[["Question:  On Pogge's view, affluent citizens are harming the poor by\nChoices:\nA. imposing on them the lasting effects of historical crimes.\nB. keeping them below welfare in the state-of-nature.\nC. both A and B\nD. None of the above\nAnswer:", " imposing on them the lasting effects of historical crimes."], ["Question:  On Pogge's view, affluent citizens are harming the poor by\nChoices:\nA. imposing on them the lasting effects of historical crimes.\nB. keeping them below welfare in the state-of-nature.\nC. both A and B\nD. None of the above\nAnswer:", " keeping them below welfare in the state-of-nature."], ["Question:  On Pogge's view, affluent citizens are harming the poor by\nChoices:\nA. imposing on them the lasting effects of historical crimes.\nB. keeping them below welfare in the state-of-nature.\nC. both A and B\nD. None of the above\nAnswer:", " both A and B"], ["Question:  On Pogge's view, affluent citizens are harming the poor by\nChoices:\nA. imposing on them the lasting effects of historical crimes.\nB. keeping them below welfare in the state-of-nature.\nC. both A and B\nD. None of the above\nAnswer:", " None of the above"], ["Question:  The basic idea of social contract theories of morality is that correct or justified moral rules or principles are the ones that result from\nChoices:\nA. a social leader's moral deliberations.\nB. an actual or hypothetical social agreement of some sort.\nC. a contract that has been signed by most of the affected parties.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " a social leader's moral deliberations."], ["Question:  The basic idea of social contract theories of morality is that correct or justified moral rules or principles are the ones that result from\nChoices:\nA. a social leader's moral deliberations.\nB. an actual or hypothetical social agreement of some sort.\nC. a contract that has been signed by most of the affected parties.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " an actual or hypothetical social agreement of some sort."], ["Question:  The basic idea of social contract theories of morality is that correct or justified moral rules or principles are the ones that result from\nChoices:\nA. a social leader's moral deliberations.\nB. an actual or hypothetical social agreement of some sort.\nC. a contract that has been signed by most of the affected parties.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " a contract that has been signed by most of the affected parties."], ["Question:  The basic idea of social contract theories of morality is that correct or justified moral rules or principles are the ones that result from\nChoices:\nA. a social leader's moral deliberations.\nB. an actual or hypothetical social agreement of some sort.\nC. a contract that has been signed by most of the affected parties.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " none of the above"], ["Question:  On the proposal that we need to establish world food banks to help those who are in need, Hardin would say that\nChoices:\nA. if the proposal were to be realized, the operation must be conducted consistently.\nB. only the richer countries have some moral obligation to make deposits in the world food banks.\nC. it would be subject to the tragedy of the commons.\nD. we need to go with the idea because we ought not to punish poor people who are caught in an emergency.\nAnswer:", " if the proposal were to be realized, the operation must be conducted consistently."], ["Question:  On the proposal that we need to establish world food banks to help those who are in need, Hardin would say that\nChoices:\nA. if the proposal were to be realized, the operation must be conducted consistently.\nB. only the richer countries have some moral obligation to make deposits in the world food banks.\nC. it would be subject to the tragedy of the commons.\nD. we need to go with the idea because we ought not to punish poor people who are caught in an emergency.\nAnswer:", " only the richer countries have some moral obligation to make deposits in the world food banks."], ["Question:  On the proposal that we need to establish world food banks to help those who are in need, Hardin would say that\nChoices:\nA. if the proposal were to be realized, the operation must be conducted consistently.\nB. only the richer countries have some moral obligation to make deposits in the world food banks.\nC. it would be subject to the tragedy of the commons.\nD. we need to go with the idea because we ought not to punish poor people who are caught in an emergency.\nAnswer:", " it would be subject to the tragedy of the commons."], ["Question:  On the proposal that we need to establish world food banks to help those who are in need, Hardin would say that\nChoices:\nA. if the proposal were to be realized, the operation must be conducted consistently.\nB. only the richer countries have some moral obligation to make deposits in the world food banks.\nC. it would be subject to the tragedy of the commons.\nD. we need to go with the idea because we ought not to punish poor people who are caught in an emergency.\nAnswer:", " we need to go with the idea because we ought not to punish poor people who are caught in an emergency."], ["Question:  What kind of consequentialist theory does Dershowitz think can justify terrorism in certain extreme particular cases?\nChoices:\nA. act-based deontology\nB. rule-based hedonism\nC. rule utilitarianism\nD. act utilitarianism\nAnswer:", " act-based deontology"], ["Question:  What kind of consequentialist theory does Dershowitz think can justify terrorism in certain extreme particular cases?\nChoices:\nA. act-based deontology\nB. rule-based hedonism\nC. rule utilitarianism\nD. act utilitarianism\nAnswer:", " rule-based hedonism"], ["Question:  What kind of consequentialist theory does Dershowitz think can justify terrorism in certain extreme particular cases?\nChoices:\nA. act-based deontology\nB. rule-based hedonism\nC. rule utilitarianism\nD. act utilitarianism\nAnswer:", " rule utilitarianism"], ["Question:  What kind of consequentialist theory does Dershowitz think can justify terrorism in certain extreme particular cases?\nChoices:\nA. act-based deontology\nB. rule-based hedonism\nC. rule utilitarianism\nD. act utilitarianism\nAnswer:", " act utilitarianism"], ["Question:  The best explanation for drug addiction, according to Shapiro, appeals to\nChoices:\nA. one's individual mindset and social setting.\nB. the pharmacological effects of drug use (e.g., withdrawal).\nC. one's genetic profile, which explains why some people have \"addictive personalities.\"\nD. specific psychological disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.\nAnswer:", " one's individual mindset and social setting."], ["Question:  The best explanation for drug addiction, according to Shapiro, appeals to\nChoices:\nA. one's individual mindset and social setting.\nB. the pharmacological effects of drug use (e.g., withdrawal).\nC. one's genetic profile, which explains why some people have \"addictive personalities.\"\nD. specific psychological disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.\nAnswer:", " the pharmacological effects of drug use (e.g., withdrawal)."], ["Question:  The best explanation for drug addiction, according to Shapiro, appeals to\nChoices:\nA. one's individual mindset and social setting.\nB. the pharmacological effects of drug use (e.g., withdrawal).\nC. one's genetic profile, which explains why some people have \"addictive personalities.\"\nD. specific psychological disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.\nAnswer:", " one's genetic profile, which explains why some people have \"addictive personalities.\""], ["Question:  The best explanation for drug addiction, according to Shapiro, appeals to\nChoices:\nA. one's individual mindset and social setting.\nB. the pharmacological effects of drug use (e.g., withdrawal).\nC. one's genetic profile, which explains why some people have \"addictive personalities.\"\nD. specific psychological disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.\nAnswer:", " specific psychological disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder."], ["Question:  According to Kant, all imperatives are expressed by the word\nChoices:\nA. \"want.\"\nB. \"ought.\"\nC. \"will.\"\nD. \"may.\"\nAnswer:", " \"want.\""], ["Question:  According to Kant, all imperatives are expressed by the word\nChoices:\nA. \"want.\"\nB. \"ought.\"\nC. \"will.\"\nD. \"may.\"\nAnswer:", " \"ought.\""], ["Question:  According to Kant, all imperatives are expressed by the word\nChoices:\nA. \"want.\"\nB. \"ought.\"\nC. \"will.\"\nD. \"may.\"\nAnswer:", " \"will.\""], ["Question:  According to Kant, all imperatives are expressed by the word\nChoices:\nA. \"want.\"\nB. \"ought.\"\nC. \"will.\"\nD. \"may.\"\nAnswer:", " \"may.\""], ["Question:  Van den Haag responds to the \"miscarriages of justice\" objection by claiming that\nChoices:\nA. miscarriages of justice are offset by the moral benefits and usefulness of doing justice.\nB. there have been no miscarriages of justice, in the sense used in the objection.\nC. miscarriages of justice are inevitable and so irrelevant.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " miscarriages of justice are offset by the moral benefits and usefulness of doing justice."], ["Question:  Van den Haag responds to the \"miscarriages of justice\" objection by claiming that\nChoices:\nA. miscarriages of justice are offset by the moral benefits and usefulness of doing justice.\nB. there have been no miscarriages of justice, in the sense used in the objection.\nC. miscarriages of justice are inevitable and so irrelevant.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " there have been no miscarriages of justice, in the sense used in the objection."], ["Question:  Van den Haag responds to the \"miscarriages of justice\" objection by claiming that\nChoices:\nA. miscarriages of justice are offset by the moral benefits and usefulness of doing justice.\nB. there have been no miscarriages of justice, in the sense used in the objection.\nC. miscarriages of justice are inevitable and so irrelevant.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " miscarriages of justice are inevitable and so irrelevant."], ["Question:  Van den Haag responds to the \"miscarriages of justice\" objection by claiming that\nChoices:\nA. miscarriages of justice are offset by the moral benefits and usefulness of doing justice.\nB. there have been no miscarriages of justice, in the sense used in the objection.\nC. miscarriages of justice are inevitable and so irrelevant.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " none of the above"], ["Question:  Mill thinks that if something is desirable, but not desirable as an end, then it must be\nChoices:\nA. desirable as a rule.\nB. desirable in theory.\nC. desirable as a means.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " desirable as a rule."], ["Question:  Mill thinks that if something is desirable, but not desirable as an end, then it must be\nChoices:\nA. desirable as a rule.\nB. desirable in theory.\nC. desirable as a means.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " desirable in theory."], ["Question:  Mill thinks that if something is desirable, but not desirable as an end, then it must be\nChoices:\nA. desirable as a rule.\nB. desirable in theory.\nC. desirable as a means.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " desirable as a means."], ["Question:  Mill thinks that if something is desirable, but not desirable as an end, then it must be\nChoices:\nA. desirable as a rule.\nB. desirable in theory.\nC. desirable as a means.\nD. none of the above\nAnswer:", " none of the above"], ["Question:  Cases in which a doctor is involved to some degree in assisting an individual to commit suicide are known as\nChoices:\nA. mercy killing.\nB. physician-assisted suicide.\nC. involuntary euthanasia.\nD. all of the above\nAnswer:", " mercy killing."], ["Question:  Cases in which a doctor is involved to some degree in assisting an individual to commit suicide are known as\nChoices:\nA. mercy killing.\nB. physician-assisted suicide.\nC. involuntary euthanasia.\nD. all of the above\nAnswer:", " physician-assisted suicide."], ["Question:  Cases in which a doctor is involved to some degree in assisting an individual to commit suicide are known as\nChoices:\nA. mercy killing.\nB. physician-assisted suicide.\nC. involuntary euthanasia.\nD. all of the above\nAnswer:", " involuntary euthanasia."], ["Question:  Cases in which a doctor is involved to some degree in assisting an individual to commit suicide are known as\nChoices:\nA. mercy killing.\nB. physician-assisted suicide.\nC. involuntary euthanasia.\nD. all of the above\nAnswer:", " all of the above"], ["Question:  According to Norcross, any attempt to justify the claim that humans have a higher moral status than other animals by appealing to some version of rationality as the morally relevant difference between humans and animals will\nChoices:\nA. fail to give an adequate answer to the argument from marginal cases.\nB. fail to make the case that such a difference is morally relevant to the status of animals as moral patients as opposed to their status as moral agents.\nC. both A and B\nD. neither A nor B\nAnswer:", " fail to give an adequate answer to the argument from marginal cases."], ["Question:  According to Norcross, any attempt to justify the claim that humans have a higher moral status than other animals by appealing to some version of rationality as the morally relevant difference between humans and animals will\nChoices:\nA. fail to give an adequate answer to the argument from marginal cases.\nB. fail to make the case that such a difference is morally relevant to the status of animals as moral patients as opposed to their status as moral agents.\nC. both A and B\nD. neither A nor B\nAnswer:", " fail to make the case that such a difference is morally relevant to the status of animals as moral patients as opposed to their status as moral agents."], ["Question:  According to Norcross, any attempt to justify the claim that humans have a higher moral status than other animals by appealing to some version of rationality as the morally relevant difference between humans and animals will\nChoices:\nA. fail to give an adequate answer to the argument from marginal cases.\nB. fail to make the case that such a difference is morally relevant to the status of animals as moral patients as opposed to their status as moral agents.\nC. both A and B\nD. neither A nor B\nAnswer:", " both A and B"], ["Question:  According to Norcross, any attempt to justify the claim that humans have a higher moral status than other animals by appealing to some version of rationality as the morally relevant difference between humans and animals will\nChoices:\nA. fail to give an adequate answer to the argument from marginal cases.\nB. fail to make the case that such a difference is morally relevant to the status of animals as moral patients as opposed to their status as moral agents.\nC. both A and B\nD. neither A nor B\nAnswer:", " neither A nor B"]]