Question: People often wear sunglasses in polar regions because most of the sunlight that strikes a snow-covered surface is

Choices:
1. reflected
2. absorbed
3. refracted
4. transmitted

Answer: 1

Question: People often wear sunglasses in polar regions because most of the sunlight that strikes a snow-covered surface is
Answer:


Question: Which is an example of a nonliving thing?

Choices:
A. bird
B. insect
C. dog
D. water

Answer: D

Question: Which is an example of a nonliving thing?
Answer:


Question: Which illustrates the correct order of relationships in organisms?

Choices:
A. tissue -> organ system -> organ -> cell
B. organ -> cell -> organ system -> tissue
C. cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system
D. organ system -> organ -> cell -> tissue

Answer: C

Question: Which illustrates the correct order of relationships in organisms?
Answer:


Question: In which form is most of the energy released from gasoline when burned by an automobile?

Choices:
A. heat energy
B. nuclear energy
C. solar energy
D. sound energy

Answer: A

Question: In which form is most of the energy released from gasoline when burned by an automobile?
Answer:


Question: The hardness, odor, and taste of an object can all be

Choices:
A. measured with a metric ruler
B. measured with a spring scale
C. observed with the senses
D. observed with a hand lens

Answer: C

Question: The hardness, odor, and taste of an object can all be
Answer:


Question: Which of the following must be included with magnitude to represent a vector?

Choices:
A. mass
B. direction
C. acceleration
D. volume

Answer: B

Question: Which of the following must be included with magnitude to represent a vector?
Answer:


Question: Two objects are at rest and are 1.0 meter apart. To reduce the gravitational pull between the two objects, they should be

Choices:
A. stacked vertically.
B. placed side by side.
C. moved 0.5 meter apart.
D. moved 1.5 meters apart.

Answer: D

Question: Two objects are at rest and are 1.0 meter apart. To reduce the gravitational pull between the two objects, they should be
Answer:


Question: A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?

Choices:
A. The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.
B. The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.
C. The toads were frightened and went into the woods.
D. The toads got their food from the wetland ecosystem.

Answer: D

The toads got their food from the wetland ecosystem.

Question: A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?
Answer:


Question: Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity?

Choices:
A. rubber
B. aluminum
C. granite
D. wood

Answer: B

Question: Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity?
Answer:


Question: An astronomer and a marine biologist were having lunch and discussing their current experiments. They discovered that although they investigate different areas of science, they most likely use the same

Choices:
A. scientific tools used in experiments.
B. publications for conducting research.
C. scientific method to test hypotheses.
D. locations for conducting their experiments.

Answer: C

Question: An astronomer and a marine biologist were having lunch and discussing their current experiments. They discovered that although they investigate different areas of science, they most likely use the same
Answer:


Question: Which feature makes up most of the surface of Earth?

Choices:
A. hot gases
B. dry land
C. craters
D. water

Answer: D

Question: Which feature makes up most of the surface of Earth?
Answer:


Question: What explains how day and night occur in different parts of Earth?

Choices:
A. Earth rotates on its axis.
B. Earth revolves around the Sun.
C. The Sun rotates on its axis.
D. The Sun revolves around the galaxy.

Answer: A

Question: What explains how day and night occur in different parts of Earth?
Answer:


Question: What is the green pigment that allows plants to change the Sun's energy into chemical energy?

Choices:
A. glucose
B. chlorophyll
C. mitochondria
D. photosynthesis

Answer: B

Question: What is the green pigment that allows plants to change the Sun's energy into chemical energy?
Answer:


Question: Which event or principle cannot have its validity directly tested by laboratory experiment?

Choices:
A. the Big Bang Theory
B. the Conservation of Energy
C. the Periodicity of Element Properties
D. the Acceleration of Objects due to Gravity

Answer: A

Question: Which event or principle cannot have its validity directly tested by laboratory experiment?
Answer:


Question: Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. How does adding heat energy affect magnesium fluoride (MgF2) molecules?

Choices:
A. The motion of the molecules stops.
B. The motion of the molecules increases.
C. The motion of the molecules decreases.
D. The motion of the molecules is at a constant rate.

Answer: B

Question: Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. How does adding heat energy affect magnesium fluoride (MgF2) molecules?
Answer:


Question: Which physical change would most likely help an animal survive during the winter?

Choices:
A. tail gets longer
B. fur gets thicker
C. feathers are shed
D. whiskers get shorter

Answer: B

Question: Which physical change would most likely help an animal survive during the winter?
Answer:


Question: Norma's flashlight was not working. She replaced the old batteries with new ones, and the flashlight turned on. Why did the flashlight work after she replaced the batteries?

Choices:
A. because the batteries conduct the electricity
B. because the batteries supply the energy
C. because the batteries produce light
D. because the batteries produce heat

Answer: B

Question: Norma's flashlight was not working. She replaced the old batteries with new ones, and the flashlight turned on. Why did the flashlight work after she replaced the batteries?
Answer:


Question: A student finds that an unidentified mineral sample can scratch gypsum but is unable to scratch quartz. The student has made an observation about which property of the sample?

Choices:
A. luster
B. hardness
C. density
D. reactivity

Answer: B

Question: A student finds that an unidentified mineral sample can scratch gypsum but is unable to scratch quartz. The student has made an observation about which property of the sample?
Answer:


Question: What is the result of the rapid shifting in Earth's surface?

Choices:
A. a tornado
B. an earthquake
C. a volcano
D. an avalanche

Answer: B

Question: What is the result of the rapid shifting in Earth's surface?
Answer:


Question: Which is a trait that a child can inherit from its parents?

Choices:
A. eye color
B. a broken leg
C. length of hair
D. language skills

Answer: A

Question: Which is a trait that a child can inherit from its parents?
Answer:


Question: Ana rolled her wagon down the ramp to reach the playground. There, she and her sister played on the seesaw. Which set of simple machines has Ana used?

Choices:
A. Lever, pulley, and wedge
B. Pulley, inclined plane, and screw
C. Wedge, wheel and axle, and screw
D. Wheel and axle, inclined plane, and lever

Answer: D

Wheel and axle, inclined plane, and lever

Question: Ana rolled her wagon down the ramp to reach the playground. There, she and her sister played on the seesaw. Which set of simple machines has Ana used?
Answer:


Question: Which list includes only examples of matter that can take the shape of a container?

Choices:
A. oil, air, and rock
B. water, air, and milk
C. sand, ice, and wood
D. nail, stick, and paper

Answer: B

Question: Which list includes only examples of matter that can take the shape of a container?
Answer:


Question: What does the brain monitor to control the rate of breathing during normal activities?

Choices:
A. the level of carbon dioxide in the blood
B. the level of carbon dioxide in the cells
C. the level of carbon dioxide in the lungs
D. the level of carbon dioxide in the air

Answer: A

the level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question: What does the brain monitor to control the rate of breathing during normal activities?
Answer:


Question: Which organisms eat only plants?

Choices:
A. producers
B. omnivores
C. herbivores
D. scavengers

Answer: C

Question: Which organisms eat only plants?
Answer:


Question: Which is the best explanation of why the Moon revolves around Earth?

Choices:
A. The Moon has a thinner atmosphere than Earth.
B. The Moon is too large to move away from Earth.
C. The Moon is attracted by the gravity of Earth.
D. The Moon has a smaller gravitational force than Earth.

Answer: C

The Moon is attracted by the gravity of Earth.

Question: Which is the best explanation of why the Moon revolves around Earth?
Answer:


Question: In living things, large and complex molecules are broken down into small and simple molecules. What is this process called?

Choices:
A. excretion
B. absorption
C. digestion
D. circulation

Answer: C

Question: In living things, large and complex molecules are broken down into small and simple molecules. What is this process called?
Answer:


Question: Between 40 and 50 million years ago, the landmass on the Indian plate collided with the landmass on the Eurasian plate. What formed when these landmasses collided?

Choices:
A. the Grand Canyon
B. the Great Plains
C. the Himalayan Mountains
D. the Mariana Trench

Answer: C

Question: Between 40 and 50 million years ago, the landmass on the Indian plate collided with the landmass on the Eurasian plate. What formed when these landmasses collided?
Answer:


Question: A greenhouse is an example of a closed system. Which two types of energy are exchanged in this system?

Choices:
A. radiant energy for nuclear energy
B. radiant energy for thermal energy
C. thermal energy for nuclear energy
D. nuclear energy for chemical energy

Answer: B

Question: A greenhouse is an example of a closed system. Which two types of energy are exchanged in this system?
Answer:


Question: Before strip mining for coal, the topsoil in the area is removed and stored. After mining operations are completed, the land is leveled and topsoil is replaced. The purpose of replacing topsoil is

Choices:
A. to prevent wind from weathering and eroding surface coal.
B. to prevent radioactive elements from polluting water sources.
C. to provide an environment for new coal formation.
D. to restore the area to a natural condition.

Answer: D

to restore the area to a natural condition.

Question: Before strip mining for coal, the topsoil in the area is removed and stored. After mining operations are completed, the land is leveled and topsoil is replaced. The purpose of replacing topsoil is
Answer:


Question: The manufacturing process used to permanently put parts together is called

Choices:
A. cutting.
B. shaping.
C. finishing.
D. assembling.

Answer: D

Question: The manufacturing process used to permanently put parts together is called
Answer:


Question: The color of which animal allows it to blend into its environment?

Choices:
A. penguin
B. squirrel
C. cardinal
D. polar bear

Answer: D

Question: The color of which animal allows it to blend into its environment?
Answer:


Question: The invention of the microscope was important to the advancement of science. Many other discoveries were only possible with the help of the microscope. The microscope was used to make which discovery?

Choices:
A. Matter is made of elements.
B. Plants can make their own food.
C. Some organisms have only one cell.
D. White light can be broken into colors.

Answer: C

Question: The invention of the microscope was important to the advancement of science. Many other discoveries were only possible with the help of the microscope. The microscope was used to make which discovery?
Answer:


Question: Mountain bike tires have large, knob-like treads. These tires are useful on steep slopes because they

Choices:
A. increase friction.
B. carry heavy weights.
C. increase the stopping distance.
D. prevent braking of the bicycle.

Answer: A

Question: Mountain bike tires have large, knob-like treads. These tires are useful on steep slopes because they
Answer:


Question: When a bottle of strong perfume is opened at the front of a classroom, the smell gradually spreads throughout the entire room. Which process explains this occurrence?

Choices:
A. osmosis
B. diffusion
C. cell activity
D. cell transport

Answer: B

Question: When a bottle of strong perfume is opened at the front of a classroom, the smell gradually spreads throughout the entire room. Which process explains this occurrence?
Answer:


Question: A scientist puts more food than a lab rat can eat in each of 100 cages containing lab rats. She surveys the mass of food each rat eats in one day. To determine the difference between the largest and smallest masses of food eaten, she should find her data's

Choices:
A. mean.
B. range.
C. mode.
D. median.

Answer: B

Question: A scientist puts more food than a lab rat can eat in each of 100 cages containing lab rats. She surveys the mass of food each rat eats in one day. To determine the difference between the largest and smallest masses of food eaten, she should find her data's
Answer:


Question: The living systems of plants and animals are constantly taking in water to continue the processes of life. What eventually happens to most of that water?

Choices:
A. It is converted into hydrogen and oxygen.
B. It is returned to the environment.
C. It is broken down by bacterial decay.
D. It is permanently combined with other compounds.

Answer: B

Question: The living systems of plants and animals are constantly taking in water to continue the processes of life. What eventually happens to most of that water?
Answer:


Question: When a baker bakes bread, he prepares the dough by mixing 2 cups of flour with 1 cup of water. The water needs to be 85°F. Which tools are best for the baker to measure both the volume and temperature of the water?

Choices:
A. a balance and a ruler
B. a balance and a thermometer
C. a measuring cup and a balance
D. a measuring cup and a thermometer

Answer: D

Question: When a baker bakes bread, he prepares the dough by mixing 2 cups of flour with 1 cup of water. The water needs to be 85°F. Which tools are best for the baker to measure both the volume and temperature of the water?
Answer:


Question: A ball rolls across the floor and slows down to a stop. Which force caused the ball to slow down?

Choices:
A. friction
B. gravity
C. magnetic
D. inertia

Answer: A

Question: A ball rolls across the floor and slows down to a stop. Which force caused the ball to slow down?
Answer:


Question: Which substance is composed of only one type of atom?

Choices:
A. water
B. gold
C. salt
D. sugar

Answer: B

Question: Which substance is composed of only one type of atom?
Answer:


Question: Where did organisms live when they first appeared on Earth?

Choices:
A. in the water
B. in the air
C. on the land
D. under the ground

Answer: A

Question: Where did organisms live when they first appeared on Earth?
Answer:


Question: A model of Earth would be different from a model of the Moon because the Moon model would be

Choices:
A. shinier
B. heavier
C. smaller
D. rougher

Answer: C

Question: A model of Earth would be different from a model of the Moon because the Moon model would be
Answer:


Question: Which is the best action to help protect water resources in Virginia?

Choices:
A. Dispose of pet waste in a stream.
B. Rinse spilled gasoline with a hose.
C. Organize a river cleanup program.
D. Put hazardous waste in with house trash.

Answer: C

Question: Which is the best action to help protect water resources in Virginia?
Answer:


Question: Students visited a garden to observe hummingbirds. They wanted to find out if hummingbirds were more likely to visit colored flowers or white flowers. Which should the students do first for this investigation?

Choices:
A. conclude that hummingbirds prefer white flowers
B. write a report about the kinds of flowers in the garden
C. observe hummingbirds at flowers and record the flower color
D. research the number of different hummingbirds that live in the garden

Answer: C

observe hummingbirds at flowers and record the flower color

Question: Students visited a garden to observe hummingbirds. They wanted to find out if hummingbirds were more likely to visit colored flowers or white flowers. Which should the students do first for this investigation?
Answer:


Question: Scientists have discovered that there has been a reduction in the butterfly population in an ecosystem. After much research, they have identified that the carrying capacity for butterflies has been decreased. If the scientists want to increase the butterfly population, which action should they recommend?

Choices:
A. removing primary producers
B. spraying of insecticides
C. increasing runoff
D. planting flowers

Answer: D

Question: Scientists have discovered that there has been a reduction in the butterfly population in an ecosystem. After much research, they have identified that the carrying capacity for butterflies has been decreased. If the scientists want to increase the butterfly population, which action should they recommend?
Answer:


Question: Which of these was used by Alfred Wegener as evidence that Earth's continental landmasses had drifted apart over time?

Choices:
A. the age of the continents
B. the shape of the continents
C. the thickness of the continents
D. the composition of the continents

Answer: B

Question: Which of these was used by Alfred Wegener as evidence that Earth's continental landmasses had drifted apart over time?
Answer:


Question: Which trait most likely helps an animal survive in a very cold environment?

Choices:
A. long ears
B. large eyes
C. thick fur
D. sharp claws

Answer: C

Question: Which trait most likely helps an animal survive in a very cold environment?
Answer:


Question: The leaves of a tree change color in the fall. This is an example of a tree

Choices:
A. completing its life cycle
B. preparing for migration
C. responding to its environment
D. beginning hibernation

Answer: C

Question: The leaves of a tree change color in the fall. This is an example of a tree
Answer:


Question: When an atom gains an electron, the atom will

Choices:
A. lose a proton.
B. reduce its mass.
C. become radioactive.
D. have a negative charge.

Answer: D

Question: When an atom gains an electron, the atom will
Answer:


Question: Which type of matter can be separated by physical means?

Choices:
A. atom
B. element
C. compound
D. mixture

Answer: D

Question: Which type of matter can be separated by physical means?
Answer:


Question: A train travels at a rate of 13 meters per second (m/s). Over the next 60 seconds, the speed of the train increases to speed to 22 m/s. What is the average rate of acceleration of the train?

Choices:
A. 0.15 m/s^2
B. 0.21 m/s^2
C. 0.36 m/s^2
D. 0.58 m/s^2

Answer: A

Question: A train travels at a rate of 13 meters per second (m/s). Over the next 60 seconds, the speed of the train increases to speed to 22 m/s. What is the average rate of acceleration of the train?
Answer:


Question: Similar types of cells form tissues. What is the next level of complexity formed from the grouping of tissues?

Choices:
A. organs
B. organelles
C. organisms
D. organ systems

Answer: A

Question: Similar types of cells form tissues. What is the next level of complexity formed from the grouping of tissues?
Answer:


Question: A student finds a bottle that is labeled with a long chemical name. What is the best way for the student to learn more about the chemical properties of this substance?

Choices:
A. shake the container vigorously
B. smell a very small amount of it
C. look up the name in a science book
D. test a small amount to see if it feels slippery

Answer: C

Question: A student finds a bottle that is labeled with a long chemical name. What is the best way for the student to learn more about the chemical properties of this substance?
Answer:


Question: Which population would be harmed first by a long period of drought?

Choices:
A. seaweed in an ocean
B. fish in a lake
C. plants in a pond
D. fish in a bay

Answer: C

Question: Which population would be harmed first by a long period of drought?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following are narrow belts of strong winds found in the upper troposphere?

Choices:
A. doldrums
B. westerlies
C. trade winds
D. jet streams

Answer: D

Question: Which of the following are narrow belts of strong winds found in the upper troposphere?
Answer:


Question: Copper, silver, and nickel are all classified as

Choices:
A. noble gases.
B. transition metals.
C. halogens.
D. nonmetals.

Answer: B

Question: Copper, silver, and nickel are all classified as
Answer:


Question: What property of water best helps aquatic life survive in lakes during the winter?

Choices:
A. water has a high specific heat capacity
B. water has a high surface tension
C. water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid
D. water is a polar molecule

Answer: C

water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid

Question: What property of water best helps aquatic life survive in lakes during the winter?
Answer:


Question: A tree uses gas A to produce gas B. An animal uses gas B to produce gas A. What is gas B in this cycle?

Choices:
A. oxygen
B. nitrogen
C. carbon dioxide
D. carbon monoxide

Answer: A

Question: A tree uses gas A to produce gas B. An animal uses gas B to produce gas A. What is gas B in this cycle?
Answer:


Question: During the construction of a new building, workers dug round holes in the ground and filled the holes with steel and concrete. Which of the following parts of the building was being built during this stage of construction?

Choices:
A. the floor
B. the foundation
C. the plumbing
D. the walls

Answer: B

Question: During the construction of a new building, workers dug round holes in the ground and filled the holes with steel and concrete. Which of the following parts of the building was being built during this stage of construction?
Answer:


Question: The job of the bladder in an animal is to store wastes. Which organ in an animal removes wastes from the blood?

Choices:
A. liver
B. heart
C. stomach
D. kidney

Answer: D

Question: The job of the bladder in an animal is to store wastes. Which organ in an animal removes wastes from the blood?
Answer:


Question: Convection currents in the mantle are thought to be the driving force behind tectonic movement. At which location do the convection currents cause the plates to diverge?

Choices:
A. strike-slip fault
B. subduction zone
C. mid-ocean ridges
D. folded mountains

Answer: C

Question: Convection currents in the mantle are thought to be the driving force behind tectonic movement. At which location do the convection currents cause the plates to diverge?
Answer:


Question: Students wanted to see if the growth of a plant was affected by using four different types of soil. How should the students best carry out this investigation after potting the plants in the four different types of soil?

Choices:
A. observe the plants and record observations daily
B. move the plants to new locations every day
C. measure the height of each plant every hour
D. add different amounts of water to each plant

Answer: A

observe the plants and record observations daily

Question: Students wanted to see if the growth of a plant was affected by using four different types of soil. How should the students best carry out this investigation after potting the plants in the four different types of soil?
Answer:


Question: What force pulls things towards the center of Earth?

Choices:
A. magnetism
B. gravity
C. friction
D. energy

Answer: B

Question: What force pulls things towards the center of Earth?
Answer:


Question: Which is an example of asexual reproduction?

Choices:
A. one cell divides into two cells
B. two cells unite to form one cell
C. a gene in a cell mutates
D. egg cells are produced

Answer: A

Question: Which is an example of asexual reproduction?
Answer:


Question: Which statement best describes how birth and death rates compare in a population at carrying capacity?

Choices:
A. The birth rate is greater than the death rate.
B. The birth rate is less than the death rate.
C. The birth rate is equal to the death rate.
D. The birth rate and the death rate are zero.

Answer: C

The birth rate is equal to the death rate.

Question: Which statement best describes how birth and death rates compare in a population at carrying capacity?
Answer:


Question: If the Earth did not tilt on its axis in relation to the sun, which of the following would also be true?

Choices:
A. There would be no seasons.
B. One Earth-year would be 14% longer.
C. The Earth would spin at a different rate.
D. Temperatures at the Earth's equator would cool.

Answer: A

Question: If the Earth did not tilt on its axis in relation to the sun, which of the following would also be true?
Answer:


Question: Penny's class was learning how rapidly some changes can happen on Earth. Which event causes the fastest change to the surface of Earth?

Choices:
A. water flowing in a riverbed
B. a wave crashing on a beach
C. an earthquake cracking a road
D. wind blowing against a mountain

Answer: C

Question: Penny's class was learning how rapidly some changes can happen on Earth. Which event causes the fastest change to the surface of Earth?
Answer:


Question: Which type of energy is carried through a metal cable?

Choices:
A. light
B. chemical
C. electrical
D. nuclear

Answer: C

Question: Which type of energy is carried through a metal cable?
Answer:


Question: If the Earth rotated in the opposite direction, what would most likely occur?

Choices:
A. The Sun would rise in the west.
B. The seasons would be reversed.
C. There would be more days in each year.
D. The phases of the Moon would last longer.

Answer: A

Question: If the Earth rotated in the opposite direction, what would most likely occur?
Answer:


Question: Which type of organism helps return nutrients from dead plants and animals to the soil?

Choices:
A. producer
B. prey
C. predator
D. decomposer

Answer: D

Question: Which type of organism helps return nutrients from dead plants and animals to the soil?
Answer:


Question: A student identifies a soil sample as "very gritty." What characteristic of the soil did the student describe?

Choices:
A. texture
B. hardness
C. organic content
D. water retention

Answer: A

Question: A student identifies a soil sample as "very gritty." What characteristic of the soil did the student describe?
Answer:


Question: Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Using fossil fuels in the United States will most likely contribute to rising sea levels globally by

Choices:
A. increasing oxygen levels
B. decreasing oxygen levels
C. increasing carbon dioxide levels
D. decreasing carbon dioxide levels

Answer: C

Question: Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Using fossil fuels in the United States will most likely contribute to rising sea levels globally by
Answer:


Question: Dr. Wagner is investigating a newly discovered, disease-causing agent. She determines that one structure in the agent is double-stranded RNA. What kind of agent is Dr. Wagner studying?

Choices:
A. a virus
B. a protist
C. a fungus
D. a bacterium

Answer: A

Question: Dr. Wagner is investigating a newly discovered, disease-causing agent. She determines that one structure in the agent is double-stranded RNA. What kind of agent is Dr. Wagner studying?
Answer:


Question: Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants is sealed in containers and deeply buried in the ground. Sealing and burying waste reduces the chances that water will become contaminated. At which point in the water cycle would radioactive contamination most likely be found?

Choices:
A. rain
B. fog
C. groundwater
D. surface water

Answer: C

Question: Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants is sealed in containers and deeply buried in the ground. Sealing and burying waste reduces the chances that water will become contaminated. At which point in the water cycle would radioactive contamination most likely be found?
Answer:


Question: Research has shown that specialization of stem cells into specific cell types results, in part, from cell shape. What provides a specialized cell with its shape?

Choices:
A. number of mitochondria
B. presence of a nucleus
C. structure of the cytoskeleton
D. salt concentration of cytoplasm

Answer: C

Question: Research has shown that specialization of stem cells into specific cell types results, in part, from cell shape. What provides a specialized cell with its shape?
Answer:


Question: The list below gives some symptoms of people with the common cold. Symptoms of the Common Cold stuffy nose low fever sore throat cough Which body system is most affected by the common cold?

Choices:
A. Nervous
B. Digestive
C. Circulatory
D. Respiratory

Answer: D

Question: The list below gives some symptoms of people with the common cold. Symptoms of the Common Cold stuffy nose low fever sore throat cough Which body system is most affected by the common cold?
Answer:


Question: A new moon occurs about every

Choices:
A. day.
B. year.
C. week.
D. month.

Answer: D

Question: A new moon occurs about every
Answer:


Question: A magnet and a metal paper clip have the strongest magnetic attraction when the distance between them is

Choices:
A. 4 centimeters
B. 8 centimeters
C. 12 centimeters
D. 16 centimeters

Answer: A

Question: A magnet and a metal paper clip have the strongest magnetic attraction when the distance between them is
Answer:


Question: Which statement best describes a bacterial cell?

Choices:
A. It contains more than one cell.
B. It is a complete organism.
C. It is part of a larger organism.
D. It contains different kinds of cells.

Answer: B

Question: Which statement best describes a bacterial cell?
Answer:


Question: Plants that can live in sandy soils most likely have the ability to withstand

Choices:
A. fires.
B. salt.
C. cold temperatures.
D. dry conditions.

Answer: D

Question: Plants that can live in sandy soils most likely have the ability to withstand
Answer:


Question: For a plant to stay alive indoors, where does it need to be placed?

Choices:
A. In a dry area
B. In a dark room
C. On a plant stand
D. Near a sunny place

Answer: D

Question: For a plant to stay alive indoors, where does it need to be placed?
Answer:


Question: When a plane flies, it travels through air that contains gases, liquids, and solids. This area is best described as the

Choices:
A. atmosphere.
B. lithosphere.
C. biosphere.
D. hydrosphere.

Answer: A

Question: When a plane flies, it travels through air that contains gases, liquids, and solids. This area is best described as the
Answer:


Question: A ball is thrown up into the air. Which force causes the ball to fall to the ground?

Choices:
A. friction
B. gravity
C. magnetism
D. electricity

Answer: B

Question: A ball is thrown up into the air. Which force causes the ball to fall to the ground?
Answer:


Question: Which action would most likely reduce air pollution caused by cars?

Choices:
A. drive a longer route
B. purchase a larger car
C. take fewer car trips
D. use smaller tires

Answer: C

Question: Which action would most likely reduce air pollution caused by cars?
Answer:


Question: An organism eats grass and is preyed upon by a carnivore. Which categories describe this organism?

Choices:
A. producer and consumer
B. consumer and herbivore
C. decomposer and producer
D. herbivore and decomposer

Answer: B

Question: An organism eats grass and is preyed upon by a carnivore. Which categories describe this organism?
Answer:


Question: What will most likely affect your adult height?

Choices:
A. The height of your parents
B. The height of your brothers and sisters
C. Your hair color
D. Your weight

Answer: A

Question: What will most likely affect your adult height?
Answer:


Question: Turgor pressure in the cells of plant roots is strong enough to eventually crack the rocks in which they grow. What machine redirects force this way?

Choices:
A. a pulley
B. a wedge
C. an inclined plane
D. a wheel and axle

Answer: B

Question: Turgor pressure in the cells of plant roots is strong enough to eventually crack the rocks in which they grow. What machine redirects force this way?
Answer:


Question: Which relationship is mutualistic?

Choices:
A. an insect that lives and feeds on the body of an alligator
B. an ant that lives on a plant and defends the plant from other insects
C. a bird that migrates to follow the movements of the butterflies that it eats
D. a deer that eats one kind of plant, which allows another kind of plant to grow in its place

Answer: B

an ant that lives on a plant and defends the plant from other insects

Question: Which relationship is mutualistic?
Answer:


Question: One role of a producer in a food chain is to provide

Choices:
A. water for plants
B. sunlight for plants
C. nutrients for animals
D. shelter for animals

Answer: C

Question: One role of a producer in a food chain is to provide
Answer:


Question: Which organelle converts glucose to energy for cellular work?

Choices:
A. nucleus
B. mitochondrion
C. vacuole
D. chloroplast

Answer: B

Question: Which organelle converts glucose to energy for cellular work?
Answer:


Question: Jonas needs to split a log. He has a sledge hammer. What other tool should he also use to split the log?

Choices:
A. a lever
B. a pulley
C. a wedge
D. a fulcrum

Answer: C

Question: Jonas needs to split a log. He has a sledge hammer. What other tool should he also use to split the log?
Answer:


Question: Many human activities, such as driving a car, cause the release of air pollutants. Which substance is a common air pollutant when driving a car?

Choices:
A. carbon monoxide
B. chlorine
C. nitrogen
D. iron oxide

Answer: A

Question: Many human activities, such as driving a car, cause the release of air pollutants. Which substance is a common air pollutant when driving a car?
Answer:


Question: Some scientists study images of very distant celestial bodies. Where is the best location for the types of telescopes that can provide the scientists with the clearest images.

Choices:
A. at sea level
B. in outer space
C. on mountain tops
D. at higher latitudes

Answer: B

Question: Some scientists study images of very distant celestial bodies. Where is the best location for the types of telescopes that can provide the scientists with the clearest images.
Answer:


Question: When crossing parents with genotypes Rr and rr, what will be the percentages of the genotypes of the offspring?

Choices:
A. 75% Rr, 25% rr
B. 50% Rr, 50% rr
C. 100% Rr
D. 100% rr

Answer: B

Question: When crossing parents with genotypes Rr and rr, what will be the percentages of the genotypes of the offspring?
Answer:


Question: Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

Choices:
1. cell wall
2. cell membrane
3. cytoplasm
4. nucleus

Answer: 1

Question: Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?
Answer:


Question: When do mutations help make an ecosystem more sustainable?

Choices:
A. when mutations decrease the number of individuals in an ecosystem
B. when mutations increase the number of individuals in an ecosystem
C. when mutations decrease the number of species in an ecosystem
D. when mutations increase the number of species in an ecosystem

Answer: D

when mutations increase the number of species in an ecosystem

Question: When do mutations help make an ecosystem more sustainable?
Answer:


Question: Which statement best describes why the Moon is visible from Earth?

Choices:
A. The Moon reflects light from other planets.
B. The Moon reflects light from the Sun.
C. Light is produced by the Moon.
D. Light from Earth illuminates the Moon.

Answer: B

Question: Which statement best describes why the Moon is visible from Earth?
Answer:


Question: A tree is a renewable resource because it can be

Choices:
A. burned in a fire.
B. made into lumber.
C. eaten by some organisms.
D. replaced with a newly planted tree.

Answer: D

Question: A tree is a renewable resource because it can be
Answer:


Question: Capillary walls are only one layer of cells thick. Passage of oxygen into and out of the capillaries is controlled most by which process?

Choices:
A. collection of waste material
B. breakdown of materials
C. diffusion of material
D. storage of materials

Answer: C

Question: Capillary walls are only one layer of cells thick. Passage of oxygen into and out of the capillaries is controlled most by which process?
Answer:


Question: The hypothesis of an expanding universe required which type of validation before being accepted as a significant part of scientific theory?

Choices:
A. a controlled single-variable laboratory test
B. support through evidence from numerous observations
C. proposal of alternative explanations with predictive value
D. a full-scale replication of each event in the proper sequence

Answer: B

support through evidence from numerous observations

Question: The hypothesis of an expanding universe required which type of validation before being accepted as a significant part of scientific theory?
Answer:


Question: Scientists from around the world would most likely meet at a conference held in Paris, France, to

Choices:
A. learn how to speak the same language.
B. work together on scientific research.
C. teach students the importance of education.
D. show other scientists the scientific method.

Answer: B

Question: Scientists from around the world would most likely meet at a conference held in Paris, France, to
Answer:


Question: What is the role of the kidneys in the excretory system?

Choices:
A. to digest food
B. to remove toxins
C. to produce bile
D. to oxygenate blood

Answer: B

Question: What is the role of the kidneys in the excretory system?
Answer:


Question: Isaac Newton is best known for his study of

Choices:
A. motion.
B. weather.
C. body systems.
D. the history of Earth.

Answer: A

Question: Isaac Newton is best known for his study of
Answer:


Question: Which tool is best to use when comparing an animal cell to a plant cell?

Choices:
A. balance
B. compass
C. microscope
D. thermometer

Answer: C

Question: Which tool is best to use when comparing an animal cell to a plant cell?
Answer:


Question: What season is the Northern Hemisphere experiencing when it is tilted away from the Sun?

Choices:
A. spring
B. summer
C. autumn
D. winter

Answer: D

Question: What season is the Northern Hemisphere experiencing when it is tilted away from the Sun?
Answer:


Question: Which event is an example of inherited behavior?

Choices:
A. a dog sitting on command
B. a parrot repeating a phrase
C. a bird flying south for the winter
D. a horse competing in a horse show

Answer: C

Question: Which event is an example of inherited behavior?
Answer:


Question: What is a true statement about all foods?

Choices:
A. All foods are solid.
B. All foods taste good.
C. All foods provide nutrients.
D. All foods should be cooked.

Answer: C

Question: What is a true statement about all foods?
Answer:


Question: A student has recorded rainfall amounts for 28 days and uses a calculator to determine the total rainfall. What does the student calculate when she divides the total rainfall by 28?

Choices:
A. mean rainfall
B. rainfall mode
C. median rainfall
D. percentage of rainfall

Answer: A

Question: A student has recorded rainfall amounts for 28 days and uses a calculator to determine the total rainfall. What does the student calculate when she divides the total rainfall by 28?
Answer:


Question: Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

Choices:
A. proton
B. neutron
C. electron
D. quark

Answer: C

Question: Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
Answer:


Question: When a conclusion is reached after an experiment, which is most likely the first step other scientists might take when checking the conclusion?

Choices:
A. propose different conclusions from the same data
B. study the data to evaluate the conclusion
C. change current models to fit the conclusion
D. develop new technologies based on the conclusion

Answer: B

study the data to evaluate the conclusion

Question: When a conclusion is reached after an experiment, which is most likely the first step other scientists might take when checking the conclusion?
Answer:


Question: Which of these is the BEST sign that the fall season has begun?

Choices:
A. Plants forming new buds
B. Sun shining on flowers
C. Grass being wet in the morning
D. Leaves changing color on trees

Answer: D

Question: Which of these is the BEST sign that the fall season has begun?
Answer:


Question: Which of these is the primary source of energy in food webs?

Choices:
A. soil
B. sunlight
C. producer
D. consumer

Answer: B

Question: Which of these is the primary source of energy in food webs?
Answer:


Question: Windmills are used to obtain usable energy from wind. Which would be an advantage of using a windmill?

Choices:
A. Windmills are expensive to build.
B. The wind does not blow all the time.
C. Pollution is not created by windmills.
D. Populations of birds can be reduced by windmills.

Answer: C

Question: Windmills are used to obtain usable energy from wind. Which would be an advantage of using a windmill?
Answer:


Question: The magnetic poles of Earth frequently change location. What is the direct cause of this change in magnetic pole location?

Choices:
A. molten rock flowing in the asthenosphere
B. convection cells in the lower mantle
C. turbulence in the liquid outer core
D. radioactive decay in the solid inner core

Answer: C

Question: The magnetic poles of Earth frequently change location. What is the direct cause of this change in magnetic pole location?
Answer:


Question: If a species of bird stopped reproducing, which of these would happen?

Choices:
A. The bird's prey species would decrease in number.
B. The food web that the bird belongs to would collapse.
C. Trees where these birds build nests would grow taller.
D. This bird species would eventually disappear from nature.

Answer: D

This bird species would eventually disappear from nature.

Question: If a species of bird stopped reproducing, which of these would happen?
Answer:


Question: Which physical property is used to identify a mineral based on its resistance to being scratched?

Choices:
1. hardness
2. density
3. color
4. streak

Answer: 1

Question: Which physical property is used to identify a mineral based on its resistance to being scratched?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following results when hydrogen and chlorine chemically bond to form hydrogen chloride?

Choices:
A. a mixture
B. a solution
C. a compound
D. a precipitate

Answer: C

Question: Which of the following results when hydrogen and chlorine chemically bond to form hydrogen chloride?
Answer:


Question: Which object is best seen with a microscope?

Choices:
A. human cell
B. cow heart
C. oak leaf
D. chicken leg

Answer: A

Question: Which object is best seen with a microscope?
Answer:


Question: The human body temperature is normally 98.6°F. As a person exercises, the body temperature starts to increase. As a result of the increased body temperature, the perspiration process begins to cool the body. Which best describes what the body is doing when it perspires?

Choices:
A. increasing osmosis
B. reducing transpiration
C. controlling metabolism
D. maintaining homeostasis

Answer: D

Question: The human body temperature is normally 98.6°F. As a person exercises, the body temperature starts to increase. As a result of the increased body temperature, the perspiration process begins to cool the body. Which best describes what the body is doing when it perspires?
Answer:


Question: Why is a spacesuit inflated like a balloon?

Choices:
A. to simulate the air pressure of Earth
B. to help astronauts float in outer space
C. to protect astronauts from solar radiation
D. to provide an oxygen supply for breathing

Answer: A

Question: Why is a spacesuit inflated like a balloon?
Answer:


Question: Scientists found large areas of fossilized wood in a desert in Arizona. The fossilized wood is evidence of the ancient environment. Based on the evidence, what was the ancient environment in this area?

Choices:
A. forest
B. desert
C. glacier
D. grasslands

Answer: A

Question: Scientists found large areas of fossilized wood in a desert in Arizona. The fossilized wood is evidence of the ancient environment. Based on the evidence, what was the ancient environment in this area?
Answer:


Question: A student measured how quickly a car rolled down a hill. Which tool should the student have used to measure how quickly the car rolled down the hill?

Choices:
A. a hand lens
B. a stopwatch
C. a thermometer
D. a centimeter ruler

Answer: B

Question: A student measured how quickly a car rolled down a hill. Which tool should the student have used to measure how quickly the car rolled down the hill?
Answer:


Question: Scientists are studying the factors that influence the climate of a region. In attempts to gather accurate data, the scientists should use data that includes the

Choices:
A. number of earthquakes that occur each year.
B. types of organisms in the environment.
C. number of people living in the area.
D. type of weather that has occurred.

Answer: D

Question: Scientists are studying the factors that influence the climate of a region. In attempts to gather accurate data, the scientists should use data that includes the
Answer:


Question: Which of these activities makes the MOST air pollution?

Choices:
A. Storing trash bags
B. Reusing trash bags
C. Burning trash bags
D. Recycling trash bags

Answer: C

Question: Which of these activities makes the MOST air pollution?
Answer:


Question: Extensive folding of sedimentary rock layers on Earth provides indirect evidence of certain processes occurring throughout Earth's history. Which of these is most likely one of these processes?

Choices:
A. convective heat loss from Earth's mantle
B. slowing of the rotation of Earth's core
C. increase in the density of Earth's atmosphere
D. slow increase in the distance of Earth's orbit

Answer: A

convective heat loss from Earth's mantle

Question: Extensive folding of sedimentary rock layers on Earth provides indirect evidence of certain processes occurring throughout Earth's history. Which of these is most likely one of these processes?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following gives a plant cell its rigid structure?

Choices:
A. cell membrane
B. nucleus
C. cell wall
D. chloroplast

Answer: C

Question: Which of the following gives a plant cell its rigid structure?
Answer:


Question: Which group of energy sources are ALL renewable?

Choices:
A. coal, oil, and natural gas
B. solar, oil, and geothermal
C. wind, solar, and tidal
D. natural gas, solar, and tidal

Answer: C

Question: Which group of energy sources are ALL renewable?
Answer:


Question: When chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, what type of substance is formed?

Choices:
A. A mixture
B. A compound
C. An element
D. An alloy
E. A solution

Answer: B

Question: When chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, what type of substance is formed?
Answer:


Question: Gravity can be defined as a force of attraction between objects. The effects of gravity can be witnessed in many systems. Which of these actions is an example of gravity influencing other systems?

Choices:
A. surface water evaporating into the atmosphere
B. planets moving around the Sun in an elliptical pattern
C. glaciers melting because of increasing temperatures
D. groundwater moving to the surface in an artesian well

Answer: B

planets moving around the Sun in an elliptical pattern

Question: Gravity can be defined as a force of attraction between objects. The effects of gravity can be witnessed in many systems. Which of these actions is an example of gravity influencing other systems?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following shows the correct sequence of inventions?

Choices:
A. printing press -> microscope -> telephone
B. television -> automobile -> microwave
C. airplane -> microphone -> radio
D. Doppler radar -> microphone -> telescope

Answer: A

printing press -> microscope -> telephone

Question: Which of the following shows the correct sequence of inventions?
Answer:


Question: Which two characteristics affect a planet's gravitational attraction to the Sun?

Choices:
A. mass and volume
B. volume and length of day
C. distance from the Sun and mass
D. length of day and distance from the Sun

Answer: C

Question: Which two characteristics affect a planet's gravitational attraction to the Sun?
Answer:


Question: The energy that allows the water cycle to occur comes from

Choices:
A. friction.
B. electricity.
C. the Sun.
D. radioactive decay.

Answer: C

Question: The energy that allows the water cycle to occur comes from
Answer:


Question: One positive effect of recycling aluminum cans to manufacture new beverage containers is

Choices:
1. conserving Earth's resources
2. creating acid rain
3. warming Earth's atmosphere
4. increasing the ozone layer

Answer: 1

Question: One positive effect of recycling aluminum cans to manufacture new beverage containers is
Answer:


Question: When Dennis operates his lawnmower, he notices the engine makes a lot of noise. He also notices that the engine gets very hot. Which best describes the heat and noise generated from the lawnmower?

Choices:
A. a change in phase
B. thermal expansion
C. an increase in entropy
D. mechanical advantage

Answer: C

Question: When Dennis operates his lawnmower, he notices the engine makes a lot of noise. He also notices that the engine gets very hot. Which best describes the heat and noise generated from the lawnmower?
Answer:


Question: Estuaries are marine environments located in areas where fresh water from rivers flow into the ocean. Estuaries are one of the most biologically productive ecosystems. Birds, fish, turtles and many other organisms inhabit these ecosystems. Which will most likely cause changes to estuary habitats on a global scale?

Choices:
A. decreases in powerful hurricanes
B. decreases in volcanic eruptions
C. increases in earthquakes
D. increases in sea level

Answer: D

Question: Estuaries are marine environments located in areas where fresh water from rivers flow into the ocean. Estuaries are one of the most biologically productive ecosystems. Birds, fish, turtles and many other organisms inhabit these ecosystems. Which will most likely cause changes to estuary habitats on a global scale?
Answer:


Question: When a butterfly emerges from its chrysalis, its wings are crumpled. In order to expand its wings, the butterfly hangs upside down, causing fluid to be pumped into the veins of its wings. This pumping most likely expands the wings by

Choices:
A. increasing the pressure inside the wings
B. decreasing the density of the wings
C. increasing the temperature inside the wings
D. decreasing the mass of the wings

Answer: A

increasing the pressure inside the wings

Question: When a butterfly emerges from its chrysalis, its wings are crumpled. In order to expand its wings, the butterfly hangs upside down, causing fluid to be pumped into the veins of its wings. This pumping most likely expands the wings by
Answer:


Question: Which of the following happens in our solar system?

Choices:
A. Earth revolves around the sun once per day.
B. The moon revolves around Earth once per day.
C. Earth revolves around the sun once per year.
D. The moon revolves around Earth once per year.

Answer: C

Earth revolves around the sun once per year.

Question: Which of the following happens in our solar system?
Answer:


Question: What major and potentially catastrophic events can be predicted to occur in the Northern Hemisphere between the months of June and November?

Choices:
A. tsunamis
B. hurricanes
C. asteroid impacts
D. volcanic eruptions

Answer: B

Question: What major and potentially catastrophic events can be predicted to occur in the Northern Hemisphere between the months of June and November?
Answer:


Question: Vibrations in the air caused by hitting a drum form

Choices:
A. radiation.
B. light.
C. electricity.
D. sound.

Answer: D

Question: Vibrations in the air caused by hitting a drum form
Answer:


Question: Which section of Earth is composed primarily of liquid metal?

Choices:
A. crust
B. mantle
C. outer core
D. inner core

Answer: C

Question: Which section of Earth is composed primarily of liquid metal?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following is NOT a mixture?

Choices:
A. Air
B. Blood
C. Orange juice
D. Salt

Answer: D

Question: Which of the following is NOT a mixture?
Answer:


Question: In winter, the arctic fox has white fur. In summer, its fur changes color to brown and gray. The change in fur color helps the arctic fox to ___.

Choices:
A. run
B. mate
C. hide
D. hibernate

Answer: C

Question: In winter, the arctic fox has white fur. In summer, its fur changes color to brown and gray. The change in fur color helps the arctic fox to ___.
Answer:


Question: Which property of an object describes how easily electricity travels through it?

Choices:
A. color
B. temperature
C. reflectivity
D. conductivity

Answer: D

Question: Which property of an object describes how easily electricity travels through it?
Answer:


Question: Which characteristic do both the Moon and Earth share?

Choices:
A. They both have rocky surfaces.
B. They both have active volcanoes.
C. They both have similar atmospheres.
D. They both have the same gravitational pull.

Answer: A

Question: Which characteristic do both the Moon and Earth share?
Answer:


Question: As an object falls, air resistance gradually increases until it is equal with the pull of gravity. This effect is called

Choices:
A. final velocity.
B. initial velocity.
C. escape velocity.
D. terminal velocity.

Answer: D

Question: As an object falls, air resistance gradually increases until it is equal with the pull of gravity. This effect is called
Answer:


Question: A student places a pan of water on the stove. What happens to some of the water as it is heated to a boil?

Choices:
A. It becomes a gas.
B. It becomes a solid.
C. It gets new atomic bonds.
D. It gets destroyed.

Answer: A

Question: A student places a pan of water on the stove. What happens to some of the water as it is heated to a boil?
Answer:


Question: Scientists use large optical telescopes to obtain information about the planets in the solar system. What wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation provide this information?

Choices:
A. gamma radiation
B. infrared radiation
C. radio waves
D. visible light

Answer: D

Question: Scientists use large optical telescopes to obtain information about the planets in the solar system. What wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation provide this information?
Answer:


Question: The Theory of Plate Tectonics is based on

Choices:
A. evidence of sea floor spreading.
B. topographic mapping of mountain ranges.
C. an analysis of soil at the plate boundaries.
D. volcanic activity along coastlines.

Answer: A

Question: The Theory of Plate Tectonics is based on
Answer:


Question: Historically, how has the compass been used?

Choices:
A. for navigation
B. to predict weather
C. to measure temperature
D. for mineral identification

Answer: A

Question: Historically, how has the compass been used?
Answer:


Question: Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?

Choices:
A. gray
B. warm
C. long
D. soft

Answer: D

Question: Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?
Answer:


Question: The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?

Choices:
A. taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body
B. releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body
C. absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body
D. collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body

Answer: B

releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body

Question: The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?
Answer:


Question: When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will

Choices:
A. erode.
B. foliate.
C. precipitate.
D. recrystallize.

Answer: D

Question: When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will
Answer:


Question: Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.

Choices:
A. pollen
B. dormant
C. flowers
D. recycled

Answer: B

Question: Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.
Answer:


Question: When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be

Choices:
A. fair.
B. stormy.
C. foggy.
D. rainy.

Answer: A

Question: When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be
Answer:


Question: A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?

Choices:
A. The climate was once colder.
B. The shells were carried by the wind.
C. The mountain was covered by water.
D. The shells once lived on dry land.

Answer: C

Question: A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?
Answer:


Question: Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?

Choices:
A. radio wave emissions
B. a wobble in the rotation of the star
C. regular occurring eclipses of its moons
D. the discovery of a star as large as our own

Answer: B

Question: Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?
Answer:


Question: Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?

Choices:
A. digestive
B. excretory
C. circulatory
D. respiratory

Answer: A

Question: Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?
Answer:


Question: A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use

Choices:
A. coal.
B. wind.
C. wood.
D. natural gas.

Answer: B

Question: A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use
Answer:


Question: In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?

Choices:
A. mammals
B. fungi
C. insects
D. plants

Answer: D

Question: In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?
Answer:


Question: DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?

Choices:
A. identifying genetic disorders
B. determining the parts of an atom
C. observing distant objects in space
D. making very accurate measurements

Answer: A

Question: DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?
Answer:


Question: An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of

Choices:
1. circulation
2. competition
3. mutation
4. respiration

Answer: 3

Question: An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of
Answer:


Question: When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?

Choices:
A. learned behavior
B. migration instinct
C. response to stimuli
D. reproductive strategy

Answer: C

Question: When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?
Answer:


Question: When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become

Choices:
A. warmer.
B. cooler.
C. more acidic.
D. more alkaline.

Answer: C

Question: When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become
Answer:


Question: The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because

Choices:
A. it makes food easier to find.
B. predators avoid the moth.
C. it aids in attracting a mate.
D. the moth blends in with its surroundings.

Answer: B

Question: The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because
Answer:


Question: Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a

Choices:
A. low pH level.
B. low sand content.
C. high organic matter level.
D. high parent rock material level.

Answer: C

Question: Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a
Answer:


Question: Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?

Choices:
A. a fossil
B. a description
C. a photograph
D. a cave drawing

Answer: A

Question: Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?
Answer:


Question: A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to

Choices:
A. decrease effort.
B. decrease work.
C. change direction.
D. change resistance.

Answer: C

Question: A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to
Answer:


Question: A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes

Choices:
A. the whistle material to shake.
B. the air inside the whistle to vibrate.
C. the air to be absorbed by the whistle.
D. the air in the whistle to heat up and expand.

Answer: B

Question: A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes
Answer:


Question: Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?

Choices:
A. liquids
B. metals
C. metals and gases
D. nonmetals and gases

Answer: D

Question: Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?
Answer:


Question: Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?

Choices:
A. the depth of the lake
B. the color of the water
C. the volume of the lake
D. the temperature of the water

Answer: D

Question: Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?
Answer:


Question: The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?

Choices:
A. nervous
B. digestive
C. respiratory
D. muscular

Answer: B

Question: The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?
Answer:


Question: Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?

Choices:
A. developing highways
B. driving large vehicles
C. using renewable power sources
D. using electricity from coal burning power plants

Answer: C

Question: Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?
Answer:


Question: Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?

Choices:
A. light energy -> chemical energy
B. kinetic energy -> potential energy
C. chemical energy -> mechanical energy
D. mechanical energy -> electrical energy

Answer: C

Question: Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?
Answer:


Question: A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?

Choices:
A. size
B. mass
C. boiling point
D. melting point

Answer: B

Question: A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?
Answer:


Question: Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?

Choices:
A. the skeletal system
B. the endocrine system
C. the respiratory system
D. the integumentary system

Answer: A

Question: Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?
Answer:


Question: The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands

Choices:
A. moisture.
B. vibration.
C. heat.
D. light.

Answer: C

Question: The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands
Answer:


Question: What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?

Choices:
A. gravity
B. friction
C. magnetic
D. push

Answer: B

Question: What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?
Answer:


Question: Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?

Choices:
A. filtration
B. evaporation
C. magnetic separation
D. chemical separation

Answer: B

Question: Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?
Answer:


Question: A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?

Choices:
A. obtain food
B. defend the cell
C. attach to a surface
D. perform conjugation

Answer: A

Question: A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?

Choices:
A. a portable radio
B. a television screen
C. a computer monitor
D. a mercury thermometer

Answer: A

Question: Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?
Answer:


Question: Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?

Choices:
A. They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.
B. They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen.
C. They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.
D. They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time.

Answer: D

They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time.

Question: Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?
Answer:


Question: Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?

Choices:
A. transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
B. supports and protects tissues and organs
C. removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body
D. breaks down food into a form that cells can use

Answer: B

supports and protects tissues and organs

Question: Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?
Answer:


Question: A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?

Choices:
A. the types of nests they build
B. the lengths of their tails
C. the shapes of their beaks
D. the colors of their feathers

Answer: C

Question: A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?
Answer:


Question: Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?

Choices:
A. ocean water
B. aquifer water
C. river water
D. lake water

Answer: B

Question: Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?
Answer:


Question: Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?

Choices:
A. Earthquakes occur along fault lines.
B. Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.
C. Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.
D. Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes.

Answer: A

Question: Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?
Answer:


Question: Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?

Choices:
A. oxygen and argon
B. hydrogen and helium
C. carbon dioxide and nitrogen
D. sulfur dioxide and water vapor

Answer: B

Question: Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?
Answer:


Question: Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?

Choices:
A. The mantle lies below the core.
B. The mantle is composed of hot gases.
C. The mantle lies between the core and the crust.
D. The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature.

Answer: C

The mantle lies between the core and the crust.

Question: Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?
Answer:


Question: Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?

Choices:
A. bone
B. muscle
C. nerve
D. skin

Answer: B

Question: Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?

Choices:
A. They change water into heat.
B. They produce their own food.
C. They make minerals for their roots.
D. They break down nutrients into rocks.

Answer: B

Question: Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?
Answer:


Question: In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from

Choices:
A. sperm.
B. seeds.
C. pollen.
D. eggs.

Answer: D

Question: In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from
Answer:


Question: A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?

Choices:
A. bending
B. compression
C. tension
D. torsion

Answer: B

Question: A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?

Choices:
A. applying the varnish
B. assembling the parts
C. cutting the material
D. inspecting the finish

Answer: D

Question: Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?
Answer:


Question: Which is made with the help of bacteria?

Choices:
A. Yogurt
B. Cream
C. Soap
D. Cooking oil

Answer: A

Question: Which is made with the help of bacteria?
Answer:


Question: A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?

Choices:
A. Fog is rising from the lake.
B. The water is too cold for swimming.
C. The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.
D. The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out.

Answer: A

Question: A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?
Answer:


Question: Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?

Choices:
A. sharp claws
B. curved beaks
C. large, yellow eyes
D. thick, white feathers

Answer: D

Question: Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?
Answer:


Question: All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?

Choices:
A. Food provides skin color.
B. Food provides oxygen for life.
C. Food provides water for energy.
D. Food provides energy for growth.

Answer: D

Question: All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?
Answer:


Question: A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?

Choices:
A. The truck that starts moving first is faster.
B. The truck that takes less time is faster.
C. The truck that has bigger tires is faster.
D. The truck that takes more time is faster.

Answer: B

The truck that takes less time is faster.

Question: A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?
Answer:


Question: A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?

Choices:
A. The wheel weighs less than the rod.
B. The wheel weighs more than the rod.
C. The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.
D. The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod.

Answer: C

The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.

Question: A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?
Answer:


Question: Which action results in a chemical change?

Choices:
A. apples being cut into slices
B. wood burning in a fireplace
C. wet clothes drying on a clothesline
D. snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk

Answer: B

Question: Which action results in a chemical change?
Answer:


Question: Which of these is an example of something being recycled?

Choices:
A. Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles
B. Using the same foil to cover food several times
C. Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box
D. Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag

Answer: A

Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles

Question: Which of these is an example of something being recycled?
Answer:


Question: All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?

Choices:
A. Fish -> Plants -> Birds
B. Plants -> Birds -> Fish
C. Plants -> Fish -> Birds
D. Fish -> Birds -> Plants

Answer: C

Question: All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?
Answer:


Question: How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?

Choices:
A. They have very short wavelengths.
B. They transmit energy instead of matter.
C. They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.
D. They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object.

Answer: C

They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.

Question: How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?
Answer:


Question: What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?

Choices:
A. +2
B. +1
C. -1
D. -2

Answer: B

Question: What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?
Answer:


Question: Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?

Choices:
A. chemical
B. heat
C. magnetic
D. sound

Answer: B

Question: Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?
Answer:


Question: Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?

Choices:
A. the slow movement of tectonic plates
B. the varying temperatures of each season
C. an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans
D. an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms

Answer: D

an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms

Question: Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?
Answer:


Question: What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?

Choices:
A. decoder
B. encoder
C. receiver
D. transmitter

Answer: A

Question: What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?
Answer:


Question: Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?

Choices:
A. Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.
B. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.
C. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.
D. Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock.

Answer: C

In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.

Question: Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?
Answer:


Question: Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good

Choices:
A. resistors.
B. magnets.
C. insulators.
D. conductors.

Answer: C

Question: Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good
Answer:


Question: The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.

Choices:
A. moon
B. planet
C. satellite
D. star

Answer: D

Question: The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.
Answer:


Question: Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?

Choices:
A. Jovian planets
B. Halley's comet
C. Milky Way galaxy
D. Orion's belt

Answer: C

Question: Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?
Answer:


Question: Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?

Choices:
A. reducing consumption, recycling wastes
B. increasing consumption, discarding wastes
C. reducing consumption, discarding wastes
D. increasing consumption, recycling wastes

Answer: A

Question: Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?
Answer:


Question: A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?

Choices:
A. -10°C
B. -1°C
C. 0°C
D. 10°C

Answer: C

Question: A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?
Answer:


Question: Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?

Choices:
A. mechanical isolation
B. behavioral isolation
C. habitat isolation
D. allopatric isolation

Answer: C

Question: Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?
Answer:


Question: A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?

Choices:
A. how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet
B. how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet
C. how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings
D. how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet

Answer: B

how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet

Question: A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?
Answer:


Question: Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?

Choices:
A. gamma radiation
B. infrared radiation
C. radio waves
D. visible light

Answer: A

Question: Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?
Answer:


Question: After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?

Choices:
A. precipitation
B. transpiration
C. evaporation
D. condensation

Answer: C

Question: After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?
Answer:


Question: The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?

Choices:
A. river flooding
B. glacier melting
C. ocean evaporation
D. plant transpiration

Answer: C

Question: The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?
Answer:


Question: Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?

Choices:
A. A sunflower grows toward the Sun.
B. A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.
C. An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.
D. A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one.

Answer: C

An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.

Question: Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?
Answer:


Question: What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?

Choices:
1. pedigree chart
2. dichotomous key
3. energy pyramid
4. line graph

Answer: 1

Question: What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?
Answer:


Question: Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?

Choices:
A. virus
B. tissue
C. organ
D. nucleus

Answer: B

Question: Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?
Answer:


Question: Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?

Choices:
A. diabetes
B. leukemia
C. pneumonia
D. hemophilia

Answer: B

Question: Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?
Answer:


Question: A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?

Choices:
A. chloroplast
B. nucleus
C. mitochondrion
D. cytoplasm

Answer: A

Question: A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?
Answer:


Question: A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?

Choices:
A. after a drought
B. after a heat wave
C. after a forest fire
D. after a tornado

Answer: C

Question: A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?
Answer:


Question: A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?

Choices:
A. gene flow
B. natural selection
C. genetic drift
D. mutation

Answer: C

Question: A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?
Answer:


Question: Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?

Choices:
A. They would die within hours.
B. They would become endangered.
C. They would need to migrate.
D. They would grow at a slower rate.

Answer: B

Question: Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?
Answer:


Question: Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the

Choices:
A. lithosphere.
B. biosphere.
C. hydrosphere.
D. atmosphere.

Answer: D

Question: Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the
Answer:


Question: Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?

Choices:
A. a landslide
B. a tornado
C. a tsunami
D. an earthquake

Answer: C

Question: Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?
Answer:


Question: Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?

Choices:
A. Bones provide protection for organs in the body.
B. Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.
C. Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.
D. Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord.

Answer: A

Bones provide protection for organs in the body.

Question: Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?
Answer:


Question: When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and

Choices:
A. chemical energy
B. magnetic energy
C. heat energy
D. mechanical energy

Answer: C

Question: When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and
Answer:


Question: Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?

Choices:
A. reflection
B. refraction
C. diffraction
D. absorption

Answer: B

Question: Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?
Answer:


Question: Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover

Choices:
A. metal.
B. wood.
C. solids.
D. liquids.

Answer: A

Question: Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover
Answer:


Question: What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?

Choices:
A. Earth has a moon
B. Earth has a tilted axis
C. Earth has a magnetic field
D. Earth has an elliptical orbit

Answer: B

Question: What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?
Answer:


Question: Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?

Choices:
A. oxygen
B. nitrogen
C. hydrogen
D. carbon dioxide

Answer: A

Question: Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?
Answer:


Question: By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?

Choices:
A. eroding the land by tilling
B. overproducing food crops
C. removing weeds from crops
D. spraying plants with pesticides

Answer: D

Question: By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?
Answer:


Question: The phases of the Moon are caused by the

Choices:
A. tilt of the Earth.
B. tilt of the Moon.
C. revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
D. revolution of the Moon around the Earth.

Answer: D

revolution of the Moon around the Earth.

Question: The phases of the Moon are caused by the
Answer:


Question: A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?

Choices:
A. 0.025
B. 10
C. 19.5
D. 40

Answer: D

Question: A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?
Answer:


Question: How is weather related to climate?

Choices:
A. Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.
B. Climate describes the weather of a large area.
C. Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate.
D. Weather describes the climate of a large area.

Answer: A

Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.

Question: How is weather related to climate?
Answer:


Question: Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?

Choices:
1. carnivore
2. herbivore
3. decomposer
4. producer

Answer: 3

Question: Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?
Answer:


Question: Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?

Choices:
A. remove earthworms
B. add more water to the soil
C. increase the amount of pesticide he uses
D. mix decomposed plant matter into the soil

Answer: D

mix decomposed plant matter into the soil

Question: Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?
Answer:


Question: In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because

Choices:
A. the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low
B. the temperature on the Moon is too low
C. there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through
D. the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound

Answer: C

there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through

Question: In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because
Answer:


Question: When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to

Choices:
A. frighten away other types of birds
B. mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird
C. attract insects
D. wake up other animals

Answer: B

mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird

Question: When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to
Answer:


Question: Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?

Choices:
1. digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells
2. circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system
3. digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system
4. circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells

Answer: 1

digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells

Question: Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?
Answer:


Question: One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.

Choices:
A. the amount of water in the plant's environment
B. the amount of sunlight shining on the plant
C. the color of the flowers on the plant
D. the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows

Answer: C

Question: One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.
Answer:


Question: When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a

Choices:
1. high tide
2. low tide
3. lunar eclipse
4. Moon phase

Answer: 3

Question: When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a
Answer:


Question: When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes

Choices:
A. humus.
B. anaerobic.
C. compost.
D. aerobic.

Answer: B

Question: When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes
Answer:


Question: A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?

Choices:
A. use it and then dispose of it
B. use it and then return it to where he got it
C. dispose of the beaker and get a new one
D. put it back where he found it and get a new one

Answer: C

Question: A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?
Answer:


Question: Which event is an example of a chemical change?

Choices:
A. fog rising off a river
B. wood burning in a fireplace
C. ice cream melting in the sunshine
D. grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes

Answer: B

Question: Which event is an example of a chemical change?
Answer:


Question: Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?

Choices:
1. circulatory
2. digestive
3. nervous
4. endocrine

Answer: 4

Question: Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?
Answer:


Question: Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?

Choices:
A. Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.
B. The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.
C. Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.
D. Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.

Answer: D

Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.

Question: Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?
Answer:


Question: The atomic number of an element refers to the number of

Choices:
A. electrons in the outer shell.
B. neutrons in the outer shell.
C. electrons in the nucleus.
D. protons in the nucleus.

Answer: D

Question: The atomic number of an element refers to the number of
Answer:


Question: Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to

Choices:
A. help patients spend less time in the emergency room.
B. aid research students who are studying complex organisms.
C. help make medicines from newly discovered plants.
D. develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.

Answer: D

develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.

Question: Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to
Answer: