[["Question: Planets X, Y and Z take 360, 450 and 540 days, respectively, to rotate around the same sun. If the three planets are lined up in a ray having the sun as its endpoint, what is the minimum positive number of days before they are all in the exact same locations again?\nChoices:\nA. 360\nB. 5400\nC. 900\nD. 1200\nAnswer:"," 360"],["Question: Planets X, Y and Z take 360, 450 and 540 days, respectively, to rotate around the same sun. If the three planets are lined up in a ray having the sun as its endpoint, what is the minimum positive number of days before they are all in the exact same locations again?\nChoices:\nA. 360\nB. 5400\nC. 900\nD. 1200\nAnswer:"," 5400"],["Question: Planets X, Y and Z take 360, 450 and 540 days, respectively, to rotate around the same sun. If the three planets are lined up in a ray having the sun as its endpoint, what is the minimum positive number of days before they are all in the exact same locations again?\nChoices:\nA. 360\nB. 5400\nC. 900\nD. 1200\nAnswer:"," 900"],["Question: Planets X, Y and Z take 360, 450 and 540 days, respectively, to rotate around the same sun. If the three planets are lined up in a ray having the sun as its endpoint, what is the minimum positive number of days before they are all in the exact same locations again?\nChoices:\nA. 360\nB. 5400\nC. 900\nD. 1200\nAnswer:"," 1200"],["Question: John divided his souvenir hat pins into two piles. The two piles had an equal number of pins. He gave his brother one-half of one-third of one pile. John had 66 pins left. How many pins did John originally have?\nChoices:\nA. 792\nB. 66\nC. 396\nD. 72\nAnswer:"," 792"],["Question: John divided his souvenir hat pins into two piles. The two piles had an equal number of pins. He gave his brother one-half of one-third of one pile. John had 66 pins left. How many pins did John originally have?\nChoices:\nA. 792\nB. 66\nC. 396\nD. 72\nAnswer:"," 66"],["Question: John divided his souvenir hat pins into two piles. The two piles had an equal number of pins. He gave his brother one-half of one-third of one pile. John had 66 pins left. How many pins did John originally have?\nChoices:\nA. 792\nB. 66\nC. 396\nD. 72\nAnswer:"," 396"],["Question: John divided his souvenir hat pins into two piles. The two piles had an equal number of pins. He gave his brother one-half of one-third of one pile. John had 66 pins left. How many pins did John originally have?\nChoices:\nA. 792\nB. 66\nC. 396\nD. 72\nAnswer:"," 72"],["Question: If 3^(x \u2013 3) + 10 = 19, then x =\nChoices:\nA. 3\nB. 4\nC. 5\nD. 6\nAnswer:"," 3"],["Question: If 3^(x \u2013 3) + 10 = 19, then x =\nChoices:\nA. 3\nB. 4\nC. 5\nD. 6\nAnswer:"," 4"],["Question: If 3^(x \u2013 3) + 10 = 19, then x =\nChoices:\nA. 3\nB. 4\nC. 5\nD. 6\nAnswer:"," 5"],["Question: If 3^(x \u2013 3) + 10 = 19, then x =\nChoices:\nA. 3\nB. 4\nC. 5\nD. 6\nAnswer:"," 6"],["Question: If f(x) = 3x, g(x) = 5x + 3, and h(x) = 1 \u2013 x^2, then f(g(h(x)))=\nChoices:\nA. 15x^2 + 15\nB. \u201315x^2 + 18\nC. \u201315x^2 + 24\nD. \u2013225x^2 + 90x \u2013 8\nAnswer:"," 15x^2 + 15"],["Question: If f(x) = 3x, g(x) = 5x + 3, and h(x) = 1 \u2013 x^2, then f(g(h(x)))=\nChoices:\nA. 15x^2 + 15\nB. \u201315x^2 + 18\nC. \u201315x^2 + 24\nD. \u2013225x^2 + 90x \u2013 8\nAnswer:"," \u201315x^2 + 18"],["Question: If f(x) = 3x, g(x) = 5x + 3, and h(x) = 1 \u2013 x^2, then f(g(h(x)))=\nChoices:\nA. 15x^2 + 15\nB. \u201315x^2 + 18\nC. \u201315x^2 + 24\nD. \u2013225x^2 + 90x \u2013 8\nAnswer:"," \u201315x^2 + 24"],["Question: If f(x) = 3x, g(x) = 5x + 3, and h(x) = 1 \u2013 x^2, then f(g(h(x)))=\nChoices:\nA. 15x^2 + 15\nB. \u201315x^2 + 18\nC. \u201315x^2 + 24\nD. \u2013225x^2 + 90x \u2013 8\nAnswer:"," \u2013225x^2 + 90x \u2013 8"],["Question: A curve is given parametrically by the equations\nChoices:\nA. \u03c0/2\nB. \u03c0\nC. 2 + \u03c0\nD. 2\u03c0\nAnswer:"," \u03c0/2"],["Question: A curve is given parametrically by the equations\nChoices:\nA. \u03c0/2\nB. \u03c0\nC. 2 + \u03c0\nD. 2\u03c0\nAnswer:"," \u03c0"],["Question: A curve is given parametrically by the equations\nChoices:\nA. \u03c0/2\nB. \u03c0\nC. 2 + \u03c0\nD. 2\u03c0\nAnswer:"," 2 + \u03c0"],["Question: A curve is given parametrically by the equations\nChoices:\nA. \u03c0/2\nB. \u03c0\nC. 2 + \u03c0\nD. 2\u03c0\nAnswer:"," 2\u03c0"],["Question: If x and y are directly proportional and x = 3 when y = 8, what is the value of x when y = 13?\nChoices:\nA. 0.615\nB. 4.875\nC. 15\nD. 34.667\nAnswer:"," 0.615"],["Question: If x and y are directly proportional and x = 3 when y = 8, what is the value of x when y = 13?\nChoices:\nA. 0.615\nB. 4.875\nC. 15\nD. 34.667\nAnswer:"," 4.875"],["Question: If x and y are directly proportional and x = 3 when y = 8, what is the value of x when y = 13?\nChoices:\nA. 0.615\nB. 4.875\nC. 15\nD. 34.667\nAnswer:"," 15"],["Question: If x and y are directly proportional and x = 3 when y = 8, what is the value of x when y = 13?\nChoices:\nA. 0.615\nB. 4.875\nC. 15\nD. 34.667\nAnswer:"," 34.667"],["Question: Juan rolls a fair regular octahedral die marked with the numbers 1 through 8. Then Amal rolls a fair six-sided die. What is the probability that the product of the two rolls is a multiple of 3?\nChoices:\nA. \\frac{1}{2}\nB. \\frac{1}{4}\nC. \\frac{1}{144}\nD. \\frac{1}{288}\nAnswer:"," \\frac{1}{2}"],["Question: Juan rolls a fair regular octahedral die marked with the numbers 1 through 8. Then Amal rolls a fair six-sided die. What is the probability that the product of the two rolls is a multiple of 3?\nChoices:\nA. \\frac{1}{2}\nB. \\frac{1}{4}\nC. \\frac{1}{144}\nD. \\frac{1}{288}\nAnswer:"," \\frac{1}{4}"],["Question: Juan rolls a fair regular octahedral die marked with the numbers 1 through 8. Then Amal rolls a fair six-sided die. What is the probability that the product of the two rolls is a multiple of 3?\nChoices:\nA. \\frac{1}{2}\nB. \\frac{1}{4}\nC. \\frac{1}{144}\nD. \\frac{1}{288}\nAnswer:"," \\frac{1}{144}"],["Question: Juan rolls a fair regular octahedral die marked with the numbers 1 through 8. Then Amal rolls a fair six-sided die. What is the probability that the product of the two rolls is a multiple of 3?\nChoices:\nA. \\frac{1}{2}\nB. \\frac{1}{4}\nC. \\frac{1}{144}\nD. \\frac{1}{288}\nAnswer:"," \\frac{1}{288}"],["Question: Grady rides his bike $60\\%$ faster than his little brother Noah. If Grady rides $12$ miles further than Noah in two hours, how fast in miles per hour does Noah ride?\nChoices:\nA. 32\nB. 20\nC. 10\nD. 7.2\nAnswer:"," 32"],["Question: Grady rides his bike $60\\%$ faster than his little brother Noah. If Grady rides $12$ miles further than Noah in two hours, how fast in miles per hour does Noah ride?\nChoices:\nA. 32\nB. 20\nC. 10\nD. 7.2\nAnswer:"," 20"],["Question: Grady rides his bike $60\\%$ faster than his little brother Noah. If Grady rides $12$ miles further than Noah in two hours, how fast in miles per hour does Noah ride?\nChoices:\nA. 32\nB. 20\nC. 10\nD. 7.2\nAnswer:"," 10"],["Question: Grady rides his bike $60\\%$ faster than his little brother Noah. If Grady rides $12$ miles further than Noah in two hours, how fast in miles per hour does Noah ride?\nChoices:\nA. 32\nB. 20\nC. 10\nD. 7.2\nAnswer:"," 7.2"],["Question: How many arithmetic sequences of consecutive odd integers sum to 240?\nChoices:\nA. 8\nB. 12\nC. 10\nD. 4\nAnswer:"," 8"],["Question: How many arithmetic sequences of consecutive odd integers sum to 240?\nChoices:\nA. 8\nB. 12\nC. 10\nD. 4\nAnswer:"," 12"],["Question: How many arithmetic sequences of consecutive odd integers sum to 240?\nChoices:\nA. 8\nB. 12\nC. 10\nD. 4\nAnswer:"," 10"],["Question: How many arithmetic sequences of consecutive odd integers sum to 240?\nChoices:\nA. 8\nB. 12\nC. 10\nD. 4\nAnswer:"," 4"],["Question: Suppose 5 different integers are randomly chosen from between 20 and 69, inclusive. What is the probability that they each have a different tens digit?\nChoices:\nA. \\frac{1}{4}\nB. \\frac{1}{3}\nC. \\frac{1000}{52969}\nD. \\frac{2500}{52969}\nAnswer:"," \\frac{1}{4}"],["Question: Suppose 5 different integers are randomly chosen from between 20 and 69, inclusive. What is the probability that they each have a different tens digit?\nChoices:\nA. \\frac{1}{4}\nB. \\frac{1}{3}\nC. \\frac{1000}{52969}\nD. \\frac{2500}{52969}\nAnswer:"," \\frac{1}{3}"],["Question: Suppose 5 different integers are randomly chosen from between 20 and 69, inclusive. What is the probability that they each have a different tens digit?\nChoices:\nA. \\frac{1}{4}\nB. \\frac{1}{3}\nC. \\frac{1000}{52969}\nD. \\frac{2500}{52969}\nAnswer:"," \\frac{1000}{52969}"],["Question: Suppose 5 different integers are randomly chosen from between 20 and 69, inclusive. What is the probability that they each have a different tens digit?\nChoices:\nA. \\frac{1}{4}\nB. \\frac{1}{3}\nC. \\frac{1000}{52969}\nD. \\frac{2500}{52969}\nAnswer:"," \\frac{2500}{52969}"]]
[["Question: Which of the following is the best example of a public good?\nChoices:\nA. Private violin lessons\nB. The volunteer fire department in your community\nC. A $1 ticket for admission to a museum\nD. A bag of potato chips\nAnswer:"," Private violin lessons"],["Question: Which of the following is the best example of a public good?\nChoices:\nA. Private violin lessons\nB. The volunteer fire department in your community\nC. A $1 ticket for admission to a museum\nD. A bag of potato chips\nAnswer:"," The volunteer fire department in your community"],["Question: Which of the following is the best example of a public good?\nChoices:\nA. Private violin lessons\nB. The volunteer fire department in your community\nC. A $1 ticket for admission to a museum\nD. A bag of potato chips\nAnswer:"," A $1 ticket for admission to a museum"],["Question: Which of the following is the best example of a public good?\nChoices:\nA. Private violin lessons\nB. The volunteer fire department in your community\nC. A $1 ticket for admission to a museum\nD. A bag of potato chips\nAnswer:"," A bag of potato chips"],["Question: Firms with the following market structure(s) maximize profits by producing where marginal cost equals marginal revenue, if at all. I. Perfect competition II. Oligopoly III. Monopoly IV. Monopolistic competition\nChoices:\nA. I only\nB. I and II only\nC. I and III only\nD. I, II, III, and IV\nAnswer:"," I only"],["Question: Firms with the following market structure(s) maximize profits by producing where marginal cost equals marginal revenue, if at all. I. Perfect competition II. Oligopoly III. Monopoly IV. Monopolistic competition\nChoices:\nA. I only\nB. I and II only\nC. I and III only\nD. I, II, III, and IV\nAnswer:"," I and II only"],["Question: Firms with the following market structure(s) maximize profits by producing where marginal cost equals marginal revenue, if at all. I. Perfect competition II. Oligopoly III. Monopoly IV. Monopolistic competition\nChoices:\nA. I only\nB. I and II only\nC. I and III only\nD. I, II, III, and IV\nAnswer:"," I and III only"],["Question: Firms with the following market structure(s) maximize profits by producing where marginal cost equals marginal revenue, if at all. I. Perfect competition II. Oligopoly III. Monopoly IV. Monopolistic competition\nChoices:\nA. I only\nB. I and II only\nC. I and III only\nD. I, II, III, and IV\nAnswer:"," I, II, III, and IV"],["Question: The industry that makes plastic army figures uses a small fraction of the plastic demanded for all purposes. On this basis, we can conclude that the army-figures industry is most likely a(n)\nChoices:\nA. increasing-cost industry\nB. constant-cost industry\nC. decreasing-cost industry\nD. profit-making industry\nAnswer:"," increasing-cost industry"],["Question: The industry that makes plastic army figures uses a small fraction of the plastic demanded for all purposes. On this basis, we can conclude that the army-figures industry is most likely a(n)\nChoices:\nA. increasing-cost industry\nB. constant-cost industry\nC. decreasing-cost industry\nD. profit-making industry\nAnswer:"," constant-cost industry"],["Question: The industry that makes plastic army figures uses a small fraction of the plastic demanded for all purposes. On this basis, we can conclude that the army-figures industry is most likely a(n)\nChoices:\nA. increasing-cost industry\nB. constant-cost industry\nC. decreasing-cost industry\nD. profit-making industry\nAnswer:"," decreasing-cost industry"],["Question: The industry that makes plastic army figures uses a small fraction of the plastic demanded for all purposes. On this basis, we can conclude that the army-figures industry is most likely a(n)\nChoices:\nA. increasing-cost industry\nB. constant-cost industry\nC. decreasing-cost industry\nD. profit-making industry\nAnswer:"," profit-making industry"],["Question: If the government subsidizes the production of halogen headlights,\nChoices:\nA. the demand curve will shift to the left.\nB. the demand curve will shift to the right.\nC. the supply curve will shift to the left.\nD. the supply curve will shift to the right.\nAnswer:"," the demand curve will shift to the left."],["Question: If the government subsidizes the production of halogen headlights,\nChoices:\nA. the demand curve will shift to the left.\nB. the demand curve will shift to the right.\nC. the supply curve will shift to the left.\nD. the supply curve will shift to the right.\nAnswer:"," the demand curve will shift to the right."],["Question: If the government subsidizes the production of halogen headlights,\nChoices:\nA. the demand curve will shift to the left.\nB. the demand curve will shift to the right.\nC. the supply curve will shift to the left.\nD. the supply curve will shift to the right.\nAnswer:"," the supply curve will shift to the left."],["Question: If the government subsidizes the production of halogen headlights,\nChoices:\nA. the demand curve will shift to the left.\nB. the demand curve will shift to the right.\nC. the supply curve will shift to the left.\nD. the supply curve will shift to the right.\nAnswer:"," the supply curve will shift to the right."],["Question: Production possibilities frontiers are concave to the origin because\nChoices:\nA. of inefficiencies in the economy.\nB. of opportunity cost.\nC. of the law of increasing costs.\nD. of constant opportunity costs.\nAnswer:"," of inefficiencies in the economy."],["Question: Production possibilities frontiers are concave to the origin because\nChoices:\nA. of inefficiencies in the economy.\nB. of opportunity cost.\nC. of the law of increasing costs.\nD. of constant opportunity costs.\nAnswer:"," of opportunity cost."],["Question: Production possibilities frontiers are concave to the origin because\nChoices:\nA. of inefficiencies in the economy.\nB. of opportunity cost.\nC. of the law of increasing costs.\nD. of constant opportunity costs.\nAnswer:"," of the law of increasing costs."],["Question: Production possibilities frontiers are concave to the origin because\nChoices:\nA. of inefficiencies in the economy.\nB. of opportunity cost.\nC. of the law of increasing costs.\nD. of constant opportunity costs.\nAnswer:"," of constant opportunity costs."],["Question: A competitive market for coffee, a normal good, is currently in equilibrium. Which of the following would most likely result in an increase in the demand for coffee?\nChoices:\nA. Consumer income falls.\nB. The price of tea rises.\nC. The wage of coffee plantation workers falls.\nD. Technology in the harvesting of coffee beans improves.\nAnswer:"," Consumer income falls."],["Question: A competitive market for coffee, a normal good, is currently in equilibrium. Which of the following would most likely result in an increase in the demand for coffee?\nChoices:\nA. Consumer income falls.\nB. The price of tea rises.\nC. The wage of coffee plantation workers falls.\nD. Technology in the harvesting of coffee beans improves.\nAnswer:"," The price of tea rises."],["Question: A competitive market for coffee, a normal good, is currently in equilibrium. Which of the following would most likely result in an increase in the demand for coffee?\nChoices:\nA. Consumer income falls.\nB. The price of tea rises.\nC. The wage of coffee plantation workers falls.\nD. Technology in the harvesting of coffee beans improves.\nAnswer:"," The wage of coffee plantation workers falls."],["Question: A competitive market for coffee, a normal good, is currently in equilibrium. Which of the following would most likely result in an increase in the demand for coffee?\nChoices:\nA. Consumer income falls.\nB. The price of tea rises.\nC. The wage of coffee plantation workers falls.\nD. Technology in the harvesting of coffee beans improves.\nAnswer:"," Technology in the harvesting of coffee beans improves."],["Question: Macroeconomics focuses on\nChoices:\nA. government and its laws that affect commerce.\nB. individuals and their resource use.\nC. corporations and their production levels.\nD. the resource use of the entire nation.\nAnswer:"," government and its laws that affect commerce."],["Question: Macroeconomics focuses on\nChoices:\nA. government and its laws that affect commerce.\nB. individuals and their resource use.\nC. corporations and their production levels.\nD. the resource use of the entire nation.\nAnswer:"," individuals and their resource use."],["Question: Macroeconomics focuses on\nChoices:\nA. government and its laws that affect commerce.\nB. individuals and their resource use.\nC. corporations and their production levels.\nD. the resource use of the entire nation.\nAnswer:"," corporations and their production levels."],["Question: Macroeconomics focuses on\nChoices:\nA. government and its laws that affect commerce.\nB. individuals and their resource use.\nC. corporations and their production levels.\nD. the resource use of the entire nation.\nAnswer:"," the resource use of the entire nation."],["Question: If the government wishes to regulate a natural monopoly so that it produces an allocatively efficient level of output, it would be at an output\nChoices:\nA. where price is equal to average total cost.\nB. where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.\nC. where normal profits are made.\nD. where price is equal to marginal cost.\nAnswer:"," where price is equal to average total cost."],["Question: If the government wishes to regulate a natural monopoly so that it produces an allocatively efficient level of output, it would be at an output\nChoices:\nA. where price is equal to average total cost.\nB. where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.\nC. where normal profits are made.\nD. where price is equal to marginal cost.\nAnswer:"," where marginal revenue equals marginal cost."],["Question: If the government wishes to regulate a natural monopoly so that it produces an allocatively efficient level of output, it would be at an output\nChoices:\nA. where price is equal to average total cost.\nB. where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.\nC. where normal profits are made.\nD. where price is equal to marginal cost.\nAnswer:"," where normal profits are made."],["Question: If the government wishes to regulate a natural monopoly so that it produces an allocatively efficient level of output, it would be at an output\nChoices:\nA. where price is equal to average total cost.\nB. where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.\nC. where normal profits are made.\nD. where price is equal to marginal cost.\nAnswer:"," where price is equal to marginal cost."],["Question: Which of the following is likely to have a demand curve that is the least elastic?\nChoices:\nA. Demand for the perfectly competitive firm's output\nB. Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a homogenous product\nC. Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a differentiated product\nD. Demand for the monopoly firm's output\nAnswer:"," Demand for the perfectly competitive firm's output"],["Question: Which of the following is likely to have a demand curve that is the least elastic?\nChoices:\nA. Demand for the perfectly competitive firm's output\nB. Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a homogenous product\nC. Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a differentiated product\nD. Demand for the monopoly firm's output\nAnswer:"," Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a homogenous product"],["Question: Which of the following is likely to have a demand curve that is the least elastic?\nChoices:\nA. Demand for the perfectly competitive firm's output\nB. Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a homogenous product\nC. Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a differentiated product\nD. Demand for the monopoly firm's output\nAnswer:"," Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a differentiated product"],["Question: Which of the following is likely to have a demand curve that is the least elastic?\nChoices:\nA. Demand for the perfectly competitive firm's output\nB. Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a homogenous product\nC. Demand for the oligopoly firm's output with a differentiated product\nD. Demand for the monopoly firm's output\nAnswer:"," Demand for the monopoly firm's output"],["Question: Firms maximize their profits by producing a level of output at which\nChoices:\nA. MC = AFC.\nB. MC = MR.\nC. P = ATC.\nD. MR= AVC.\nAnswer:"," MC = AFC."],["Question: Firms maximize their profits by producing a level of output at which\nChoices:\nA. MC = AFC.\nB. MC = MR.\nC. P = ATC.\nD. MR= AVC.\nAnswer:"," MC = MR."],["Question: Firms maximize their profits by producing a level of output at which\nChoices:\nA. MC = AFC.\nB. MC = MR.\nC. P = ATC.\nD. MR= AVC.\nAnswer:"," P = ATC."],["Question: Firms maximize their profits by producing a level of output at which\nChoices:\nA. MC = AFC.\nB. MC = MR.\nC. P = ATC.\nD. MR= AVC.\nAnswer:"," MR= AVC."]]
[["Question: The charge on an oil drop is measured in the laboratory. Which of the following measurements should be rejected as highly unlikely to be correct?\nChoices:\nA. 6.4 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nB. 8.0 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nC. 4.8 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nD. 2.4 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nAnswer:"," 6.4 \u00d7 10^-19 C"],["Question: The charge on an oil drop is measured in the laboratory. Which of the following measurements should be rejected as highly unlikely to be correct?\nChoices:\nA. 6.4 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nB. 8.0 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nC. 4.8 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nD. 2.4 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nAnswer:"," 8.0 \u00d7 10^-19 C"],["Question: The charge on an oil drop is measured in the laboratory. Which of the following measurements should be rejected as highly unlikely to be correct?\nChoices:\nA. 6.4 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nB. 8.0 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nC. 4.8 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nD. 2.4 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nAnswer:"," 4.8 \u00d7 10^-19 C"],["Question: The charge on an oil drop is measured in the laboratory. Which of the following measurements should be rejected as highly unlikely to be correct?\nChoices:\nA. 6.4 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nB. 8.0 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nC. 4.8 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nD. 2.4 \u00d7 10^-19 C\nAnswer:"," 2.4 \u00d7 10^-19 C"],["Question: What happens to the pressure, P, of an ideal gas if the temperature is increased by a factor of 2 and the volume is increased by a factor of 8 ?\nChoices:\nA. P decreases by a factor of 16.\nB. P decreases by a factor of 4.\nC. P decreases by a factor of 2.\nD. P increases by a factor of 4.\nAnswer:"," P decreases by a factor of 16."],["Question: What happens to the pressure, P, of an ideal gas if the temperature is increased by a factor of 2 and the volume is increased by a factor of 8 ?\nChoices:\nA. P decreases by a factor of 16.\nB. P decreases by a factor of 4.\nC. P decreases by a factor of 2.\nD. P increases by a factor of 4.\nAnswer:"," P decreases by a factor of 4."],["Question: What happens to the pressure, P, of an ideal gas if the temperature is increased by a factor of 2 and the volume is increased by a factor of 8 ?\nChoices:\nA. P decreases by a factor of 16.\nB. P decreases by a factor of 4.\nC. P decreases by a factor of 2.\nD. P increases by a factor of 4.\nAnswer:"," P decreases by a factor of 2."],["Question: What happens to the pressure, P, of an ideal gas if the temperature is increased by a factor of 2 and the volume is increased by a factor of 8 ?\nChoices:\nA. P decreases by a factor of 16.\nB. P decreases by a factor of 4.\nC. P decreases by a factor of 2.\nD. P increases by a factor of 4.\nAnswer:"," P increases by a factor of 4."],["Question: Which configuration of battery and resistors will create a circuit with the greatest current?\nChoices:\nA. A high voltage battery with resistors arranged in series\nB. A high voltage battery with resistors arranged in parallel\nC. A low voltage battery with resistors arranged in series\nD. A low voltage battery with resistors arranged in parallel\nAnswer:"," A high voltage battery with resistors arranged in series"],["Question: Which configuration of battery and resistors will create a circuit with the greatest current?\nChoices:\nA. A high voltage battery with resistors arranged in series\nB. A high voltage battery with resistors arranged in parallel\nC. A low voltage battery with resistors arranged in series\nD. A low voltage battery with resistors arranged in parallel\nAnswer:"," A high voltage battery with resistors arranged in parallel"],["Question: Which configuration of battery and resistors will create a circuit with the greatest current?\nChoices:\nA. A high voltage battery with resistors arranged in series\nB. A high voltage battery with resistors arranged in parallel\nC. A low voltage battery with resistors arranged in series\nD. A low voltage battery with resistors arranged in parallel\nAnswer:"," A low voltage battery with resistors arranged in series"],["Question: Which configuration of battery and resistors will create a circuit with the greatest current?\nChoices:\nA. A high voltage battery with resistors arranged in series\nB. A high voltage battery with resistors arranged in parallel\nC. A low voltage battery with resistors arranged in series\nD. A low voltage battery with resistors arranged in parallel\nAnswer:"," A low voltage battery with resistors arranged in parallel"],["Question: An object is released from rest and falls a distance h during the first second of time. How far will it fall during the next second of time?\nChoices:\nA. h\nB. 2h\nC. 3h\nD. 4h\nAnswer:"," h"],["Question: An object is released from rest and falls a distance h during the first second of time. How far will it fall during the next second of time?\nChoices:\nA. h\nB. 2h\nC. 3h\nD. 4h\nAnswer:"," 2h"],["Question: An object is released from rest and falls a distance h during the first second of time. How far will it fall during the next second of time?\nChoices:\nA. h\nB. 2h\nC. 3h\nD. 4h\nAnswer:"," 3h"],["Question: An object is released from rest and falls a distance h during the first second of time. How far will it fall during the next second of time?\nChoices:\nA. h\nB. 2h\nC. 3h\nD. 4h\nAnswer:"," 4h"],["Question: Which of the following changes to a circuit will always bring about an increase in the current?\nChoices:\nA. Increased voltage and increased resistance\nB. Decreased voltage and decreased resistance\nC. Increased voltage and decreased resistance\nD. Decreased voltage and increased resistance\nAnswer:"," Increased voltage and increased resistance"],["Question: Which of the following changes to a circuit will always bring about an increase in the current?\nChoices:\nA. Increased voltage and increased resistance\nB. Decreased voltage and decreased resistance\nC. Increased voltage and decreased resistance\nD. Decreased voltage and increased resistance\nAnswer:"," Decreased voltage and decreased resistance"],["Question: Which of the following changes to a circuit will always bring about an increase in the current?\nChoices:\nA. Increased voltage and increased resistance\nB. Decreased voltage and decreased resistance\nC. Increased voltage and decreased resistance\nD. Decreased voltage and increased resistance\nAnswer:"," Increased voltage and decreased resistance"],["Question: Which of the following changes to a circuit will always bring about an increase in the current?\nChoices:\nA. Increased voltage and increased resistance\nB. Decreased voltage and decreased resistance\nC. Increased voltage and decreased resistance\nD. Decreased voltage and increased resistance\nAnswer:"," Decreased voltage and increased resistance"],["Question: During an isothermal expansion, a confined ideal gas does 150 J of work against its surroundings. Which of the following describes the heat transfer during this process?\nChoices:\nA. 150 J of heat was added to the gas.\nB. 150 J of heat was removed from the gas.\nC. 300 J of heat was added to the gas.\nD. 300 J of heat was removed from the gas.\nAnswer:"," 150 J of heat was added to the gas."],["Question: During an isothermal expansion, a confined ideal gas does 150 J of work against its surroundings. Which of the following describes the heat transfer during this process?\nChoices:\nA. 150 J of heat was added to the gas.\nB. 150 J of heat was removed from the gas.\nC. 300 J of heat was added to the gas.\nD. 300 J of heat was removed from the gas.\nAnswer:"," 150 J of heat was removed from the gas."],["Question: During an isothermal expansion, a confined ideal gas does 150 J of work against its surroundings. Which of the following describes the heat transfer during this process?\nChoices:\nA. 150 J of heat was added to the gas.\nB. 150 J of heat was removed from the gas.\nC. 300 J of heat was added to the gas.\nD. 300 J of heat was removed from the gas.\nAnswer:"," 300 J of heat was added to the gas."],["Question: During an isothermal expansion, a confined ideal gas does 150 J of work against its surroundings. Which of the following describes the heat transfer during this process?\nChoices:\nA. 150 J of heat was added to the gas.\nB. 150 J of heat was removed from the gas.\nC. 300 J of heat was added to the gas.\nD. 300 J of heat was removed from the gas.\nAnswer:"," 300 J of heat was removed from the gas."],["Question: A horse is attached to a cart that is at rest behind it. Which force, or combination of forces, explains how the horse-cart system can accelerate from rest?\nChoices:\nA. The forward static friction force of the ground on the horse is greater than any friction forces acting backward on the cart, providing a forward acceleration.\nB. The forward force of the horse on the cart is greater than the backward force of the cart on the horse, providing a forward acceleration.\nC. The force of the horse\u2019s muscles on the rest of the horse-cart system provides the necessary acceleration.\nD. The upward normal force of the ground on the horse is greater than the horse\u2019s weight, providing an upward acceleration.\nAnswer:"," The forward static friction force of the ground on the horse is greater than any friction forces acting backward on the cart, providing a forward acceleration."],["Question: A horse is attached to a cart that is at rest behind it. Which force, or combination of forces, explains how the horse-cart system can accelerate from rest?\nChoices:\nA. The forward static friction force of the ground on the horse is greater than any friction forces acting backward on the cart, providing a forward acceleration.\nB. The forward force of the horse on the cart is greater than the backward force of the cart on the horse, providing a forward acceleration.\nC. The force of the horse\u2019s muscles on the rest of the horse-cart system provides the necessary acceleration.\nD. The upward normal force of the ground on the horse is greater than the horse\u2019s weight, providing an upward acceleration.\nAnswer:"," The forward force of the horse on the cart is greater than the backward force of the cart on the horse, providing a forward acceleration."],["Question: A horse is attached to a cart that is at rest behind it. Which force, or combination of forces, explains how the horse-cart system can accelerate from rest?\nChoices:\nA. The forward static friction force of the ground on the horse is greater than any friction forces acting backward on the cart, providing a forward acceleration.\nB. The forward force of the horse on the cart is greater than the backward force of the cart on the horse, providing a forward acceleration.\nC. The force of the horse\u2019s muscles on the rest of the horse-cart system provides the necessary acceleration.\nD. The upward normal force of the ground on the horse is greater than the horse\u2019s weight, providing an upward acceleration.\nAnswer:"," The force of the horse\u2019s muscles on the rest of the horse-cart system provides the necessary acceleration."],["Question: A horse is attached to a cart that is at rest behind it. Which force, or combination of forces, explains how the horse-cart system can accelerate from rest?\nChoices:\nA. The forward static friction force of the ground on the horse is greater than any friction forces acting backward on the cart, providing a forward acceleration.\nB. The forward force of the horse on the cart is greater than the backward force of the cart on the horse, providing a forward acceleration.\nC. The force of the horse\u2019s muscles on the rest of the horse-cart system provides the necessary acceleration.\nD. The upward normal force of the ground on the horse is greater than the horse\u2019s weight, providing an upward acceleration.\nAnswer:"," The upward normal force of the ground on the horse is greater than the horse\u2019s weight, providing an upward acceleration."],["Question: A small cart of mass m is initially at rest. It collides elastically with a large cart of mass 4m and velocity v. The large cart loses half its kinetic energy to the little cart. The little cart now has a velocity of\nChoices:\nA. 1.41v\nB. v\nC. 2v\nD. 4v\nAnswer:"," 1.41v"],["Question: A small cart of mass m is initially at rest. It collides elastically with a large cart of mass 4m and velocity v. The large cart loses half its kinetic energy to the little cart. The little cart now has a velocity of\nChoices:\nA. 1.41v\nB. v\nC. 2v\nD. 4v\nAnswer:"," v"],["Question: A small cart of mass m is initially at rest. It collides elastically with a large cart of mass 4m and velocity v. The large cart loses half its kinetic energy to the little cart. The little cart now has a velocity of\nChoices:\nA. 1.41v\nB. v\nC. 2v\nD. 4v\nAnswer:"," 2v"],["Question: A small cart of mass m is initially at rest. It collides elastically with a large cart of mass 4m and velocity v. The large cart loses half its kinetic energy to the little cart. The little cart now has a velocity of\nChoices:\nA. 1.41v\nB. v\nC. 2v\nD. 4v\nAnswer:"," 4v"],["Question: A confined ideal gas undergoes a cyclical process in three steps\u2014an isobaric step, followed by an isochoric step, followed by an isothermal step. Which of the following must be true?\nChoices:\nA. The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the isobaric step.\nB. The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the isobaric step minus the work done during the isothermal step.\nC. The total work done during the cycle is positive.\nD. The total work done during the cycle is equal but opposite to the net amount of heat transferred.\nAnswer:"," The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the isobaric step."],["Question: A confined ideal gas undergoes a cyclical process in three steps\u2014an isobaric step, followed by an isochoric step, followed by an isothermal step. Which of the following must be true?\nChoices:\nA. The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the isobaric step.\nB. The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the isobaric step minus the work done during the isothermal step.\nC. The total work done during the cycle is positive.\nD. The total work done during the cycle is equal but opposite to the net amount of heat transferred.\nAnswer:"," The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the isobaric step minus the work done during the isothermal step."],["Question: A confined ideal gas undergoes a cyclical process in three steps\u2014an isobaric step, followed by an isochoric step, followed by an isothermal step. Which of the following must be true?\nChoices:\nA. The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the isobaric step.\nB. The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the isobaric step minus the work done during the isothermal step.\nC. The total work done during the cycle is positive.\nD. The total work done during the cycle is equal but opposite to the net amount of heat transferred.\nAnswer:"," The total work done during the cycle is positive."],["Question: A confined ideal gas undergoes a cyclical process in three steps\u2014an isobaric step, followed by an isochoric step, followed by an isothermal step. Which of the following must be true?\nChoices:\nA. The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the isobaric step.\nB. The change in internal energy of the gas is equal to the work done during the isobaric step minus the work done during the isothermal step.\nC. The total work done during the cycle is positive.\nD. The total work done during the cycle is equal but opposite to the net amount of heat transferred.\nAnswer:"," The total work done during the cycle is equal but opposite to the net amount of heat transferred."],["Question: Which of the following changes to a double-slit interference experiment would increase the widths of the fringes in the interference pattern that appears on the screen?\nChoices:\nA. Use light of a shorter wavelength.\nB. Move the screen closer to the slits.\nC. Move the slits closer together.\nD. Use light with a lower wave speed.\nAnswer:"," Use light of a shorter wavelength."],["Question: Which of the following changes to a double-slit interference experiment would increase the widths of the fringes in the interference pattern that appears on the screen?\nChoices:\nA. Use light of a shorter wavelength.\nB. Move the screen closer to the slits.\nC. Move the slits closer together.\nD. Use light with a lower wave speed.\nAnswer:"," Move the screen closer to the slits."],["Question: Which of the following changes to a double-slit interference experiment would increase the widths of the fringes in the interference pattern that appears on the screen?\nChoices:\nA. Use light of a shorter wavelength.\nB. Move the screen closer to the slits.\nC. Move the slits closer together.\nD. Use light with a lower wave speed.\nAnswer:"," Move the slits closer together."],["Question: Which of the following changes to a double-slit interference experiment would increase the widths of the fringes in the interference pattern that appears on the screen?\nChoices:\nA. Use light of a shorter wavelength.\nB. Move the screen closer to the slits.\nC. Move the slits closer together.\nD. Use light with a lower wave speed.\nAnswer:"," Use light with a lower wave speed."]]
[["Question: The case study of Phineas Gage's brain injury was significant for which of the following reasons?\nChoices:\nA. Gage's accident was one of the first to be treated with drugs that alter the neurotransmitters in the brain.\nB. It was one of the first well-documented examples of a specific brain area being associated with a set of physical and emotional changes.\nC. This accident provided psychiatrists with one of the first opportunities to treat a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapeutic techniques.\nD. The CAT scan was used for the first time in the Phineas Gage case to document the extent of brain injury.\nAnswer:"," Gage's accident was one of the first to be treated with drugs that alter the neurotransmitters in the brain."],["Question: The case study of Phineas Gage's brain injury was significant for which of the following reasons?\nChoices:\nA. Gage's accident was one of the first to be treated with drugs that alter the neurotransmitters in the brain.\nB. It was one of the first well-documented examples of a specific brain area being associated with a set of physical and emotional changes.\nC. This accident provided psychiatrists with one of the first opportunities to treat a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapeutic techniques.\nD. The CAT scan was used for the first time in the Phineas Gage case to document the extent of brain injury.\nAnswer:"," It was one of the first well-documented examples of a specific brain area being associated with a set of physical and emotional changes."],["Question: The case study of Phineas Gage's brain injury was significant for which of the following reasons?\nChoices:\nA. Gage's accident was one of the first to be treated with drugs that alter the neurotransmitters in the brain.\nB. It was one of the first well-documented examples of a specific brain area being associated with a set of physical and emotional changes.\nC. This accident provided psychiatrists with one of the first opportunities to treat a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapeutic techniques.\nD. The CAT scan was used for the first time in the Phineas Gage case to document the extent of brain injury.\nAnswer:"," This accident provided psychiatrists with one of the first opportunities to treat a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapeutic techniques."],["Question: The case study of Phineas Gage's brain injury was significant for which of the following reasons?\nChoices:\nA. Gage's accident was one of the first to be treated with drugs that alter the neurotransmitters in the brain.\nB. It was one of the first well-documented examples of a specific brain area being associated with a set of physical and emotional changes.\nC. This accident provided psychiatrists with one of the first opportunities to treat a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapeutic techniques.\nD. The CAT scan was used for the first time in the Phineas Gage case to document the extent of brain injury.\nAnswer:"," The CAT scan was used for the first time in the Phineas Gage case to document the extent of brain injury."],["Question: Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by the\nChoices:\nA. somatosensory cortex\nB. hypothalamus\nC. medulla oblongata\nD. occipital lobes\nAnswer:"," somatosensory cortex"],["Question: Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by the\nChoices:\nA. somatosensory cortex\nB. hypothalamus\nC. medulla oblongata\nD. occipital lobes\nAnswer:"," hypothalamus"],["Question: Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by the\nChoices:\nA. somatosensory cortex\nB. hypothalamus\nC. medulla oblongata\nD. occipital lobes\nAnswer:"," medulla oblongata"],["Question: Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by the\nChoices:\nA. somatosensory cortex\nB. hypothalamus\nC. medulla oblongata\nD. occipital lobes\nAnswer:"," occipital lobes"],["Question: Two \"cognitive shortcuts\" that can lead to errors in information processing are\nChoices:\nA. the representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristic\nB. inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning\nC. morphemic processing and phonemic processing\nD. prototypic development and fuzzy concept development\nAnswer:"," the representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristic"],["Question: Two \"cognitive shortcuts\" that can lead to errors in information processing are\nChoices:\nA. the representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristic\nB. inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning\nC. morphemic processing and phonemic processing\nD. prototypic development and fuzzy concept development\nAnswer:"," inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning"],["Question: Two \"cognitive shortcuts\" that can lead to errors in information processing are\nChoices:\nA. the representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristic\nB. inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning\nC. morphemic processing and phonemic processing\nD. prototypic development and fuzzy concept development\nAnswer:"," morphemic processing and phonemic processing"],["Question: Two \"cognitive shortcuts\" that can lead to errors in information processing are\nChoices:\nA. the representativeness heuristic and the availability heuristic\nB. inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning\nC. morphemic processing and phonemic processing\nD. prototypic development and fuzzy concept development\nAnswer:"," prototypic development and fuzzy concept development"],["Question: Which of the following perspectives is most concerned with self-esteem and actualizing one's potential?\nChoices:\nA. humanistic\nB. behavioral\nC. cognitive\nD. psychodynamic\nAnswer:"," humanistic"],["Question: Which of the following perspectives is most concerned with self-esteem and actualizing one's potential?\nChoices:\nA. humanistic\nB. behavioral\nC. cognitive\nD. psychodynamic\nAnswer:"," behavioral"],["Question: Which of the following perspectives is most concerned with self-esteem and actualizing one's potential?\nChoices:\nA. humanistic\nB. behavioral\nC. cognitive\nD. psychodynamic\nAnswer:"," cognitive"],["Question: Which of the following perspectives is most concerned with self-esteem and actualizing one's potential?\nChoices:\nA. humanistic\nB. behavioral\nC. cognitive\nD. psychodynamic\nAnswer:"," psychodynamic"],["Question: Joey, a 25-year-old convict, has a history of conduct disorder in elementary school and bullying in junior high. By high school, he was mugging peers and taking whatever he wanted from elderly shoppers without caring if he hurt anyone. Joey would most likely be diagnosed with\nChoices:\nA. antisocial personality disorder\nB. dissociative identity disorder\nC. paranoid schizophrenia\nD. somatoform disorder\nAnswer:"," antisocial personality disorder"],["Question: Joey, a 25-year-old convict, has a history of conduct disorder in elementary school and bullying in junior high. By high school, he was mugging peers and taking whatever he wanted from elderly shoppers without caring if he hurt anyone. Joey would most likely be diagnosed with\nChoices:\nA. antisocial personality disorder\nB. dissociative identity disorder\nC. paranoid schizophrenia\nD. somatoform disorder\nAnswer:"," dissociative identity disorder"],["Question: Joey, a 25-year-old convict, has a history of conduct disorder in elementary school and bullying in junior high. By high school, he was mugging peers and taking whatever he wanted from elderly shoppers without caring if he hurt anyone. Joey would most likely be diagnosed with\nChoices:\nA. antisocial personality disorder\nB. dissociative identity disorder\nC. paranoid schizophrenia\nD. somatoform disorder\nAnswer:"," paranoid schizophrenia"],["Question: Joey, a 25-year-old convict, has a history of conduct disorder in elementary school and bullying in junior high. By high school, he was mugging peers and taking whatever he wanted from elderly shoppers without caring if he hurt anyone. Joey would most likely be diagnosed with\nChoices:\nA. antisocial personality disorder\nB. dissociative identity disorder\nC. paranoid schizophrenia\nD. somatoform disorder\nAnswer:"," somatoform disorder"],["Question: Loss of the ability to understand language results from loss of tissue in which of the following lobes?\nChoices:\nA. right frontal\nB. right temporal\nC. right parietal\nD. left temporal\nAnswer:"," right frontal"],["Question: Loss of the ability to understand language results from loss of tissue in which of the following lobes?\nChoices:\nA. right frontal\nB. right temporal\nC. right parietal\nD. left temporal\nAnswer:"," right temporal"],["Question: Loss of the ability to understand language results from loss of tissue in which of the following lobes?\nChoices:\nA. right frontal\nB. right temporal\nC. right parietal\nD. left temporal\nAnswer:"," right parietal"],["Question: Loss of the ability to understand language results from loss of tissue in which of the following lobes?\nChoices:\nA. right frontal\nB. right temporal\nC. right parietal\nD. left temporal\nAnswer:"," left temporal"],["Question: The pastry chef ordinarily makes 15 apple turnovers in 15 minutes, but when culinary arts students are watching him, he makes 20 apple turnovers in 15 minutes. This exemplifies\nChoices:\nA. foot-in-the-door phenomenon\nB. social loafing\nC. social facilitation\nD. the bystander effect\nAnswer:"," foot-in-the-door phenomenon"],["Question: The pastry chef ordinarily makes 15 apple turnovers in 15 minutes, but when culinary arts students are watching him, he makes 20 apple turnovers in 15 minutes. This exemplifies\nChoices:\nA. foot-in-the-door phenomenon\nB. social loafing\nC. social facilitation\nD. the bystander effect\nAnswer:"," social loafing"],["Question: The pastry chef ordinarily makes 15 apple turnovers in 15 minutes, but when culinary arts students are watching him, he makes 20 apple turnovers in 15 minutes. This exemplifies\nChoices:\nA. foot-in-the-door phenomenon\nB. social loafing\nC. social facilitation\nD. the bystander effect\nAnswer:"," social facilitation"],["Question: The pastry chef ordinarily makes 15 apple turnovers in 15 minutes, but when culinary arts students are watching him, he makes 20 apple turnovers in 15 minutes. This exemplifies\nChoices:\nA. foot-in-the-door phenomenon\nB. social loafing\nC. social facilitation\nD. the bystander effect\nAnswer:"," the bystander effect"],["Question: The decision in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974, 1976) established which of the following principles regarding confidentiality in counseling relationships?\nChoices:\nA. Duty to warn and protect\nB. Responsibility to maintain privacy\nC. Need to obtain informed consent\nD. Need to maintain accurate records\nAnswer:"," Duty to warn and protect"],["Question: The decision in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974, 1976) established which of the following principles regarding confidentiality in counseling relationships?\nChoices:\nA. Duty to warn and protect\nB. Responsibility to maintain privacy\nC. Need to obtain informed consent\nD. Need to maintain accurate records\nAnswer:"," Responsibility to maintain privacy"],["Question: The decision in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974, 1976) established which of the following principles regarding confidentiality in counseling relationships?\nChoices:\nA. Duty to warn and protect\nB. Responsibility to maintain privacy\nC. Need to obtain informed consent\nD. Need to maintain accurate records\nAnswer:"," Need to obtain informed consent"],["Question: The decision in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974, 1976) established which of the following principles regarding confidentiality in counseling relationships?\nChoices:\nA. Duty to warn and protect\nB. Responsibility to maintain privacy\nC. Need to obtain informed consent\nD. Need to maintain accurate records\nAnswer:"," Need to maintain accurate records"],["Question: The role of the outer ear is to\nChoices:\nA. transduce sound waves to stimulate the ossicles\nB. conduct sound by exciting the cilia in the inner ear\nC. protect the eardrum while it transduces sound\nD. collect and focus sounds from the air\nAnswer:"," transduce sound waves to stimulate the ossicles"],["Question: The role of the outer ear is to\nChoices:\nA. transduce sound waves to stimulate the ossicles\nB. conduct sound by exciting the cilia in the inner ear\nC. protect the eardrum while it transduces sound\nD. collect and focus sounds from the air\nAnswer:"," conduct sound by exciting the cilia in the inner ear"],["Question: The role of the outer ear is to\nChoices:\nA. transduce sound waves to stimulate the ossicles\nB. conduct sound by exciting the cilia in the inner ear\nC. protect the eardrum while it transduces sound\nD. collect and focus sounds from the air\nAnswer:"," protect the eardrum while it transduces sound"],["Question: The role of the outer ear is to\nChoices:\nA. transduce sound waves to stimulate the ossicles\nB. conduct sound by exciting the cilia in the inner ear\nC. protect the eardrum while it transduces sound\nD. collect and focus sounds from the air\nAnswer:"," collect and focus sounds from the air"],["Question: According to cognitive theorist Jean Piaget, children in which of the following stages of cognitive development are egocentric, or unable to understand another person's perspective?\nChoices:\nA. Sensorimotor\nB. Preoperational\nC. Concrete operational\nD. Formal operational\nAnswer:"," Sensorimotor"],["Question: According to cognitive theorist Jean Piaget, children in which of the following stages of cognitive development are egocentric, or unable to understand another person's perspective?\nChoices:\nA. Sensorimotor\nB. Preoperational\nC. Concrete operational\nD. Formal operational\nAnswer:"," Preoperational"],["Question: According to cognitive theorist Jean Piaget, children in which of the following stages of cognitive development are egocentric, or unable to understand another person's perspective?\nChoices:\nA. Sensorimotor\nB. Preoperational\nC. Concrete operational\nD. Formal operational\nAnswer:"," Concrete operational"],["Question: According to cognitive theorist Jean Piaget, children in which of the following stages of cognitive development are egocentric, or unable to understand another person's perspective?\nChoices:\nA. Sensorimotor\nB. Preoperational\nC. Concrete operational\nD. Formal operational\nAnswer:"," Formal operational"]]
[["Question: A large city was interested in annexing part of the surrounding county. In a survey conducted by the local newspaper, 58 percent of respondents said they were against the annexation. During the actual vote, not all eligible voters voted, but 56 percent of the respondents voted against the annexation. Which of the following best describes the difference in the percentages obtained from the newspaper poll and the vote itself?\nChoices:\nA. It is an example of nonresponse bias, the systematic tendency of individuals with particular characteristics to refuse to answer a survey question.\nB. It is the systematic difference between a statistic and parameter caused by the nonrandom selection of surveyed persons.\nC. It is the difference between the same statistics computed from two different samples.\nD. It is the difference between the statistic and the truth due to use of a random sample.\nAnswer:"," It is an example of nonresponse bias, the systematic tendency of individuals with particular characteristics to refuse to answer a survey question."],["Question: A large city was interested in annexing part of the surrounding county. In a survey conducted by the local newspaper, 58 percent of respondents said they were against the annexation. During the actual vote, not all eligible voters voted, but 56 percent of the respondents voted against the annexation. Which of the following best describes the difference in the percentages obtained from the newspaper poll and the vote itself?\nChoices:\nA. It is an example of nonresponse bias, the systematic tendency of individuals with particular characteristics to refuse to answer a survey question.\nB. It is the systematic difference between a statistic and parameter caused by the nonrandom selection of surveyed persons.\nC. It is the difference between the same statistics computed from two different samples.\nD. It is the difference between the statistic and the truth due to use of a random sample.\nAnswer:"," It is the systematic difference between a statistic and parameter caused by the nonrandom selection of surveyed persons."],["Question: A large city was interested in annexing part of the surrounding county. In a survey conducted by the local newspaper, 58 percent of respondents said they were against the annexation. During the actual vote, not all eligible voters voted, but 56 percent of the respondents voted against the annexation. Which of the following best describes the difference in the percentages obtained from the newspaper poll and the vote itself?\nChoices:\nA. It is an example of nonresponse bias, the systematic tendency of individuals with particular characteristics to refuse to answer a survey question.\nB. It is the systematic difference between a statistic and parameter caused by the nonrandom selection of surveyed persons.\nC. It is the difference between the same statistics computed from two different samples.\nD. It is the difference between the statistic and the truth due to use of a random sample.\nAnswer:"," It is the difference between the same statistics computed from two different samples."],["Question: A large city was interested in annexing part of the surrounding county. In a survey conducted by the local newspaper, 58 percent of respondents said they were against the annexation. During the actual vote, not all eligible voters voted, but 56 percent of the respondents voted against the annexation. Which of the following best describes the difference in the percentages obtained from the newspaper poll and the vote itself?\nChoices:\nA. It is an example of nonresponse bias, the systematic tendency of individuals with particular characteristics to refuse to answer a survey question.\nB. It is the systematic difference between a statistic and parameter caused by the nonrandom selection of surveyed persons.\nC. It is the difference between the same statistics computed from two different samples.\nD. It is the difference between the statistic and the truth due to use of a random sample.\nAnswer:"," It is the difference between the statistic and the truth due to use of a random sample."],["Question: The Hardcore Construction Company has two offices, one in Atlanta and one in New Orleans. Fifteen engineers work in the Atlanta office, and 14 engineers work in the New Orleans office. The business manager decided to use a 2-sample t-test to compare the mean salaries of engineers in the two offices. Because there were only 15 engineers in one office and 14 engineers in the other, he used the salaries of all the engineers in the computation. Is the 2-sample t-test an appropriate inferential technique in this situation?\nChoices:\nA. Yes, because he is comparing the means of two small groups.\nB. Yes. Both Atlanta and New Orleans are large cities, so the salaries are comparable.\nC. Yes. Because Atlanta and New Orleans are about 500 miles apart, the two groups of engineers can be assumed to be independent.\nD. No, because the entire population information was used from both offices. Because no samples were taken, a t-test should not be used.\nAnswer:"," Yes, because he is comparing the means of two small groups."],["Question: The Hardcore Construction Company has two offices, one in Atlanta and one in New Orleans. Fifteen engineers work in the Atlanta office, and 14 engineers work in the New Orleans office. The business manager decided to use a 2-sample t-test to compare the mean salaries of engineers in the two offices. Because there were only 15 engineers in one office and 14 engineers in the other, he used the salaries of all the engineers in the computation. Is the 2-sample t-test an appropriate inferential technique in this situation?\nChoices:\nA. Yes, because he is comparing the means of two small groups.\nB. Yes. Both Atlanta and New Orleans are large cities, so the salaries are comparable.\nC. Yes. Because Atlanta and New Orleans are about 500 miles apart, the two groups of engineers can be assumed to be independent.\nD. No, because the entire population information was used from both offices. Because no samples were taken, a t-test should not be used.\nAnswer:"," Yes. Both Atlanta and New Orleans are large cities, so the salaries are comparable."],["Question: The Hardcore Construction Company has two offices, one in Atlanta and one in New Orleans. Fifteen engineers work in the Atlanta office, and 14 engineers work in the New Orleans office. The business manager decided to use a 2-sample t-test to compare the mean salaries of engineers in the two offices. Because there were only 15 engineers in one office and 14 engineers in the other, he used the salaries of all the engineers in the computation. Is the 2-sample t-test an appropriate inferential technique in this situation?\nChoices:\nA. Yes, because he is comparing the means of two small groups.\nB. Yes. Both Atlanta and New Orleans are large cities, so the salaries are comparable.\nC. Yes. Because Atlanta and New Orleans are about 500 miles apart, the two groups of engineers can be assumed to be independent.\nD. No, because the entire population information was used from both offices. Because no samples were taken, a t-test should not be used.\nAnswer:"," Yes. Because Atlanta and New Orleans are about 500 miles apart, the two groups of engineers can be assumed to be independent."],["Question: The Hardcore Construction Company has two offices, one in Atlanta and one in New Orleans. Fifteen engineers work in the Atlanta office, and 14 engineers work in the New Orleans office. The business manager decided to use a 2-sample t-test to compare the mean salaries of engineers in the two offices. Because there were only 15 engineers in one office and 14 engineers in the other, he used the salaries of all the engineers in the computation. Is the 2-sample t-test an appropriate inferential technique in this situation?\nChoices:\nA. Yes, because he is comparing the means of two small groups.\nB. Yes. Both Atlanta and New Orleans are large cities, so the salaries are comparable.\nC. Yes. Because Atlanta and New Orleans are about 500 miles apart, the two groups of engineers can be assumed to be independent.\nD. No, because the entire population information was used from both offices. Because no samples were taken, a t-test should not be used.\nAnswer:"," No, because the entire population information was used from both offices. Because no samples were taken, a t-test should not be used."],["Question: The president of an online music streaming service whose customers pay a fee wants to gather additional information about customers who have joined in the past 12 months. The company plans to send out an e-mail survey to a sample of current customers with a link that gives participants a month of streaming service for free once the survey has been completed. They know that musical tastes vary by geographical region. Which of the following sample plans would produce the most representative sample of its customers?\nChoices:\nA. Choose all of the customers who joined in the last month.\nB. Make a list of all the customers who joined in the last 12 months and choose a random sample of customers on this list.\nC. From the list of all customers who joined in the last 12 months, classify customers by the state in which they live, then choose 10 customers from each state.\nD. From the list of all customers who joined in the last 12 months, classify customers by the state in which they live, then choose 3% of the customers from each state.\nAnswer:"," Choose all of the customers who joined in the last month."],["Question: The president of an online music streaming service whose customers pay a fee wants to gather additional information about customers who have joined in the past 12 months. The company plans to send out an e-mail survey to a sample of current customers with a link that gives participants a month of streaming service for free once the survey has been completed. They know that musical tastes vary by geographical region. Which of the following sample plans would produce the most representative sample of its customers?\nChoices:\nA. Choose all of the customers who joined in the last month.\nB. Make a list of all the customers who joined in the last 12 months and choose a random sample of customers on this list.\nC. From the list of all customers who joined in the last 12 months, classify customers by the state in which they live, then choose 10 customers from each state.\nD. From the list of all customers who joined in the last 12 months, classify customers by the state in which they live, then choose 3% of the customers from each state.\nAnswer:"," Make a list of all the customers who joined in the last 12 months and choose a random sample of customers on this list."],["Question: The president of an online music streaming service whose customers pay a fee wants to gather additional information about customers who have joined in the past 12 months. The company plans to send out an e-mail survey to a sample of current customers with a link that gives participants a month of streaming service for free once the survey has been completed. They know that musical tastes vary by geographical region. Which of the following sample plans would produce the most representative sample of its customers?\nChoices:\nA. Choose all of the customers who joined in the last month.\nB. Make a list of all the customers who joined in the last 12 months and choose a random sample of customers on this list.\nC. From the list of all customers who joined in the last 12 months, classify customers by the state in which they live, then choose 10 customers from each state.\nD. From the list of all customers who joined in the last 12 months, classify customers by the state in which they live, then choose 3% of the customers from each state.\nAnswer:"," From the list of all customers who joined in the last 12 months, classify customers by the state in which they live, then choose 10 customers from each state."],["Question: The president of an online music streaming service whose customers pay a fee wants to gather additional information about customers who have joined in the past 12 months. The company plans to send out an e-mail survey to a sample of current customers with a link that gives participants a month of streaming service for free once the survey has been completed. They know that musical tastes vary by geographical region. Which of the following sample plans would produce the most representative sample of its customers?\nChoices:\nA. Choose all of the customers who joined in the last month.\nB. Make a list of all the customers who joined in the last 12 months and choose a random sample of customers on this list.\nC. From the list of all customers who joined in the last 12 months, classify customers by the state in which they live, then choose 10 customers from each state.\nD. From the list of all customers who joined in the last 12 months, classify customers by the state in which they live, then choose 3% of the customers from each state.\nAnswer:"," From the list of all customers who joined in the last 12 months, classify customers by the state in which they live, then choose 3% of the customers from each state."],["Question: Which of the following is not true with regard to contingency tables for chi-square tests for independence?\nChoices:\nA. The categories are not numerical for either variable.\nB. Observed frequencies should be whole numbers.\nC. Expected frequencies should be whole numbers.\nD. Expected frequencies in each cell should be at least 5, and to achieve this, one sometimes combines categories for one or the other or both of the variables.\nAnswer:"," The categories are not numerical for either variable."],["Question: Which of the following is not true with regard to contingency tables for chi-square tests for independence?\nChoices:\nA. The categories are not numerical for either variable.\nB. Observed frequencies should be whole numbers.\nC. Expected frequencies should be whole numbers.\nD. Expected frequencies in each cell should be at least 5, and to achieve this, one sometimes combines categories for one or the other or both of the variables.\nAnswer:"," Observed frequencies should be whole numbers."],["Question: Which of the following is not true with regard to contingency tables for chi-square tests for independence?\nChoices:\nA. The categories are not numerical for either variable.\nB. Observed frequencies should be whole numbers.\nC. Expected frequencies should be whole numbers.\nD. Expected frequencies in each cell should be at least 5, and to achieve this, one sometimes combines categories for one or the other or both of the variables.\nAnswer:"," Expected frequencies should be whole numbers."],["Question: Which of the following is not true with regard to contingency tables for chi-square tests for independence?\nChoices:\nA. The categories are not numerical for either variable.\nB. Observed frequencies should be whole numbers.\nC. Expected frequencies should be whole numbers.\nD. Expected frequencies in each cell should be at least 5, and to achieve this, one sometimes combines categories for one or the other or both of the variables.\nAnswer:"," Expected frequencies in each cell should be at least 5, and to achieve this, one sometimes combines categories for one or the other or both of the variables."],["Question: Which of the following is NOT true of the \u03c72 probability distribution function?\nChoices:\nA. The area under the \u03c72 curve is 1.\nB. \u03c72 is defined only for nonnegative values of the variable.\nC. For small degrees of freedom, the curve displays strong right-skewness.\nD. For the same \u03b1, as the number of degrees of freedom increases, the critical value for the rejection region decreases.\nAnswer:"," The area under the \u03c72 curve is 1."],["Question: Which of the following is NOT true of the \u03c72 probability distribution function?\nChoices:\nA. The area under the \u03c72 curve is 1.\nB. \u03c72 is defined only for nonnegative values of the variable.\nC. For small degrees of freedom, the curve displays strong right-skewness.\nD. For the same \u03b1, as the number of degrees of freedom increases, the critical value for the rejection region decreases.\nAnswer:"," \u03c72 is defined only for nonnegative values of the variable."],["Question: Which of the following is NOT true of the \u03c72 probability distribution function?\nChoices:\nA. The area under the \u03c72 curve is 1.\nB. \u03c72 is defined only for nonnegative values of the variable.\nC. For small degrees of freedom, the curve displays strong right-skewness.\nD. For the same \u03b1, as the number of degrees of freedom increases, the critical value for the rejection region decreases.\nAnswer:"," For small degrees of freedom, the curve displays strong right-skewness."],["Question: Which of the following is NOT true of the \u03c72 probability distribution function?\nChoices:\nA. The area under the \u03c72 curve is 1.\nB. \u03c72 is defined only for nonnegative values of the variable.\nC. For small degrees of freedom, the curve displays strong right-skewness.\nD. For the same \u03b1, as the number of degrees of freedom increases, the critical value for the rejection region decreases.\nAnswer:"," For the same \u03b1, as the number of degrees of freedom increases, the critical value for the rejection region decreases."],["Question: In a high school of 1650 students, 132 have personal investments in the stock market. To estimate the total stock investment by students in this school, two plans are proposed. Plan I would sample 30 students at random, find a confidence interval estimate of their average investment, and then multiply both ends of this interval by 1650 to get an interval estimate of the total investment. Plan II would sample 30 students at random from among the 132 who have investments in the market, find a confidence interval estimate of their average investment, and then multiply both ends of this interval by 132 to get an interval estimate of the total investment. Which is the better plan for estimating the total stock market investment by students in this school?\nChoices:\nA. Plan I\nB. Plan II\nC. Both plans use random samples and so will produce equivalent results.\nD. Neither plan will give an accurate estimate.\nAnswer:"," Plan I"],["Question: In a high school of 1650 students, 132 have personal investments in the stock market. To estimate the total stock investment by students in this school, two plans are proposed. Plan I would sample 30 students at random, find a confidence interval estimate of their average investment, and then multiply both ends of this interval by 1650 to get an interval estimate of the total investment. Plan II would sample 30 students at random from among the 132 who have investments in the market, find a confidence interval estimate of their average investment, and then multiply both ends of this interval by 132 to get an interval estimate of the total investment. Which is the better plan for estimating the total stock market investment by students in this school?\nChoices:\nA. Plan I\nB. Plan II\nC. Both plans use random samples and so will produce equivalent results.\nD. Neither plan will give an accurate estimate.\nAnswer:"," Plan II"],["Question: In a high school of 1650 students, 132 have personal investments in the stock market. To estimate the total stock investment by students in this school, two plans are proposed. Plan I would sample 30 students at random, find a confidence interval estimate of their average investment, and then multiply both ends of this interval by 1650 to get an interval estimate of the total investment. Plan II would sample 30 students at random from among the 132 who have investments in the market, find a confidence interval estimate of their average investment, and then multiply both ends of this interval by 132 to get an interval estimate of the total investment. Which is the better plan for estimating the total stock market investment by students in this school?\nChoices:\nA. Plan I\nB. Plan II\nC. Both plans use random samples and so will produce equivalent results.\nD. Neither plan will give an accurate estimate.\nAnswer:"," Both plans use random samples and so will produce equivalent results."],["Question: In a high school of 1650 students, 132 have personal investments in the stock market. To estimate the total stock investment by students in this school, two plans are proposed. Plan I would sample 30 students at random, find a confidence interval estimate of their average investment, and then multiply both ends of this interval by 1650 to get an interval estimate of the total investment. Plan II would sample 30 students at random from among the 132 who have investments in the market, find a confidence interval estimate of their average investment, and then multiply both ends of this interval by 132 to get an interval estimate of the total investment. Which is the better plan for estimating the total stock market investment by students in this school?\nChoices:\nA. Plan I\nB. Plan II\nC. Both plans use random samples and so will produce equivalent results.\nD. Neither plan will give an accurate estimate.\nAnswer:"," Neither plan will give an accurate estimate."],["Question: Which of the following is notrequired in a binomial setting?\nChoices:\nA. Each trial is considered either a success or a failure.\nB. Each trial is independent.\nC. The value of the random variable of interest is the number of trials until the first success occurs.\nD. There is a fixed number of trials.\nAnswer:"," Each trial is considered either a success or a failure."],["Question: Which of the following is notrequired in a binomial setting?\nChoices:\nA. Each trial is considered either a success or a failure.\nB. Each trial is independent.\nC. The value of the random variable of interest is the number of trials until the first success occurs.\nD. There is a fixed number of trials.\nAnswer:"," Each trial is independent."],["Question: Which of the following is notrequired in a binomial setting?\nChoices:\nA. Each trial is considered either a success or a failure.\nB. Each trial is independent.\nC. The value of the random variable of interest is the number of trials until the first success occurs.\nD. There is a fixed number of trials.\nAnswer:"," The value of the random variable of interest is the number of trials until the first success occurs."],["Question: Which of the following is notrequired in a binomial setting?\nChoices:\nA. Each trial is considered either a success or a failure.\nB. Each trial is independent.\nC. The value of the random variable of interest is the number of trials until the first success occurs.\nD. There is a fixed number of trials.\nAnswer:"," There is a fixed number of trials."],["Question: The mean daily demand for bread at a popular bakery is 2,500 loaves, with a standard deviation of 225 loaves. Every morning the bakery bakes 3,000 loaves. What is the probability that today it will run out of bread? Assume that the mean daily demand for bread at this bakery is normally distributed.\nChoices:\nA. 0.8333\nB. 0.1667\nC. 0.9869\nD. 0.0132\nAnswer:"," 0.8333"],["Question: The mean daily demand for bread at a popular bakery is 2,500 loaves, with a standard deviation of 225 loaves. Every morning the bakery bakes 3,000 loaves. What is the probability that today it will run out of bread? Assume that the mean daily demand for bread at this bakery is normally distributed.\nChoices:\nA. 0.8333\nB. 0.1667\nC. 0.9869\nD. 0.0132\nAnswer:"," 0.1667"],["Question: The mean daily demand for bread at a popular bakery is 2,500 loaves, with a standard deviation of 225 loaves. Every morning the bakery bakes 3,000 loaves. What is the probability that today it will run out of bread? Assume that the mean daily demand for bread at this bakery is normally distributed.\nChoices:\nA. 0.8333\nB. 0.1667\nC. 0.9869\nD. 0.0132\nAnswer:"," 0.9869"],["Question: The mean daily demand for bread at a popular bakery is 2,500 loaves, with a standard deviation of 225 loaves. Every morning the bakery bakes 3,000 loaves. What is the probability that today it will run out of bread? Assume that the mean daily demand for bread at this bakery is normally distributed.\nChoices:\nA. 0.8333\nB. 0.1667\nC. 0.9869\nD. 0.0132\nAnswer:"," 0.0132"],["Question: A medical research team tests for tumor reduction in a sample of patients using three different dosages of an experimental cancer drug. Which of the following is true?\nChoices:\nA. There are three explanatory variables and one response variable.\nB. There is one explanatory variable with three levels of response.\nC. Tumor reduction is the only explanatory variable, but there are three response variables corresponding to the different dosages.\nD. There are three levels of a single explanatory variable.\nAnswer:"," There are three explanatory variables and one response variable."],["Question: A medical research team tests for tumor reduction in a sample of patients using three different dosages of an experimental cancer drug. Which of the following is true?\nChoices:\nA. There are three explanatory variables and one response variable.\nB. There is one explanatory variable with three levels of response.\nC. Tumor reduction is the only explanatory variable, but there are three response variables corresponding to the different dosages.\nD. There are three levels of a single explanatory variable.\nAnswer:"," There is one explanatory variable with three levels of response."],["Question: A medical research team tests for tumor reduction in a sample of patients using three different dosages of an experimental cancer drug. Which of the following is true?\nChoices:\nA. There are three explanatory variables and one response variable.\nB. There is one explanatory variable with three levels of response.\nC. Tumor reduction is the only explanatory variable, but there are three response variables corresponding to the different dosages.\nD. There are three levels of a single explanatory variable.\nAnswer:"," Tumor reduction is the only explanatory variable, but there are three response variables corresponding to the different dosages."],["Question: A medical research team tests for tumor reduction in a sample of patients using three different dosages of an experimental cancer drug. Which of the following is true?\nChoices:\nA. There are three explanatory variables and one response variable.\nB. There is one explanatory variable with three levels of response.\nC. Tumor reduction is the only explanatory variable, but there are three response variables corresponding to the different dosages.\nD. There are three levels of a single explanatory variable.\nAnswer:"," There are three levels of a single explanatory variable."],["Question: Given that the sample has a standard deviation of zero, which of the following is a true statement?\nChoices:\nA. The standard deviation of the population is also zero.\nB. The sample mean and sample median are equal.\nC. The sample may have outliers.\nD. The population has a symmetric distribution.\nAnswer:"," The standard deviation of the population is also zero."],["Question: Given that the sample has a standard deviation of zero, which of the following is a true statement?\nChoices:\nA. The standard deviation of the population is also zero.\nB. The sample mean and sample median are equal.\nC. The sample may have outliers.\nD. The population has a symmetric distribution.\nAnswer:"," The sample mean and sample median are equal."],["Question: Given that the sample has a standard deviation of zero, which of the following is a true statement?\nChoices:\nA. The standard deviation of the population is also zero.\nB. The sample mean and sample median are equal.\nC. The sample may have outliers.\nD. The population has a symmetric distribution.\nAnswer:"," The sample may have outliers."],["Question: Given that the sample has a standard deviation of zero, which of the following is a true statement?\nChoices:\nA. The standard deviation of the population is also zero.\nB. The sample mean and sample median are equal.\nC. The sample may have outliers.\nD. The population has a symmetric distribution.\nAnswer:"," The population has a symmetric distribution."]]
[["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"If you analyze it I believe the very heart and soul of conservatism is libertarianism. I think conservatism is really a misnomer just as liberalism is a misnomer for the liberals\u2014if we were back in the days of the Revolution, so-called conservatives today would be the Liberals and the liberals would be the Tories. The basis of conservatism is a desire for less government interference or less centralized authority or more individual freedom and this is a pretty general description also of what libertarianism is. Now, I can't say that I will agree with all the things that the present group who call themselves Libertarians in the sense of a party say, because I think that like in any political movement there are shades, and there are libertarians who are almost over at the point of wanting no government at all or anarchy. I believe there are legitimate government functions. There is a legitimate need in an orderly society for some government to maintain freedom or we will have tyranny by individuals. The strongest man on the block will run the neighborhood. We have government to ensure that we don't each one of us have to carry a club to defend ourselves. But again, I stand on my statement that I think that libertarianism and conservatism are traveling the same path.\"\nRonald Reagan, Interview published in Reason magazine, 1975\nWhich of the following groups would be most opposed to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt above?\nChoices:\nA. Neoconservatives\nB. Reagan Democrats\nC. Progressive Liberals\nD. Populists\nAnswer:"," Neoconservatives"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"If you analyze it I believe the very heart and soul of conservatism is libertarianism. I think conservatism is really a misnomer just as liberalism is a misnomer for the liberals\u2014if we were back in the days of the Revolution, so-called conservatives today would be the Liberals and the liberals would be the Tories. The basis of conservatism is a desire for less government interference or less centralized authority or more individual freedom and this is a pretty general description also of what libertarianism is. Now, I can't say that I will agree with all the things that the present group who call themselves Libertarians in the sense of a party say, because I think that like in any political movement there are shades, and there are libertarians who are almost over at the point of wanting no government at all or anarchy. I believe there are legitimate government functions. There is a legitimate need in an orderly society for some government to maintain freedom or we will have tyranny by individuals. The strongest man on the block will run the neighborhood. We have government to ensure that we don't each one of us have to carry a club to defend ourselves. But again, I stand on my statement that I think that libertarianism and conservatism are traveling the same path.\"\nRonald Reagan, Interview published in Reason magazine, 1975\nWhich of the following groups would be most opposed to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt above?\nChoices:\nA. Neoconservatives\nB. Reagan Democrats\nC. Progressive Liberals\nD. Populists\nAnswer:"," Reagan Democrats"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"If you analyze it I believe the very heart and soul of conservatism is libertarianism. I think conservatism is really a misnomer just as liberalism is a misnomer for the liberals\u2014if we were back in the days of the Revolution, so-called conservatives today would be the Liberals and the liberals would be the Tories. The basis of conservatism is a desire for less government interference or less centralized authority or more individual freedom and this is a pretty general description also of what libertarianism is. Now, I can't say that I will agree with all the things that the present group who call themselves Libertarians in the sense of a party say, because I think that like in any political movement there are shades, and there are libertarians who are almost over at the point of wanting no government at all or anarchy. I believe there are legitimate government functions. There is a legitimate need in an orderly society for some government to maintain freedom or we will have tyranny by individuals. The strongest man on the block will run the neighborhood. We have government to ensure that we don't each one of us have to carry a club to defend ourselves. But again, I stand on my statement that I think that libertarianism and conservatism are traveling the same path.\"\nRonald Reagan, Interview published in Reason magazine, 1975\nWhich of the following groups would be most opposed to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt above?\nChoices:\nA. Neoconservatives\nB. Reagan Democrats\nC. Progressive Liberals\nD. Populists\nAnswer:"," Progressive Liberals"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"If you analyze it I believe the very heart and soul of conservatism is libertarianism. I think conservatism is really a misnomer just as liberalism is a misnomer for the liberals\u2014if we were back in the days of the Revolution, so-called conservatives today would be the Liberals and the liberals would be the Tories. The basis of conservatism is a desire for less government interference or less centralized authority or more individual freedom and this is a pretty general description also of what libertarianism is. Now, I can't say that I will agree with all the things that the present group who call themselves Libertarians in the sense of a party say, because I think that like in any political movement there are shades, and there are libertarians who are almost over at the point of wanting no government at all or anarchy. I believe there are legitimate government functions. There is a legitimate need in an orderly society for some government to maintain freedom or we will have tyranny by individuals. The strongest man on the block will run the neighborhood. We have government to ensure that we don't each one of us have to carry a club to defend ourselves. But again, I stand on my statement that I think that libertarianism and conservatism are traveling the same path.\"\nRonald Reagan, Interview published in Reason magazine, 1975\nWhich of the following groups would be most opposed to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt above?\nChoices:\nA. Neoconservatives\nB. Reagan Democrats\nC. Progressive Liberals\nD. Populists\nAnswer:"," Populists"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The far-reaching, the boundless future will be the era of American greatness. In its magnificent domain of space and time, the nation of many nations is destined to manifest to mankind the excellence of divine principles; to establish on earth the noblest temple ever dedicated to the worship of the Most High\u2014the Sacred and the True. Its floor shall be a hemisphere\u2014its roof the firmament of the star-studded heavens, and its congregation a Union of many Republics, comprising hundreds of happy millions, calling, owning no man master, but governed by God's natural and moral law of equality, the law of brotherhood\u2014of 'peace and good will amongst men.'\"\nJohn L. O'Sullivan, \"The Great Nation of Futurity,\" 1839\nBetween 1820 and 1854, the greatest number of immigrants to the United States came from\nChoices:\nA. France\nB. Russia\nC. England\nD. Ireland\nAnswer:"," France"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The far-reaching, the boundless future will be the era of American greatness. In its magnificent domain of space and time, the nation of many nations is destined to manifest to mankind the excellence of divine principles; to establish on earth the noblest temple ever dedicated to the worship of the Most High\u2014the Sacred and the True. Its floor shall be a hemisphere\u2014its roof the firmament of the star-studded heavens, and its congregation a Union of many Republics, comprising hundreds of happy millions, calling, owning no man master, but governed by God's natural and moral law of equality, the law of brotherhood\u2014of 'peace and good will amongst men.'\"\nJohn L. O'Sullivan, \"The Great Nation of Futurity,\" 1839\nBetween 1820 and 1854, the greatest number of immigrants to the United States came from\nChoices:\nA. France\nB. Russia\nC. England\nD. Ireland\nAnswer:"," Russia"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The far-reaching, the boundless future will be the era of American greatness. In its magnificent domain of space and time, the nation of many nations is destined to manifest to mankind the excellence of divine principles; to establish on earth the noblest temple ever dedicated to the worship of the Most High\u2014the Sacred and the True. Its floor shall be a hemisphere\u2014its roof the firmament of the star-studded heavens, and its congregation a Union of many Republics, comprising hundreds of happy millions, calling, owning no man master, but governed by God's natural and moral law of equality, the law of brotherhood\u2014of 'peace and good will amongst men.'\"\nJohn L. O'Sullivan, \"The Great Nation of Futurity,\" 1839\nBetween 1820 and 1854, the greatest number of immigrants to the United States came from\nChoices:\nA. France\nB. Russia\nC. England\nD. Ireland\nAnswer:"," England"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The far-reaching, the boundless future will be the era of American greatness. In its magnificent domain of space and time, the nation of many nations is destined to manifest to mankind the excellence of divine principles; to establish on earth the noblest temple ever dedicated to the worship of the Most High\u2014the Sacred and the True. Its floor shall be a hemisphere\u2014its roof the firmament of the star-studded heavens, and its congregation a Union of many Republics, comprising hundreds of happy millions, calling, owning no man master, but governed by God's natural and moral law of equality, the law of brotherhood\u2014of 'peace and good will amongst men.'\"\nJohn L. O'Sullivan, \"The Great Nation of Futurity,\" 1839\nBetween 1820 and 1854, the greatest number of immigrants to the United States came from\nChoices:\nA. France\nB. Russia\nC. England\nD. Ireland\nAnswer:"," Ireland"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"I was once a tool of oppression\nAnd as green as a sucker could be\nAnd monopolies banded together\nTo beat a poor hayseed like me.\n\"The railroads and old party bosses\nTogether did sweetly agree;\nAnd they thought there would be little trouble\nIn working a hayseed like me. . . .\"\n\u2014\"The Hayseed\"\nThe song, and the movement that it was connected to, highlight which of the following developments in the broader society in the late 1800s?\nChoices:\nA. Corruption in government\u2014especially as it related to big business\u2014energized the public to demand increased popular control and reform of local, state, and national governments.\nB. A large-scale movement of struggling African American and white farmers, as well as urban factory workers, was able to exert a great deal of leverage over federal legislation.\nC. The two-party system of the era broke down and led to the emergence of an additional major party that was able to win control of Congress within ten years of its founding.\nD. Continued skirmishes on the frontier in the 1890s with American Indians created a sense of fear and bitterness among western farmers.\nAnswer:"," Corruption in government\u2014especially as it related to big business\u2014energized the public to demand increased popular control and reform of local, state, and national governments."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"I was once a tool of oppression\nAnd as green as a sucker could be\nAnd monopolies banded together\nTo beat a poor hayseed like me.\n\"The railroads and old party bosses\nTogether did sweetly agree;\nAnd they thought there would be little trouble\nIn working a hayseed like me. . . .\"\n\u2014\"The Hayseed\"\nThe song, and the movement that it was connected to, highlight which of the following developments in the broader society in the late 1800s?\nChoices:\nA. Corruption in government\u2014especially as it related to big business\u2014energized the public to demand increased popular control and reform of local, state, and national governments.\nB. A large-scale movement of struggling African American and white farmers, as well as urban factory workers, was able to exert a great deal of leverage over federal legislation.\nC. The two-party system of the era broke down and led to the emergence of an additional major party that was able to win control of Congress within ten years of its founding.\nD. Continued skirmishes on the frontier in the 1890s with American Indians created a sense of fear and bitterness among western farmers.\nAnswer:"," A large-scale movement of struggling African American and white farmers, as well as urban factory workers, was able to exert a great deal of leverage over federal legislation."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"I was once a tool of oppression\nAnd as green as a sucker could be\nAnd monopolies banded together\nTo beat a poor hayseed like me.\n\"The railroads and old party bosses\nTogether did sweetly agree;\nAnd they thought there would be little trouble\nIn working a hayseed like me. . . .\"\n\u2014\"The Hayseed\"\nThe song, and the movement that it was connected to, highlight which of the following developments in the broader society in the late 1800s?\nChoices:\nA. Corruption in government\u2014especially as it related to big business\u2014energized the public to demand increased popular control and reform of local, state, and national governments.\nB. A large-scale movement of struggling African American and white farmers, as well as urban factory workers, was able to exert a great deal of leverage over federal legislation.\nC. The two-party system of the era broke down and led to the emergence of an additional major party that was able to win control of Congress within ten years of its founding.\nD. Continued skirmishes on the frontier in the 1890s with American Indians created a sense of fear and bitterness among western farmers.\nAnswer:"," The two-party system of the era broke down and led to the emergence of an additional major party that was able to win control of Congress within ten years of its founding."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"I was once a tool of oppression\nAnd as green as a sucker could be\nAnd monopolies banded together\nTo beat a poor hayseed like me.\n\"The railroads and old party bosses\nTogether did sweetly agree;\nAnd they thought there would be little trouble\nIn working a hayseed like me. . . .\"\n\u2014\"The Hayseed\"\nThe song, and the movement that it was connected to, highlight which of the following developments in the broader society in the late 1800s?\nChoices:\nA. Corruption in government\u2014especially as it related to big business\u2014energized the public to demand increased popular control and reform of local, state, and national governments.\nB. A large-scale movement of struggling African American and white farmers, as well as urban factory workers, was able to exert a great deal of leverage over federal legislation.\nC. The two-party system of the era broke down and led to the emergence of an additional major party that was able to win control of Congress within ten years of its founding.\nD. Continued skirmishes on the frontier in the 1890s with American Indians created a sense of fear and bitterness among western farmers.\nAnswer:"," Continued skirmishes on the frontier in the 1890s with American Indians created a sense of fear and bitterness among western farmers."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nTonight, the daughter of a woman whose highest goal was a future for her children talks to our nation's oldest political party about a future for us all. Tonight, the daughter of working Americans tells all Americans that the future is within our reach, if we're willing to reach for it. Tonight, the daughter of an immigrant from Italy has been chosen to run for (vice) president in the new land my father came to love.\u2026 Americans want to live by the same set of rules. But under this administration, the rules are rigged against too many of our people. It isn't right that every year the share of taxes paid by individual citizens is going up, while the share paid by large corporations is getting smaller and smaller.\u2026 It isn't right that young couples question whether to bring children into a world of 50,000 nuclear warheads. That isn't the vision for which Americans have struggled for more than two centuries.\u2026 Tonight, we reclaim our dream. We're going to make the rules of American life work for all Americans again.\u2026 The issue is not what America can do for women, but what women can do for America.\n\u2014Geraldine Ferraro, Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address, July 19, 1984\nThe ideas expressed in the passage above would most directly have strengthened which of the following during the 1980s?\nChoices:\nA. Opposition to the administration's arms buildup\nB. Efforts to deregulate many industries\nC. Efforts to reform the welfare system\nD. Support for the administration's cold war policies\nAnswer:"," Opposition to the administration's arms buildup"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nTonight, the daughter of a woman whose highest goal was a future for her children talks to our nation's oldest political party about a future for us all. Tonight, the daughter of working Americans tells all Americans that the future is within our reach, if we're willing to reach for it. Tonight, the daughter of an immigrant from Italy has been chosen to run for (vice) president in the new land my father came to love.\u2026 Americans want to live by the same set of rules. But under this administration, the rules are rigged against too many of our people. It isn't right that every year the share of taxes paid by individual citizens is going up, while the share paid by large corporations is getting smaller and smaller.\u2026 It isn't right that young couples question whether to bring children into a world of 50,000 nuclear warheads. That isn't the vision for which Americans have struggled for more than two centuries.\u2026 Tonight, we reclaim our dream. We're going to make the rules of American life work for all Americans again.\u2026 The issue is not what America can do for women, but what women can do for America.\n\u2014Geraldine Ferraro, Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address, July 19, 1984\nThe ideas expressed in the passage above would most directly have strengthened which of the following during the 1980s?\nChoices:\nA. Opposition to the administration's arms buildup\nB. Efforts to deregulate many industries\nC. Efforts to reform the welfare system\nD. Support for the administration's cold war policies\nAnswer:"," Efforts to deregulate many industries"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nTonight, the daughter of a woman whose highest goal was a future for her children talks to our nation's oldest political party about a future for us all. Tonight, the daughter of working Americans tells all Americans that the future is within our reach, if we're willing to reach for it. Tonight, the daughter of an immigrant from Italy has been chosen to run for (vice) president in the new land my father came to love.\u2026 Americans want to live by the same set of rules. But under this administration, the rules are rigged against too many of our people. It isn't right that every year the share of taxes paid by individual citizens is going up, while the share paid by large corporations is getting smaller and smaller.\u2026 It isn't right that young couples question whether to bring children into a world of 50,000 nuclear warheads. That isn't the vision for which Americans have struggled for more than two centuries.\u2026 Tonight, we reclaim our dream. We're going to make the rules of American life work for all Americans again.\u2026 The issue is not what America can do for women, but what women can do for America.\n\u2014Geraldine Ferraro, Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address, July 19, 1984\nThe ideas expressed in the passage above would most directly have strengthened which of the following during the 1980s?\nChoices:\nA. Opposition to the administration's arms buildup\nB. Efforts to deregulate many industries\nC. Efforts to reform the welfare system\nD. Support for the administration's cold war policies\nAnswer:"," Efforts to reform the welfare system"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nTonight, the daughter of a woman whose highest goal was a future for her children talks to our nation's oldest political party about a future for us all. Tonight, the daughter of working Americans tells all Americans that the future is within our reach, if we're willing to reach for it. Tonight, the daughter of an immigrant from Italy has been chosen to run for (vice) president in the new land my father came to love.\u2026 Americans want to live by the same set of rules. But under this administration, the rules are rigged against too many of our people. It isn't right that every year the share of taxes paid by individual citizens is going up, while the share paid by large corporations is getting smaller and smaller.\u2026 It isn't right that young couples question whether to bring children into a world of 50,000 nuclear warheads. That isn't the vision for which Americans have struggled for more than two centuries.\u2026 Tonight, we reclaim our dream. We're going to make the rules of American life work for all Americans again.\u2026 The issue is not what America can do for women, but what women can do for America.\n\u2014Geraldine Ferraro, Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address, July 19, 1984\nThe ideas expressed in the passage above would most directly have strengthened which of the following during the 1980s?\nChoices:\nA. Opposition to the administration's arms buildup\nB. Efforts to deregulate many industries\nC. Efforts to reform the welfare system\nD. Support for the administration's cold war policies\nAnswer:"," Support for the administration's cold war policies"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The conscience of the people, in a time of grave national problems, has called into being a new party, born of the nation's sense of justice. We of the Progressive party here dedicate ourselves to the fulfillment of the duty laid upon us by our fathers to maintain the government of the people, by the people and for the people whose foundations they laid. We hold with Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln that the people are the masters of their Constitution, to fulfill its purposes and to safeguard it from those who, by perversion of its intent, would convert it into an instrument of injustice. In accordance with the needs of each generation the people must use their sovereign powers to establish and maintain equal opportunity and industrial justice, to secure which this Government was founded and without which no republic can endure.\n\"This country belongs to the people who inhabit it. Its resources, its business, its institutions and its laws should be utilized, maintained or altered in whatever manner will best promote the general interest. It is time to set the public welfare in the first place.\"\nProgressive Party Platform, 1912\nIn harmony with the sentiments of the excerpt above, which of the following best characterizes the \"Square Deal\" of Theodore Roosevelt?\nChoices:\nA. Conservation, trust-busting, consumer protection\nB. Protective tariffs, centralized banking, conservation\nC. Equal opportunity, women's suffrage, laissez-faire economics\nD. Laissez-faire economics, support of labor unions, conservation\nAnswer:"," Conservation, trust-busting, consumer protection"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The conscience of the people, in a time of grave national problems, has called into being a new party, born of the nation's sense of justice. We of the Progressive party here dedicate ourselves to the fulfillment of the duty laid upon us by our fathers to maintain the government of the people, by the people and for the people whose foundations they laid. We hold with Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln that the people are the masters of their Constitution, to fulfill its purposes and to safeguard it from those who, by perversion of its intent, would convert it into an instrument of injustice. In accordance with the needs of each generation the people must use their sovereign powers to establish and maintain equal opportunity and industrial justice, to secure which this Government was founded and without which no republic can endure.\n\"This country belongs to the people who inhabit it. Its resources, its business, its institutions and its laws should be utilized, maintained or altered in whatever manner will best promote the general interest. It is time to set the public welfare in the first place.\"\nProgressive Party Platform, 1912\nIn harmony with the sentiments of the excerpt above, which of the following best characterizes the \"Square Deal\" of Theodore Roosevelt?\nChoices:\nA. Conservation, trust-busting, consumer protection\nB. Protective tariffs, centralized banking, conservation\nC. Equal opportunity, women's suffrage, laissez-faire economics\nD. Laissez-faire economics, support of labor unions, conservation\nAnswer:"," Protective tariffs, centralized banking, conservation"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The conscience of the people, in a time of grave national problems, has called into being a new party, born of the nation's sense of justice. We of the Progressive party here dedicate ourselves to the fulfillment of the duty laid upon us by our fathers to maintain the government of the people, by the people and for the people whose foundations they laid. We hold with Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln that the people are the masters of their Constitution, to fulfill its purposes and to safeguard it from those who, by perversion of its intent, would convert it into an instrument of injustice. In accordance with the needs of each generation the people must use their sovereign powers to establish and maintain equal opportunity and industrial justice, to secure which this Government was founded and without which no republic can endure.\n\"This country belongs to the people who inhabit it. Its resources, its business, its institutions and its laws should be utilized, maintained or altered in whatever manner will best promote the general interest. It is time to set the public welfare in the first place.\"\nProgressive Party Platform, 1912\nIn harmony with the sentiments of the excerpt above, which of the following best characterizes the \"Square Deal\" of Theodore Roosevelt?\nChoices:\nA. Conservation, trust-busting, consumer protection\nB. Protective tariffs, centralized banking, conservation\nC. Equal opportunity, women's suffrage, laissez-faire economics\nD. Laissez-faire economics, support of labor unions, conservation\nAnswer:"," Equal opportunity, women's suffrage, laissez-faire economics"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The conscience of the people, in a time of grave national problems, has called into being a new party, born of the nation's sense of justice. We of the Progressive party here dedicate ourselves to the fulfillment of the duty laid upon us by our fathers to maintain the government of the people, by the people and for the people whose foundations they laid. We hold with Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln that the people are the masters of their Constitution, to fulfill its purposes and to safeguard it from those who, by perversion of its intent, would convert it into an instrument of injustice. In accordance with the needs of each generation the people must use their sovereign powers to establish and maintain equal opportunity and industrial justice, to secure which this Government was founded and without which no republic can endure.\n\"This country belongs to the people who inhabit it. Its resources, its business, its institutions and its laws should be utilized, maintained or altered in whatever manner will best promote the general interest. It is time to set the public welfare in the first place.\"\nProgressive Party Platform, 1912\nIn harmony with the sentiments of the excerpt above, which of the following best characterizes the \"Square Deal\" of Theodore Roosevelt?\nChoices:\nA. Conservation, trust-busting, consumer protection\nB. Protective tariffs, centralized banking, conservation\nC. Equal opportunity, women's suffrage, laissez-faire economics\nD. Laissez-faire economics, support of labor unions, conservation\nAnswer:"," Laissez-faire economics, support of labor unions, conservation"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"If it be conceded, as it must be by every one who is the least conversant with our institutions, that the sovereign powers delegated are divided between the General and State Governments, and that the latter hold their portion by the same tenure as the former, it would seem impossible to deny to the States the right of deciding on the infractions of their powers, and the proper remedy to be applied for their correction. The right of judging, in such cases, is an essential attribute of sovereignty, of which the States cannot be divested without losing their sovereignty itself, and being reduced to a subordinate corporate condition. In fact, to divide power, and to give to one of the parties the exclusive right of judging of the portion allotted to each, is, in reality, not to divide it at all; and to reserve such exclusive right to the General Government (it matters not by what department to be exercised), is to convert it, in fact, into a great consolidated government, with unlimited powers, and to divest the States, in reality, of all their rights, It is impossible to understand the force of terms, and to deny so plain a conclusion.\"\n\u2014John C. Calhoun, \"South Carolina Exposition and Protest,\" 1828\nThe language of \"protest\" that Calhoun used in his \"Exposition and Protest\" was similar to the language of which of the following political positions?\nChoices:\nA. The response of supporters of Andrew Jackson to the \"corrupt bargain\" of 1824.\nB. The response of New England Federalists to the War of 1812.\nC. The response of the Jefferson administration to the actions of the \"Barbary pirates.\"\nD. The response of Daniel Shays to fiscal policies of the Massachusetts legislature in the 1780s.\nAnswer:"," The response of supporters of Andrew Jackson to the \"corrupt bargain\" of 1824."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"If it be conceded, as it must be by every one who is the least conversant with our institutions, that the sovereign powers delegated are divided between the General and State Governments, and that the latter hold their portion by the same tenure as the former, it would seem impossible to deny to the States the right of deciding on the infractions of their powers, and the proper remedy to be applied for their correction. The right of judging, in such cases, is an essential attribute of sovereignty, of which the States cannot be divested without losing their sovereignty itself, and being reduced to a subordinate corporate condition. In fact, to divide power, and to give to one of the parties the exclusive right of judging of the portion allotted to each, is, in reality, not to divide it at all; and to reserve such exclusive right to the General Government (it matters not by what department to be exercised), is to convert it, in fact, into a great consolidated government, with unlimited powers, and to divest the States, in reality, of all their rights, It is impossible to understand the force of terms, and to deny so plain a conclusion.\"\n\u2014John C. Calhoun, \"South Carolina Exposition and Protest,\" 1828\nThe language of \"protest\" that Calhoun used in his \"Exposition and Protest\" was similar to the language of which of the following political positions?\nChoices:\nA. The response of supporters of Andrew Jackson to the \"corrupt bargain\" of 1824.\nB. The response of New England Federalists to the War of 1812.\nC. The response of the Jefferson administration to the actions of the \"Barbary pirates.\"\nD. The response of Daniel Shays to fiscal policies of the Massachusetts legislature in the 1780s.\nAnswer:"," The response of New England Federalists to the War of 1812."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"If it be conceded, as it must be by every one who is the least conversant with our institutions, that the sovereign powers delegated are divided between the General and State Governments, and that the latter hold their portion by the same tenure as the former, it would seem impossible to deny to the States the right of deciding on the infractions of their powers, and the proper remedy to be applied for their correction. The right of judging, in such cases, is an essential attribute of sovereignty, of which the States cannot be divested without losing their sovereignty itself, and being reduced to a subordinate corporate condition. In fact, to divide power, and to give to one of the parties the exclusive right of judging of the portion allotted to each, is, in reality, not to divide it at all; and to reserve such exclusive right to the General Government (it matters not by what department to be exercised), is to convert it, in fact, into a great consolidated government, with unlimited powers, and to divest the States, in reality, of all their rights, It is impossible to understand the force of terms, and to deny so plain a conclusion.\"\n\u2014John C. Calhoun, \"South Carolina Exposition and Protest,\" 1828\nThe language of \"protest\" that Calhoun used in his \"Exposition and Protest\" was similar to the language of which of the following political positions?\nChoices:\nA. The response of supporters of Andrew Jackson to the \"corrupt bargain\" of 1824.\nB. The response of New England Federalists to the War of 1812.\nC. The response of the Jefferson administration to the actions of the \"Barbary pirates.\"\nD. The response of Daniel Shays to fiscal policies of the Massachusetts legislature in the 1780s.\nAnswer:"," The response of the Jefferson administration to the actions of the \"Barbary pirates.\""],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"If it be conceded, as it must be by every one who is the least conversant with our institutions, that the sovereign powers delegated are divided between the General and State Governments, and that the latter hold their portion by the same tenure as the former, it would seem impossible to deny to the States the right of deciding on the infractions of their powers, and the proper remedy to be applied for their correction. The right of judging, in such cases, is an essential attribute of sovereignty, of which the States cannot be divested without losing their sovereignty itself, and being reduced to a subordinate corporate condition. In fact, to divide power, and to give to one of the parties the exclusive right of judging of the portion allotted to each, is, in reality, not to divide it at all; and to reserve such exclusive right to the General Government (it matters not by what department to be exercised), is to convert it, in fact, into a great consolidated government, with unlimited powers, and to divest the States, in reality, of all their rights, It is impossible to understand the force of terms, and to deny so plain a conclusion.\"\n\u2014John C. Calhoun, \"South Carolina Exposition and Protest,\" 1828\nThe language of \"protest\" that Calhoun used in his \"Exposition and Protest\" was similar to the language of which of the following political positions?\nChoices:\nA. The response of supporters of Andrew Jackson to the \"corrupt bargain\" of 1824.\nB. The response of New England Federalists to the War of 1812.\nC. The response of the Jefferson administration to the actions of the \"Barbary pirates.\"\nD. The response of Daniel Shays to fiscal policies of the Massachusetts legislature in the 1780s.\nAnswer:"," The response of Daniel Shays to fiscal policies of the Massachusetts legislature in the 1780s."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"On the 4th of March next this party [the Republican party] will take possession of the government. It has announced that the South shall be excluded from the common territory, that the judicial tribunal shall be made sectional, and that a war must be waged against slavery until it shall cease throughout the United States. The guarantees of the Constitution will then no longer exist; the equal rights of the states will be lost. The slaveholding states will no longer have the power of self-government or self-protection, and the federal government will have become their enemy.\n\"We, therefore, the people of South Carolina, by our delegates in convention assembled, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this state and the other states of North America is dissolved; and that the state of South Carolina has resumed her position among the nations of the world, as [a] separate and independent state, with full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do.\"\nSouth Carolina defines the causes of secession, 1860\nWhich of the following was an immediate consequence of the secession of South Carolina?\nChoices:\nA. Southern Democrats appealed to the powers of Congress to stop military action against South Carolina.\nB. Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.\nC. Other Southern states seceded from the Union, forming the Confederacy.\nD. Jefferson Davis drafted Confederate soldiers into war, defending the siege on Fort Sumter.\nAnswer:"," Southern Democrats appealed to the powers of Congress to stop military action against South Carolina."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"On the 4th of March next this party [the Republican party] will take possession of the government. It has announced that the South shall be excluded from the common territory, that the judicial tribunal shall be made sectional, and that a war must be waged against slavery until it shall cease throughout the United States. The guarantees of the Constitution will then no longer exist; the equal rights of the states will be lost. The slaveholding states will no longer have the power of self-government or self-protection, and the federal government will have become their enemy.\n\"We, therefore, the people of South Carolina, by our delegates in convention assembled, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this state and the other states of North America is dissolved; and that the state of South Carolina has resumed her position among the nations of the world, as [a] separate and independent state, with full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do.\"\nSouth Carolina defines the causes of secession, 1860\nWhich of the following was an immediate consequence of the secession of South Carolina?\nChoices:\nA. Southern Democrats appealed to the powers of Congress to stop military action against South Carolina.\nB. Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.\nC. Other Southern states seceded from the Union, forming the Confederacy.\nD. Jefferson Davis drafted Confederate soldiers into war, defending the siege on Fort Sumter.\nAnswer:"," Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"On the 4th of March next this party [the Republican party] will take possession of the government. It has announced that the South shall be excluded from the common territory, that the judicial tribunal shall be made sectional, and that a war must be waged against slavery until it shall cease throughout the United States. The guarantees of the Constitution will then no longer exist; the equal rights of the states will be lost. The slaveholding states will no longer have the power of self-government or self-protection, and the federal government will have become their enemy.\n\"We, therefore, the people of South Carolina, by our delegates in convention assembled, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this state and the other states of North America is dissolved; and that the state of South Carolina has resumed her position among the nations of the world, as [a] separate and independent state, with full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do.\"\nSouth Carolina defines the causes of secession, 1860\nWhich of the following was an immediate consequence of the secession of South Carolina?\nChoices:\nA. Southern Democrats appealed to the powers of Congress to stop military action against South Carolina.\nB. Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.\nC. Other Southern states seceded from the Union, forming the Confederacy.\nD. Jefferson Davis drafted Confederate soldiers into war, defending the siege on Fort Sumter.\nAnswer:"," Other Southern states seceded from the Union, forming the Confederacy."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"On the 4th of March next this party [the Republican party] will take possession of the government. It has announced that the South shall be excluded from the common territory, that the judicial tribunal shall be made sectional, and that a war must be waged against slavery until it shall cease throughout the United States. The guarantees of the Constitution will then no longer exist; the equal rights of the states will be lost. The slaveholding states will no longer have the power of self-government or self-protection, and the federal government will have become their enemy.\n\"We, therefore, the people of South Carolina, by our delegates in convention assembled, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this state and the other states of North America is dissolved; and that the state of South Carolina has resumed her position among the nations of the world, as [a] separate and independent state, with full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do.\"\nSouth Carolina defines the causes of secession, 1860\nWhich of the following was an immediate consequence of the secession of South Carolina?\nChoices:\nA. Southern Democrats appealed to the powers of Congress to stop military action against South Carolina.\nB. Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.\nC. Other Southern states seceded from the Union, forming the Confederacy.\nD. Jefferson Davis drafted Confederate soldiers into war, defending the siege on Fort Sumter.\nAnswer:"," Jefferson Davis drafted Confederate soldiers into war, defending the siege on Fort Sumter."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nTonight, the daughter of a woman whose highest goal was a future for her children talks to our nation's oldest political party about a future for us all. Tonight, the daughter of working Americans tells all Americans that the future is within our reach, if we're willing to reach for it. Tonight, the daughter of an immigrant from Italy has been chosen to run for (vice) president in the new land my father came to love.\u2026 Americans want to live by the same set of rules. But under this administration, the rules are rigged against too many of our people. It isn't right that every year the share of taxes paid by individual citizens is going up, while the share paid by large corporations is getting smaller and smaller.\u2026 It isn't right that young couples question whether to bring children into a world of 50,000 nuclear warheads. That isn't the vision for which Americans have struggled for more than two centuries.\u2026 Tonight, we reclaim our dream. We're going to make the rules of American life work for all Americans again.\u2026 The issue is not what America can do for women, but what women can do for America.\n\u2014Geraldine Ferraro, Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address, July 19, 1984\nThe nomination of Geraldine Ferraro for vice president was most directly a continuation of which of the following?\nChoices:\nA. The successful assimilation of immigrants to the United States\nB. The struggle for civil rights for ethnic minorities\nC. Increased economic and political opportunities for women\nD. The increasing democratization of the political nomination process\nAnswer:"," The successful assimilation of immigrants to the United States"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nTonight, the daughter of a woman whose highest goal was a future for her children talks to our nation's oldest political party about a future for us all. Tonight, the daughter of working Americans tells all Americans that the future is within our reach, if we're willing to reach for it. Tonight, the daughter of an immigrant from Italy has been chosen to run for (vice) president in the new land my father came to love.\u2026 Americans want to live by the same set of rules. But under this administration, the rules are rigged against too many of our people. It isn't right that every year the share of taxes paid by individual citizens is going up, while the share paid by large corporations is getting smaller and smaller.\u2026 It isn't right that young couples question whether to bring children into a world of 50,000 nuclear warheads. That isn't the vision for which Americans have struggled for more than two centuries.\u2026 Tonight, we reclaim our dream. We're going to make the rules of American life work for all Americans again.\u2026 The issue is not what America can do for women, but what women can do for America.\n\u2014Geraldine Ferraro, Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address, July 19, 1984\nThe nomination of Geraldine Ferraro for vice president was most directly a continuation of which of the following?\nChoices:\nA. The successful assimilation of immigrants to the United States\nB. The struggle for civil rights for ethnic minorities\nC. Increased economic and political opportunities for women\nD. The increasing democratization of the political nomination process\nAnswer:"," The struggle for civil rights for ethnic minorities"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nTonight, the daughter of a woman whose highest goal was a future for her children talks to our nation's oldest political party about a future for us all. Tonight, the daughter of working Americans tells all Americans that the future is within our reach, if we're willing to reach for it. Tonight, the daughter of an immigrant from Italy has been chosen to run for (vice) president in the new land my father came to love.\u2026 Americans want to live by the same set of rules. But under this administration, the rules are rigged against too many of our people. It isn't right that every year the share of taxes paid by individual citizens is going up, while the share paid by large corporations is getting smaller and smaller.\u2026 It isn't right that young couples question whether to bring children into a world of 50,000 nuclear warheads. That isn't the vision for which Americans have struggled for more than two centuries.\u2026 Tonight, we reclaim our dream. We're going to make the rules of American life work for all Americans again.\u2026 The issue is not what America can do for women, but what women can do for America.\n\u2014Geraldine Ferraro, Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address, July 19, 1984\nThe nomination of Geraldine Ferraro for vice president was most directly a continuation of which of the following?\nChoices:\nA. The successful assimilation of immigrants to the United States\nB. The struggle for civil rights for ethnic minorities\nC. Increased economic and political opportunities for women\nD. The increasing democratization of the political nomination process\nAnswer:"," Increased economic and political opportunities for women"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nTonight, the daughter of a woman whose highest goal was a future for her children talks to our nation's oldest political party about a future for us all. Tonight, the daughter of working Americans tells all Americans that the future is within our reach, if we're willing to reach for it. Tonight, the daughter of an immigrant from Italy has been chosen to run for (vice) president in the new land my father came to love.\u2026 Americans want to live by the same set of rules. But under this administration, the rules are rigged against too many of our people. It isn't right that every year the share of taxes paid by individual citizens is going up, while the share paid by large corporations is getting smaller and smaller.\u2026 It isn't right that young couples question whether to bring children into a world of 50,000 nuclear warheads. That isn't the vision for which Americans have struggled for more than two centuries.\u2026 Tonight, we reclaim our dream. We're going to make the rules of American life work for all Americans again.\u2026 The issue is not what America can do for women, but what women can do for America.\n\u2014Geraldine Ferraro, Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address, July 19, 1984\nThe nomination of Geraldine Ferraro for vice president was most directly a continuation of which of the following?\nChoices:\nA. The successful assimilation of immigrants to the United States\nB. The struggle for civil rights for ethnic minorities\nC. Increased economic and political opportunities for women\nD. The increasing democratization of the political nomination process\nAnswer:"," The increasing democratization of the political nomination process"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"I marvel not a little, right worshipful, that since the first discovery of America (which is now full four score and ten years), after so great conquests and plantings of the Spaniards and Portuguese there, that we of England could never have the grace to set fast footing in such fertile and temperate places as are left as yet unpossessed of them. But . . . I conceive great hope that the time approacheth and now is that we of England may share and part stakes [divide the prize] (if we will ourselves) both with the Spaniard and the Portuguese in part of America and other regions as yet undiscovered.\n\"And surely if there were in us that desire to advance the honor of our country which ought to be in every good man, we would not all this while have [neglected] the possessing of these lands which of equity and right appertain unto us, as by the discourses that follow shall appear most plainly.\"\n\u2014Richard Hakluyt, Divers Voyages Touching the Discovery of America and the Islands Adjacent, 1582\nBy following the ideas of Richard Hakluyt, England was eventually able to\nChoices:\nA. drive the French and Portuguese governments into bankruptcy.\nB. conquer large parts of Africa in the eighteenth century.\nC. establish several colonies along the Atlantic coastline of North America.\nD. destroy the Dutch commercial empire.\nAnswer:"," drive the French and Portuguese governments into bankruptcy."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"I marvel not a little, right worshipful, that since the first discovery of America (which is now full four score and ten years), after so great conquests and plantings of the Spaniards and Portuguese there, that we of England could never have the grace to set fast footing in such fertile and temperate places as are left as yet unpossessed of them. But . . . I conceive great hope that the time approacheth and now is that we of England may share and part stakes [divide the prize] (if we will ourselves) both with the Spaniard and the Portuguese in part of America and other regions as yet undiscovered.\n\"And surely if there were in us that desire to advance the honor of our country which ought to be in every good man, we would not all this while have [neglected] the possessing of these lands which of equity and right appertain unto us, as by the discourses that follow shall appear most plainly.\"\n\u2014Richard Hakluyt, Divers Voyages Touching the Discovery of America and the Islands Adjacent, 1582\nBy following the ideas of Richard Hakluyt, England was eventually able to\nChoices:\nA. drive the French and Portuguese governments into bankruptcy.\nB. conquer large parts of Africa in the eighteenth century.\nC. establish several colonies along the Atlantic coastline of North America.\nD. destroy the Dutch commercial empire.\nAnswer:"," conquer large parts of Africa in the eighteenth century."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"I marvel not a little, right worshipful, that since the first discovery of America (which is now full four score and ten years), after so great conquests and plantings of the Spaniards and Portuguese there, that we of England could never have the grace to set fast footing in such fertile and temperate places as are left as yet unpossessed of them. But . . . I conceive great hope that the time approacheth and now is that we of England may share and part stakes [divide the prize] (if we will ourselves) both with the Spaniard and the Portuguese in part of America and other regions as yet undiscovered.\n\"And surely if there were in us that desire to advance the honor of our country which ought to be in every good man, we would not all this while have [neglected] the possessing of these lands which of equity and right appertain unto us, as by the discourses that follow shall appear most plainly.\"\n\u2014Richard Hakluyt, Divers Voyages Touching the Discovery of America and the Islands Adjacent, 1582\nBy following the ideas of Richard Hakluyt, England was eventually able to\nChoices:\nA. drive the French and Portuguese governments into bankruptcy.\nB. conquer large parts of Africa in the eighteenth century.\nC. establish several colonies along the Atlantic coastline of North America.\nD. destroy the Dutch commercial empire.\nAnswer:"," establish several colonies along the Atlantic coastline of North America."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"I marvel not a little, right worshipful, that since the first discovery of America (which is now full four score and ten years), after so great conquests and plantings of the Spaniards and Portuguese there, that we of England could never have the grace to set fast footing in such fertile and temperate places as are left as yet unpossessed of them. But . . . I conceive great hope that the time approacheth and now is that we of England may share and part stakes [divide the prize] (if we will ourselves) both with the Spaniard and the Portuguese in part of America and other regions as yet undiscovered.\n\"And surely if there were in us that desire to advance the honor of our country which ought to be in every good man, we would not all this while have [neglected] the possessing of these lands which of equity and right appertain unto us, as by the discourses that follow shall appear most plainly.\"\n\u2014Richard Hakluyt, Divers Voyages Touching the Discovery of America and the Islands Adjacent, 1582\nBy following the ideas of Richard Hakluyt, England was eventually able to\nChoices:\nA. drive the French and Portuguese governments into bankruptcy.\nB. conquer large parts of Africa in the eighteenth century.\nC. establish several colonies along the Atlantic coastline of North America.\nD. destroy the Dutch commercial empire.\nAnswer:"," destroy the Dutch commercial empire."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"We have witnessed for more than a quarter of a century the struggles of the two great political parties for power and plunder, while grievous wrongs have been inflicted upon the suffering people. We charge that the controlling influences dominating both these parties have permitted the existing dreadful conditions to develop without serious effort to prevent or restrain them. Neither do they now promise us any substantial reform. They have agreed together to ignore, in the coming campaign, every issue but one. They propose to drown the outcries of a plundered people with the uproar of a sham battle over the tariff, so that capitalists, corporations, national banks, rings, trusts, watered stock, the demonetization of silver and the oppressions of the usurers may all be lost sight of. They propose to sacrifice our homes, lives, and children on the altar of mammon; to destroy the multitude in order to secure corruption funds from the millionaires.\n\"Assembled on the anniversary of the birthday of the nation, and filled with the spirit of the grand general and chief who established our independence, we seek to restore the government of the Republic to the hands of 'the plain people,' with which class it originated. We assert our purposes to be identical with the purposes of the National Constitution; to form a more perfect union and establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity.\"\nPopulist Party Platform, 1892\nThe \"free silver\" campaign of 1896 received its greatest popular support from\nChoices:\nA. New England businessmen, who were discriminated against under the existing banking system\nB. Southern women, who incorporated it into a larger campaign for economic equality\nC. bankers, who had run out of paper currency to invest\nD. farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens\nAnswer:"," New England businessmen, who were discriminated against under the existing banking system"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"We have witnessed for more than a quarter of a century the struggles of the two great political parties for power and plunder, while grievous wrongs have been inflicted upon the suffering people. We charge that the controlling influences dominating both these parties have permitted the existing dreadful conditions to develop without serious effort to prevent or restrain them. Neither do they now promise us any substantial reform. They have agreed together to ignore, in the coming campaign, every issue but one. They propose to drown the outcries of a plundered people with the uproar of a sham battle over the tariff, so that capitalists, corporations, national banks, rings, trusts, watered stock, the demonetization of silver and the oppressions of the usurers may all be lost sight of. They propose to sacrifice our homes, lives, and children on the altar of mammon; to destroy the multitude in order to secure corruption funds from the millionaires.\n\"Assembled on the anniversary of the birthday of the nation, and filled with the spirit of the grand general and chief who established our independence, we seek to restore the government of the Republic to the hands of 'the plain people,' with which class it originated. We assert our purposes to be identical with the purposes of the National Constitution; to form a more perfect union and establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity.\"\nPopulist Party Platform, 1892\nThe \"free silver\" campaign of 1896 received its greatest popular support from\nChoices:\nA. New England businessmen, who were discriminated against under the existing banking system\nB. Southern women, who incorporated it into a larger campaign for economic equality\nC. bankers, who had run out of paper currency to invest\nD. farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens\nAnswer:"," Southern women, who incorporated it into a larger campaign for economic equality"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"We have witnessed for more than a quarter of a century the struggles of the two great political parties for power and plunder, while grievous wrongs have been inflicted upon the suffering people. We charge that the controlling influences dominating both these parties have permitted the existing dreadful conditions to develop without serious effort to prevent or restrain them. Neither do they now promise us any substantial reform. They have agreed together to ignore, in the coming campaign, every issue but one. They propose to drown the outcries of a plundered people with the uproar of a sham battle over the tariff, so that capitalists, corporations, national banks, rings, trusts, watered stock, the demonetization of silver and the oppressions of the usurers may all be lost sight of. They propose to sacrifice our homes, lives, and children on the altar of mammon; to destroy the multitude in order to secure corruption funds from the millionaires.\n\"Assembled on the anniversary of the birthday of the nation, and filled with the spirit of the grand general and chief who established our independence, we seek to restore the government of the Republic to the hands of 'the plain people,' with which class it originated. We assert our purposes to be identical with the purposes of the National Constitution; to form a more perfect union and establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity.\"\nPopulist Party Platform, 1892\nThe \"free silver\" campaign of 1896 received its greatest popular support from\nChoices:\nA. New England businessmen, who were discriminated against under the existing banking system\nB. Southern women, who incorporated it into a larger campaign for economic equality\nC. bankers, who had run out of paper currency to invest\nD. farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens\nAnswer:"," bankers, who had run out of paper currency to invest"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"We have witnessed for more than a quarter of a century the struggles of the two great political parties for power and plunder, while grievous wrongs have been inflicted upon the suffering people. We charge that the controlling influences dominating both these parties have permitted the existing dreadful conditions to develop without serious effort to prevent or restrain them. Neither do they now promise us any substantial reform. They have agreed together to ignore, in the coming campaign, every issue but one. They propose to drown the outcries of a plundered people with the uproar of a sham battle over the tariff, so that capitalists, corporations, national banks, rings, trusts, watered stock, the demonetization of silver and the oppressions of the usurers may all be lost sight of. They propose to sacrifice our homes, lives, and children on the altar of mammon; to destroy the multitude in order to secure corruption funds from the millionaires.\n\"Assembled on the anniversary of the birthday of the nation, and filled with the spirit of the grand general and chief who established our independence, we seek to restore the government of the Republic to the hands of 'the plain people,' with which class it originated. We assert our purposes to be identical with the purposes of the National Constitution; to form a more perfect union and establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity.\"\nPopulist Party Platform, 1892\nThe \"free silver\" campaign of 1896 received its greatest popular support from\nChoices:\nA. New England businessmen, who were discriminated against under the existing banking system\nB. Southern women, who incorporated it into a larger campaign for economic equality\nC. bankers, who had run out of paper currency to invest\nD. farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens\nAnswer:"," farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens"]]
[["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The struggle against neo-colonialism is not aimed at excluding the capital of the developed world from operating in less developed countries. It is aimed at preventing the financial power of the developed countries being used in such a way as to impoverish the less developed.\nNon-alignment, as practiced by Ghana and many other countries, is based on co-operation with all States whether they be capitalist, socialist or have a mixed economy. Such a policy, therefore, involves foreign investment from capitalist countries, but it must be invested in accordance with a national plan drawn up by the government of the non-aligned State with its own interests in mind. The issue is not what return the foreign investor receives on his investments\u2026The question is one of power. A State in the grip of neo-colonialism is not master of its own destiny.\"\nKwame Nkrumah, Neo-Colonialism, 1965\nWhich of the following most inspired the national plan advanced by Nkrumah in the second paragraph?\nChoices:\nA. Fascism\nB. Social Darwinism\nC. Classical liberalism\nD. Socialism\nAnswer:"," Fascism"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The struggle against neo-colonialism is not aimed at excluding the capital of the developed world from operating in less developed countries. It is aimed at preventing the financial power of the developed countries being used in such a way as to impoverish the less developed.\nNon-alignment, as practiced by Ghana and many other countries, is based on co-operation with all States whether they be capitalist, socialist or have a mixed economy. Such a policy, therefore, involves foreign investment from capitalist countries, but it must be invested in accordance with a national plan drawn up by the government of the non-aligned State with its own interests in mind. The issue is not what return the foreign investor receives on his investments\u2026The question is one of power. A State in the grip of neo-colonialism is not master of its own destiny.\"\nKwame Nkrumah, Neo-Colonialism, 1965\nWhich of the following most inspired the national plan advanced by Nkrumah in the second paragraph?\nChoices:\nA. Fascism\nB. Social Darwinism\nC. Classical liberalism\nD. Socialism\nAnswer:"," Social Darwinism"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The struggle against neo-colonialism is not aimed at excluding the capital of the developed world from operating in less developed countries. It is aimed at preventing the financial power of the developed countries being used in such a way as to impoverish the less developed.\nNon-alignment, as practiced by Ghana and many other countries, is based on co-operation with all States whether they be capitalist, socialist or have a mixed economy. Such a policy, therefore, involves foreign investment from capitalist countries, but it must be invested in accordance with a national plan drawn up by the government of the non-aligned State with its own interests in mind. The issue is not what return the foreign investor receives on his investments\u2026The question is one of power. A State in the grip of neo-colonialism is not master of its own destiny.\"\nKwame Nkrumah, Neo-Colonialism, 1965\nWhich of the following most inspired the national plan advanced by Nkrumah in the second paragraph?\nChoices:\nA. Fascism\nB. Social Darwinism\nC. Classical liberalism\nD. Socialism\nAnswer:"," Classical liberalism"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"The struggle against neo-colonialism is not aimed at excluding the capital of the developed world from operating in less developed countries. It is aimed at preventing the financial power of the developed countries being used in such a way as to impoverish the less developed.\nNon-alignment, as practiced by Ghana and many other countries, is based on co-operation with all States whether they be capitalist, socialist or have a mixed economy. Such a policy, therefore, involves foreign investment from capitalist countries, but it must be invested in accordance with a national plan drawn up by the government of the non-aligned State with its own interests in mind. The issue is not what return the foreign investor receives on his investments\u2026The question is one of power. A State in the grip of neo-colonialism is not master of its own destiny.\"\nKwame Nkrumah, Neo-Colonialism, 1965\nWhich of the following most inspired the national plan advanced by Nkrumah in the second paragraph?\nChoices:\nA. Fascism\nB. Social Darwinism\nC. Classical liberalism\nD. Socialism\nAnswer:"," Socialism"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"Thereupon it was declared by the above-mentioned representatives of the aforesaid King and Queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Sicily, Granada, etc., and of the aforesaid King of Portugal and the Algarves, etc.:\n[I.] That, whereas a certain controversy exists between the said lords, their constituents, as to what lands, of all those discovered in the ocean sea up to the present day, the date of this treaty, pertain to each one of the said parts respectively; therefore, for the sake of peace and concord, and for the preservation of the relationship and love of the said King of Portugal for the said King and Queen of Castile, Aragon, etc., it being the pleasure of their Highnesses, they, their said representatives, acting in their name and by virtue of their powers herein described, covenanted and agreed that a boundary or straight line be determined and drawn north and south, from pole to pole, on the said ocean sea, from the Arctic to the Antarctic pole. This boundary or line shall be drawn straight, as aforesaid, at a distance of three hundred and seventy leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands, being calculated by degrees, or by any other manner as may be considered the best and readiest, provided the distance shall be no greater than abovesaid. And all lands, both islands and mainlands, found and discovered already, or to be found and discovered hereafter, by the said King of Portugal and by his vessels on this side of the said line and bound determined as above, toward the east, in either north or south latitude, on the eastern side of the said bound provided the said bound is not crossed, shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to, the said King of Portugal and his successors. And all other lands, both islands and mainlands, found or to be found hereafter, discovered or to be discovered hereafter, which have been discovered or shall be discovered by the said King and Queen of Castile, Aragon, etc., and by their vessels, on the western side of the said bound, determined as above, after having passed the said bound toward the west, in either its north or south latitude, shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to, the said King and Queen of Castile, Leon, etc., and to their successors.\"\nTreaty of Tordesillas, 1494\nWhich of the following inferences best explains the reason the King of Portugal insisted on Portuguese control of territory east of the demarcation line?\nChoices:\nA. Portuguese explorers were convinced that the route to the New World was easier traveled by going east.\nB. The Portuguese desired to continue the crusades against the Mamelukes who controlled the Holy Land.\nC. The Portuguese desired control of the wealthy lands of Mexico.\nD. The Portuguese knew of a route to India via the Cape of Good Hope in the south of Africa.\nAnswer:"," Portuguese explorers were convinced that the route to the New World was easier traveled by going east."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"Thereupon it was declared by the above-mentioned representatives of the aforesaid King and Queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Sicily, Granada, etc., and of the aforesaid King of Portugal and the Algarves, etc.:\n[I.] That, whereas a certain controversy exists between the said lords, their constituents, as to what lands, of all those discovered in the ocean sea up to the present day, the date of this treaty, pertain to each one of the said parts respectively; therefore, for the sake of peace and concord, and for the preservation of the relationship and love of the said King of Portugal for the said King and Queen of Castile, Aragon, etc., it being the pleasure of their Highnesses, they, their said representatives, acting in their name and by virtue of their powers herein described, covenanted and agreed that a boundary or straight line be determined and drawn north and south, from pole to pole, on the said ocean sea, from the Arctic to the Antarctic pole. This boundary or line shall be drawn straight, as aforesaid, at a distance of three hundred and seventy leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands, being calculated by degrees, or by any other manner as may be considered the best and readiest, provided the distance shall be no greater than abovesaid. And all lands, both islands and mainlands, found and discovered already, or to be found and discovered hereafter, by the said King of Portugal and by his vessels on this side of the said line and bound determined as above, toward the east, in either north or south latitude, on the eastern side of the said bound provided the said bound is not crossed, shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to, the said King of Portugal and his successors. And all other lands, both islands and mainlands, found or to be found hereafter, discovered or to be discovered hereafter, which have been discovered or shall be discovered by the said King and Queen of Castile, Aragon, etc., and by their vessels, on the western side of the said bound, determined as above, after having passed the said bound toward the west, in either its north or south latitude, shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to, the said King and Queen of Castile, Leon, etc., and to their successors.\"\nTreaty of Tordesillas, 1494\nWhich of the following inferences best explains the reason the King of Portugal insisted on Portuguese control of territory east of the demarcation line?\nChoices:\nA. Portuguese explorers were convinced that the route to the New World was easier traveled by going east.\nB. The Portuguese desired to continue the crusades against the Mamelukes who controlled the Holy Land.\nC. The Portuguese desired control of the wealthy lands of Mexico.\nD. The Portuguese knew of a route to India via the Cape of Good Hope in the south of Africa.\nAnswer:"," The Portuguese desired to continue the crusades against the Mamelukes who controlled the Holy Land."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"Thereupon it was declared by the above-mentioned representatives of the aforesaid King and Queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Sicily, Granada, etc., and of the aforesaid King of Portugal and the Algarves, etc.:\n[I.] That, whereas a certain controversy exists between the said lords, their constituents, as to what lands, of all those discovered in the ocean sea up to the present day, the date of this treaty, pertain to each one of the said parts respectively; therefore, for the sake of peace and concord, and for the preservation of the relationship and love of the said King of Portugal for the said King and Queen of Castile, Aragon, etc., it being the pleasure of their Highnesses, they, their said representatives, acting in their name and by virtue of their powers herein described, covenanted and agreed that a boundary or straight line be determined and drawn north and south, from pole to pole, on the said ocean sea, from the Arctic to the Antarctic pole. This boundary or line shall be drawn straight, as aforesaid, at a distance of three hundred and seventy leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands, being calculated by degrees, or by any other manner as may be considered the best and readiest, provided the distance shall be no greater than abovesaid. And all lands, both islands and mainlands, found and discovered already, or to be found and discovered hereafter, by the said King of Portugal and by his vessels on this side of the said line and bound determined as above, toward the east, in either north or south latitude, on the eastern side of the said bound provided the said bound is not crossed, shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to, the said King of Portugal and his successors. And all other lands, both islands and mainlands, found or to be found hereafter, discovered or to be discovered hereafter, which have been discovered or shall be discovered by the said King and Queen of Castile, Aragon, etc., and by their vessels, on the western side of the said bound, determined as above, after having passed the said bound toward the west, in either its north or south latitude, shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to, the said King and Queen of Castile, Leon, etc., and to their successors.\"\nTreaty of Tordesillas, 1494\nWhich of the following inferences best explains the reason the King of Portugal insisted on Portuguese control of territory east of the demarcation line?\nChoices:\nA. Portuguese explorers were convinced that the route to the New World was easier traveled by going east.\nB. The Portuguese desired to continue the crusades against the Mamelukes who controlled the Holy Land.\nC. The Portuguese desired control of the wealthy lands of Mexico.\nD. The Portuguese knew of a route to India via the Cape of Good Hope in the south of Africa.\nAnswer:"," The Portuguese desired control of the wealthy lands of Mexico."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"Thereupon it was declared by the above-mentioned representatives of the aforesaid King and Queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Sicily, Granada, etc., and of the aforesaid King of Portugal and the Algarves, etc.:\n[I.] That, whereas a certain controversy exists between the said lords, their constituents, as to what lands, of all those discovered in the ocean sea up to the present day, the date of this treaty, pertain to each one of the said parts respectively; therefore, for the sake of peace and concord, and for the preservation of the relationship and love of the said King of Portugal for the said King and Queen of Castile, Aragon, etc., it being the pleasure of their Highnesses, they, their said representatives, acting in their name and by virtue of their powers herein described, covenanted and agreed that a boundary or straight line be determined and drawn north and south, from pole to pole, on the said ocean sea, from the Arctic to the Antarctic pole. This boundary or line shall be drawn straight, as aforesaid, at a distance of three hundred and seventy leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands, being calculated by degrees, or by any other manner as may be considered the best and readiest, provided the distance shall be no greater than abovesaid. And all lands, both islands and mainlands, found and discovered already, or to be found and discovered hereafter, by the said King of Portugal and by his vessels on this side of the said line and bound determined as above, toward the east, in either north or south latitude, on the eastern side of the said bound provided the said bound is not crossed, shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to, the said King of Portugal and his successors. And all other lands, both islands and mainlands, found or to be found hereafter, discovered or to be discovered hereafter, which have been discovered or shall be discovered by the said King and Queen of Castile, Aragon, etc., and by their vessels, on the western side of the said bound, determined as above, after having passed the said bound toward the west, in either its north or south latitude, shall belong to, and remain in the possession of, and pertain forever to, the said King and Queen of Castile, Leon, etc., and to their successors.\"\nTreaty of Tordesillas, 1494\nWhich of the following inferences best explains the reason the King of Portugal insisted on Portuguese control of territory east of the demarcation line?\nChoices:\nA. Portuguese explorers were convinced that the route to the New World was easier traveled by going east.\nB. The Portuguese desired to continue the crusades against the Mamelukes who controlled the Holy Land.\nC. The Portuguese desired control of the wealthy lands of Mexico.\nD. The Portuguese knew of a route to India via the Cape of Good Hope in the south of Africa.\nAnswer:"," The Portuguese knew of a route to India via the Cape of Good Hope in the south of Africa."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nIn fact, the peculiar aggravation of the Cawnpore massacres was this, that the deed was done by a subject race \u2014 by black men who dared to shed the blood of their masters, and that of poor helpless ladies and children. Here we had not only a servile war, but we had a war of religion, a war of race, and a war of revenge, of hope, of national promptings to shake off the yoke of a stranger, and to re-establish the full power of native chiefs, and the full sway of native religions. Whatever the causes of the mutiny and the revolt, it is clear enough that one of the modes by which the leaders, as if by common instinct, determined to effect their end was, the destruction of every white man, woman or child who fell into their hands.\nBritish journalist William Howard Russell, My Indian Mutlny Diary, 1860\nViolence, it must be emphasized, was an essential component of the British presence in India. A dominant power is always uneasy with violence directed against it. The right to violence is, therefore, everywhere a privilege that authority enjoys and refuses to share with those under it: power always insists on violence as its exclusive monopoly. British rule in India, as an autocracy, had meticulously constructed a monopoly of violence. The revolt of 1857 shattered that monopoly by matching an official, alien violence by an indigenous violence of the colonized. The bodies of the British had acquired certain dignities in India that were predestined by birth and by the colour of their skin. This was the condition of their domination, of their superiority: rulers and ruled were arranged hierarchically as superior and inferior races, as civilized and uncivilized. And this superiority manifested itself by denying to the Indians a \"humanness\"; by treating them and conceiving of them as animals.\nRudrangshu Mukherjee, \"The Kanpur [Cawnpore] Massacres in India in the Revolt of 1857,\" 1990\nAccording to the second passage, the Cawnpore Massacre\nChoices:\nA. was justifiable according to local military custom, even if it violated Western military norms.\nB. can be viewed as a reaction to the systemic brute force with which the British governed India.\nC. should be praised as a brave patriotic blow against British colonial oppression.\nD. seems to have been the product of a well-organized and long-premeditated conspiracy.\nAnswer:"," was justifiable according to local military custom, even if it violated Western military norms."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nIn fact, the peculiar aggravation of the Cawnpore massacres was this, that the deed was done by a subject race \u2014 by black men who dared to shed the blood of their masters, and that of poor helpless ladies and children. Here we had not only a servile war, but we had a war of religion, a war of race, and a war of revenge, of hope, of national promptings to shake off the yoke of a stranger, and to re-establish the full power of native chiefs, and the full sway of native religions. Whatever the causes of the mutiny and the revolt, it is clear enough that one of the modes by which the leaders, as if by common instinct, determined to effect their end was, the destruction of every white man, woman or child who fell into their hands.\nBritish journalist William Howard Russell, My Indian Mutlny Diary, 1860\nViolence, it must be emphasized, was an essential component of the British presence in India. A dominant power is always uneasy with violence directed against it. The right to violence is, therefore, everywhere a privilege that authority enjoys and refuses to share with those under it: power always insists on violence as its exclusive monopoly. British rule in India, as an autocracy, had meticulously constructed a monopoly of violence. The revolt of 1857 shattered that monopoly by matching an official, alien violence by an indigenous violence of the colonized. The bodies of the British had acquired certain dignities in India that were predestined by birth and by the colour of their skin. This was the condition of their domination, of their superiority: rulers and ruled were arranged hierarchically as superior and inferior races, as civilized and uncivilized. And this superiority manifested itself by denying to the Indians a \"humanness\"; by treating them and conceiving of them as animals.\nRudrangshu Mukherjee, \"The Kanpur [Cawnpore] Massacres in India in the Revolt of 1857,\" 1990\nAccording to the second passage, the Cawnpore Massacre\nChoices:\nA. was justifiable according to local military custom, even if it violated Western military norms.\nB. can be viewed as a reaction to the systemic brute force with which the British governed India.\nC. should be praised as a brave patriotic blow against British colonial oppression.\nD. seems to have been the product of a well-organized and long-premeditated conspiracy.\nAnswer:"," can be viewed as a reaction to the systemic brute force with which the British governed India."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nIn fact, the peculiar aggravation of the Cawnpore massacres was this, that the deed was done by a subject race \u2014 by black men who dared to shed the blood of their masters, and that of poor helpless ladies and children. Here we had not only a servile war, but we had a war of religion, a war of race, and a war of revenge, of hope, of national promptings to shake off the yoke of a stranger, and to re-establish the full power of native chiefs, and the full sway of native religions. Whatever the causes of the mutiny and the revolt, it is clear enough that one of the modes by which the leaders, as if by common instinct, determined to effect their end was, the destruction of every white man, woman or child who fell into their hands.\nBritish journalist William Howard Russell, My Indian Mutlny Diary, 1860\nViolence, it must be emphasized, was an essential component of the British presence in India. A dominant power is always uneasy with violence directed against it. The right to violence is, therefore, everywhere a privilege that authority enjoys and refuses to share with those under it: power always insists on violence as its exclusive monopoly. British rule in India, as an autocracy, had meticulously constructed a monopoly of violence. The revolt of 1857 shattered that monopoly by matching an official, alien violence by an indigenous violence of the colonized. The bodies of the British had acquired certain dignities in India that were predestined by birth and by the colour of their skin. This was the condition of their domination, of their superiority: rulers and ruled were arranged hierarchically as superior and inferior races, as civilized and uncivilized. And this superiority manifested itself by denying to the Indians a \"humanness\"; by treating them and conceiving of them as animals.\nRudrangshu Mukherjee, \"The Kanpur [Cawnpore] Massacres in India in the Revolt of 1857,\" 1990\nAccording to the second passage, the Cawnpore Massacre\nChoices:\nA. was justifiable according to local military custom, even if it violated Western military norms.\nB. can be viewed as a reaction to the systemic brute force with which the British governed India.\nC. should be praised as a brave patriotic blow against British colonial oppression.\nD. seems to have been the product of a well-organized and long-premeditated conspiracy.\nAnswer:"," should be praised as a brave patriotic blow against British colonial oppression."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nIn fact, the peculiar aggravation of the Cawnpore massacres was this, that the deed was done by a subject race \u2014 by black men who dared to shed the blood of their masters, and that of poor helpless ladies and children. Here we had not only a servile war, but we had a war of religion, a war of race, and a war of revenge, of hope, of national promptings to shake off the yoke of a stranger, and to re-establish the full power of native chiefs, and the full sway of native religions. Whatever the causes of the mutiny and the revolt, it is clear enough that one of the modes by which the leaders, as if by common instinct, determined to effect their end was, the destruction of every white man, woman or child who fell into their hands.\nBritish journalist William Howard Russell, My Indian Mutlny Diary, 1860\nViolence, it must be emphasized, was an essential component of the British presence in India. A dominant power is always uneasy with violence directed against it. The right to violence is, therefore, everywhere a privilege that authority enjoys and refuses to share with those under it: power always insists on violence as its exclusive monopoly. British rule in India, as an autocracy, had meticulously constructed a monopoly of violence. The revolt of 1857 shattered that monopoly by matching an official, alien violence by an indigenous violence of the colonized. The bodies of the British had acquired certain dignities in India that were predestined by birth and by the colour of their skin. This was the condition of their domination, of their superiority: rulers and ruled were arranged hierarchically as superior and inferior races, as civilized and uncivilized. And this superiority manifested itself by denying to the Indians a \"humanness\"; by treating them and conceiving of them as animals.\nRudrangshu Mukherjee, \"The Kanpur [Cawnpore] Massacres in India in the Revolt of 1857,\" 1990\nAccording to the second passage, the Cawnpore Massacre\nChoices:\nA. was justifiable according to local military custom, even if it violated Western military norms.\nB. can be viewed as a reaction to the systemic brute force with which the British governed India.\nC. should be praised as a brave patriotic blow against British colonial oppression.\nD. seems to have been the product of a well-organized and long-premeditated conspiracy.\nAnswer:"," seems to have been the product of a well-organized and long-premeditated conspiracy."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nHe contains all works and desires and all perfumes and all tastes. He enfolds the whole universe and in silence is loving to all. This is the Spirit that is in my heart, this is Brahman. To him I shall come when I go beyond this life, and to him will come he who has faith and doubts not.\n\u2014The Upanishads, India, c. 1000 BCE\nBased on the quotation, which statement is true of the speaker's religion?\nChoices:\nA. Salvation is based on the correct completion of rituals.\nB. There is an expectation of an afterlife.\nC. Right actions and right speech earn favor with the gods.\nD. It is a polytheistic religion.\nAnswer:"," Salvation is based on the correct completion of rituals."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nHe contains all works and desires and all perfumes and all tastes. He enfolds the whole universe and in silence is loving to all. This is the Spirit that is in my heart, this is Brahman. To him I shall come when I go beyond this life, and to him will come he who has faith and doubts not.\n\u2014The Upanishads, India, c. 1000 BCE\nBased on the quotation, which statement is true of the speaker's religion?\nChoices:\nA. Salvation is based on the correct completion of rituals.\nB. There is an expectation of an afterlife.\nC. Right actions and right speech earn favor with the gods.\nD. It is a polytheistic religion.\nAnswer:"," There is an expectation of an afterlife."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nHe contains all works and desires and all perfumes and all tastes. He enfolds the whole universe and in silence is loving to all. This is the Spirit that is in my heart, this is Brahman. To him I shall come when I go beyond this life, and to him will come he who has faith and doubts not.\n\u2014The Upanishads, India, c. 1000 BCE\nBased on the quotation, which statement is true of the speaker's religion?\nChoices:\nA. Salvation is based on the correct completion of rituals.\nB. There is an expectation of an afterlife.\nC. Right actions and right speech earn favor with the gods.\nD. It is a polytheistic religion.\nAnswer:"," Right actions and right speech earn favor with the gods."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nHe contains all works and desires and all perfumes and all tastes. He enfolds the whole universe and in silence is loving to all. This is the Spirit that is in my heart, this is Brahman. To him I shall come when I go beyond this life, and to him will come he who has faith and doubts not.\n\u2014The Upanishads, India, c. 1000 BCE\nBased on the quotation, which statement is true of the speaker's religion?\nChoices:\nA. Salvation is based on the correct completion of rituals.\nB. There is an expectation of an afterlife.\nC. Right actions and right speech earn favor with the gods.\nD. It is a polytheistic religion.\nAnswer:"," It is a polytheistic religion."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nThe passage below is taken from testimony before Parliament.\nJoshua Drake, called in; and Examined.\nYou say you would prefer moderate labour and lower wages; are you pretty comfortable upon your present wages?\n\u2014I have no wages, but two days a week at present; but when I am working at some jobs we can make a little, and at others we do very poorly.\nWhen a child gets 3s. a week, does that go much towards its subsistence?\n\u2014No, it will not keep it as it should do.\nWhy do you allow your children to go to work at those places where they are ill-treated or over-worked?\n\u2014Necessity compels a man that has children to let them work.\nThen you would not allow your children to go to those factories under the present system, if it was not from necessity?\n\u2014No.\n\u2014Testimony given before the Sadler Committee, 1831\u201332\nWhich style of government is most associated with limited regulations on business and working conditions similar to those described in the passage?\nChoices:\nA. Laissez-faire\nB. Totalitarian\nC. Utilitarian\nD. Corporatist\nAnswer:"," Laissez-faire"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nThe passage below is taken from testimony before Parliament.\nJoshua Drake, called in; and Examined.\nYou say you would prefer moderate labour and lower wages; are you pretty comfortable upon your present wages?\n\u2014I have no wages, but two days a week at present; but when I am working at some jobs we can make a little, and at others we do very poorly.\nWhen a child gets 3s. a week, does that go much towards its subsistence?\n\u2014No, it will not keep it as it should do.\nWhy do you allow your children to go to work at those places where they are ill-treated or over-worked?\n\u2014Necessity compels a man that has children to let them work.\nThen you would not allow your children to go to those factories under the present system, if it was not from necessity?\n\u2014No.\n\u2014Testimony given before the Sadler Committee, 1831\u201332\nWhich style of government is most associated with limited regulations on business and working conditions similar to those described in the passage?\nChoices:\nA. Laissez-faire\nB. Totalitarian\nC. Utilitarian\nD. Corporatist\nAnswer:"," Totalitarian"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nThe passage below is taken from testimony before Parliament.\nJoshua Drake, called in; and Examined.\nYou say you would prefer moderate labour and lower wages; are you pretty comfortable upon your present wages?\n\u2014I have no wages, but two days a week at present; but when I am working at some jobs we can make a little, and at others we do very poorly.\nWhen a child gets 3s. a week, does that go much towards its subsistence?\n\u2014No, it will not keep it as it should do.\nWhy do you allow your children to go to work at those places where they are ill-treated or over-worked?\n\u2014Necessity compels a man that has children to let them work.\nThen you would not allow your children to go to those factories under the present system, if it was not from necessity?\n\u2014No.\n\u2014Testimony given before the Sadler Committee, 1831\u201332\nWhich style of government is most associated with limited regulations on business and working conditions similar to those described in the passage?\nChoices:\nA. Laissez-faire\nB. Totalitarian\nC. Utilitarian\nD. Corporatist\nAnswer:"," Utilitarian"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nThe passage below is taken from testimony before Parliament.\nJoshua Drake, called in; and Examined.\nYou say you would prefer moderate labour and lower wages; are you pretty comfortable upon your present wages?\n\u2014I have no wages, but two days a week at present; but when I am working at some jobs we can make a little, and at others we do very poorly.\nWhen a child gets 3s. a week, does that go much towards its subsistence?\n\u2014No, it will not keep it as it should do.\nWhy do you allow your children to go to work at those places where they are ill-treated or over-worked?\n\u2014Necessity compels a man that has children to let them work.\nThen you would not allow your children to go to those factories under the present system, if it was not from necessity?\n\u2014No.\n\u2014Testimony given before the Sadler Committee, 1831\u201332\nWhich style of government is most associated with limited regulations on business and working conditions similar to those described in the passage?\nChoices:\nA. Laissez-faire\nB. Totalitarian\nC. Utilitarian\nD. Corporatist\nAnswer:"," Corporatist"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"And then Shapur, King of Kings, passed away. Then his son Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Hormizd, King of Kings, conferred on me cap and belt and created for me a higher rank and dignity, and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, throughout the whole empire he gave me more authority and power in matters of the divine services, and created for me the title \"Kerdir, Ahura Mazda's [Chief Priest]\" after the name of Ahura Mazda, the Deity. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence, and many Warham fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd then Hormizd, King of Kings, passed away. Then Bahram, King of Kings, son of Shapur, King of Kings, and brother of Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Bahram, King of Kings, also held me in high honor and dignity and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, gave me authority and power for divine services of every sort. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence and many Warharan fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd in kingdom after kingdom and place after place throughout the whole empire the services of Ahura Mazda and the gods became preeminent, and great dignity came to the Mazdayanian religion and the magi in the empire, and the gods and water and fire and small cattle in the empire attained great satisfaction, while Ahriman [the evil counterpart to Ahura Mazda] and the demons were punished and rebuked, and the teachings of Ahriman and the demons departed from the empire and were abandoned. And Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, Nasoreans [Orthodox Christians], Christians, Maktak [Baptists], and Manichaeans in the empire were smitten, and destruction of idols and scattering of the stores of the demons and god-seats and nests was abandoned.\"\nExcerpt from the inscription of Kerdir at Naqsh-e-Rustam, Persia, late third century C.E.\nThe source best supports which of the following inferences about sources of political authority in the period circa 600 B.C.E.\u2013600 C.E.?\nChoices:\nA. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule by their sponsorship of religion and chief priests.\nB. Rulers were limited in their political authority by powerful religious figures.\nC. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule through victories over foreign peoples.\nD. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule through the consent of those they governed.\nAnswer:"," Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule by their sponsorship of religion and chief priests."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"And then Shapur, King of Kings, passed away. Then his son Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Hormizd, King of Kings, conferred on me cap and belt and created for me a higher rank and dignity, and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, throughout the whole empire he gave me more authority and power in matters of the divine services, and created for me the title \"Kerdir, Ahura Mazda's [Chief Priest]\" after the name of Ahura Mazda, the Deity. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence, and many Warham fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd then Hormizd, King of Kings, passed away. Then Bahram, King of Kings, son of Shapur, King of Kings, and brother of Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Bahram, King of Kings, also held me in high honor and dignity and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, gave me authority and power for divine services of every sort. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence and many Warharan fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd in kingdom after kingdom and place after place throughout the whole empire the services of Ahura Mazda and the gods became preeminent, and great dignity came to the Mazdayanian religion and the magi in the empire, and the gods and water and fire and small cattle in the empire attained great satisfaction, while Ahriman [the evil counterpart to Ahura Mazda] and the demons were punished and rebuked, and the teachings of Ahriman and the demons departed from the empire and were abandoned. And Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, Nasoreans [Orthodox Christians], Christians, Maktak [Baptists], and Manichaeans in the empire were smitten, and destruction of idols and scattering of the stores of the demons and god-seats and nests was abandoned.\"\nExcerpt from the inscription of Kerdir at Naqsh-e-Rustam, Persia, late third century C.E.\nThe source best supports which of the following inferences about sources of political authority in the period circa 600 B.C.E.\u2013600 C.E.?\nChoices:\nA. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule by their sponsorship of religion and chief priests.\nB. Rulers were limited in their political authority by powerful religious figures.\nC. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule through victories over foreign peoples.\nD. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule through the consent of those they governed.\nAnswer:"," Rulers were limited in their political authority by powerful religious figures."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"And then Shapur, King of Kings, passed away. Then his son Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Hormizd, King of Kings, conferred on me cap and belt and created for me a higher rank and dignity, and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, throughout the whole empire he gave me more authority and power in matters of the divine services, and created for me the title \"Kerdir, Ahura Mazda's [Chief Priest]\" after the name of Ahura Mazda, the Deity. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence, and many Warham fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd then Hormizd, King of Kings, passed away. Then Bahram, King of Kings, son of Shapur, King of Kings, and brother of Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Bahram, King of Kings, also held me in high honor and dignity and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, gave me authority and power for divine services of every sort. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence and many Warharan fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd in kingdom after kingdom and place after place throughout the whole empire the services of Ahura Mazda and the gods became preeminent, and great dignity came to the Mazdayanian religion and the magi in the empire, and the gods and water and fire and small cattle in the empire attained great satisfaction, while Ahriman [the evil counterpart to Ahura Mazda] and the demons were punished and rebuked, and the teachings of Ahriman and the demons departed from the empire and were abandoned. And Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, Nasoreans [Orthodox Christians], Christians, Maktak [Baptists], and Manichaeans in the empire were smitten, and destruction of idols and scattering of the stores of the demons and god-seats and nests was abandoned.\"\nExcerpt from the inscription of Kerdir at Naqsh-e-Rustam, Persia, late third century C.E.\nThe source best supports which of the following inferences about sources of political authority in the period circa 600 B.C.E.\u2013600 C.E.?\nChoices:\nA. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule by their sponsorship of religion and chief priests.\nB. Rulers were limited in their political authority by powerful religious figures.\nC. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule through victories over foreign peoples.\nD. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule through the consent of those they governed.\nAnswer:"," Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule through victories over foreign peoples."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"And then Shapur, King of Kings, passed away. Then his son Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Hormizd, King of Kings, conferred on me cap and belt and created for me a higher rank and dignity, and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, throughout the whole empire he gave me more authority and power in matters of the divine services, and created for me the title \"Kerdir, Ahura Mazda's [Chief Priest]\" after the name of Ahura Mazda, the Deity. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence, and many Warham fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd then Hormizd, King of Kings, passed away. Then Bahram, King of Kings, son of Shapur, King of Kings, and brother of Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Bahram, King of Kings, also held me in high honor and dignity and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, gave me authority and power for divine services of every sort. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence and many Warharan fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd in kingdom after kingdom and place after place throughout the whole empire the services of Ahura Mazda and the gods became preeminent, and great dignity came to the Mazdayanian religion and the magi in the empire, and the gods and water and fire and small cattle in the empire attained great satisfaction, while Ahriman [the evil counterpart to Ahura Mazda] and the demons were punished and rebuked, and the teachings of Ahriman and the demons departed from the empire and were abandoned. And Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, Nasoreans [Orthodox Christians], Christians, Maktak [Baptists], and Manichaeans in the empire were smitten, and destruction of idols and scattering of the stores of the demons and god-seats and nests was abandoned.\"\nExcerpt from the inscription of Kerdir at Naqsh-e-Rustam, Persia, late third century C.E.\nThe source best supports which of the following inferences about sources of political authority in the period circa 600 B.C.E.\u2013600 C.E.?\nChoices:\nA. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule by their sponsorship of religion and chief priests.\nB. Rulers were limited in their political authority by powerful religious figures.\nC. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule through victories over foreign peoples.\nD. Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule through the consent of those they governed.\nAnswer:"," Rulers derived legitimacy for their rule through the consent of those they governed."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nQuestions to the passage below, an account given to a French officer in Algeria in the 1830s by a member of an Arab slave trade caravan.\nThe Slave Trade\nAll of you [soldiers], are summoned . . . to hunt the idolatrous Koholanes [a pejorative word for \"black Africans\"]. . . . The soldiery divided themselves into two companies . . . with orders to attack places without defenses and to carry off the inhabitants as well as seizing all peasants busy cultivating their fields. . . . Whilst waiting for the return of the companies despatched to hunt Negroes, we went every day to the slave market where we bought at the following prices:\nA Negro with beard\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202610 or 15,000 cowries.\nThey are not considered as merchandise since one has little chance of preventing them from escaping.\nAn adult Negress\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..10 or 15,000 cowries for the same reasons\nAn adolescent Negro\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.30,000 cowries\nA young Negress \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202650\u201360,000 cowries\nThe price varies according to whether she is more or less beautiful.\nA male Negro child\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..45,000 cowries\nA female Negro child \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.35\u201340,000 cowries\nFinally, our caravan which had set out from Algeria with sixty-four camels and only sixteen persons, was now augmented by four hundred slaves, of whom three hundred were women. . . . It was at this point that suddenly a confused noise of cries and sobs passed from one group of slaves to another and reached our own. . . . Some rolled on the ground, clung to bushes and absolutely refused to walk. . . . They could only be got up with mighty lashes of the whip and by rendering them completely bloody.\nHow was the Arab trade in Africans different from the Atlantic slave trade?\nChoices:\nA. Unlike Arab slave merchants, those involved in the Atlantic slave trade were motivated by religion.\nB. Slaves taken for the Atlantic slave trade had no prospect of eventual liberty, but slaves taken by Arab merchants did.\nC. Slaves taken for the Atlantic trade were predominantly female; slaves taken by Arab merchants were mostly male.\nD. Slaves taken by Arab merchants were likely to have a shorter life span than those taken for the Atlantic trade.\nAnswer:"," Unlike Arab slave merchants, those involved in the Atlantic slave trade were motivated by religion."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nQuestions to the passage below, an account given to a French officer in Algeria in the 1830s by a member of an Arab slave trade caravan.\nThe Slave Trade\nAll of you [soldiers], are summoned . . . to hunt the idolatrous Koholanes [a pejorative word for \"black Africans\"]. . . . The soldiery divided themselves into two companies . . . with orders to attack places without defenses and to carry off the inhabitants as well as seizing all peasants busy cultivating their fields. . . . Whilst waiting for the return of the companies despatched to hunt Negroes, we went every day to the slave market where we bought at the following prices:\nA Negro with beard\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202610 or 15,000 cowries.\nThey are not considered as merchandise since one has little chance of preventing them from escaping.\nAn adult Negress\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..10 or 15,000 cowries for the same reasons\nAn adolescent Negro\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.30,000 cowries\nA young Negress \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202650\u201360,000 cowries\nThe price varies according to whether she is more or less beautiful.\nA male Negro child\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..45,000 cowries\nA female Negro child \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.35\u201340,000 cowries\nFinally, our caravan which had set out from Algeria with sixty-four camels and only sixteen persons, was now augmented by four hundred slaves, of whom three hundred were women. . . . It was at this point that suddenly a confused noise of cries and sobs passed from one group of slaves to another and reached our own. . . . Some rolled on the ground, clung to bushes and absolutely refused to walk. . . . They could only be got up with mighty lashes of the whip and by rendering them completely bloody.\nHow was the Arab trade in Africans different from the Atlantic slave trade?\nChoices:\nA. Unlike Arab slave merchants, those involved in the Atlantic slave trade were motivated by religion.\nB. Slaves taken for the Atlantic slave trade had no prospect of eventual liberty, but slaves taken by Arab merchants did.\nC. Slaves taken for the Atlantic trade were predominantly female; slaves taken by Arab merchants were mostly male.\nD. Slaves taken by Arab merchants were likely to have a shorter life span than those taken for the Atlantic trade.\nAnswer:"," Slaves taken for the Atlantic slave trade had no prospect of eventual liberty, but slaves taken by Arab merchants did."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nQuestions to the passage below, an account given to a French officer in Algeria in the 1830s by a member of an Arab slave trade caravan.\nThe Slave Trade\nAll of you [soldiers], are summoned . . . to hunt the idolatrous Koholanes [a pejorative word for \"black Africans\"]. . . . The soldiery divided themselves into two companies . . . with orders to attack places without defenses and to carry off the inhabitants as well as seizing all peasants busy cultivating their fields. . . . Whilst waiting for the return of the companies despatched to hunt Negroes, we went every day to the slave market where we bought at the following prices:\nA Negro with beard\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202610 or 15,000 cowries.\nThey are not considered as merchandise since one has little chance of preventing them from escaping.\nAn adult Negress\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..10 or 15,000 cowries for the same reasons\nAn adolescent Negro\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.30,000 cowries\nA young Negress \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202650\u201360,000 cowries\nThe price varies according to whether she is more or less beautiful.\nA male Negro child\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..45,000 cowries\nA female Negro child \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.35\u201340,000 cowries\nFinally, our caravan which had set out from Algeria with sixty-four camels and only sixteen persons, was now augmented by four hundred slaves, of whom three hundred were women. . . . It was at this point that suddenly a confused noise of cries and sobs passed from one group of slaves to another and reached our own. . . . Some rolled on the ground, clung to bushes and absolutely refused to walk. . . . They could only be got up with mighty lashes of the whip and by rendering them completely bloody.\nHow was the Arab trade in Africans different from the Atlantic slave trade?\nChoices:\nA. Unlike Arab slave merchants, those involved in the Atlantic slave trade were motivated by religion.\nB. Slaves taken for the Atlantic slave trade had no prospect of eventual liberty, but slaves taken by Arab merchants did.\nC. Slaves taken for the Atlantic trade were predominantly female; slaves taken by Arab merchants were mostly male.\nD. Slaves taken by Arab merchants were likely to have a shorter life span than those taken for the Atlantic trade.\nAnswer:"," Slaves taken for the Atlantic trade were predominantly female; slaves taken by Arab merchants were mostly male."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nQuestions to the passage below, an account given to a French officer in Algeria in the 1830s by a member of an Arab slave trade caravan.\nThe Slave Trade\nAll of you [soldiers], are summoned . . . to hunt the idolatrous Koholanes [a pejorative word for \"black Africans\"]. . . . The soldiery divided themselves into two companies . . . with orders to attack places without defenses and to carry off the inhabitants as well as seizing all peasants busy cultivating their fields. . . . Whilst waiting for the return of the companies despatched to hunt Negroes, we went every day to the slave market where we bought at the following prices:\nA Negro with beard\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202610 or 15,000 cowries.\nThey are not considered as merchandise since one has little chance of preventing them from escaping.\nAn adult Negress\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..10 or 15,000 cowries for the same reasons\nAn adolescent Negro\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.30,000 cowries\nA young Negress \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202650\u201360,000 cowries\nThe price varies according to whether she is more or less beautiful.\nA male Negro child\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..45,000 cowries\nA female Negro child \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.35\u201340,000 cowries\nFinally, our caravan which had set out from Algeria with sixty-four camels and only sixteen persons, was now augmented by four hundred slaves, of whom three hundred were women. . . . It was at this point that suddenly a confused noise of cries and sobs passed from one group of slaves to another and reached our own. . . . Some rolled on the ground, clung to bushes and absolutely refused to walk. . . . They could only be got up with mighty lashes of the whip and by rendering them completely bloody.\nHow was the Arab trade in Africans different from the Atlantic slave trade?\nChoices:\nA. Unlike Arab slave merchants, those involved in the Atlantic slave trade were motivated by religion.\nB. Slaves taken for the Atlantic slave trade had no prospect of eventual liberty, but slaves taken by Arab merchants did.\nC. Slaves taken for the Atlantic trade were predominantly female; slaves taken by Arab merchants were mostly male.\nD. Slaves taken by Arab merchants were likely to have a shorter life span than those taken for the Atlantic trade.\nAnswer:"," Slaves taken by Arab merchants were likely to have a shorter life span than those taken for the Atlantic trade."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"And then Shapur, King of Kings, passed away. Then his son Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Hormizd, King of Kings, conferred on me cap and belt and created for me a higher rank and dignity, and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, throughout the whole empire he gave me more authority and power in matters of the divine services, and created for me the title \"Kerdir, Ahura Mazda's [Chief Priest]\" after the name of Ahura Mazda, the Deity. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence, and many Warham fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd then Hormizd, King of Kings, passed away. Then Bahram, King of Kings, son of Shapur, King of Kings, and brother of Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Bahram, King of Kings, also held me in high honor and dignity and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, gave me authority and power for divine services of every sort. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence and many Warharan fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd in kingdom after kingdom and place after place throughout the whole empire the services of Ahura Mazda and the gods became preeminent, and great dignity came to the Mazdayanian religion and the magi in the empire, and the gods and water and fire and small cattle in the empire attained great satisfaction, while Ahriman [the evil counterpart to Ahura Mazda] and the demons were punished and rebuked, and the teachings of Ahriman and the demons departed from the empire and were abandoned. And Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, Nasoreans [Orthodox Christians], Christians, Maktak [Baptists], and Manichaeans in the empire were smitten, and destruction of idols and scattering of the stores of the demons and god-seats and nests was abandoned.\"\nExcerpt from the inscription of Kerdir at Naqsh-e-Rustam, Persia, late third century C.E.\nWhich of the following best describes Persia's relationship with Arabia in the period 600\u20131450 C.E.?\nChoices:\nA. Persian armies were largely in control of Arabia throughout the period.\nB. Persia and Arabia interacted infrequently throughout the period.\nC. Persia supported Arabian client states throughout the period.\nD. Persia was brought into the Arabian orbit over the course of the period.\nAnswer:"," Persian armies were largely in control of Arabia throughout the period."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"And then Shapur, King of Kings, passed away. Then his son Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Hormizd, King of Kings, conferred on me cap and belt and created for me a higher rank and dignity, and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, throughout the whole empire he gave me more authority and power in matters of the divine services, and created for me the title \"Kerdir, Ahura Mazda's [Chief Priest]\" after the name of Ahura Mazda, the Deity. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence, and many Warham fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd then Hormizd, King of Kings, passed away. Then Bahram, King of Kings, son of Shapur, King of Kings, and brother of Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Bahram, King of Kings, also held me in high honor and dignity and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, gave me authority and power for divine services of every sort. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence and many Warharan fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd in kingdom after kingdom and place after place throughout the whole empire the services of Ahura Mazda and the gods became preeminent, and great dignity came to the Mazdayanian religion and the magi in the empire, and the gods and water and fire and small cattle in the empire attained great satisfaction, while Ahriman [the evil counterpart to Ahura Mazda] and the demons were punished and rebuked, and the teachings of Ahriman and the demons departed from the empire and were abandoned. And Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, Nasoreans [Orthodox Christians], Christians, Maktak [Baptists], and Manichaeans in the empire were smitten, and destruction of idols and scattering of the stores of the demons and god-seats and nests was abandoned.\"\nExcerpt from the inscription of Kerdir at Naqsh-e-Rustam, Persia, late third century C.E.\nWhich of the following best describes Persia's relationship with Arabia in the period 600\u20131450 C.E.?\nChoices:\nA. Persian armies were largely in control of Arabia throughout the period.\nB. Persia and Arabia interacted infrequently throughout the period.\nC. Persia supported Arabian client states throughout the period.\nD. Persia was brought into the Arabian orbit over the course of the period.\nAnswer:"," Persia and Arabia interacted infrequently throughout the period."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"And then Shapur, King of Kings, passed away. Then his son Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Hormizd, King of Kings, conferred on me cap and belt and created for me a higher rank and dignity, and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, throughout the whole empire he gave me more authority and power in matters of the divine services, and created for me the title \"Kerdir, Ahura Mazda's [Chief Priest]\" after the name of Ahura Mazda, the Deity. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence, and many Warham fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd then Hormizd, King of Kings, passed away. Then Bahram, King of Kings, son of Shapur, King of Kings, and brother of Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Bahram, King of Kings, also held me in high honor and dignity and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, gave me authority and power for divine services of every sort. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence and many Warharan fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd in kingdom after kingdom and place after place throughout the whole empire the services of Ahura Mazda and the gods became preeminent, and great dignity came to the Mazdayanian religion and the magi in the empire, and the gods and water and fire and small cattle in the empire attained great satisfaction, while Ahriman [the evil counterpart to Ahura Mazda] and the demons were punished and rebuked, and the teachings of Ahriman and the demons departed from the empire and were abandoned. And Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, Nasoreans [Orthodox Christians], Christians, Maktak [Baptists], and Manichaeans in the empire were smitten, and destruction of idols and scattering of the stores of the demons and god-seats and nests was abandoned.\"\nExcerpt from the inscription of Kerdir at Naqsh-e-Rustam, Persia, late third century C.E.\nWhich of the following best describes Persia's relationship with Arabia in the period 600\u20131450 C.E.?\nChoices:\nA. Persian armies were largely in control of Arabia throughout the period.\nB. Persia and Arabia interacted infrequently throughout the period.\nC. Persia supported Arabian client states throughout the period.\nD. Persia was brought into the Arabian orbit over the course of the period.\nAnswer:"," Persia supported Arabian client states throughout the period."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"And then Shapur, King of Kings, passed away. Then his son Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Hormizd, King of Kings, conferred on me cap and belt and created for me a higher rank and dignity, and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, throughout the whole empire he gave me more authority and power in matters of the divine services, and created for me the title \"Kerdir, Ahura Mazda's [Chief Priest]\" after the name of Ahura Mazda, the Deity. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence, and many Warham fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd then Hormizd, King of Kings, passed away. Then Bahram, King of Kings, son of Shapur, King of Kings, and brother of Hormizd, King of Kings, rose over the empire. And Bahram, King of Kings, also held me in high honor and dignity and at court and in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, gave me authority and power for divine services of every sort. And thereupon in kingdom after kingdom, place after place, many divine services were performed in magnificence and many Warharan fires were established, and many magi became happy and prosperous, and many fires and magi were imperially installed\u2026\nAnd in kingdom after kingdom and place after place throughout the whole empire the services of Ahura Mazda and the gods became preeminent, and great dignity came to the Mazdayanian religion and the magi in the empire, and the gods and water and fire and small cattle in the empire attained great satisfaction, while Ahriman [the evil counterpart to Ahura Mazda] and the demons were punished and rebuked, and the teachings of Ahriman and the demons departed from the empire and were abandoned. And Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, Nasoreans [Orthodox Christians], Christians, Maktak [Baptists], and Manichaeans in the empire were smitten, and destruction of idols and scattering of the stores of the demons and god-seats and nests was abandoned.\"\nExcerpt from the inscription of Kerdir at Naqsh-e-Rustam, Persia, late third century C.E.\nWhich of the following best describes Persia's relationship with Arabia in the period 600\u20131450 C.E.?\nChoices:\nA. Persian armies were largely in control of Arabia throughout the period.\nB. Persia and Arabia interacted infrequently throughout the period.\nC. Persia supported Arabian client states throughout the period.\nD. Persia was brought into the Arabian orbit over the course of the period.\nAnswer:"," Persia was brought into the Arabian orbit over the course of the period."],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"To slacken the tempo would mean falling behind. And those who fall behind get beaten. But we do not want to be beaten. No, we refuse to be beaten! One feature of the history of old Russia was the continual beatings she suffered because of her backwardness. She was beaten by the Mongol khans. She was beaten by the Turkish beys. She was beaten by the Swedish feudal lords. She was beaten by the Polish and Lithuanian gentry. She was beaten by the British and French capitalists. She was beaten by the Japanese barons. All beat her\u2013\u2013because of her backwardness, because of her military backwardness, cultural backwardness, political backwardness, industrial backwardness, agricultural backwardness. They beat her because it was profitable and could be done with impunity. You remember the words of the pre-revolutionary poet: \"You are poor and abundant, mighty and impotent, Mother Russia.\" Those gentlemen were quite familiar with the verses of the old poet. They beat her, saying: \"You are abundant,\" so one can enrich oneself at your expense. They beat her, saying: \"You are poor and impotent,\" so you can be beaten and plundered with impunity. Such is the law of the exploiters\u2013\u2013to beat the backward and the weak. It is the jungle law of capitalism. You are backward, you are weak\u2013\u2013therefore you are wrong; hence you can be beaten and enslaved. You are mighty\u2013\u2013therefore you are right; hence we must be wary of you.\nThat is why we must no longer lag behind.\"\nJoseph Stalin, speech delivered at the first All-Union Conference of Leading Personnel of Socialist Industry, February 4, 1931\nStalin's efforts to advance Russia as justified by his mention of the \"continual beatings\" were vindicated by which of the following historical events?\nChoices:\nA. The Space Race with the United States\nB. The Polish-Soviet War in the early 1920s\nC. The Western intervention in the Russian Civil War\nD. The German invasion of Russia in 1941\nAnswer:"," The Space Race with the United States"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"To slacken the tempo would mean falling behind. And those who fall behind get beaten. But we do not want to be beaten. No, we refuse to be beaten! One feature of the history of old Russia was the continual beatings she suffered because of her backwardness. She was beaten by the Mongol khans. She was beaten by the Turkish beys. She was beaten by the Swedish feudal lords. She was beaten by the Polish and Lithuanian gentry. She was beaten by the British and French capitalists. She was beaten by the Japanese barons. All beat her\u2013\u2013because of her backwardness, because of her military backwardness, cultural backwardness, political backwardness, industrial backwardness, agricultural backwardness. They beat her because it was profitable and could be done with impunity. You remember the words of the pre-revolutionary poet: \"You are poor and abundant, mighty and impotent, Mother Russia.\" Those gentlemen were quite familiar with the verses of the old poet. They beat her, saying: \"You are abundant,\" so one can enrich oneself at your expense. They beat her, saying: \"You are poor and impotent,\" so you can be beaten and plundered with impunity. Such is the law of the exploiters\u2013\u2013to beat the backward and the weak. It is the jungle law of capitalism. You are backward, you are weak\u2013\u2013therefore you are wrong; hence you can be beaten and enslaved. You are mighty\u2013\u2013therefore you are right; hence we must be wary of you.\nThat is why we must no longer lag behind.\"\nJoseph Stalin, speech delivered at the first All-Union Conference of Leading Personnel of Socialist Industry, February 4, 1931\nStalin's efforts to advance Russia as justified by his mention of the \"continual beatings\" were vindicated by which of the following historical events?\nChoices:\nA. The Space Race with the United States\nB. The Polish-Soviet War in the early 1920s\nC. The Western intervention in the Russian Civil War\nD. The German invasion of Russia in 1941\nAnswer:"," The Polish-Soviet War in the early 1920s"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"To slacken the tempo would mean falling behind. And those who fall behind get beaten. But we do not want to be beaten. No, we refuse to be beaten! One feature of the history of old Russia was the continual beatings she suffered because of her backwardness. She was beaten by the Mongol khans. She was beaten by the Turkish beys. She was beaten by the Swedish feudal lords. She was beaten by the Polish and Lithuanian gentry. She was beaten by the British and French capitalists. She was beaten by the Japanese barons. All beat her\u2013\u2013because of her backwardness, because of her military backwardness, cultural backwardness, political backwardness, industrial backwardness, agricultural backwardness. They beat her because it was profitable and could be done with impunity. You remember the words of the pre-revolutionary poet: \"You are poor and abundant, mighty and impotent, Mother Russia.\" Those gentlemen were quite familiar with the verses of the old poet. They beat her, saying: \"You are abundant,\" so one can enrich oneself at your expense. They beat her, saying: \"You are poor and impotent,\" so you can be beaten and plundered with impunity. Such is the law of the exploiters\u2013\u2013to beat the backward and the weak. It is the jungle law of capitalism. You are backward, you are weak\u2013\u2013therefore you are wrong; hence you can be beaten and enslaved. You are mighty\u2013\u2013therefore you are right; hence we must be wary of you.\nThat is why we must no longer lag behind.\"\nJoseph Stalin, speech delivered at the first All-Union Conference of Leading Personnel of Socialist Industry, February 4, 1931\nStalin's efforts to advance Russia as justified by his mention of the \"continual beatings\" were vindicated by which of the following historical events?\nChoices:\nA. The Space Race with the United States\nB. The Polish-Soviet War in the early 1920s\nC. The Western intervention in the Russian Civil War\nD. The German invasion of Russia in 1941\nAnswer:"," The Western intervention in the Russian Civil War"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\n\"To slacken the tempo would mean falling behind. And those who fall behind get beaten. But we do not want to be beaten. No, we refuse to be beaten! One feature of the history of old Russia was the continual beatings she suffered because of her backwardness. She was beaten by the Mongol khans. She was beaten by the Turkish beys. She was beaten by the Swedish feudal lords. She was beaten by the Polish and Lithuanian gentry. She was beaten by the British and French capitalists. She was beaten by the Japanese barons. All beat her\u2013\u2013because of her backwardness, because of her military backwardness, cultural backwardness, political backwardness, industrial backwardness, agricultural backwardness. They beat her because it was profitable and could be done with impunity. You remember the words of the pre-revolutionary poet: \"You are poor and abundant, mighty and impotent, Mother Russia.\" Those gentlemen were quite familiar with the verses of the old poet. They beat her, saying: \"You are abundant,\" so one can enrich oneself at your expense. They beat her, saying: \"You are poor and impotent,\" so you can be beaten and plundered with impunity. Such is the law of the exploiters\u2013\u2013to beat the backward and the weak. It is the jungle law of capitalism. You are backward, you are weak\u2013\u2013therefore you are wrong; hence you can be beaten and enslaved. You are mighty\u2013\u2013therefore you are right; hence we must be wary of you.\nThat is why we must no longer lag behind.\"\nJoseph Stalin, speech delivered at the first All-Union Conference of Leading Personnel of Socialist Industry, February 4, 1931\nStalin's efforts to advance Russia as justified by his mention of the \"continual beatings\" were vindicated by which of the following historical events?\nChoices:\nA. The Space Race with the United States\nB. The Polish-Soviet War in the early 1920s\nC. The Western intervention in the Russian Civil War\nD. The German invasion of Russia in 1941\nAnswer:"," The German invasion of Russia in 1941"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nThis great purity of the French Revolution is precisely what causes both our strength and our weakness. Our strength, because it gives to us rights of the public interest over private interests; our weakness, because it rallies all vicious men against us. We must smother the internal and external enemies of the Republic or perish with it; now in this situation, the first maxim of your policy ought to be to lead the people by reason and the people's enemies by terror. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is not so much a special principle as it is a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to our country's most urgent needs.\nFrench revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre, 1794\nThe passage above appears to articulate which of the following political principles?\nChoices:\nA. From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs\nB. Might makes right\nC. The end justifies the means\nD. The government is best that governs least\nAnswer:"," From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nThis great purity of the French Revolution is precisely what causes both our strength and our weakness. Our strength, because it gives to us rights of the public interest over private interests; our weakness, because it rallies all vicious men against us. We must smother the internal and external enemies of the Republic or perish with it; now in this situation, the first maxim of your policy ought to be to lead the people by reason and the people's enemies by terror. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is not so much a special principle as it is a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to our country's most urgent needs.\nFrench revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre, 1794\nThe passage above appears to articulate which of the following political principles?\nChoices:\nA. From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs\nB. Might makes right\nC. The end justifies the means\nD. The government is best that governs least\nAnswer:"," Might makes right"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nThis great purity of the French Revolution is precisely what causes both our strength and our weakness. Our strength, because it gives to us rights of the public interest over private interests; our weakness, because it rallies all vicious men against us. We must smother the internal and external enemies of the Republic or perish with it; now in this situation, the first maxim of your policy ought to be to lead the people by reason and the people's enemies by terror. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is not so much a special principle as it is a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to our country's most urgent needs.\nFrench revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre, 1794\nThe passage above appears to articulate which of the following political principles?\nChoices:\nA. From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs\nB. Might makes right\nC. The end justifies the means\nD. The government is best that governs least\nAnswer:"," The end justifies the means"],["Question: This question refers to the following information.\nThis great purity of the French Revolution is precisely what causes both our strength and our weakness. Our strength, because it gives to us rights of the public interest over private interests; our weakness, because it rallies all vicious men against us. We must smother the internal and external enemies of the Republic or perish with it; now in this situation, the first maxim of your policy ought to be to lead the people by reason and the people's enemies by terror. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is not so much a special principle as it is a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to our country's most urgent needs.\nFrench revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre, 1794\nThe passage above appears to articulate which of the following political principles?\nChoices:\nA. From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs\nB. Might makes right\nC. The end justifies the means\nD. The government is best that governs least\nAnswer:"," The government is best that governs least"]]
