


Question: Which of these is the most important product of Virginia forests?

Choices:
A. Pecan trees
B. Pine cones
C. Hardwood lumber
D. Maple leaves

Answer: C

Question: Which of these is the most important product of Virginia forests?
Answer:


Question: It takes 365 days for

Choices:
A. Earth to travel halfway around the Sun.
B. the Moon to travel halfway around Earth.
C. Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun.
D. the Moon to complete one orbit around Earth.

Answer: C

Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun.


Question: Which of the following are formed when two crustal plates collide with one another?

Choices:
A. hot spots
B. rift valleys
C. mountain ranges
D. mid-ocean ridges

Answer: C

Question: Which of the following are formed when two crustal plates collide with one another?
Answer:


Question: Which type of substances serves as a catalyst for reactions that break large food molecules into smaller useful molecules?

Choices:
A. enzymes
B. vitamins
C. lipids
D. nucleotides

Answer: A

Question: Which type of substances serves as a catalyst for reactions that break large food molecules into smaller useful molecules?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following has the greatest direct influence on movement of the lithosphere?

Choices:
A. the Sun
B. the Moon
C. Earth's core
D. Earth's mantle

Answer: D

Question: Which of the following has the greatest direct influence on movement of the lithosphere?
Answer:


Question: Which statement best describes the motion of the molecules of a solid object?

Choices:
A. They vibrate in place within a fixed volume.
B. They move around freely within a fixed volume.
C. They vibrate in place and take the shape of a container.
D. They move around freely and take the shape of a container.

Answer: A

They vibrate in place within a fixed volume.

Question: Which statement best describes the motion of the molecules of a solid object?
Answer:


Question: The first organisms to occupy an area after a prairie fire are known as

Choices:
A. primary species.
B. secondary species.
C. succession species.
D. pioneer species.

Answer: D

Question: The first organisms to occupy an area after a prairie fire are known as
Answer:


Question: In order for Galileo to build a telescope, he needed to know about

Choices:
A. lenses.
B. metals.
C. chemical mixtures.
D. the making of leather.

Answer: A

Question: In order for Galileo to build a telescope, he needed to know about
Answer:


Question: When air rises over the open ocean, a low pressure system is formed. Which factor increases the potential of a low pressure system developing into a hurricane in the Northern Hemisphere?

Choices:
A. cool ocean currents circulating towards the equator
B. increased volcanic activity in the upper latitudes
C. cold air moving south from the North Pole
D. warm water temperatures in the tropics

Answer: D

Question: When air rises over the open ocean, a low pressure system is formed. Which factor increases the potential of a low pressure system developing into a hurricane in the Northern Hemisphere?
Answer:


Question: Mountains are most likely formed

Choices:
A. when glaciers melt.
B. from earthquakes.
C. when land sinks.
D. along tectonic plates.

Answer: D

Question: Mountains are most likely formed
Answer:


Question: Ella waves good-bye from the bus. What body system pulls on bones to let Ella wave her arm?

Choices:
A. muscular system
B. nervous system
C. digestive system
D. circulatory system

Answer: A

Question: Ella waves good-bye from the bus. What body system pulls on bones to let Ella wave her arm?
Answer:


Question: Nutrients are recycled when materials decompose in an ecosystem. Which is the best example of the decomposition process where organic material is recycled in an ecosystem?

Choices:
A. a hawk eating a mouse
B. worms tunneling through soil
C. bacteria feeding on dead plants
D. a plant using nitrogen to make proteins

Answer: C

Question: Nutrients are recycled when materials decompose in an ecosystem. Which is the best example of the decomposition process where organic material is recycled in an ecosystem?
Answer:


Question: The shape of the moon appears to change regularly during each month. Which of the following best explains why the shape of the moon appears to change?

Choices:
A. The Earth turns on its axis.
B. The Moon turns on its axis.
C. The Moon orbits around the Earth.
D. Clouds cover the Moon.

Answer: C

Question: The shape of the moon appears to change regularly during each month. Which of the following best explains why the shape of the moon appears to change?
Answer:


Question: A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?

Choices:
A. wash hands
B. turn off all equipment
C. put away all glassware
D. wash instruments and table tops

Answer: A

Question: A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?
Answer:


Question: All living and nonliving material is composed of

Choices:
1. air
2. elements
3. water
4. soil

Answer: 2

Question: All living and nonliving material is composed of
Answer:


Question: Which is a statement about climate?

Choices:
A. The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.
B. The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.
C. The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.
D. The average high temperature in May is 20°C.

Answer: D

The average high temperature in May is 20°C.

Question: Which is a statement about climate?
Answer:


Question: Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?

Choices:
A. Sunflower plant
B. Mushroom
C. Sunfish
D. Luna moth

Answer: A

Question: Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?
Answer:


Question: Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?

Choices:
A. capable of reproducing by meiosis
B. ability to reproduce without a mate
C. ability to produce genetically different offspring
D. capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent

Answer: C

ability to produce genetically different offspring

Question: Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?
Answer:


Question: A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?

Choices:
A. The mass of the atom increases.
B. The atom becomes an isotope.
C. The atomic number decreases.
D. The atom becomes a positive ion.

Answer: D

Question: A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?
Answer:


Question: A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?

Choices:
A. It boils.
B. It melts.
C. It dissolves.
D. It evaporates.

Answer: C

Question: A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?
Answer:


Question: A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making

Choices:
1. an inference
2. a hypothesis
3. a prediction
4. an observation

Answer: 4

Question: A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making
Answer:


Question: Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?

Choices:
A. strong odor
B. poor hearing
C. weak eyesight
D. shivering

Answer: A

Question: Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?
Answer:


Question: A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?

Choices:
A. weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks
B. pressure on the rock formation inside Earth
C. a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded
D. a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash

Answer: B

pressure on the rock formation inside Earth

Question: A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?
Answer:


Question: Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?

Choices:
A. root
B. stem
C. flower
D. leaf

Answer: A

Question: Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?
Answer:


Question: A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will

Choices:
A. evaporate sooner.
B. take longer to increase in temperature.
C. condense over a longer period.
D. chemically break down at a faster rate.

Answer: B

Question: A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will
Answer:


Question: Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?

Choices:
A. fish births increase
B. fish populations decrease
C. sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases
D. the rate of water runoff into the bay increases

Answer: B

Question: Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?
Answer:


Question: How often does Earth rotate on its axis?

Choices:
A. once every 12 hours
B. once every 24 hours
C. once every month
D. once every year

Answer: B

Question: How often does Earth rotate on its axis?
Answer:


Question: A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?

Choices:
A. Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.
B. Beaches would form from different materials.
C. Sand dunes would become smaller.
D. Deltas would become larger.

Answer: A

Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.

Question: A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?
Answer:


Question: Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?

Choices:
A. biomass
B. coal
C. gas
D. oil

Answer: A

Question: Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?
Answer:


Question: An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?

Choices:
A. a fish
B. a reptile
C. a mammal
D. an amphibian

Answer: B

Question: An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?
Answer:


Question: The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and

Choices:
A. the initial velocity of the object.
B. the forces acting on the object.
C. the direction of movement of the object.
D. the change in kinetic energy of the object.

Answer: B

Question: The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and
Answer:


Question: How do plants get water and minerals?

Choices:
A. absorbed from the soil though the roots
B. absorbed from the soil through the stem
C. absorbed from the air through the flowers
D. absorbed from the air through the leaves

Answer: A

Question: How do plants get water and minerals?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?

Choices:
A. a ceramic dish
B. a wooden block
C. a short steel rod
D. a new rubber hose

Answer: D

Question: Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?
Answer:


Question: Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?

Choices:
A. circulatory
B. digestive
C. endocrine
D. nervous

Answer: B

Question: Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?
Answer:


Question: A broken bone heals through the process of

Choices:
1. adaptation
2. mutation
3. cell division
4. chemical digestion

Answer: 3

Question: A broken bone heals through the process of
Answer:


Question: What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?

Choices:
A. rock cycle
B. erosion cycle
C. magma cycle
D. tectonic cycle

Answer: A

Question: What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?
Answer:


Question: The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?

Choices:
A. law of independent assortment
B. law of dominance
C. law of segregation
D. law of recessiveness

Answer: A

Question: The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?
Answer:


Question: When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?

Choices:
A. carbon dioxide
B. oxygen
C. sulfur dioxide
D. water

Answer: D

Question: When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?
Answer:


Question: Why do identical twins usually look like each other?

Choices:
A. They were born on the same day.
B. They have the same kinds of interests.
C. They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.
D. They were taught the same kinds of things at home.

Answer: C

They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.

Question: Why do identical twins usually look like each other?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?

Choices:
A. Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.
B. Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.
C. Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.
D. Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter.

Answer: A

Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.

Question: Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?
Answer:


Question: Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?

Choices:
A. evaporation
B. freezing
C. melting
D. precipitation

Answer: C

Question: Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?
Answer:


Question: An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the

Choices:
A. Arctic Ocean.
B. Amazon Rain Forest.
C. Intracoastal Waterway, Florida.
D. Mojave Desert, California.

Answer: A

Question: An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the
Answer:


Question: A solar eclipse occurs when

Choices:
A. the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.
B. the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.
C. Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.
D. Earth's shadow falls on the Sun.

Answer: A

Question: A solar eclipse occurs when
Answer:


Question: The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?

Choices:
A. from fusion in red giants
B. in molecular clouds of gas
C. in radiation from black holes
D. from large fragments of antimatter

Answer: B

Question: The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?
Answer:


Question: What chemical symbol represents the element copper?

Choices:
A. C
B. Co
C. Cp
D. Cu

Answer: D

Question: What chemical symbol represents the element copper?
Answer:


Question: A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?

Choices:
A. The ball has light energy.
B. The ball has kinetic energy.
C. The ball is transferring sound energy to the air.
D. The ball is transferring light energy to the air.

Answer: B

Question: A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?
Answer:


Question: The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?

Choices:
A. to digest food
B. to help in defense
C. to eliminate waste
D. to enable movement

Answer: C

Question: The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?
Answer:


Question: The finest-grained soils are richest in

Choices:
A. sand.
B. humus.
C. clay.
D. iron.

Answer: C

Question: The finest-grained soils are richest in
Answer:


Question: The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?

Choices:
A. molting
B. migration
C. photosynthesis
D. metamorphosis

Answer: D

Question: The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?
Answer:


Question: Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not

Choices:
A. explore alone.
B. listen to instructions.
C. take notes.
D. bring water.

Answer: A

Question: Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not
Answer:


Question: Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?

Choices:
A. Inner core
B. Crust
C. Outer core
D. Mantle

Answer: B

Question: Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?
Answer:


Question: Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?

Choices:
A. prevents mutation
B. maintains genetic diversity
C. reduces the number of genes
D. creates competition between siblings

Answer: B

Question: Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?
Answer:


Question: A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will

Choices:
A. flatten due to the forces.
B. fall at a constant speed.
C. continue to speed up.
D. slow to a stop.

Answer: B

Question: A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will
Answer:


Question: Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?

Choices:
A. It decreases the cost of cars.
B. It increases the speed at which cars can travel.
C. It decreases injuries to passengers in cars.
D. It increases the comfort of passengers in cars.

Answer: C

It decreases injuries to passengers in cars.

Question: Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?
Answer:


Question: In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of

Choices:
1. blood
2. minerals
3. Calories
4. DNA

Answer: 4

Question: In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of
Answer:


Question: In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?

Choices:
A. metamorphic
B. sedimentary
C. igneous
D. weathered

Answer: C

Question: In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?

Choices:
A. molecule
B. compound
C. solution
D. mixture

Answer: A

Question: Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?
Answer:


Question: Metals that easily transfer electricity are called

Choices:
A. resistors.
B. magnets.
C. insulators.
D. conductors.

Answer: D

Question: Metals that easily transfer electricity are called
Answer:


Question: The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves

Choices:
A. that travel through the object
B. that are absorbed by the object
C. that are reflected by the object
D. that travel around the object

Answer: C

Question: The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves
Answer:


Question: Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?

Choices:
A. increased digestion rate
B. growth of additional teeth
C. reduction of respiration rate
D. production of more red blood cells

Answer: D

Question: Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?
Answer:


Question: During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?

Choices:
A. proteins
B. vitamins
C. triglycerides
D. carbohydrates

Answer: D

Question: During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?
Answer:


Question: Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?

Choices:
A. Perspiration rids the body of excess water.
B. Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.
C. Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen.
D. Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature.

Answer: D

Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature.

Question: Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?
Answer:


Question: In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?

Choices:
A. filter the salt
B. freeze the mixture
C. evaporate the water
D. pour the water out of the container

Answer: C

Question: In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?
Answer:


Question: What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?

Choices:
A. They have a high water content.
B. They are the best source of protein.
C. They are rich in minerals and vitamins.
D. They are the best source of carbohydrates.

Answer: C

Question: What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?
Answer:


Question: An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?

Choices:
A. the time of day the seeds are planted
B. the amount of fruit picked after dark
C. the type of soil in which the crops are grown
D. the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop

Answer: C

the type of soil in which the crops are grown

Question: An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?
Answer:


Question: What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?

Choices:
A. closed circuit
B. parallel circuit
C. series circuit
D. short circuit

Answer: B

Question: What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?
Answer:


Question: If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?

Choices:
A. bass
B. minnows
C. aquatic plants
D. fish-eating birds

Answer: D

Question: If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?
Answer:


Question: A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?

Choices:
A. weight
B. density
C. conductivity
D. mass

Answer: B

Question: A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?
Answer:


Question: What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?

Choices:
A. heat energy
B. kinetic energy
C. electrical energy
D. electromagnetic energy

Answer: D

Question: What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?
Answer:


Question: Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?

Choices:
A. density
B. mass
C. temperature
D. volume

Answer: B

Question: Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?
Answer:


Question: Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?

Choices:
A. color
B. hardness
C. cleavage
D. luster

Answer: B

Question: Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?
Answer:


Question: The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to

Choices:
A. the number of valence electrons.
B. the ratio of protons to neutrons.
C. how tightly atoms are packed.
D. the number of neutrons in atoms.

Answer: A

Question: The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to
Answer:


Question: What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?

Choices:
A. soil, water, and oxygen
B. oxygen, sunlight, and soil
C. carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil
D. sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide

Answer: D

Question: What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?

Choices:
A. 100%
B. 90%
C. 70%
D. 3%

Answer: D

Question: Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?
Answer:


Question: Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?

Choices:
A. to reduce the amount of work for all involved
B. to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people
C. to obtain results quickly in a short period of time
D. to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects

Answer: D

to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects

Question: Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?
Answer:


Question: Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by

Choices:
A. spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.
B. ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.
C. carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.
D. transferring heat to and from various regions.

Answer: D

transferring heat to and from various regions.

Question: Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by
Answer:


Question: When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a

Choices:
A. chemical reaction.
B. physical reaction.
C. change in density.
D. change in temperature.

Answer: A

Question: When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a
Answer:


Question: Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?

Choices:
A. selective breeding
B. medical gene repair
C. genetic engineering
D. cell metabolism analysis

Answer: C

Question: Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?
Answer:


Question: Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?

Choices:
A. grass to sleep in
B. large trees to climb
C. predators to chase it
D. small animals to eat

Answer: D

Question: Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?
Answer:


Question: About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?

Choices:
A. 1 year
B. 1 week
C. 1 day
D. 1 hour

Answer: A

Question: About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?
Answer:


Question: Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?

Choices:
A. electrical to heat
B. heat to chemical
C. electrical to chemical
D. heat to mechanical

Answer: A

Question: Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?
Answer:


Question: Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?

Choices:
1. nuclear
2. light
3. chemical
4. sound

Answer: 4

Question: Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?
Answer:


Question: Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?

Choices:
A. dialysis machine
B. electrocardiogram
C. electroencephalogram
D. automatic external defibrillator

Answer: B

Question: Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?
Answer:


Question: Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?

Choices:
A. element
B. compound
C. mixture
D. solution

Answer: C

Question: Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?
Answer:


Question: A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to

Choices:
A. increase the amount of current.
B. reverse the current's direction.
C. stop the current.
D. accelerate the current.

Answer: C

Question: A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to
Answer:


Question: Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?

Choices:
A. nervous and respiratory systems
B. digestive and endocrine systems
C. muscular and immune systems
D. skeletal and cardiac systems

Answer: B

Question: Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?
Answer:


Question: How do plants affect their environment?

Choices:
A. Plants clean the soil.
B. Plants make sunlight brighter.
C. Plants make food used by other organisms.
D. Plants create water

Answer: C

Plants make food used by other organisms.

Question: How do plants affect their environment?
Answer:


Question: Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?

Choices:
A. to digest food
B. to help in defense
C. to eliminate waste
D. to enable movement

Answer: C

Question: Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?
Answer:


Question: Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?

Choices:
A. Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer
B. Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer
C. Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer
D. Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer

Answer: B

Question: Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?
Answer:


Question: One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?

Choices:
A. to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe
B. to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces
C. to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air
D. to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard

Answer: A

to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe

Question: One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?

Choices:
A. to insulate the electrical wire
B. to keep the electrical wire warm
C. to make the electrical wire stronger
D. to make the electrical wire more flexible

Answer: A

Question: Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?
Answer:


Question: Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?

Choices:
A. a polar bear that has dark-colored fur
B. a deer with long legs
C. a rabbit that can run fast
D. a hummingbird with a long beak

Answer: A

Question: Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?
Answer:


Question: A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by

Choices:
A. shining a light on the mineral.
B. soaking the mineral in water.
C. rubbing a penny against the mineral.
D. breaking off a piece of the mineral.

Answer: D

Question: A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by
Answer:


Question: Which energy source could involve a dam?

Choices:
A. biomass
B. solar power
C. geothermal energy
D. hydroelectric power

Answer: D

Question: Which energy source could involve a dam?
Answer:


Question: Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?

Choices:
A. rotation
B. day
C. orbit
D. phase

Answer: C

Question: Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?
Answer:


Question: Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?

Choices:
A. through exposure to air
B. by absorbing sunlight
C. through decaying matter
D. by rocks eroding

Answer: C

Question: Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?
Answer:


Question: Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?

Choices:
A. crude oil
B. fresh water
C. thermal energy
D. salt reserves

Answer: A

Question: Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?
Answer:


Question: Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?

Choices:
A. condensation
B. transpiration
C. evaporation
D. precipitation

Answer: C

Question: Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?
Answer:


Question: When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become

Choices:
1. extinct
2. dominant
3. diverse
4. overpopulated

Answer: 1

Question: When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become
Answer:


Question: Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?

Choices:
A. to find mates
B. to find shelter
C. to escape predators
D. to find water and food

Answer: D

Question: Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?
Answer:


Question: The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?

Choices:
A. compass
B. protractor
C. meter stick
D. spring scale

Answer: B

Question: The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?
Answer:


Question: An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was

Choices:
A. 10 mL.
B. 20 mL.
C. 30 mL.
D. 40 mL.

Answer: D

Question: An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was
Answer:


Question: Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?

Choices:
A. nervous and muscle
B. muscle and endocrine
C. nervous and digestive
D. reproductive and circulatory

Answer: A

Question: Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?
Answer:


Question: When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.

Choices:
A. worms
B. cocoons
C. caterpillars
D. little butterflies

Answer: C

Question: When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.
Answer:


Question: Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?

Choices:
A. The death rate was greater than the birth rate.
B. There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.
C. The birth rate was constant and few moose died.
D. There were no predators to control the population.

Answer: D

There were no predators to control the population.

Question: Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?
Answer:


Question: Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?

Choices:
1. mechanical
2. chemical
3. nuclear
4. electrical

Answer: 1

Question: Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?
Answer:


Question: Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that

Choices:
1. destroy microbes
2. recycle nutrients
3. allow locomotion
4. coordinate movement

Answer: 1

Question: Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that
Answer:


Question: What causes day and night on Earth?

Choices:
A. tilting of Earth's axis
B. rotation of Earth on its axis
C. movement of Earth around the sun
D. movement of the sun around Earth

Answer: B

Question: What causes day and night on Earth?
Answer:


Question: The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?

Choices:
A. swamp
B. prairie
C. forest
D. tundra

Answer: B

Question: The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?
Answer:


Question: Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it

Choices:
A. saves time.
B. saves trees.
C. creates energy.
D. reduces pollution.

Answer: D

Question: Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it
Answer:


Question: A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?

Choices:
A. average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm
B. count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period
C. record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning
D. calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes

Answer: C

record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning

Question: A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?
Answer:


Question: Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?

Choices:
A. muscular
B. nervous
C. respiratory
D. excretory

Answer: C

Question: Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?
Answer:


Question: Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?

Choices:
A. an earthquake
B. a landslide
C. a volcano
D. an avalanche

Answer: A

Question: Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?
Answer:


Question: Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?

Choices:
A. Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.
B. Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.
C. Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.
D. Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating.

Answer: B

Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.

Question: Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?
Answer:


Question: Which is an inherited trait?

Choices:
A. dimples
B. scrapes
C. short hair
D. dirty fingernails

Answer: A

Question: Which is an inherited trait?
Answer:


Question: In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?

Choices:
A. melting and cooling
B. heating and pressure
C. weathering and erosion
D. crystallization and cooling

Answer: D

Question: In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?
Answer:


Question: Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?

Choices:
A. digestive
B. excretory
C. immune
D. respiratory

Answer: C

Question: Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?
Answer:


Question: Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?

Choices:
A. oceans
B. rivers
C. lakes
D. polar ice caps

Answer: D

Question: Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?
Answer:


Question: Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the

Choices:
1. structure of Earth's interior
2. depth of the oceans
3. cause of dinosaur extinction
4. age of Earth

Answer: 1

Question: Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the
Answer:


Question: The frequency of a wave is measured in

Choices:
A. hertz.
B. meters.
C. hertz/second.
D. meters/minute.

Answer: A

Question: The frequency of a wave is measured in
Answer:


Question: Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?

Choices:
A. The fossils changed locations.
B. The area had a shift in climate.
C. The land was once underwater.
D. A glacier once covered the area.

Answer: C

Question: Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following is an inherited human trait?

Choices:
A. eye color
B. sleep patterns
C. sense of balance
D. sense of humor

Answer: A

Question: Which of the following is an inherited human trait?
Answer:


Question: The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?

Choices:
A. Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.
B. Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.
C. The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.
D. The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room.

Answer: C

The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.

Question: The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?
Answer:


Question: What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

Choices:
A. CO
B. CO2
C. C
D. O2

Answer: B

Question: What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?
Answer:


Question: Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?

Choices:
A. reflecting
B. polarizing
C. diffracting
D. refracting

Answer: D

Question: Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?
Answer:


Question: A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?

Choices:
A. Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.
B. Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.
C. Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.
D. Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.

Answer: D

Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.

Question: A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?
Answer:


Question: Deposition of sediment will most likely form a

Choices:
A. cave.
B. delta.
C. river.
D. mountain.

Answer: B

Question: Deposition of sediment will most likely form a
Answer:


Question: In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?

Choices:
A. deer
B. eagles
C. frogs
D. snakes

Answer: B

Question: In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?
Answer:


Question: A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both

Choices:
A. are living organisms.
B. need to search for food.
C. make their own food.
D. are non-living organisms.

Answer: A

Question: A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both
Answer:


Question: Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as

Choices:
A. an atom
B. a reactant
C. an element
D. a compound

Answer: D

Question: Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as
Answer:


Question: Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?

Choices:
A. mass
B. shape
C. density
D. volume

Answer: C

Question: Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?
Answer:


Question: Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?

Choices:
A. propulsion
B. suspension
C. control
D. structure

Answer: C

Question: Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?
Answer:


Question: It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?

Choices:
A. global warming
B. decreased winds
C. the start of an ice age
D. increased desertification

Answer: A

Question: It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?
Answer:


Question: Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?

Choices:
A. conclusion
B. hypothesis
C. control group
D. experimental group

Answer: C

Question: Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?

Choices:
A. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms
B. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
C. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms
D. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms

Answer: B

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Question: Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?
Answer:


Question: Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?

Choices:
A. momentum
B. power
C. pressure
D. work

Answer: D

Question: Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?
Answer:


Question: When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?

Choices:
A. heat
B. current
C. wave motion
D. magnetic force

Answer: C

Question: When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?
Answer:


Question: A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?

Choices:
A. test tube
B. meter stick
C. balance scale
D. graduated cylinder

Answer: D

Question: A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?
Answer:


Question: The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?

Choices:
A. Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.
B. Nitrogen atoms are different ages.
C. Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.
D. Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy.

Answer: C

Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.

Question: The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?
Answer:


Question: A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?

Choices:
A. gradual climate change
B. continued climate stability
C. sudden global climate change
D. gradual ecosystem succession

Answer: C

Question: A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?
Answer:


Question: A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?

Choices:
A. area
B. mass
C. weight
D. volume

Answer: B

Question: A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?
Answer:


Question: Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?

Choices:
A. nervous
B. digestive
C. circulatory
D. integumentary

Answer: D

Question: Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?
Answer:


Question: Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished

Choices:
A. metals
B. nonmetals
C. elements
D. compounds

Answer: A

Question: Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished
Answer:


Question: Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?

Choices:
A. Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.
B. Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency.
C. Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.
D. Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.

Answer: D

Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.

Question: Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?
Answer:


Question: Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?

Choices:
A. the surface temperature
B. the distance from Earth
C. the distance from the Sun
D. the gases that compose the star

Answer: A

Question: Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?
Answer:


Question: Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?

Choices:
A. similar physical features
B. low mutation rate
C. small population
D. genetic diversity

Answer: D

Question: Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?
Answer:


Question: Which of these things will dissolve in water?

Choices:
A. iron filings
B. wood chips
C. sand
D. sugar

Answer: D

Question: Which of these things will dissolve in water?
Answer:


Question: n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?

Choices:
A. Genes control inherited traits in organisms.
B. Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.
C. Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.
D. Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.

Answer: A

Genes control inherited traits in organisms.

Question: n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?
Answer:


Question: The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?

Choices:
A. The speed of the particles decreases.
B. The particles begin to move in a straight line.
C. The particles begin to move with a greater force.
D. The motion of the particles becomes more random.

Answer: A

Question: The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?
Answer:


Question: The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of

Choices:
A. protons.
B. neutrons.
C. electrons.
D. orbitals.

Answer: A

Question: The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of
Answer:


Question: In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of

Choices:
A. precipitation.
B. condensation.
C. evaporation.
D. transpiration.

Answer: A

Question: In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of
Answer:


Question: In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?

Choices:
A. air temperature
B. wind speed
C. amount of precipitation
D. number of cloudy days

Answer: A

Question: In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?
Answer:


Question: About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?

Choices:
A. one day
B. one week
C. one month
D. one year

Answer: D

Question: About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?
Answer:


Question: The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?

Choices:
A. The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.
B. The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen.
C. The Sun is losing mass and helium.
D. The Sun is losing volume and helium.

Answer: A

Question: The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?
Answer:


Question: When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of

Choices:
A. a solute.
B. an element.
C. a mineral.
D. a mixture.

Answer: D

Question: When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of
Answer:


Question: Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of

Choices:
A. condensation.
B. evaporation.
C. freezing.
D. melting.

Answer: B

Question: Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of
Answer:


Question: Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?

Choices:
A. Some diseases can be treated.
B. Purple clothing can be made.
C. Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.
D. Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine.

Answer: C

Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.

Question: Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?
Answer:


Question: Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?

Choices:
A. hawk
B. mushroom
C. mouse
D. grass

Answer: B

Question: Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?
Answer:


Question: Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?

Choices:
A. carbon dioxide and water
B. oxygen and carbon dioxide
C. carbon dioxide and food
D. oxygen and food

Answer: A

Question: Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?
Answer:


Question: Cell division is necessary for an organism to

Choices:
A. obtain nutrients.
B. grow and reproduce.
C. make proteins.
D. conserve matter and energy.

Answer: B

Question: Cell division is necessary for an organism to
Answer:


Question: The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?

Choices:
A. to make sugar in the leaves
B. to use starch from the stems
C. to move water to the flowers
D. to get nutrients through the roots

Answer: A

Question: The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?
Answer:


Question: Clara says that her school is in a desert. Which fact about her schoolyard most helps her claim?

Choices:
A. The schoolyard has few trees.
B. The schoolyard has rocks and sand.
C. The schoolyard gets warm in the summer.
D. The schoolyard gets little rain during the year.

Answer: D

The schoolyard gets little rain during the year.

Question: Clara says that her school is in a desert. Which fact about her schoolyard most helps her claim?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun?

Choices:
A. Earth
B. Mars
C. Mercury
D. Venus

Answer: C

Question: Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following compounds is most likely to be part of living organisms?

Choices:
A. C?H??O?
B. BF?
C. MoCl?
D. CsI

Answer: A

Question: Which of the following compounds is most likely to be part of living organisms?
Answer:


Question: Which items would be most useful at home during a power failure?

Choices:
A. flashlights and extra batteries
B. hats and sunscreen
C. raincoats and umbrellas
D. insect spray and jackets

Answer: A

Question: Which items would be most useful at home during a power failure?
Answer:


Question: Which is an example of mechanical weathering?

Choices:
A. a rockslide
B. a volcano erupting
C. an earthquake occurring
D. a rock freezing and thawing

Answer: D

Question: Which is an example of mechanical weathering?
Answer:


Question: To calculate the relative age of rocks, geologists use the rate of radioactive decay of isotopes present in their samples. What is the term used for the original amount of the elemental isotopes being investigated?

Choices:
A. rare earth isotopes
B. son isotopes
C. daughter isotopes
D. parent isotopes

Answer: D

Question: To calculate the relative age of rocks, geologists use the rate of radioactive decay of isotopes present in their samples. What is the term used for the original amount of the elemental isotopes being investigated?
Answer:


Question: Which four elements make up most of the human body?

Choices:
A. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
B. silicon, calcium, oxygen, aluminum
C. carbon, sodium, hydrogen, oxygen
D. sulfur, phosphorous, calcium, nitrogen

Answer: A

Question: Which four elements make up most of the human body?
Answer:


Question: An experiment was performed at sea-level. 400 mL of water was put in 4 different-shaped containers and placed on hot plates with 4 different temperature settings as shown below. Beaker - 110°C Petri dish - 95°C Erlenmeyer flask - 60°C Round bottom bowl - 45°C Which characteristic of water remained the same in each container?

Choices:
A. the shape of the water
B. the rate of evaporation
C. the boiling point of water
D. the amount of steam released per minute

Answer: C

Question: An experiment was performed at sea-level. 400 mL of water was put in 4 different-shaped containers and placed on hot plates with 4 different temperature settings as shown below. Beaker - 110°C Petri dish - 95°C Erlenmeyer flask - 60°C Round bottom bowl - 45°C Which characteristic of water remained the same in each container?
Answer:


Question: The hereditary material in corn plants can be altered by scientists so the plants produce more corn. Which term identifies this process?

Choices:
1. environmental degradation
2. ecological succession
3. natural selection
4. genetic engineering

Answer: 4

Question: The hereditary material in corn plants can be altered by scientists so the plants produce more corn. Which term identifies this process?
Answer:


Question: The Wright Brothers' invention has had the greatest impact on

Choices:
A. transportation.
B. communication.
C. mass production.
D. space exploration.

Answer: A

Question: The Wright Brothers' invention has had the greatest impact on
Answer:


Question: Which of these is an example of a chemical reaction?

Choices:
A. storing milk by putting it into the freezer
B. milk turning sour when left in a warm place
C. mixing milk into a glass with chocolate powder
D. allowing milk to evaporate, leaving behind powdered milk

Answer: B

milk turning sour when left in a warm place

Question: Which of these is an example of a chemical reaction?
Answer:


Question: In the 1600s a scientist named Anton van Leeuwenhoek worked toward improving microscopes and created his own lenses. With his microscopes, Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria and muscle fibers. Which type of job benefited most from these discoveries?

Choices:
A. glass making
B. astronomy
C. medicine
D. teaching

Answer: C

Question: In the 1600s a scientist named Anton van Leeuwenhoek worked toward improving microscopes and created his own lenses. With his microscopes, Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria and muscle fibers. Which type of job benefited most from these discoveries?
Answer:


Question: Which situation is the best example of an inherited trait?

Choices:
A. a boy playing with a ball
B. a bird building a nest
C. a horse pulling a wagon
D. a dog sitting on command

Answer: B

Question: Which situation is the best example of an inherited trait?
Answer:


Question: In order to survive, all animals need

Choices:
A. heat, water, and soil
B. sunlight, soil, and heat
C. sunlight, air, and food
D. food, water, and air

Answer: D

Question: In order to survive, all animals need
Answer:


Question: In 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?

Choices:
A. Genes control inherited traits in organisms.
B. Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.
C. Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.
D. Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.

Answer: A

Question: In 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?
Answer:


Question: Which tool should be used to measure the stem length of a plant?

Choices:
A. a balance
B. a metric ruler
C. a graduated cylinder
D. a thermometer

Answer: B

Question: Which tool should be used to measure the stem length of a plant?
Answer:


Question: As temperatures increase, which process is responsible for increasing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere?

Choices:
A. ionization
B. evaporation
C. respiration
D. condensation

Answer: B

Question: As temperatures increase, which process is responsible for increasing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere?
Answer:


Question: The Moon revolves around the Earth because of a non-contact force. What force of Earth keeps the Moon in orbit?

Choices:
A. electrical force
B. magnetic force
C. centripetal force
D. gravitational force

Answer: D

Question: The Moon revolves around the Earth because of a non-contact force. What force of Earth keeps the Moon in orbit?
Answer:


Question: What type of galaxy most likely can be described as a large, flat disk surrounded by arms of stars and dust?

Choices:
A. elliptical
B. irregular
C. ring
D. spiral

Answer: D

Question: What type of galaxy most likely can be described as a large, flat disk surrounded by arms of stars and dust?
Answer:


Question: Heart cells have fibers that slide up and down and cause contractions. Which types of specialized cells can contract?

Choices:
A. bone cells
B. nerve cells
C. muscle cells
D. white blood cells

Answer: C

Question: Heart cells have fibers that slide up and down and cause contractions. Which types of specialized cells can contract?
Answer:


Question: A warm-blooded organism that nurses its young would be called

Choices:
A. a bird.
B. an insect.
C. a mammal.
D. a reptile.

Answer: C

Question: A warm-blooded organism that nurses its young would be called
Answer:


Question: Crustal plates that pull apart from one another most likely form

Choices:
A. volcanic island arcs.
B. strike-slip faults.
C. oceanic trenches.
D. rift zones.

Answer: D

Question: Crustal plates that pull apart from one another most likely form
Answer:


Question: Which organism is a producer?

Choices:
A. frog
B. mushroom
C. grass
D. lizard

Answer: C

Question: Which organism is a producer?
Answer:


Question: Mrs. Moyers teaches her students about different energy sources. Which example comes from a renewable source of energy?

Choices:
A. water heated by solar panels
B. food cooked over natural gas
C. electricity produced from coal
D. an engine powered by gasoline

Answer: A

Question: Mrs. Moyers teaches her students about different energy sources. Which example comes from a renewable source of energy?
Answer:


Question: What kind of energy conversion occurs after a candle is lit?

Choices:
A. friction to electrical energy
B. light energy to heat energy
C. mass to kinetic energy
D. chemical energy to light energy

Answer: D

Question: What kind of energy conversion occurs after a candle is lit?
Answer:


Question: What two factors determine the location of an electron around the nucleus of the atom?

Choices:
A. speed and direction of the electron
B. size of the electron and the neutron
C. direction and strength of the electron
D. energy and the attraction of the nucleus

Answer: D

energy and the attraction of the nucleus

Question: What two factors determine the location of an electron around the nucleus of the atom?
Answer:


Question: Which does 12.0 grams represent?

Choices:
A. mass
B. volume
C. speed
D. force

Answer: A

Question: Which does 12.0 grams represent?
Answer:


Question: A neutral atom is best described as having

Choices:
A. more protons than neutrons.
B. more electrons than protons.
C. an equal number of protons and neutrons.
D. an equal number of protons and electrons.

Answer: D

an equal number of protons and electrons.

Question: A neutral atom is best described as having
Answer:


Question: How does the Sun most affect the water cycle?

Choices:
A. The Sun causes the ocean water to evaporate.
B. The Sun creates water droplets in the clouds.
C. The Sun forces water to drain back into the ocean.
D. The Sun makes the clouds produce precipitation.

Answer: A

The Sun causes the ocean water to evaporate.

Question: How does the Sun most affect the water cycle?
Answer:


Question: What is the source of genetic information of offspring produced by sexual reproduction?

Choices:
A. the father only
B. the mother only
C. the mother and the father
D. neither the mother nor the father

Answer: C

Question: What is the source of genetic information of offspring produced by sexual reproduction?
Answer:


Question: Perry studies the ways in which animals are adapted for survival. Which is a behavioral adaptation that helps the organism to survive?

Choices:
A. the long neck on a giraffe
B. the webbed feet on a duck
C. a bear hibernating in winter
D. a flower attracting a honeybee

Answer: C

Question: Perry studies the ways in which animals are adapted for survival. Which is a behavioral adaptation that helps the organism to survive?
Answer:


Question: What are the building blocks of all matter?

Choices:
A. atoms
B. forces
C. cells
D. vacuoles

Answer: A

Question: What are the building blocks of all matter?
Answer:


Question: Sunlight is able to penetrate the top several meters of marine water, where most plant and animal life exists. Which of these systems are interacting in this description?

Choices:
A. solar energy and ocean systems
B. solar energy and weather systems
C. weather systems and ocean systems
D. solar energy, ocean systems, and weather systems

Answer: A

Question: Sunlight is able to penetrate the top several meters of marine water, where most plant and animal life exists. Which of these systems are interacting in this description?
Answer:


Question: Which temperature and moisture conditions describe an air mass that originates over the Atlantic Ocean near the equator?

Choices:
1. warm and dry
2. warm and humid
3. cool and dry
4. cool and humid

Answer: 2

Question: Which temperature and moisture conditions describe an air mass that originates over the Atlantic Ocean near the equator?
Answer:


Question: Which basic units of matter have the same properties as an element?

Choices:
A. protons
B. electrons
C. atoms
D. neutrons

Answer: C

Question: Which basic units of matter have the same properties as an element?
Answer:


Question: Oil and gas are two sources of energy used in America. Which is the main reason oil and gas may be replaced with other sources of energy in the future?

Choices:
A. Oil and gas produce very little power.
B. Oil and gas work in too few machines.
C. Oil and gas are limited in their supplies.
D. Oil and gas are too costly to remove from the ground.

Answer: C

Oil and gas are limited in their supplies.

Question: Oil and gas are two sources of energy used in America. Which is the main reason oil and gas may be replaced with other sources of energy in the future?
Answer:


Question: Neon (Ne), argon (Ar), and krypton (Kr) are in the same column on the Periodic Table of the Elements. What characteristic do these elements have in common?

Choices:
A. atomic mass
B. negative electrical charge
C. number of neutrons
D. full valence electron shells

Answer: D

Question: Neon (Ne), argon (Ar), and krypton (Kr) are in the same column on the Periodic Table of the Elements. What characteristic do these elements have in common?
Answer:


Question: Which material best conducts electricity?

Choices:
A. wool coat
B. copper pipe
C. plastic straw
D. wooden stick

Answer: B

Question: Which material best conducts electricity?
Answer:


Question: What would happen if a magnet was placed in the center of a plastic bowl containing a mixture of iron filings and sand?

Choices:
A. The sand will be repelled by the magnet.
B. The iron filings will be attracted to the magnet.
C. The sand will be attracted to the magnet.
D. The iron filings will be repelled by the magnet.

Answer: B

The iron filings will be attracted to the magnet.

Question: What would happen if a magnet was placed in the center of a plastic bowl containing a mixture of iron filings and sand?
Answer:


Question: Which is not a significant reason why people are living longer today than 100 years ago?

Choices:
A. development of sugar substitutes
B. development of medicines
C. better health care
D. better nutrition

Answer: A

Question: Which is not a significant reason why people are living longer today than 100 years ago?
Answer:


Question: At approximately which time of day is the Sun at the highest point in the sky to an observer in New York State?

Choices:
A. 6 a.m.
B. noon
C. 6 p.m.
D. midnight

Answer: B

Question: At approximately which time of day is the Sun at the highest point in the sky to an observer in New York State?
Answer:


Question: Which is not a characteristic common to organisms?

Choices:
A. requires energy
B. reproduction
C. rigidity
D. presence of DNA

Answer: C

Question: Which is not a characteristic common to organisms?
Answer:


Question: In a turtle race, each turtle walks one a 3-meter track. If the turtles walk one at a time, how can you tell which turtle was fastest?

Choices:
A. The turtle that started first is fastest.
B. The turtle that finished first is fastest.
C. The turtle that took the shortest time is fastest.
D. The turtle that took the longest time is fastest.

Answer: C

The turtle that took the shortest time is fastest.

Question: In a turtle race, each turtle walks one a 3-meter track. If the turtles walk one at a time, how can you tell which turtle was fastest?
Answer:


Question: Mars is an inner planet and Jupiter is an outer planet. Which best describes the relationship between the two planets?

Choices:
A. They are made of the same materials.
B. They orbit the Sun in opposite directions.
C. They have the same orbital periods around the Sun.
D. They are located on opposite sides of the asteroid belt.

Answer: D

They are located on opposite sides of the asteroid belt.

Question: Mars is an inner planet and Jupiter is an outer planet. Which best describes the relationship between the two planets?
Answer:


Question: Today's limestone caverns were once solid rock. Acidic rainwater seeping through the rock over hundreds of years dissolved part of the rock, forming caverns. This is an example of

Choices:
A. erosion.
B. deposition.
C. physical weathering.
D. chemical weathering.

Answer: D

Question: Today's limestone caverns were once solid rock. Acidic rainwater seeping through the rock over hundreds of years dissolved part of the rock, forming caverns. This is an example of
Answer:


Question: Which factor causes surface ocean currents?

Choices:
A. the Sun
B. the wind
C. the Moon
D. hurricanes

Answer: B

Question: Which factor causes surface ocean currents?
Answer:


Question: In a lab investigation, students had to identify different mineral specimens. Which property is the most reliable for identifying one mineral from another?

Choices:
A. texture
B. hardness
C. crystal shape
D. surface color

Answer: B

Question: In a lab investigation, students had to identify different mineral specimens. Which property is the most reliable for identifying one mineral from another?
Answer:


Question: What would a model of the Sun, Earth, and Moon best help students visualize?

Choices:
A. the phases of the Moon
B. the effects of gravitation
C. the effects of volcanic eruptions
D. the consequences of earthquakes

Answer: A

Question: What would a model of the Sun, Earth, and Moon best help students visualize?
Answer:


Question: Steel is used for cables in suspension bridges because of its capacity for

Choices:
A. tension.
B. torsion.
C. compression.
D. contraction.

Answer: A

Question: Steel is used for cables in suspension bridges because of its capacity for
Answer:


Question: A student placed a rock in a graduated cylinder containing water, causing the water level in the cylinder to increase by 20 mL. This increase represents the rock's

Choices:
1. mass
2. volume
3. solubility
4. temperature

Answer: 2

Question: A student placed a rock in a graduated cylinder containing water, causing the water level in the cylinder to increase by 20 mL. This increase represents the rock's
Answer:


Question: A student is pouring equal amounts of water, maple syrup, and cooking oil into a glass beaker and looking at how the layers settle. Which property of the liquids is the student most likely comparing?

Choices:
A. density
B. mass
C. temperature
D. volume

Answer: A

Question: A student is pouring equal amounts of water, maple syrup, and cooking oil into a glass beaker and looking at how the layers settle. Which property of the liquids is the student most likely comparing?
Answer:


Question: The energy produced by a burner on a gas stove is primarily

Choices:
A. electrical.
B. heat.
C. mechanical.
D. sound.

Answer: B

Question: The energy produced by a burner on a gas stove is primarily
Answer:


Question: A hot pack is a product that releases heat when chemicals inside of it interact. What is taking place inside an active hot pack?

Choices:
A. electric current
B. a net loss of mass
C. thermal insulation
D. an exothermic reaction

Answer: D

Question: A hot pack is a product that releases heat when chemicals inside of it interact. What is taking place inside an active hot pack?
Answer:


Question: A "light year" refers to

Choices:
A. the distance light travels in one year.
B. the of time it takes light to travel from Earth to the Sun.
C. the amount of light required on Earth in one year.
D. the distance between two sources of light.

Answer: A

Question: A "light year" refers to
Answer:


Question: Which of these statements best describes temperature as elevation in the atmosphere increases?

Choices:
A. Temperature remains constant with elevation in the thermosphere.
B. Temperature remains constant with elevation in the mesosphere.
C. Temperature generally decreases with elevation in the stratosphere.
D. Temperature generally decreases with elevation in the troposphere.

Answer: D

Temperature generally decreases with elevation in the troposphere.

Question: Which of these statements best describes temperature as elevation in the atmosphere increases?
Answer:


Question: What major events cause islands to form in the Pacific Ocean?

Choices:
A. tsunamis
B. severe storms
C. volcanic eruptions
D. erosion

Answer: C

Question: What major events cause islands to form in the Pacific Ocean?
Answer:


Question: Many scientists accept the theory that excess emission of carbon dioxide from cars and industry causes a layer of gas in the upper atmosphere that traps heat. This, in turn, causes the average temperature on Earth to rise. Which of the following observations supports that theory?

Choices:
A. The summer of 1998 was one of the hottest summer seasons on record.
B. Carbon dioxide gas from cars and industry is a product of burning that produces heat.
C. Carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere reflects heat radiated from Earth's surface.
D. Radiation on Earth's surface is increasing because of a hole in the ozone layer

Answer: C

Carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere reflects heat radiated from Earth's surface.

Question: Many scientists accept the theory that excess emission of carbon dioxide from cars and industry causes a layer of gas in the upper atmosphere that traps heat. This, in turn, causes the average temperature on Earth to rise. Which of the following observations supports that theory?
Answer:


Question: Which statement describes a property of water that most likely causes large rocks to break apart?

Choices:
A. Water expands when it freezes.
B. Water forms droplets as it falls.
C. Water turns into a gas when it boils.
D. Water takes the shape of its container.

Answer: A

Question: Which statement describes a property of water that most likely causes large rocks to break apart?
Answer:


Question: Overgrazing of land by livestock contributes to a major problem. That problem is

Choices:
A. depletion of ground water
B. increased pollution
C. erosion of soil
D. acid rain

Answer: C

Question: Overgrazing of land by livestock contributes to a major problem. That problem is
Answer:


Question: Anita heats a beaker containing water. As the temperature of the water increases, which change to the water molecules occurs?

Choices:
A. The molecules move at a faster rate.
B. The molecules become more massive.
C. The molecules expand and become wider.
D. The molecules separate into atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.

Answer: A

Question: Anita heats a beaker containing water. As the temperature of the water increases, which change to the water molecules occurs?
Answer:


Question: Which event takes about one year to complete?

Choices:
A. Earth making a complete rotation
B. the Moon making a complete rotation
C. Earth revolving completely around the Sun
D. the Moon revolving completely around Earth

Answer: C

Earth revolving completely around the Sun

Question: Which event takes about one year to complete?
Answer:


Question: Nutrients enter the bloodstream during the process of

Choices:
1. locomotion
2. respiration
3. elimination
4. absorption

Answer: 4

Question: Nutrients enter the bloodstream during the process of
Answer:


Question: A scientist performs an experiment which suggests a new explanation for the digestion of certain proteins in humans. These results should first be communicated to the scientific community by which means?

Choices:
A. submission of an article to a peer-reviewed journal
B. inclusion of the new explanation in a biology textbook
C. posting observations and conclusions on the scientist's website
D. inviting reporters from many organizations to a press conference

Answer: A

submission of an article to a peer-reviewed journal

Question: A scientist performs an experiment which suggests a new explanation for the digestion of certain proteins in humans. These results should first be communicated to the scientific community by which means?
Answer:


Question: What keeps stars such as the Sun from collapsing from their own self-gravity?

Choices:
A. the centrifugal force created by rapid rotation
B. the electrical repulsion of nuclei in the plasma
C. the gravitational pull created by orbiting planets
D. the outward pressure created by nuclear fusion

Answer: D

the outward pressure created by nuclear fusion

Question: What keeps stars such as the Sun from collapsing from their own self-gravity?
Answer:


Question: When placed in a container at room temperature, which substance has a definite volume but takes the shape of the container?

Choices:
A. ice
B. copper
C. water
D. wood

Answer: C

Question: When placed in a container at room temperature, which substance has a definite volume but takes the shape of the container?
Answer:


Question: Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of

Choices:
A. electricity.
B. magnetism.
C. atoms.
D. gravity.

Answer: D

Question: Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of
Answer:


Question: Two chemicals are mixed in a test tube and a chemical reaction takes place. If this reaction is endothermic and the test tube is touched, which of the following best describes what is felt?

Choices:
A. The test tube is cold.
B. The test tube is warm.
C. The test tube is very hot.
D. The test tube is the same temperature as the air.

Answer: A

Question: Two chemicals are mixed in a test tube and a chemical reaction takes place. If this reaction is endothermic and the test tube is touched, which of the following best describes what is felt?
Answer:


Question: What is one way in which workplace automation can have a negative effect on society?

Choices:
A. reducing the number of job-related injuries
B. producing manufactured objects at a faster rate
C. displacing skilled workers from manufacturing jobs
D. decreasing the availability of manufactured products

Answer: C

displacing skilled workers from manufacturing jobs

Question: What is one way in which workplace automation can have a negative effect on society?
Answer:


Question: If you took all of the atoms out of a chair, what would be left?

Choices:
A. The chair would still be there, but it would weigh less.
B. The chair would be exactly the same as it was before.
C. There would be nothing left of the chair.
D. Only a pool of liquid would be left on the floor.

Answer: C

There would be nothing left of the chair.

Question: If you took all of the atoms out of a chair, what would be left?
Answer: