[["Question: In the inherited disorder called Pompe disease, glycogen breakdown in the cytosol occurs normally and blood glucose levels are normal, yet glycogen accumulates in lysosomes. This suggests a malfunction with\nChoices:\nA. enzymes in the lysosomes\nB. enzymes in the mitochondria\nC. membrane transport during exocytosis\nD. membrane transport during endocytosis\nAnswer:", " enzymes in the lysosomes"], ["Question: In the inherited disorder called Pompe disease, glycogen breakdown in the cytosol occurs normally and blood glucose levels are normal, yet glycogen accumulates in lysosomes. This suggests a malfunction with\nChoices:\nA. enzymes in the lysosomes\nB. enzymes in the mitochondria\nC. membrane transport during exocytosis\nD. membrane transport during endocytosis\nAnswer:", " enzymes in the mitochondria"], ["Question: In the inherited disorder called Pompe disease, glycogen breakdown in the cytosol occurs normally and blood glucose levels are normal, yet glycogen accumulates in lysosomes. This suggests a malfunction with\nChoices:\nA. enzymes in the lysosomes\nB. enzymes in the mitochondria\nC. membrane transport during exocytosis\nD. membrane transport during endocytosis\nAnswer:", " membrane transport during exocytosis"], ["Question: In the inherited disorder called Pompe disease, glycogen breakdown in the cytosol occurs normally and blood glucose levels are normal, yet glycogen accumulates in lysosomes. This suggests a malfunction with\nChoices:\nA. enzymes in the lysosomes\nB. enzymes in the mitochondria\nC. membrane transport during exocytosis\nD. membrane transport during endocytosis\nAnswer:", " membrane transport during endocytosis"], ["Question: A man contracts the same flu strain for the second time in a single winter season. The second time he experiences fewer symptoms and recovers more quickly. Which cells are responsible for this rapid recovery?\nChoices:\nA. Helper T cells\nB. Cytotoxic T cells\nC. Memory cells\nD. Plasma cells\nAnswer:", " Helper T cells"], ["Question: A man contracts the same flu strain for the second time in a single winter season. The second time he experiences fewer symptoms and recovers more quickly. Which cells are responsible for this rapid recovery?\nChoices:\nA. Helper T cells\nB. Cytotoxic T cells\nC. Memory cells\nD. Plasma cells\nAnswer:", " Cytotoxic T cells"], ["Question: A man contracts the same flu strain for the second time in a single winter season. The second time he experiences fewer symptoms and recovers more quickly. Which cells are responsible for this rapid recovery?\nChoices:\nA. Helper T cells\nB. Cytotoxic T cells\nC. Memory cells\nD. Plasma cells\nAnswer:", " Memory cells"], ["Question: A man contracts the same flu strain for the second time in a single winter season. The second time he experiences fewer symptoms and recovers more quickly. Which cells are responsible for this rapid recovery?\nChoices:\nA. Helper T cells\nB. Cytotoxic T cells\nC. Memory cells\nD. Plasma cells\nAnswer:", " Plasma cells"], ["Question: The sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin molecules of humans is more similar to the hemoglobin of chimpanzees than it is to the hemoglobin of dogs. This similarity suggests that\nChoices:\nA. humans and dogs are more closely related than humans and chimpanzees\nB. humans and chimpanzees are more closely related than humans and dogs\nC. humans are related to chimpanzees but not to dogs\nD. humans and chimpanzees are closely analogous\nAnswer:", " humans and dogs are more closely related than humans and chimpanzees"], ["Question: The sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin molecules of humans is more similar to the hemoglobin of chimpanzees than it is to the hemoglobin of dogs. This similarity suggests that\nChoices:\nA. humans and dogs are more closely related than humans and chimpanzees\nB. humans and chimpanzees are more closely related than humans and dogs\nC. humans are related to chimpanzees but not to dogs\nD. humans and chimpanzees are closely analogous\nAnswer:", " humans and chimpanzees are more closely related than humans and dogs"], ["Question: The sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin molecules of humans is more similar to the hemoglobin of chimpanzees than it is to the hemoglobin of dogs. This similarity suggests that\nChoices:\nA. humans and dogs are more closely related than humans and chimpanzees\nB. humans and chimpanzees are more closely related than humans and dogs\nC. humans are related to chimpanzees but not to dogs\nD. humans and chimpanzees are closely analogous\nAnswer:", " humans are related to chimpanzees but not to dogs"], ["Question: The sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin molecules of humans is more similar to the hemoglobin of chimpanzees than it is to the hemoglobin of dogs. This similarity suggests that\nChoices:\nA. humans and dogs are more closely related than humans and chimpanzees\nB. humans and chimpanzees are more closely related than humans and dogs\nC. humans are related to chimpanzees but not to dogs\nD. humans and chimpanzees are closely analogous\nAnswer:", " humans and chimpanzees are closely analogous"], ["Question: When the first tiny prokaryotic cell took up residence inside a larger prokaryotic cell, it heralded the advent of the eukaryotic cell and led to an explosion of new life on Earth. Since then, most cells on Earth have internal organelles. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of having internal membranes and organelles?\nChoices:\nA. DNA can reproduce more efficiently.\nB. Even though prokaryotes do not have mitochondria, they contain structures that carry out the same function.\nC. Organelles separate specific reactions in the cell and increase metabolic efficiency.\nD. Compartmentalization enables prokaryotes to reproduce more quickly.\nAnswer:", " DNA can reproduce more efficiently."], ["Question: When the first tiny prokaryotic cell took up residence inside a larger prokaryotic cell, it heralded the advent of the eukaryotic cell and led to an explosion of new life on Earth. Since then, most cells on Earth have internal organelles. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of having internal membranes and organelles?\nChoices:\nA. DNA can reproduce more efficiently.\nB. Even though prokaryotes do not have mitochondria, they contain structures that carry out the same function.\nC. Organelles separate specific reactions in the cell and increase metabolic efficiency.\nD. Compartmentalization enables prokaryotes to reproduce more quickly.\nAnswer:", " Even though prokaryotes do not have mitochondria, they contain structures that carry out the same function."], ["Question: When the first tiny prokaryotic cell took up residence inside a larger prokaryotic cell, it heralded the advent of the eukaryotic cell and led to an explosion of new life on Earth. Since then, most cells on Earth have internal organelles. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of having internal membranes and organelles?\nChoices:\nA. DNA can reproduce more efficiently.\nB. Even though prokaryotes do not have mitochondria, they contain structures that carry out the same function.\nC. Organelles separate specific reactions in the cell and increase metabolic efficiency.\nD. Compartmentalization enables prokaryotes to reproduce more quickly.\nAnswer:", " Organelles separate specific reactions in the cell and increase metabolic efficiency."], ["Question: When the first tiny prokaryotic cell took up residence inside a larger prokaryotic cell, it heralded the advent of the eukaryotic cell and led to an explosion of new life on Earth. Since then, most cells on Earth have internal organelles. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of having internal membranes and organelles?\nChoices:\nA. DNA can reproduce more efficiently.\nB. Even though prokaryotes do not have mitochondria, they contain structures that carry out the same function.\nC. Organelles separate specific reactions in the cell and increase metabolic efficiency.\nD. Compartmentalization enables prokaryotes to reproduce more quickly.\nAnswer:", " Compartmentalization enables prokaryotes to reproduce more quickly."], ["Question: Which of the following statements about the immune system is NOT correct?\nChoices:\nA. Innate immunity, also known as the adaptive immune response, relies on circulating phagocytes engulfing foreign substances.\nB. Adaptive immunity is a slower response than innate immunity.\nC. Innate immunity activates a humoral response.\nD. Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells.\nAnswer:", " Innate immunity, also known as the adaptive immune response, relies on circulating phagocytes engulfing foreign substances."], ["Question: Which of the following statements about the immune system is NOT correct?\nChoices:\nA. Innate immunity, also known as the adaptive immune response, relies on circulating phagocytes engulfing foreign substances.\nB. Adaptive immunity is a slower response than innate immunity.\nC. Innate immunity activates a humoral response.\nD. Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells.\nAnswer:", " Adaptive immunity is a slower response than innate immunity."], ["Question: Which of the following statements about the immune system is NOT correct?\nChoices:\nA. Innate immunity, also known as the adaptive immune response, relies on circulating phagocytes engulfing foreign substances.\nB. Adaptive immunity is a slower response than innate immunity.\nC. Innate immunity activates a humoral response.\nD. Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells.\nAnswer:", " Innate immunity activates a humoral response."], ["Question: Which of the following statements about the immune system is NOT correct?\nChoices:\nA. Innate immunity, also known as the adaptive immune response, relies on circulating phagocytes engulfing foreign substances.\nB. Adaptive immunity is a slower response than innate immunity.\nC. Innate immunity activates a humoral response.\nD. Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells.\nAnswer:", " Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells."], ["Question: Viruses are considered an exception to the cell theory because they\nChoices:\nA. are not independent organisms\nB. have only a few genes\nC. move about via their tails\nD. have evolved from ancestral protists\nAnswer:", " are not independent organisms"], ["Question: Viruses are considered an exception to the cell theory because they\nChoices:\nA. are not independent organisms\nB. have only a few genes\nC. move about via their tails\nD. have evolved from ancestral protists\nAnswer:", " have only a few genes"], ["Question: Viruses are considered an exception to the cell theory because they\nChoices:\nA. are not independent organisms\nB. have only a few genes\nC. move about via their tails\nD. have evolved from ancestral protists\nAnswer:", " move about via their tails"], ["Question: Viruses are considered an exception to the cell theory because they\nChoices:\nA. are not independent organisms\nB. have only a few genes\nC. move about via their tails\nD. have evolved from ancestral protists\nAnswer:", " have evolved from ancestral protists"], ["Question: Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns?\nChoices:\nA. artificial selection\nB. directional selection\nC. stabilizing selection\nD. disruptive selection\nAnswer:", " artificial selection"], ["Question: Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns?\nChoices:\nA. artificial selection\nB. directional selection\nC. stabilizing selection\nD. disruptive selection\nAnswer:", " directional selection"], ["Question: Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns?\nChoices:\nA. artificial selection\nB. directional selection\nC. stabilizing selection\nD. disruptive selection\nAnswer:", " stabilizing selection"], ["Question: Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns?\nChoices:\nA. artificial selection\nB. directional selection\nC. stabilizing selection\nD. disruptive selection\nAnswer:", " disruptive selection"], ["Question: There are 40 individuals in population 1, all of which have genotype A1A1, and there are 25 individuals in population 2, all of genotype A2A2. Assume that these populations are located far from one another and that their environmental conditions are very similar. Based on the information given here, the observed genetic variation is mostly likely an example of\nChoices:\nA. genetic drift.\nB. gene flow.\nC. disruptive selection.\nD. discrete variation.\nAnswer:", " genetic drift."], ["Question: There are 40 individuals in population 1, all of which have genotype A1A1, and there are 25 individuals in population 2, all of genotype A2A2. Assume that these populations are located far from one another and that their environmental conditions are very similar. Based on the information given here, the observed genetic variation is mostly likely an example of\nChoices:\nA. genetic drift.\nB. gene flow.\nC. disruptive selection.\nD. discrete variation.\nAnswer:", " gene flow."], ["Question: There are 40 individuals in population 1, all of which have genotype A1A1, and there are 25 individuals in population 2, all of genotype A2A2. Assume that these populations are located far from one another and that their environmental conditions are very similar. Based on the information given here, the observed genetic variation is mostly likely an example of\nChoices:\nA. genetic drift.\nB. gene flow.\nC. disruptive selection.\nD. discrete variation.\nAnswer:", " disruptive selection."], ["Question: There are 40 individuals in population 1, all of which have genotype A1A1, and there are 25 individuals in population 2, all of genotype A2A2. Assume that these populations are located far from one another and that their environmental conditions are very similar. Based on the information given here, the observed genetic variation is mostly likely an example of\nChoices:\nA. genetic drift.\nB. gene flow.\nC. disruptive selection.\nD. discrete variation.\nAnswer:", " discrete variation."], ["Question: Recently, seasonal dead zones in low-oxygen waters have been occurring annually in the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the Mississippi River. The dead zones result from the rapid growth of photosynthetic phytoplankton (algal blooms) and their subsequent decay by oxygen-depleting microbes in the water column. Which of the following factors most likely triggers the algal blooms and the associated dead zones?\nChoices:\nA. A decrease in the light level in surface waters as day length starts to shorten after the summer solstice\nB. Increased predation by marine larvae and other zooplankton during the summer months\nC. A summer influx of nutrients derived from chemical fertilizers that are high in nitrogen and phosphorus\nD. Decreased competition from other marine phytoplankton during the summer months\nAnswer:", " A decrease in the light level in surface waters as day length starts to shorten after the summer solstice"], ["Question: Recently, seasonal dead zones in low-oxygen waters have been occurring annually in the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the Mississippi River. The dead zones result from the rapid growth of photosynthetic phytoplankton (algal blooms) and their subsequent decay by oxygen-depleting microbes in the water column. Which of the following factors most likely triggers the algal blooms and the associated dead zones?\nChoices:\nA. A decrease in the light level in surface waters as day length starts to shorten after the summer solstice\nB. Increased predation by marine larvae and other zooplankton during the summer months\nC. A summer influx of nutrients derived from chemical fertilizers that are high in nitrogen and phosphorus\nD. Decreased competition from other marine phytoplankton during the summer months\nAnswer:", " Increased predation by marine larvae and other zooplankton during the summer months"], ["Question: Recently, seasonal dead zones in low-oxygen waters have been occurring annually in the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the Mississippi River. The dead zones result from the rapid growth of photosynthetic phytoplankton (algal blooms) and their subsequent decay by oxygen-depleting microbes in the water column. Which of the following factors most likely triggers the algal blooms and the associated dead zones?\nChoices:\nA. A decrease in the light level in surface waters as day length starts to shorten after the summer solstice\nB. Increased predation by marine larvae and other zooplankton during the summer months\nC. A summer influx of nutrients derived from chemical fertilizers that are high in nitrogen and phosphorus\nD. Decreased competition from other marine phytoplankton during the summer months\nAnswer:", " A summer influx of nutrients derived from chemical fertilizers that are high in nitrogen and phosphorus"], ["Question: Recently, seasonal dead zones in low-oxygen waters have been occurring annually in the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the Mississippi River. The dead zones result from the rapid growth of photosynthetic phytoplankton (algal blooms) and their subsequent decay by oxygen-depleting microbes in the water column. Which of the following factors most likely triggers the algal blooms and the associated dead zones?\nChoices:\nA. A decrease in the light level in surface waters as day length starts to shorten after the summer solstice\nB. Increased predation by marine larvae and other zooplankton during the summer months\nC. A summer influx of nutrients derived from chemical fertilizers that are high in nitrogen and phosphorus\nD. Decreased competition from other marine phytoplankton during the summer months\nAnswer:", " Decreased competition from other marine phytoplankton during the summer months"], ["Question: Which of the following best explains why lignin is important to the evolutionary success of land plants?\nChoices:\nA. Lignin provides structural support, allowing plants to grow tall.\nB. Lignin stimulates spore formation, leading to gametogenesis.\nC. Lignin supplies the developing embryo with essential nutrients, enabling its growth.\nD. Lignin supplements the absorption of light by chlorophyll, increasing photosynthetic output.\nAnswer:", " Lignin provides structural support, allowing plants to grow tall."], ["Question: Which of the following best explains why lignin is important to the evolutionary success of land plants?\nChoices:\nA. Lignin provides structural support, allowing plants to grow tall.\nB. Lignin stimulates spore formation, leading to gametogenesis.\nC. Lignin supplies the developing embryo with essential nutrients, enabling its growth.\nD. Lignin supplements the absorption of light by chlorophyll, increasing photosynthetic output.\nAnswer:", " Lignin stimulates spore formation, leading to gametogenesis."], ["Question: Which of the following best explains why lignin is important to the evolutionary success of land plants?\nChoices:\nA. Lignin provides structural support, allowing plants to grow tall.\nB. Lignin stimulates spore formation, leading to gametogenesis.\nC. Lignin supplies the developing embryo with essential nutrients, enabling its growth.\nD. Lignin supplements the absorption of light by chlorophyll, increasing photosynthetic output.\nAnswer:", " Lignin supplies the developing embryo with essential nutrients, enabling its growth."], ["Question: Which of the following best explains why lignin is important to the evolutionary success of land plants?\nChoices:\nA. Lignin provides structural support, allowing plants to grow tall.\nB. Lignin stimulates spore formation, leading to gametogenesis.\nC. Lignin supplies the developing embryo with essential nutrients, enabling its growth.\nD. Lignin supplements the absorption of light by chlorophyll, increasing photosynthetic output.\nAnswer:", " Lignin supplements the absorption of light by chlorophyll, increasing photosynthetic output."]]