Use hashed version stability test instead

tests/testdata/pile_uspto-v0-loglikelihood_rolling.json

-[["There are three important subpopulations of T Lymphocytes (T cells): helper T cells, which interact with B cells to amplify production of antibody; effector T cells, which carry out the direct cell-killing function of T cells and make certain lymphokines (non-antibody products) which are responsible for delayed hypersensitivity; and supressor T cells, which participate in the regulation of both antibody-medicated and cell-mediated immunity.\nT cells must be activated before any of these forms of activity are expressed. Usually the activation follows from exposure to antigen, but other less specific factors such a interleukin 2 are also believed to participate in the activation of T cells.\nUsually there is a latent period of around a week to 10 days after first exposure to antigen before the T cells develop initial reactivity. Shortly after that the reactivity subsides. Upon a second contact with antigen, T cells show an accelerated memory response with high activity developing within 2-5 days.\nThe addition of antigen to cultured lymphocytes induces a small proportion of T cells to differentiate into the large rapidly dividing blast cells. T cells can also be transformed by culturing them together with the lymphocytes of individuals of the same species, a so-called mixed lymphocyte culture. Because of extensive polymorphism at HLA loci, the two cell populations are virtually always different antigenically and they stimulate each other to undergo blast transformation. For example, isolated blood lymphocytes from recipient and prospective donor are maintained together for several days in tissue culture. Blast transformation occurs if allogenic cells are present. This process may be referred to as alloactivation. Mixed lymphocyte cultures may be established by treating one set of cells in a manner that prevents blast transformation of that set of cells such as irradiating the cells.\nA T lymphocyte will recognize an antigen only if the antigen is properly presented by a presenting cell which in many cases is a macrophage. The antigen must be presented juxtaposed to a compatible Ia molecule, a surface molecule coded for by one of the class I transplantation or histocompatibility genes. In man, there are at least two distinct families of Ia molecules encoded by mixed lymphocyte culture genes, HLA-DR and MT or DS. These genes control the formation of the specialized complementary Ia structures on the surface of a presenting cell and the T cells that provide for proper presentation of antigens. T cells may interact with B cells, or other T cells, if the cell possesses complementary Ia structures and if it recognizes the same antigenic determinant or a different determinant on the same antigenic molecule.\nDuring the process of activation, T cells develop new surface antigens, so-called T cell activation antigens. Most of these T cell activation antigens, however, are not T cell specific. For example, the transferrin receptor, the insulin receptor and the 4F2 antigen appear on proliferating cells of many types. Only one T cell activation antigen, Tac (Interleukin-2 receptor), is found only on activated T cells.\nThe kinetics of antigen appearance on activated T cells has been studied in order to gain some insight into the function of these molecules. Cotner et al. examined the kinetics of appearance of several T cell antigens and found that each exhibited a characteristic and reproducible time of appearance (9). Based upon this, the antigens could be classified as early, intermediate or late appearing antigens.\nThe relevancy of various cell surface markers to the functional heterogeneity of alloreactive T cell clones has been examined and the rearrangement of the T B-chain gene of the antigen receptor in wild and mutant variants of clones with altered phenotypes and function compared (7). BALB/C mice have been immunized with helper T cell clones to produce two monoclonal antibodies which detect distinct cell surface molecules associated with T cell helper activity and with the production of T replacing factor (8).\nThe 4F2 antigen, Tac, the 49.9 antigen and the transferrin receptor appear within 24 hours of mitogen stimulation, before the onset of DNA synthesis, and are classified as early antigens. Early appearing antigens may be associated with cell growth. The HLA-DR antigen and the 19.2 antigen (Ia antigen) do not appear until about 72 hours after activation and are classified as late antigens. Expression of the OKT 10 antigen by activated T cells is intermediate.\nThe molecule or molecules associated with T cell helper function are unknown. Human helper T cells are defined as lymphocytes which express the T4 surface antigen, a T cell specific glycoprotein molecule expressed by cells which recognize and are restricted by major histocompatibility complex class II antigens. This molecule is also found on killer and suppressor lymphocytes suggesting that the T4 molecule is not involved in helper function. Similarly, the T cell antigen receptor does not seem to be involved in any specific T cell function because the gene which encodes the B-chain of the receptor is rearranged and expressed by helper, suppressor and cytotoxic T cells."], ["1. Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates generally to a solenoid valve. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the solenoid valve to achieve a desired flow rate.\n2. Description of the Related Art\nSolenoid valves are used in a multitude of various operations. One use is the automotive industry wherein a solenoid valve is used in conjunction with a vapor canister in a vehicle emission system. For instance, under normal operating conditions, fuel vapors from the vehicle's fuel tank are stored in the vapor canister. The canister is purged by drawing fresh air through the canister into the intake manifold of the engine. Purging the canister disrupts optimum air-fuel ratio and may result in inefficient operation of the engine. Thus, a solenoid valve is used to control the flow rate of fuel vapor being drawn from the vapor canister into the intake manifold.\nModern engines are tightly tuned for optimum operating performance. The amount of canister purge vapor entering the intake manifold is controlled by the solenoid. The solenoid valve is turned on and off or cycled based on various operating parameters. The duty cycle or percentage of time that the solenoid valve is open regulates the flow of fuel vapors being purged from the canister.\nVarious types of control systems to control or regulate the desired flow of fuel vapor from the vapor canister are known. One type of system controls operation of the solenoid valve through a duty cycle pulse width modulation. Duty cycle pulse width modulation control systems use from 5 to 100 percent of the duty cycle to vary the flow. Such systems fail to provide the flexibility necessary to control and, more specifically, regulate flow at both the low and high ends of the duty cycle. For instance, the slope of the flow rate versus percent duty cycle for optimum low end control may not be suitable for high end flow and vice versa.\nThus, it is advisable to have a control system which provides optimum flow control characteristics throughout the entire range of the duty cycle. For instance, the flow rate may be modified independently of the duty cycle wherein the overall slope of the flow rate with respect to the duty cycle may change for various percentages of duty cycle.\nAnother type of control system uses a current signal to actuate an armature so that flow is proportional to current. These control systems tend to have more hysteresis and are not useful for the initial 25 percent of the full scale signal."], ["Existing communications methods and systems are overly power hungry and/or spectrally inefficient. Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such approaches with some aspects of the present method and system set forth in the remainder of this disclosure with reference to the drawings."], ["In many applications, such as radar warning receivers (RWRs), there is a need to detect short-pulse signals with high probability.\nFrequency-swept detectors and spectrum monitors are not well-suited to being short-pulse signal detectors since they suffer low dwell times in each frequency band.\nShort-pulse signals can be detected using a digital instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) technique based on an analogue frequency discriminator and reference is made to P. L. Herselman and J. E. Cilliers: \u201cA Digital Instantaneous Frequency Measurement Technique using High-Speed Analogue-to-Digital Converters and Field Programmable Gate Arrays\u201d (2007). A conventional frequency discriminator typically comprises a splitter, a delay line, a mixer and a low-pass filter. Using the splitter, delay line and mixer, an input signal is mixed with a delayed copy. The product is fed through a low-pass filter. The frequency of a single input tone can be found using a look-up table. However, one drawback of such a system is that it can \u201cblinded\u201d by an extra input tone. Another drawback is that such a system tends to suffer from having a limited dynamic range.\nUS 2011/0053538 A1 describes a high-speed frequency sensor. The sensor comprises a plurality of filters allowing passage of signals over a different band of frequencies and a plurality of detectors, each associated with a respective filter. If the incident RF signal results in a signal in the band of frequencies passed by a particular filter, the detector associated with that filter generates an output signal. This indicates in which of the frequency bands the incident RF signal has been detected. The precision of the frequency estimate is limited to one bin per filter, that is, the sensor determines only a range of frequencies within which the single frequency exists, the range being equal to the band of frequencies passed by the filter."], ["The invention relates to a method for decontaminating nuclear reactors employed to generate electric power and more particularly to a method for performing full system decontaminations on boiling water reactors.\nDuring on-line power generating operations of commercial boiling water nuclear reactors, thin layers of metal oxides tend to build up on the internal surfaces of vessels and other components and piping in contact with circulating primary coolant (essentially high temperature water). Activated metal ions in the central core regions in reactor pressure vessels are entrained in the primary coolant and then are absorbed in the metal oxides, which results in relatively high radiation levels on these surfaces. It is desirable to reduce the radiation levels to xe2x80x9cAs Low As Reasonably Achievablexe2x80x9d levels in order to reduce the exposure of personnel working near the reactors during periodic plant outages and/or plant decommissioning operations. Thus, the industry may employ one or a combination of various known chemical decontamination treatments, e.g., acid permanganate, alkaline permanganate, Citrox, CAN-DEREM, LOMI and/or other processes, in order to dissolve or break up the oxide films. Conventionally, these decontamination processes involve the addition of permanganate, oxalate, citrate, EDTA and/or other ions to the primary coolant to form decontamination solutions and then the circulation of the solutions through the components to be decontaminated. In addition to removing the oxide layers, it may be desirable to remove several microns of base metal in order to better protect personnel during decommissioning processes. Dilute chemical decontamination solutions generally contain less than about 3-5% by weight of such decontamination agents. Chemical decontaminations may be performed upon full primary coolant systems or upon selected subsystems. Full system decontaminations are the preferred approach when the goal is to reduce dose rates on multiple subsystems throughout the plants. In addition, full system decontamination processes are generally performed with nuclear fuel assemblies out of the central core regions of the reactor pressure vessels, but the fuel assemblies may be retained in the central core regions in some cases.\nThe activated metal ions that are removed from the internal surfaces of the primary coolant systems in the course of the decontamination operations are collected on cation exchange resins. The activated resins must then be removed to remote disposal sites.\nThe majority of the activated oxide deposits in boiling water reactor primary coolant systems are located in the central core regions of reactor pressure vessels. These deposits do not substantially contribute to personnel exposure. Thus, it would be very desirable to decontaminate only those systems that substantially contribute to personnel exposure and bypass the central core regions. This would substantially reduce the total exposure of personnel while reducing resin and disposal costs.\nIt is an object of the present invention to decontaminate a portion of a reactor pressure vessel in a boiling water reactor and its appurtentant recirculation system while bypassing its central core region. It is a further object to substantially decontaminate a boiling water reactor with lower overall personnel exposures to radiation and lower resin costs.\nWith these objects in view, the present invention resides in a method of decontaminating a boiling water reactor having a plurality of reactor recirculation loops hydraulically connected in parallel with a reactor pressure vessel. Such a reactor pressure vessel has: a central core region; an annulus region surrounding the central core region and in hydraulic communication with the recirculation loops; and a lower internals region in hydraulic communication with the central core region. In the practice of the present invention, a decontamination solution is circulated through at least one of the reactor recirculation loops and the annulus region of the pressure vessel without circulating through the central core region. In a preferred practice of the present invention, the decontamination solution also circulates between the annulus region and the lower internals region without circulating through the central core region. Thus, a boiling water reactor can be substantially decontaminated while reducing overall personnel exposure and generating less resin wastes."], ["1. Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a hydraulic circuit, and in particular to a hydraulic circuit including an accumulator having an inflow passage which introduces a hydraulic fluid which is discharged from a hydraulic pump into a hydraulic fluid chamber and a discharge passage which discharges the hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic fluid chamber to a hydraulic actuator.\n2. Description of the Related Art\nAn example of this type of hydraulic circuit is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 2576998. In the disclosed hydraulic circuit, a hydraulic fluid which is discharged from a hydraulic pump is introduced into a hydraulic fluid chamber of an accumulator through an inflow passage, and then the hydraulic fluid is discharged from the hydraulic fluid chamber of the accumulator to a hydraulic actuator such as a hydraulic booster through a discharge passage. As a result, pulsations of the hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump are securely decreased by the operation of the accumulator.\nIn the case where an accumulator which operates when the pressure in a hydraulic fluid chamber is at least a set pressure is used to decrease pulsations of the hydraulic fluid discharged from a hydraulic pump, in a transient period until the pressure in the hydraulic fluid chamber reaches the set pressure, the accumulator does not operate, and pulsations of the hydraulic fluid which is discharged from the hydraulic pump cannot be decreased."], ["Systems that network voicemail systems to facilitate a distributed office, include, without limitation, networks by Cisco\u00ae, Advanced Voice\u00ae, etc. Networks like that of Cisco\u00ae have included voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) communications. However, prior networked voicemail systems do not transfer the session of the caller from one system to another system of the network using speech VoIP to transfer the session. Instead, prior systems transfer messages or calls but not the entire session. Accordingly, since the entire session is not transferred, the caller typically cannot speak to several people at the distant location, leave messages for several people at the location, broadcast messages at the location, etc. all as though they were at the other location.\nIn view of the above, there is a continuing need for a network of attendant, messaging and content-based speech systems to facilitate a distributed office wherein each system can transfer a session of a caller to another system at a distant location so that the caller can speak to several people at the distant location, leave messages for several people at the location, broadcast messages at the location, etc. all as though they were at the other location.\nAdditionally, there is a continuing need for a network of self-synchronizing attendant, messaging and content-based speech systems that automatically updates other systems in the network with extension database additions, deletions or other changes.\nAs will be seen more fully below, the present invention is substantially different in structure, methodology and approach from that of the prior e-trading systems and methods."], ["Vehicle windows (e.g., windshields, backlites, sunroofs, and sidelites) are known in the art. For purposes of example, vehicle windshields typically include a pair of bent glass substrates laminated together via a polymer interlayer such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB). It is known that one of the two glass substrates may have a coating (e.g., low-E coating) thereon for solar control purposes such as reflecting R and/or UV radiation, so that the vehicle interior can be more comfortable in certain weather conditions. Conventional vehicle windshields are made as follows. First and second flat glass substrates are provided, one of them optionally having a low-E coating sputtered thereon. The pair of glass substrates are washed and booked together (i.e., stacked on one another), and then while booked are heat bent together into the desired windshield shape at a high temperature(s) (e.g., 8 minutes at about 600-625 degrees C.). The two bent glass substrates are then laminated together via the polymer interlayer to form the vehicle windshield.\nInsulating glass (IG) window units are also known in the art. Conventional IG window units include at least first and second glass substrates (one of which may have a solar control coating on an interior surface thereof) that are coupled to one another via at least one seal(s) or spacer(s). The resulting space or gap between the glass substrates may or may not be filled with gas and/or evacuated to a low pressure in different instances. However, many IG units are required to be tempered. Thermal tempering of the glass substrates for such IG units typically requires heating the glass substrates to temperature(s) of at least about 600 degrees C. for a sufficient period of time to enable thermal tempering.\nOther types of coated articles also require heat treatment (HT) (e.g., tempering, heat bending, and/or heat strengthening) in certain applications. For example and without limitation, glass shower doors, glass table tops, and the like require HT in certain instances.\nDiamond-like carbon (DLC) is sometimes known for its scratch resistant properties. For example, different types of DLC are discussed in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,303,226; 6,303,225; 6,261;693; 6,338,901; 6,312,808; 6,280,834; 6,284,377; 6,335,086; 5,858,477; 5,635,245; 5,888,593; 5,135,808; 5,900,342; and 5,470,661, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.\nIt would sometimes be desirable to provide a window unit or other glass article with a protective coating including DLC in order to protect it from scratches and the like. Unfortunately, DLC tends to oxidize and burn off at temperatures of from approximately 380 to 400 degrees C. or higher, as the heat treatment is typically conducted in an atmosphere including oxygen. Thus, it will be appreciated that DLC as a protective overcoat cannot withstand heat treatments (HT) at the extremely high temperatures described above which are often required in the manufacture of vehicle windows, IG window units, glass table tops, and/or the like. Accordingly, DLC cannot be used alone as a coating to be heat treated, because it will oxidize during the heat treatment and substantially disappear as a result of the same (i.e., it will burn off).\nCertain other types of scratch resistant materials also are not capable of withstanding heat treatment sufficient for tempering, heat strengthening and/or bending of an underlying glass substrate.\nAccordingly, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a need in the art exists for a method of making a scratch resistant coated article that is capable of being heat treated (HT) so that after heat treatment the coated article is still scratch resistant. A need for corresponding coated articles, both heat treated and pre-HT, also exists."], ["1. Technical Field\nThe present disclosure relates to positioning assemblies, and particularly, to a positioning assembly having a fastener.\n2. Description of the Related Art\nElectronic devices such as flat panel TVs often defines a mounting hole in a rear face to enable wall mounting. When the electronic device is to be mounted, a threaded member is partially received in a threaded hole in the wall and also partially received in the mounting hole in the rear face. However, the threaded member is prone to detachment since the allowable length thereof is limited.\nTherefore, there is room for improvement within the art."], ["Control of the temperature of reactions within an acceptable range has been widely investigated and the chemical industry has devised several arrangements, those commonly used being discussed in standard references and texts, e.g. one might consider the general teachings by Octave LEVENSPIEL in Chapter 19 of Chemical Reaction Engineering (published by John Wiley & Sons).\nThe prior art includes a conventional reactor designed to offer more control over the reactant temperature and this is known as the staged adiabatic packed bed reactor. This system uses an arrangement wherein a number of discrete, spaced apart zones of reaction are provided with means therebetween to control the temperature of the products leaving a first zone of reaction prior to entering the next reaction zone. No heat exchanging means is provided to control the temperature of the reaction in the zones of the reaction. Thus the reactant fluid entering the reactor at a desired temperature passes through a packed bed containing catalyst. Upon exiting this first stage, the reactant gas and any products will have a temperature higher or lower than that of the initial temperature depending upon the reaction thermal characteristics. A heat exchanger then heats or cools the reactant gas to a second desired temperature, which may or may not be equivalent to the temperature of the first, before passing to the next packed bed i.e. the second stage. This sequence is repeated until the desired conversion is obtained. Thus the temperature profile of the reaction will be stepped within an acceptable range of temperature, and will therefore not be truly isothermal.\nThe preferred heat exchanger panel for the purposes of the invention is one formed from a plurality of plates superposed and diffusion bonded to form a stack of plates, wherein fluid passages are defined in said stack by virtue of a pre-treatment of said plates wherein each plate is selectively configured to provide channeled or blank surfaces according to the desired pattern of fluid passages by a treatment to remove surface material e.g. by chemical etching, or hydraulic milling, or the like process to a desired depth. Optionally the chemical treatment may be augmented by a mechanical treatment using a suitable tool.\nSuch a pre-treatment of the plates is conducted in a manner analogous to manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and for this reason the heat exchanger design can be described as a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE). The application of the diffusion bonding technique for metal plates is well understood in the art of metal working and is applied for a variety of purposes e.g. in medical prosthesis manufacture.\nThis design of the PCHE has been proven by the designers of the proposed PCR system since 1985 when these compact heat exchangers were first introduced.\nA PCR type of reactor was designed by the present applicants and is the subject of a separate patent application (Ref:32 46271 WO-). Such a reactor is formed to provide at least one reaction zone, bounded by a heat exchanger formed from a plurality of plates superposed and diffusion bonded to form a stack of plates, wherein fluid channels are defined in said stack by virtue of pre-treatment of said plates wherein each plate is selectively configured according to the desired pattern of channels by a chemical treatment to remove surface material e.g. by chemical etching, to a desired depth. The fluid channels defined in the stack provide the opportunity to arrange for various reactant fluids to be conveyed in channels arranged in a heat exchange relationship with discrete channels containing at least one auxiliary fluid for controlling the temperature of the reactants.\nConsidering the example of a known ammonia converter, for a given ammonia content in the reactants there is a temperature for which the desired reaction rate is at a maximum. This is because the rate of synthesis of ammonia is the net result of the competing rates of the forward and reverse reactions. Consequently, by monitoring and controlling the temperature, it is possible to determine a temperature that favours the forward production reaction more than the reverse product dissociation reaction. In fact it is found that whilst increased temperature generally causes an increase in reaction, and indeed the desired forward product formation reaction rate increases favourably with temperature, at a certain approach to equilibrium conditions the concurrent increased rate of the reverse reaction begins to dominate, and to slow the overall synthesis rate. Maximum conversion in a bed of given size is therefore achieved if conditions remain on the maximum rate line. This is shown graphically in FIG. 1.\nAmmonia synthesis typically takes place at high pressures, greater than 100 bar and therefore creating bed volume is relatively expensive. Furthermore, the catalyst itself is costly. Consequently, an important element of ammonia synthesis reactor design is to attempt to maintain the bed conditions as closely as possible to the maximum reaction rate line, and hence to maximise the rate of ammonia synthesis in a bed of a given size.\nVarious approaches have been taken to achieving this result, mainly falling into the categories of:\n1. Quench-cooled multi-bed converters, in which cold reactant feed is injected between beds of catalyst,\n2. Tube-cooled converters, in which tubes carrying cold reactant are embedded in the catalyst bed, and\n3. Indirectly cooled multi-bed exchangers, in which heat is extracted from the hot reactants passing between beds in heat exchangers cooled by cold reactant feed.\nAn example of a quench type converter is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,663,179 wherein there is provided a vertically oriented container or reactor vessel, which is provided with an internal catalyst basket in which a bed or charge of catalyst particles is disposed. The basket is spaced from the container wall, and the feed fluid stream such as synthesis gas is passed onto the lower portion of the container and external to the basket. The feed fluid rises through the annular space between the basket and the container wall, and thus serves to cool the container and act as insulation against the thermal effects or hot spots generated within the catalyst bed. The rising warmed feed fluid stream is then heated to a suitable catalysis temperature by an internal heat exchanger. The hot fluid then flows to the catalyst bed in which the reaction takes place.\nA perforated pipe is disposed in the catalyst bed, and a cold quench fluid, which may be of a composition comparable to the feed stream is passed through the pipes and distributed into the hot reacting gas within the catalyst bed, to provide a cooling effect and thereby moderate the catalytic reaction.\nAmmonia synthesis is exothermic, typically operating in the 350\u00b0 C. to 500\u00b0 C. range, and the conversion factor is relatively low, typically less than 20%. As a result, it is possible for the cold feed stream to the reactor to be used to extract the reaction heat, at the same time preheating the cold feed stream to the required reaction temperatures. It is conventional practice to use the feed stream as a cooling medium in this way in ammonia converters. Related documents U.S. Pat. No. 4,230,669 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,230,680 describe such a converter in which the cold feed stream is used to extract the reaction heat and also includes a cold feed bypass line such that a controllable volume of the cold feed stream can by-pass the heat exchangers and therefore better control of the reactant temperature can be achieved.\nThis converter is an example of an indirectly cooled multi-bed exchanger as briefly outlined at point 3 above. It is an approach to bed cooling that is generally preferred by those in the art. In prior art converters though, only a very crude tracking of the maximum reaction rate curve is achievable in the reactor, due to the difficulties in cost-effectively arranging for more than two beds with inter-cooling by the feed stream. The general form of the temperature profile achieved with the common two-stage arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 2. The proposal outlined in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,230,669 and 4,230,680 mentioned above actually has three catalyst beds, but even so performance leaves room for improvement and the design cannot be considered compact.\nOther examples of ammonia converters are described in the publication \u201cAmmonia and Synthesis Gas, Recent and Energy-saving Processes\u201d edited by F J Brykowski and published by Noyes Data Corporation in 1981.\nAn object of the present invention is to provide an improved reactor design, particularly one that is useful for the purposes of ammonia conversion and the like reactions, and is furthermore of a relatively compact design."]]
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tests/testdata/pile_uspto-v0-res.json

-{"results": {"pile_uspto": {"word_perplexity": 1.0008208744663858, "byte_perplexity": 1.0001295237013843, "bits_per_byte": 0.00012951531391398432}}, "versions": {"pile_uspto": 0}}
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+{"results": {"pile_uspto": {"bits_per_byte": 0.00012062434384130924, "byte_perplexity": 1.00012063161925, "word_perplexity": 1.0007716198916954}}, "versions": {"pile_uspto": 0}}
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tests/testdata/pile_wikipedia-v0-loglikelihood_rolling

+ef9ec0dd408316ca6537228a6812e839f14b30608973081d41efc47c138338da
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tests/testdata/pile_wikipedia-v0-loglikelihood_rolling.json

-[["The Abbey Road Sessions\n\nAbbey Road sessions or The Abbey Road Sessions may refer to:\n\n Abbey Road Sessions, a 1997 live solo album by Mike Peters\n Abbey Road Sessions, music recording sessions conducted at Abbey Road Studios\n The Abbey Road Sessions (DVD), a 2006 live DVD by Donavon Frankenreiter\n The Abbey Road Sessions (EP), a 1999 EP by Embrace\n The Abbey Road Sessions (Kylie Minogue album), 2012\n The Abbey Road Sessions (Ian Shaw album), 2011\n The Abbey Road Sessions/The Walk, a 2005 album by Steven Curtis Chapman\n\nSee also \n Abbey Road (disambiguation)"], ["Falling-sand game\n\nA falling sand game is a type of particle simulation video game. They allow the user to place particles of different elements on a \"canvas\". The particles can interact with other particles in various ways, and may be affected by gravity, in some games. Many complex effects may be achieved. Many versions of the Falling Sand Game have been written since its introduction in 2005.\n\nHistory\nThe original game first appeared as a web-based Java applet on the Dofi-Blog (Japan) in 2005.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n PC World\n Falling Sand Game Wiki and Forums\n The Powder Toy\n The Powder Toy Snapshots\n The Powder Toy Korean Community\n VSand\n PowderGdi\n Project Sand\n\nCategory:Online games\nCategory:Java platform games\nCategory:Flash games\nCategory:Simulation video games\nCategory:Video game genres"], ["John Delaney (lawyer)\n\nJohn Delaney (born 19 April 1964) is a Bahamian lawyer.\n\nJohn Delaney graduated with an LLB in law from Birmingham University in 1986, studied for the Bar at Lincoln's Inn, and graduated with an LLM in law from the London School of Economics in 1988. He was called to the Bahamas Bar in 1987. \n\nDelaney was sworn in as Attorney General and Minister of Legal Affairs of The Bahamas in 2009. He has already been appointed to the Senator of the Bahamian Parliament by the Governor-General. He held the office of Attorney General until 2012, when he returned to private legal practice.\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1964 births\nCategory:Alumni of the London School of Economics\nCategory:Alumni of the University of Birmingham\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Government ministers of the Bahamas\nCategory:Members of the Senate of the Bahamas\nCategory:Bahamian lawyers\nCategory:Attorneys General of the Bahamas\nCategory:20th-century Bahamian lawyers"], ["Christopher M. S. Johns\n\nChristopher M. S. Johns (born April 13, 1955) is an American art historian, and the Norman L. and Roselea J. Goldberg Professor of History of Art at Vanderbilt University, who specializes in eighteenth-century Italian art, decorative art, material culture, and architecture.  He is the leading scholar on early modern Italian art and culture, especially the relationship between art, politics, and religion.\n\nLife\nJohns received his BA from Florida State University where he majored in art history and history. He received his MA and PhD in art history from the University of Delaware. He began his teaching career at the University of Virginia as an assistant professor of art history in 1985. He has been the Norman L. and Roselea J. Goldberg Professor of History of Art at Vanderbilt University since 2003.  \n\nHe was a member of the organizing committees for the exhibitions \"The Splendor of Eighteenth-Century Rome\" (Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 2000) and \"Art of the Ges\u00f9: Bernini and His Age\" (Fairfield Museum of Art, 2018), and a member of the consultative committee for the exhibition \"Pompeo Batoni\" (Palazzo Ducale, Lucca, Italy, 2008-2009).  \n\nRecognition of his academic achievements includes numerous visiting professorships, scholarly residences, invitations to lecture in universities and museums around the world, awards and fellowships, most notably from the American Academy in Rome, Samuel H. Kress Foundation, American Council of Learned Societies, the Fulbright Program, and the Center for Advanced Study in Visual Arts at the National Gallery of Art.\n\nNumerous leading scholars have reviewed Johns\u2019s books as impactful contributions to such diverse fields as history of early-modern Italian culture, art, and architecture; history of the Catholic Church and the Jesuit order, and Asian art history. In her review of The Visual Culture of Catholic Enlightenment, Wendy Wassyng Roworth wrote that this \u201cgroundbreaking\" work is \"the first comprehensive study to illustrate how progressive papal policies and institutional reforms in the eighteenth century had a direct impact on the visual arts and design.\u201d June Hargrove has called Johns\u2019s book Antonio Canova and the Politics of Patronage in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Europe an \u201cinstructive study of Canova, his art, and its political context\u201d and \u201can indispensable history of patronage\u201d that has made \u201cour understanding of the artist and his art \u2026 ever the richer.\u201d John Pinto wrote that Johns\u2019s first monograph, Papal Art and Cultural Politics: Rome in the Age of Clement XI, is an important contribution to the history of art and to the study of eighteenth-century Rome.\u201d\n\nThrough his continuing scholarship, teaching, and service to the discipline, he has been a central figure in transforming the field of eighteenth-century art. He was a founding member of the Historians of Eighteenth-Century Art and Architecture and the president of the organization from 1994 to 2001.\n\nBibliography\n\nSingle authored books \n\n China and the Church: Chinoiserie in Global Context. University of California Press, 2016. \n The Visual Culture of Catholic Enlightenment. Penn State University Press, 2014. \n Antonio Canova and the Politics of Patronage in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Europe. University of California Press, 1998. . \nFinalist for Charles Rufus Morey Book Award, College Art Association of America\nPapal Art and Cultural Politics: Rome in the Age of Clement XI. Cambridge University Press, 1993.\n\nEdited volumes \n\n The Holy Name: Art of the Ges\u00f9: Bernini and His Age, volume 17 of Early Modern Catholicism and the Visual Arts, edited by Linda Wolk-Simon, with the collaboration of Christopher M. S. Johns. Saint Joseph's University Press, 2018.  \nEvening Standard Best Art Books of 2018\n Benedict XIV and the Enlightenment: Art, Science, and Spirituality, co-edited with Rebecca Messbarger and Philip Gavitt. University of Toronto Press, 2016.\n\nPublished essays \n\n \u201cMaking History at the Capitoline Museum: Maria Tibaldi Subleyras\u2019s \u2018Christ in the House of Simon the Pharisee,\u201d Eighteenth-Century Studies 52, no. 2 (2018): 167-171.\n \u201c\u2019Upon the roof of heav\u2019n\u2019: Giovanni Battista Gaulli\u2019s Dome, Pendentive, and Vault Frescoes at Il Ges\u00f9,\u201d in The Holy Name: Art of the Ges\u00f9: Bernini and His Age, ed. Linda Wolk-Simon, with the collaboration of Christopher M. S. Johns, Early Modern Catholicism and the Visual Arts, vol. 17 (Philadelphia: Saint Joseph's University Press, 2018), 269-323. \n \u201cThe Fortunes of the Society of Jesus: From Ecclesia Triumphans to Dominus ac Redemptor,\u201d in The Holy Name: Art of the Ges\u00f9: Bernini and His Age, ed. Linda Wolk-Simon, with the collaboration of Christopher M. S. Johns, Early Modern Catholicism and the Visual Arts, vol. 17 (Philadelphia: Saint Joseph's University Press, 2018), 33-60. \n\u201cChinoiserie in Piedmont: An International Language of Diplomacy and Modernity,\u201d in Turin and the British in the Age of the Grand Tour, ed. Karin E. Wolfe and Paola Bianchi (Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press and the British School at Rome, 2017), 281-300.\n\u201cIntroduction: The Scholar\u2019s Pope: Benedict XIV and Catholic Enlightenment,\u201d in Benedict XIV and the\u00a0Enlightenment: Art, Science, and Spirituality, ed. Rebecca Messbarger, Christopher M. S. Johns, and Philip Gavitt (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016), 3-14. \n\u201cCaffeine Culture and Papal Diplomacy: Benedict XIV\u2019s \u2018Caffeaus\u2019 in the Quirinal Gardens,\u201d in Benedict XIV and the\u00a0Enlightenment: Art, Science, and Spirituality, ed. Rebecca Messbarger, Christopher M. S. Johns, and Philip Gavitt (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016), 367-387.\n\u201cErotic Spirituality and the Catholic Revival in Napoleonic Paris: The Curious History of Antonio Canova\u2019s \u2018Penitent Magdalene\u2019,\u2019\u2019 Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture 42 (2013): 1-20.\n\u201cVisual Culture and the Triumph of Cosmopolitanism in Eighteenth-Century Rome,\u201d in Roma Britannica: Art Patronage and Cultural Exchange in Eighteenth-Century Rome, ed. David Marshall, Karin E. Wolfe, and Sue Russell, (London and Rome: The British School at\u00a0Rome, 2011), 13-21.\n\"Travel and Cultural Exchange in Enlightenment Rome,\" in Cultural Contact and the Making of European Art since the Age of Exploration, ed. Mary D. Sheriff (Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2010): 73-96.\n\u201cThe \u2018Good Bishop\u2019 of Catholic Enlightenment: Benedict XIV\u2019s Gifts to the Metropolitan Cathedral of Bologna,\u201d The Court Historian 14 (2009): 149-160.\n\"Gender and Genre in the Religious Art of the Catholic Enlightenment,\" in Italy's Eighteenth Century: Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour, ed. Paula Findlen, Wendy Wassyng Roworth, and Catherine Sama (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2008), 331-45; 451-55.\n\u201cExhibition Review: Pompeo Batoni: Prince of Painters in Eighteenth-Century Rome,\u201d Burlington Magazine 150 (April 2008): 269-270.\n\"The Roman Experience of Jacques-Louis David, 1775-1780,\u201d in Jacques-Louis David: New Perspectives, ed. Dorothy Johnson (Newark, Delaware and London: University of Delaware Press, 2006), 58-70.\n\u201cPapa Albani and Francesco Bianchini: Intellectual and Visual Culture in Early Eighteenth-Century Rome,\u201d in Francesco Bianchini (1662-1729) und die europ\u00e4ische gelehrte Welt um 1700, ed. Valentin Kockel and Brigitte S\u00f6lch. Colloquia Augustana, vol. 21 (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2005), 41-55.\n\"Portraiture and the Making of National Identity: Pompeo Batoni's 'The Honourable Colonel William Gordon\u2019 (1765-66) in Italy and North Britain,\" Art History 27 (2004): 382-411.\n\"The Empress Josephine's Collection of Sculpture by Antonio Canova at Malmaison,\" Journal of the History of Collections 16 (2004): 19-33.\n\"'An Ornament of Italy and the Premier Female Painter of Europe': Rosalba Carriera and the Roman Academy,\" in Women, Art, and the Politics of Identity in Eighteenth-Century Europe, ed. Melissa Hyde and Jennifer Milam (London: Ashgate, 2003), 20-45.\n\u201cProslavery Rhetoric and Classical Authority: Antonio Canova\u2019s \u2018George Washington\u2019,\u201d Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 47 (2003): 119-150.\n\"The Conceptualization of Form and the Modern Sculptural Masterpiece: Canova's Drawings for 'Venus Italica',\" Master Drawings 41 (2003): 128-139.\n\"The Entrep\u00f4t of Europe: Rome in the Eighteenth Century,\" in Art in Rome in the Eighteenth Century, ed. Joseph J. Rishel and Edgar Peters Bowron (Philadelphia and London: Merrell Hoberton, 2000), 17-46. \n\"Ecclesiastical Politics and Papal Tombs: Antonio Canova's Monuments to Clement XIV and Clement XIII,\" The Sculpture Journal 2 (1998): 58-71.\n\"'That Amiable Object of Adoration': Pompeo Batoni and the Sacred Heart,\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts 132 (1998): 19-28.\n\"Subversion through Historical Association: Canova's Madame M\u00e8re and the Politics of Napoleonic Portraiture,\" Word & Image 13 (1997): 43-57.\n\"Venetian Eighteenth-Century Art and the Status Quo,\" review of the exhibition 'The Glory of Venice',\" Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, Eighteenth-Century Studies 28 (1995): 427-428.\n\"Portrait Mythology: Antonio Canova's Representations of the Bonapartes,\" Eighteenth-Century Studies 28 (1994): 115-129.\n\"Art and Science in Eighteenth-Century Bologna: Donato Creti's Astronomical Landscape\u00a0Paintings,\" Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte 55 (1992): 578-589.\n\"Re-framing Art History: Text and Context,\" Eighteenth-Century Studies 26 (1992): 517-522.\n\"French Connections to Papal Art and Politics in the Rome of Clement XI, 1700-1721,\"\u00a0Storia dell'Arte 67 (1990): 279-285.\nCo-authored with Steven F. Ostrow, \"Illuminations of S. Maria Maggiore in the Early Settecento,\" Burlington Magazine 123 (1990): 528-534.\n\"Antonio Canova and Austrian Art Policy,\" in Austria in the Age of the French Revolution, ed. Kinley Brauer and William E. Wright (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990), 83-90.\n\"Antonio Canova's 'Napoleon as Mars': Nudity and Mixed Genre in Neoclassical Portraiture,\" Proceedings of the Consortium on Revolutionary Europe, 1750-1850\u00a0(1990): 368-382.\n\"Antonio Canova's Drawings for 'Hercules and Lichas',\" Master Drawings 27 (1989): 358-367.\n\"Papal Patronage and Cultural Bureaucracy in Eighteenth-Century Rome: Clement XI and the Accademia di San Luca,\" Eighteenth-Century Studies 22 (1988): 1-23.\n\"Politics, Nationalism, and Friendship in Van Dyck's 'Le Roi \u00e0 la Ciasse',\" Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte 51 (1988): 243-261. \n\"Clement XI, Carlo Fontana, and Santa Maria Maggiore in the Early Eighteenth Century,\" Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 45 (1986): 286-293.\n\"Some Observations on Collaboration and Patronage in the Altieri Chapel, San Francesco a Ripa: Bernini and Gaulli,\" Storia dell'Arte 50 (1984): 43-47.\n\"Theater and Theory: Thomas Sully's 'George Frederick Cooke as Richard III',\" Winterthur Portfolio 18 (1983): 27-38.\n\nExhibition catalogue entries \n\n In The Holy Name: Art of the Ges\u00f9: Bernini and His Age, ed. Linda Wolk-Simon, with the collaboration of Christopher M. S. Johns. Early Modern Catholicism and the Visual Arts, vol. 17. (Philadelphia: Saint Joseph\u2019s University Press, 2018):\n \"Giovanni Battista Gaulli,\" pp. 432-437; 498-501; 504-509\n \"Gianlorenzo Bernini,\" pp. 510-513\n \"Filippo Copranese,\" pp. 542-543.\n In Art in Rome in the Eighteenth Century, ed. Joseph J. Rishel and Edgar Peters Bowron  \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (Philadelphia and London, 2000)\n \"Antonio Canova,\" pp. 234-239 \n \"Giuseppe Chiari,\" pp. 345-348\n \"Sebastiano Conca,\" pp. 348 and 492-493\n \"Francesco Trevisani,\" pp. 441-446\n\nEncyclopedia entries \n\n \u201cDavid, Jacques-Louis,\u201d in The Classical Tradition, ed. Anthony Grafton, Glenn Most, and Salvatore Settis (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010), 252-253.\n \"Neoclassicism, [4: 264-68],\" \"Canova, Antonio, [1: 376-378],\" and \"Mengs, Anton Raphael [4: 94-96],\" in Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern\u00a0World, ed. John Dewald, 6 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons, 2004).\n \"Benincampi, Teresa.\" in Dictionary of Women Artists, ed. Delia Gaze,  (London, 1997), 243-44.\n \"Bertotti Scamozzi, Ottavio,\" in The Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects, 4 vols. (New York, 1982), 1: 203-204.\n\nBook reviews \n\n Review for David Bindman, Warm Flesh, Cold Marble: Canova, Thorvaldsen and Their Critics (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2014), in The Sculpture Journal 24 (2015): 117-119.\n Review for Tommaso Manfredi, Filippo Juvarra: Gli anni giovanili (Rome: Argos, 2010), in Palladio 51 (2013): 134-136. \n Review for Carole Paul, The Borghese Collectiosn and the Display of Art in the Age of the Grand Tour (Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing, 2008), in Burlington Magazine 152 (2010): 480-481. \n Review for Nigel Aston, Art and Religion in Eighteenth-Century Europe (London: Reaktion Books, 2009), in Sehepunkte: Rezensionsjournal f\u00fcr die Geschichtswissenschaften Sehepunkte 10 (June 15, 2010). \n Review for Susan Vandiver Nicassio, Imperial City: Rome, Romans, and Napoleon, 1796-1815 (Welwyn Garden city, England: Ravenhall Books, 2005), in Journal of Modern History 80 (2008): 688-690.\n Review for Jeffrey Collins, Papacy and Politics in Eighteenth-Century Rome: Pius VI and the Arts (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004), in Eighteenth-Century Studies 39 (2006): 561-564. \n Review for Steffi Roettgen, Anton Raphael Mengs, 1728-1779, 2 vols.  (Munich: Hirmer, 1999-2003), in Kunstkronik 59 (2006): 400-404. \n Review for Elisabeth Kieven and John Pinto, Pietro Bracci and Eighteenth-Century Rome (University Park, Pa., and Montr\u00e9al: Pennsylvania State University Press and Canadian Centre for Architecture, 2001), in Master Drawings 41 (2003): 174-176. \nReview for Matthias V\u00f6gel, Johann Heinrich F\u00fcssli: Darsteller der Leidenschaft (Z\u00fcrich: InterPublishers, 2001), in Master Drawings 41 (2003): 74-75. \nReview for Per Bjurstr\u00f6m, Nicolas Pio as a Collector of Drawings (Stockholm: Suecoromana II, 1995), in Master Drawings 40 (2002): 262-264.\nReview for John J. Ciofalo, The Self-Portraits of Francisco Goya (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), in CAA On-Line Reviews (April 26, 2001). \nReview for William St. Claire, Lord Elgin and the Marbles: The Controversial History of the Parthenon Sculptures (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), in Eighteenth-Century Studies 34 (2000): 309-311. \nReview for Shearer West, ed., Italian Culture in Northern Europe in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999), in CAA On-Line Reviews (October 4, 1999). \nReview for Paula Rea Radisich, Hubert Robert: Painted Spaces of the Enlightenment (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999), in CAA On-Line Reviews (May 14, 1999). \nReview for James David Draper and Guilhem Scherf, Augustin Pajou: Dessinateur en Italie, 1752-1756 (Paris: Librairie des Arts et M\u00e9tiers-\u00c9ditions Jacques Laget, 1997), in Master Drawings 37 (1999): 69-70. \nReview for Petra Lamers, Il viaggio nel Sud dell'Abb\u00e9 de Saint-Non (Naples: Electa Napoli, 1995), in Master Drawings 36 (1998): 313-315. \nReview for David Bindman and Malcolm Baker, Roubiliac and the Eighteenth-Century Monument: Sculpture as Theatre (New Have and London: Yale University Press, 1995) and Marie Busco, Sir Richard Westmacott: Sculptor (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), in Art Bulletin 78 (1996): 565-568.\nReview for Elisabeth Kieven, ed., Ferdinando Fuga e l'architettura del Settecento (Florence: De Luca Editrice, 1988), in Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 50 (1991): 324-325. \nReview for Hanns Gross, Rome in the Age of Enlightenment (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), in Burlington Magazine 133 (1991): 204-205. \nReview for Norma Broude, The Macchiaioli: Italian Painters of the Nineteenth Century (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1988), in Italica 67 (1990): 222-224. \nReview for Carolyn Springer, The Marble Wilderness: Ruins and Representations in Italian Romanticism, 1775-1850 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988), in Journal of European Ideas 10 (1989): 127-128.\nReview for John Pinto, The Trevi Fountain (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1986), in Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46 (1987): 184-185.\n\nPublished translation \n Tommaso Manfredi, \u201cAcademic Practice and Roman Architecture during the Reign of Benedict XIV,\u201d in Benedict XIV and the Enlightenment: Art, Science, and Spirituality, ed. Rebecca Messbarger, Christopher M. S. Johns, and Philip Gavitt (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016), 439-466. Translated from Italian.\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:University of Delaware alumni\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:American art historians\nCategory:Vanderbilt University faculty\nCategory:Florida State University alumni\nCategory:University of Virginia faculty\nCategory:Fulbright Scholars\nCategory:1955 births\nCategory:20th-century American historians\nCategory:21st-century American historians\nCategory:20th-century American male writers\nCategory:21st-century American male writers"], ["Dalla Viola\n\nDalla Viola (also Della Viola, De la Viola, and Viola) was an Italian family of musicians, active from about 1470 to 1570. The most prominent members were:\n\n Alfonso dalla Viola (c. 1508 \u2013 c. 1573), composer and instrumentalist\n Francesco dalla Viola (d. 1568), choirmaster and composer\n\nNotes"], ["Raymond Orpen\n\nRaymond d\u2019Audemar Orpen (31 August 1837 \u2013 9 January 1930) was an Irish cleric in the 20th century.\n\nHe was a curate at Rathronan and then Adare before becoming the Incumbent of Tralee. He was Archdeacon of Ardfert until his ordination to the episcopate as Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe in 1907. He retired in 1921.\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1837 births\nCategory:1930 deaths\nCategory:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin\nCategory:Irish Anglicans\nCategory:Archdeacons of Ardfert\nCategory:20th-century Anglican bishops\nCategory:Bishops of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe\nCategory:Diocese of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe"], ["Carrigafoyle\n\nCarrigafoyle may refer to:\n\n Carrigafoyle, Wellington\n Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle"], ["Portanova\n\nPortanova may refer to:\n\nPeople\n Daniele Portanova, an Italian football player\n Gennaro Portanova, an Italian Catholic cardinal\n\nPlaces\n Portanova (Casal Cermelli), a civil parish of the commune of Casal Cermelli in the  Province of Alessandria, Italy\n\nOther\n Portanova (Osijek), a shopping center in Osijek, Croatia\n Porta Nova (Volterra), a city gate of the commune of Volterra, in Tuscany, Italy\n\nSee also\nPorta Nuova (disambiguation)"], ["Eastern meadowlark\n\nThe eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna) is a medium-sized icterid bird, very similar in appearance to the western meadowlark. It occurs from eastern North America to South America, where it is also most widespread in the east.\n\nDescription\nThe adult eastern meadowlark measures from  in length and spans  across the wings. Body mass ranges from . The extended wing bone measures , the tail measures , the culmen measures  and the tarsus measures . Females are smaller in all physical dimensions. Adults have yellow underparts with a black \"V\" on the breast and white flanks with black streaks. The upperparts are mainly brown with black streaks. They have a long pointed bill; the head is striped with light brown and black.\n\nThe song of this bird is of pure, melancholy whistles, and thus simpler than the jumbled and flutey song of the western meadowlark; their ranges overlap across central North America. In the field, the song is often the easiest way to tell the two species apart, though plumage differences do exist, like tail pattern and malar coloration.\n\nThe pale Lilian's meadowlark of northern Mexico and the southwestern US is sometimes split off as a separate species.\n\nTaxonomy\n\nThis species was first described by Linnaeus in his 1758 Systema naturae as Alauda magna. The type locality is mistakenly given as \"America, Africa\".\n\nLinnaeus' error is explained by two facts: first, he did not distinguish between the eastern and western meadowlarks. The peculiar belief that this bird also occurred in Africa is due to confusion of the yellow-breasted meadowlarks with certain longclaws (Macronyx), quite unrelated African songbirds. Specifically the Cape longclaw (M. capensis) and the yellow-throated longclaw (M. croceus) share similar habitat and habits, explaining the long hind toe; their plumage pattern however is all but identical, a striking example of convergent evolution. As this exact pattern provides no obvious adaptive benefit compared to that of other meadowlarks and longclaws, it seems to have arisen twice by sheer chance.\n\nLinnaeus recognized his error less than a decade later, separating the longclaws from their meadowlark look-alikes.\n\nThe scientific name Sturnella magna is Latin for, rather confusingly, \"large little starling\", the generic name having been given due to the meadowlarks' behavior being similar to starlings.\n\nEcology\nTheir breeding habitat is grasslands and prairie, also pastures and hay fields. This species is a permanent resident throughout much of its range, though most northern birds migrate southwards in winter.  \nIn 1993 this species was first recorded in El Salvador, and the discovery of a breeding pair in 2004 confirmed that the species is a resident there.\n\nThese birds forage on the ground or in low vegetation, sometimes probing with the bill. They mainly eat arthropods, but also seeds and berries. In winter, they often feed in flocks.\n\nNesting occurs throughout the summer months. The nest is also on the ground, covered with a roof woven from grasses. There may be more than one nesting female in a male's territory.\n\nThe numbers of this species increased as forests were cleared in eastern North America. This species is ideally suited to farmland areas, especially where tall grasses are allowed to grow. Their numbers are now shrinking with a decline in suitable habitat. On the other hand, its range is expanding in parts of Central America toward the Pacific (western) side of the continent, in agricultural-type areas.\n\nConservation efforts \nEastern meadowlarks are species at risk in Nova Scotia and the subject of agricultural conservation program seeking to reduce mortality through modified practices. Allowing marginal areas of fields on farms to seed with grass can provide nesting habitat for meadowlarks and all grassland birds. Delaying hay harvest can also improve survival, giving young meadowlarks a chance of fledging\n\nGallery\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n Eastern meadowlark Bird Sound at Florida Museum of Natural History\n \n\neastern meadowlark\nCategory:Native birds of Eastern Canada\nCategory:Native birds of the Eastern United States\nCategory:Native birds of the Plains-Midwest (United States)\nCategory:Native birds of the Southwestern United States\nCategory:Birds of the U.S. Rio Grande Valleys\nCategory:Birds of Central America\nCategory:Birds of Cuba\nCategory:Birds of Colombia\nCategory:Birds of Venezuela\nCategory:Birds of the Guianas\neastern meadowlark\nCategory:Birds of the Amazon Basin\nCategory:Birds of Brazil"], ["\u00c9ric Fichaud\n\n\u00c9ric Joseph Fichaud (born November 4, 1975) is a retired professional ice hockey goaltender.  He was selected in the first round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft, 16th overall, by the Toronto Maple Leafs.\n\nJunior career\nFichaud played net for the Chicoutimi Saguen\u00e9ens in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. In 1994, he led his team to the Memorial Cup, winning a host of awards, including the Hap Emms Memorial Trophy as top goaltender and playoff MVP awards. A classic butterfly goaltender in the Patrick Roy mold, Fichaud looked to be a future National Hockey League starting netminder.\n\nProfessional career\nShortly after being drafted, Fichaud was traded to the New York Islanders for Beno\u00eet Hogue, a 1995 3rd round pick (Ryan Pepperall) and a 1996 5th round pick (Brandon Sugden), without ever playing a game for Toronto. Fichaud never lived up to the lofty expectations his fantastic junior career had led to, bouncing between the minor leagues and the NHL.  Shoulder injuries played a key role, and despite Fichaud's best efforts, he was unable to recapture his previous form.  Eventually, Fichaud settled into the role as the starting goalie for the AHL's Hamilton Bulldogs.\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1975 births\nCategory:Canadian ice hockey goaltenders\nCategory:Carolina Hurricanes players\nCategory:Chicoutimi Saguen\u00e9ens (QMJHL) players\nCategory:Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players\nCategory:Ice hockey people from Quebec\nCategory:Krefeld Pinguine players\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Manitoba Moose players\nCategory:Milwaukee Admirals (IHL) players\nCategory:Montreal Canadiens players\nCategory:Nashville Predators players\nCategory:National Hockey League first round draft picks\nCategory:New York Islanders players\nCategory:People from Anjou, Quebec\nCategory:Quebec Citadelles players\nCategory:Quebec RadioX players\nCategory:Sportspeople from Montreal\nCategory:Toronto Maple Leafs draft picks\nCategory:Utah Grizzlies (IHL) players\nCategory:Worcester IceCats players\nCategory:Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Germany\nCategory:Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States"]]
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tests/testdata/pile_wikipedia-v0-res.json

-{"results": {"pile_wikipedia": {"word_perplexity": 1.0010049382426887, "byte_perplexity": 1.0001446248277406, "bits_per_byte": 0.00014461437057832307}}, "versions": {"pile_wikipedia": 0}}
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+{"results": {"pile_wikipedia": {"bits_per_byte": 0.00016834722287561703, "byte_perplexity": 1.0001683613940646, "word_perplexity": 1.001084677949439}}, "versions": {"pile_wikipedia": 0}}
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tests/testdata/pile_youtubesubtitles-v0-loglikelihood_rolling

+68263c52adc0086011e2220b619983935cabb1cc1f5f9f8ee1a74ab2a7457967
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tests/testdata/pile_youtubesubtitles-v0-loglikelihood_rolling.json

-[["today we're going to talk about some\nessential oil mistakes that people make\nwhen they're first starting out and some\npeople wind up using essential oils for\na little while\n6 mistakes you don't want to make stay\ntuned until the very end because you're\nnot gonna want to miss these after this\nyou'll know a better way to safely use\nessential oils number 1 of thinking that\nbecause essential oils are all-natural\nthat they are completely safe nothing\ncould be further from the truth\noils are extremely powerful and should\nbe used with respect just like anything\nelse that is powerful for example one\ndrop of peppermint oil is the equivalent\nof 68 cups of peppermint tea when was\nthe last time you drink 68 cups of\npeppermint tea in one sitting one drop\nof orange oil is the equivalent of 150\npounds worth of orange rinds like I\ndon't think I want to watch anyone eat\nthat many orange rinds so they're\nextremely powerful they're not\ncompletely safe you have to use them\nwith respect even if you have the best\nquality oils which I believe that I use,\nI still use them conservatively because\nthey are so potent the number 2 thing\nthat people do and I see this frequently\nessential oils are all over the place\nthey are at the grocery store there are\nevery little tchotchke shop they are\nliterally everywhere but making sure\nthat you have a good quality oil is\nreally important and just like outerwear\nyou can pay $50 for a jacket at Walmart\nor you can pay 300 for a North Face\njacket well which company do you think\nis doing more R&D to make sure that\nyou're getting the most for your money\nI'm not saying the most expensive oils\nare the best but I'm saying go with the\ncompany that you know has a large\ntesting protocol and make sure that you\nare confident in that just because you\nsee something on the Shelf doesn't mean\nthat it's a good quality a lot of people\nthink that\nas the FDA regulate as generally\nregarded as safe that that means that\nthere's some kind of standard that they\nhave well let me tell you the standard\nthat they have is one drop of oil in\nthat bottle has to be essential oil and\nthe rest can all be carrier oil even if\nit says organic that just means all of\nthe carrier oil has to be organic so\nmake sure you're using a good quality\noil that you know is tested for the\nexact chemical profile of the plant that\nyou're looking for number 3 mistake not\ndiluting people and I see this all the\ntime people are like oh yeah just put it\non your neck or put it on your wrist or\nput it you know on your body it's called\napplying \"neat\" and I'll say that most of\nthe time I don't apply oils the neat I\nam 99.9% of the time I dilute essential\noils and that's for a couple of reasons\none skin sensitivities develop over time\nyou may not know the first time you use\nthat oil or even the 50th time you use\nthat oil but the 51st time you use\nthat oil you get skin sensitivities so\nwhat diluting it does is make sure that\nit spreads it out over a larger surface\narea of the skin and it reduces the\nprobability that you'll have a skin\nsensitivity so make sure that you're\ndiluting it number 3 mistake....  you\nwill hear people all over the place\nsaying just put this in your water put\nlemon oil on your water put peppermint\noil in your water taking oils internally\nis a completely different can of worms\nand this is what I'll say should you\ndecide to do that make sure that you're\nonly drinking or putting essential oils\nin a stainless steel or glass container\nthat includes the straw so in when\nessential oils come in contact with\nplastic they actually release fake\nestrogens which go into your body\nattached to your estrogen\nreceptors which  leads your body to believe that\nyou have more estrogen that you do than\nyou do in your body and it can\ncompletely disrupt your endocrine system\nso glass that doesn't happen with and \nstainless steel that doesn't happen with check out my video about if your dryer sheets are killing you.\nI've actually seen it essential oils eat\nthrough styrofoam and so then who knows\nwhat you're ingesting if you do that so\nmake sure that you don't have a\nstainless steel water bottle with a\nglass straw or with a plastic straw or a\nglass water bottle with a plastic top\nlike my favorite thing to use is a glass\nmason jar with the stainless steel top\nthat has a stainless-steel straw stuck\nthrough it that way there's no chance\nthat those oils are coming into contact\nwith any kind of silicone or plastic\nthat they can potentially release\nchemicals from.  The number 4 Danger is using photosensitive\noils and then going out into the Sun\neven if you dilute it properly\nphotosensitive oils will create a burn\nor a skin reaction when they're exposed\nto the Sun so these in general are your\ncitrus oils and cumin you want to make\nsure that your citrus oils and cumin\nthat you're if you're applying them\ntopically you're applying them to a part\nof your body where it will not be\nexposed to sunlight should you decide to\ngo out in the Sun.  Check out my video on essential oils and sun safety.   The next mistake that\npeople make is blasting their diffuser\nall day long so every time those\nparticles are in your area you breathe\nthem in your body has to process it just\nlike it processes everything else that\nyou've taken to your body anything you\nbreathe in anything you eat drink so a\nbetter practice would be to turn the\ndiffuser on for equal amounts of time\nthat you turn it off I love diffusing\nand so I will typically diffuse for a\nfew hours\nturn the diffuser off let it rest for a\ncouple hours I\nturn it back on or I'll turn my diffuser\non for four hours in the morning and\nthen right before my husband gets home\nfrom work I'll turn it on for a few\nhours in the evening and then I turn it\noff just to give my body a rest if you\nstay away from these five big mistakes\nthat people make you should be able to\nuse essential oils completely safe and\nreally enjoy your experience with them\nif you think this video is helpful make\nsure to subscribe share with your\nfriends hit the notifications button if\nyou're looking to get started with\nessential oils email me my contact\ninformation is below I love to help you\nget started I will personally respond to\nanyone who is looking to get started\nwith me I hope you have a great day\nthank you so much for watching I'll see\nyou in the next video\n"], ["yeah we've we've the whole week we've\nbeen hearing about security in Pakistan\nand it's really brought home to Qatar\nand I the importance the relationship\nbetween UK and Pakistan and I think what\npeople don't realize is how much effort\ngoes into the UK Pakistani relationship\nin keeping the security piece together\nand a lot of effort a lot of lives being\nlost by the Pakistanis in securing large\nparts of this country over the years and\nand those sacrifices from the Pakistanis\nshould be acknowledged it's been a huge\nhuge undertaking for them I think the\nfact that we're here today and we're\nwitnessing UK Pakistanis security\nworking together shows you how important\nit is and actually what happens here in\nPakistan directly correlates to what\nhappens on the streets of the UK and I\nthink it's really important that\neveryone back home realizes that you\nknow we have a far ranging far-reaching\nprojection of what we're doing and we're\ninvolved with Pakistanis for a very good\nreason that will actually keep people\nsafe back in the UK so what happens in\nPakistan directly correlates to what\nhappens back in the UK\nSubscribe Now\n"], ["Hi, I'm Penn and this is my partner Teller.\nWe're Penn and Teller.\nLight travels in a straight line,\nunless it hits something\nor is pulled by gravity.\nOf course, it goes faster than that in the real world.\nWhen light hits something,\nit can be bent,\nbounced,\nor absorbed,\nor it can just look really stupid.\nor it can just look really stupid.\n( exaggerated stretching noise )\nScience.\nScience.\nHi, I'm Penn, and this is my partner Teller.\nWe're Penn and Teller.\nDid you ever, I don't know,\nlook at yourself in a spoon?\nWell, if you look at yourself this way,\nyou're right side up.\nBut, if you look at yourself this way,\nyou flip upside-down.\nWhy is that?\nWell, let's look at the spoon sideways.\nSee, the upside-down way,\nthe light waves come in,\nbounce and cross themselves,\nmaking you look upside down.\nSee?\nWhoa!\nScience.\n( empty tapping )\n"], ["\nFrench: \nDepuis la premi\u00e8re planche gonflable \nle tissu Dropstitch a \u00e9t\u00e9 la norme de l'industrie\nmais maintenant, apr\u00e8s 5 ans de fabrication,\nStarboard pr\u00e9sente sa nouvelle technologie de tissus\nsur quasiment toutes ses planches gonflables\nQue cela veut-il dire pour vous en tant que paddler?\nVotre planche sera plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re, forte, rigide\net plus r\u00e9active.\nMaintenant j'aimerais rentrer un peu dans les d\u00e9tails\ndans les fils de base\nSur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 gauche vous pouvez voir les fils de base\nSur votre droite - les tissus Woven\nIl est clair qu'il y a plus d'espace et de jeu\nentre les fils de base\nce qui les rend plus flexibles et \u00e9tirables\nAlors que les fils Woven ... sont\nplus r\u00e9sistants, plus rigides et plus r\u00e9actifs\nL'espace entre les fils donne \u00e0 la planche gonflable sa\nstructure et sa forme.\nLes fils de base apportent r\u00e9sistance et rigidit\u00e9\nEt combin\u00e9s ils donnent \u00e0 la planche gonflable\nsa grande rigidit\u00e9.\n\nJapanese: \n\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u767b\u5834\u4ee5\u6765\n\u30cb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30c1\u306f\u696d\u754c\u6a19\u6e96\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4eca\u30015\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u958b\u767a\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\n\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30a6\u30fc\u30d9\u30f3\u30c6\u30af\u30ce\u30ed\u30b8\u30fc\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u307e\u3059\n\u307b\u3069\u3093\u3069\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u3002\n\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30d1\u30c9\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306b\u4f55\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff1f\n\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3088\u308a\u8efd\u304f\u3001\u5f37\u304f\u3001\u786c\u304f\u3001\n\u3088\u308a\u53cd\u5fdc\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u7cf8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3046\u5c11\u3057\u8a73\u3057\u304f\n\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\n\u5de6\u5074\u304c\u30cb\u30c3\u30c8\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u7cf8\u3067\u3059\n\u53f3\u5074\u304c\u30a6\u30fc\u30d9\u30f3\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u7cf8\u3067\u3059\n\u30cb\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u7de8\u307f\u7269\u306f\u3088\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306e\n\u7a7a\u9593\u3068\u904a\u3073\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u3059\n\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3068\u4f38\u7e2e\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\n\u7e54\u7269\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a6\u30fc\u30d9\u30f3\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306f\u2026\n\u3088\u308a\u5805\u304f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u786c\u304f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u53cd\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\u4e2d\u7a7a\u7cf8\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\n\u69cb\u9020\u3068\u5f62\u72b6\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u7cf8\u306f\u5f37\u5ea6\u3068\u525b\u6027\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\n\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\n\u7d20\u6674\u3089\u3057\u3044\u525b\u6027\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\nChinese: \n\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e00\u584a\u5145\u6c23\u677f\u4ee5\u4f86\n\u91dd\u7e54\u62c9\u7d72\u6280\u8853\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u884c\u696d\u6a19\u6e96\n\u4f46\u7d93\u904e5\u5e74\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\nStarboard\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7de8\u7e54\u6280\u8853\n\u7528\u5728\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5145\u6c23\u677f\u4e0a\u3002\n\u4f5c\u70ba\u69f3\u624b\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u60a8\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\n\u60a8\u7684\u69f3\u677f\u5c07\u66f4\u8f15\uff0c\u66f4\u5805\u56fa\uff0c\u66f4\u786c\n\u4e26\u4e14\u53cd\u61c9\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\n\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u60f3\u5c0d\u57fa\u790e\u7d17\u7dda\n\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\n\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u5de6\u624b\u908a\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u91dd\u7e54\u5e95\u7d17\n\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u53f3\u624b\u908a-\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7de8\u7e54\u7684\u5e95\u7d17\n\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u91dd\u7e54\u7d17\u7dda\u4e4b\u9593\n\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u904a\u9699\n\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u66f4\u5177\u67d4\u97cc\u6027\u548c\u5f48\u529b\n\u800c\u7de8\u7e54\u7684...\n\u5247\u66f4\u786c\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u525b\u6027\u4e14\u53cd\u61c9\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\n\u9593\u9694\u7d17\u7dda\u8ce6\u4e88\u5145\u6c23\u677f\u5176\n\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u5f62\u72c0\u3002\n\u57fa\u790e\u7d17\u7dda\u8ce6\u4e88\u5176\u5f37\u5ea6\u548c\u525b\u6027\n\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4f7f\u5145\u6c23\u677f\u5177\u6709\n\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u786c\u5ea6\n\nEnglish: \nEver since the first inflatable board\nknitted dropstitch has been the industry standard\nbut now, after 5 years in the making\nStarboard is introducing the new Woven Technology\ninto almost all of their inflatable boards\nWhat does this mean for you as a paddler?\nYour board is going to be lighter, stronger, stiffer\nand more responsive.\nNow I want to go a little more into detail\ninto the base yarns\nOn your left hand side, you can see Knitted base yarns\nOn your right-hand side, the Woven ones\nIt is clear that there is more room and play\nin between the knitted yarns\nthat makes them more flexible and more stretchy\nWhereas the Woven ones.. they are\nstiffer, more rigid and more responsive\nThe space yarns give the inflatable board its\nstructure and shape.\nThe base yarns give it its strength and rigidity\nAnd combined they give the inflatable board\nits great stiffness.\n\nSpanish: \nDesde la primera tabla inflable\nel tejido dropstitch ha sido el est\u00e1ndar de la industria\npero ahora, despu\u00e9s de 5 a\u00f1os en fabricaci\u00f3n,\nStarboard presenta la nueva Tecnolog\u00eda de Tejidos\nen casi todas sus tablas inflables.\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 significa esto para ti como paddlero?\nTu tabla va a ser m\u00e1s ligera, fuerte, r\u00edgida\ny m\u00e1s receptiva.\nAhora quiero entrar un poco m\u00e1s en detalles\nen los hilos base\nA tu izquierda puedes ver los hilos de base de punto.\nA tu derecha - los Tejidos\nEst\u00e1 claro que hay m\u00e1s espacio y juego\nentre los hilos de punto\nque los hace m\u00e1s flexibles y m\u00e1s el\u00e1sticos.\nMientras que los tejidos....son\nm\u00e1s resistentes, m\u00e1s r\u00edgidos y m\u00e1s receptivos.\nLos espacios de los hilos confieren a la tabla inflable su\nestructura y dise\u00f1o.\nLos hilos base aportan resistencia y rigidez\ny combinados le dan a la tabla inflable\nsu gran rigidez.\n\nGerman: \nSeit dem ersten aufblasbaren Board \nsteht \"gestricktes\" Drop Stich Material den Industriestandard\nWir haben 5 Jahre entwickelt..\n..und pr\u00e4sentieren nun unsere neue \"Woven Technology\"\nin fast allen unseren Starboard Inflatable Boards\nWas bedeutet das gewebte Material f\u00fcr dich als Paddler?\nDein Brett wird leichter, st\u00e4rker und steifer...\nund reagiert sensibler\nLasst mich nun etwas mehr ins Detail gehen\nund das Material selbst betrachten\nlinks seht ihr das gestrickte Rohmaterial\nrechts ist das Material gewebt \nzwischen dem gestrickten Material\ngibt es deutlich mehr Platz f\u00fcr Bewegung\nwodurch sp\u00e4ter auch dein Board weicher sein wird. \nDagegen das gewebte Material..\ndas deutlich steifer und stabiler ist \nDoch das Material gibt dem Inflatable Board auch \nStruktur und Shape.\nDie \"Base Yarns\" verleihen dem Board seine Steifigkeit\nund geben in Kombination \nein stabiles Gesamtpaket.\n\nChinese: \n\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7de8\u7e54\u7d17\u7dda\u6bcf\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5bf8\n\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u9593\u9694\u7d17\u7dda\n\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u6750\u6599\n\u9019\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5145\u6c23\u677f\n\u8f15\u4e861.5\u516c\u65a4\n\u60a8\u7684\u69f3\u677f\u66f4\u8f15\n\u60a8\u7684\u69f3\u677f\u66f4\u786c\uff0c\u525b\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u4e14\u53cd\u61c9\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\n\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7de8\u7e54\u6280\u8853\u3002\n\nJapanese: \n\u6211\u3005\u306e\u30a6\u30fc\u30d9\u30f3\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30c1\u306f\n\u5e73\u65b9\u30a4\u30f3\u30c1\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u4e2d\u7a7a\u7cf8\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\n\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u6750\u6599\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\n\u6211\u3005\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30bf\u30d6\u30eb\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\n\u6700\u59271.5kg\u8efd\u91cf\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3088\u308a\u8efd\u304f\u3001\n\u3088\u308a\u5805\u304f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u786c\u304f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u53cd\u5fdc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\n\u3053\u308c\u304c\u6211\u3005\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30a6\u30fc\u30d9\u30f3\u6280\u8853\u3067\u3059\u3002\n\nFrench: \nNotre nouveau tissu Woven a un nombre plus faible\nde fils espac\u00e9s par m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9\nce qui veut dire que nous utilisons moins de mat\u00e9riau\net cela rend nos planches gonflables \njusqu'\u00e0 1.5 kilos plus l\u00e9g\u00e8res.\nVotre planche est plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re,\nVotre planche est plus r\u00e9sistante, plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re et plus r\u00e9active\nCeci est notre toute nouvelle technologie Woven.\n\nEnglish: \nOur woven dropstitch has a lower number\nof space yarns per square inch\nMeaning we use less material\nand this makes our inflatable boards\nup to 1.5kg lighter\nYour board is lighter\nYour board is stiffer, more rigid and more responsive\nThis is our brand new Woven technology.\n\nSpanish: \nNuestro tejido woven dropstitch tiene un n\u00famero m\u00e1s bajo\nde espacios entre los hilos por cada pulgada cuadrada\nLo que significa que usamos menos material\ny esto hace que nuestras tablas inflables\nsean hasta 1,5 kg m\u00e1s ligeras\nTu tabla es m\u00e1s ligera,\ntu tabla es m\u00e1s resistente, m\u00e1s r\u00edgida y m\u00e1s reactiva.\nEsta es nuestra nueva tecnolog\u00eda Woven.\n\nGerman: \nUnser gewebtes Dropstich Material hat au\u00dferdem deutlich weniger Material, \ndas f\u00fcr einen Quadratmeter Rohmaterial verbraucht wird\nWeniger Material bedeutet \nweniger Gewicht\nwodurch unsere Inflatables 1,5kg leichter werden\nDeutlich bessere Fahreigenschaften bei leichterem Gewicht, \ngepaart mit hoher Steifigkeit und Reaktionsf\u00e4higkeit \nDas ist unsere neue \"Woven Technology\" .\n"], [""], ["2016 and not in the mood, for a boring, hot summer\nOh no\nI do not want such a boring hot summer\ntime\nfor some\nheavy cooling\nThe OrkhaftOnAir Event-Check 2016\nMake heavy metal great again\nWe visit for you\nthe best\nmetal and alternativ\nfestivals\nfeaturing this year\n26. - 28. may\nRock im Revier\n07. - 09. July\nRockharz Open Air\non the 29th of July\nthe Saarmagedon Festival\n17. - 20. August\nSummer Breeze Open Air\nOn the 19th of September\nGeschrubb und Geschepper Festival\nas well as\n02.- 03. Dezember\nRuhrpott Metal Meeting\nEvent-videos\nInterviews\nand\nPOWER\nGet creazy and switch on\nThe OrkhaftOnAir Event-Check 2016\nMake heavy metal great again\nand if you not subscribed by now\nwe come directly\nhome to you\nand party so hard\nuntil you go to the kitchen\nand make us a sandwich\n#justtooheavy\n#over9000\nThe OrkhaftOnAir Event-Check 2016\nMake heavy metal great again\nthat was a stupied idea\nEverything it wet\nSh** that hurts\nI hope this was good\nI screamed too early\nbut it was just too cold\nThis happens if you film with full power\nSo guys welcome to the endcut\nit is unbelievable this year I made a quite big list\nI hope it will all work\nas it always depends on the festivals\ndo they provide the Press-Ticket or not?\nbecause without it I cannot film\nin the quality I would like to\nSo there is no use to make a video\nCheck out my facebook account\nfacebook/orkhaftonair\nOr on Instagram\nThere you will get all the updates\nif something changes\nor I decide to visit some more Festivals or events\nDown below you can find two more videos\none is maybe the most epic video on Youtube\nthe Event-Check from the Cypecore CD release party\nit was an epic party and is a great video\non the other side is the Event-check\nSummer Breeze 2015\nA great Festival, I had a lot of fun\nSo watch it and post your feedback\nIf you want to support me, share this video on Facebook\nand subscribe to my channel\nThis would help me a lot and would just be great!\nThank you very much!\nEnjoy your day\nSee you soon!\n"], ["\nItalian: \nQui dentro c'e' dello iodio. E' un...\ne' un alogeno.\nE' molto in basso nel gruppo degli alogeni,\nquindi a differenza di cloro, fluoro e bromo,\nnon e' un gas o un liquido,\nma un solido, ok?\nMa e' un solido molto volatile,\ncome alcuni degli elementi...\nsuccessivi dello stesso gruppo.\nPrendendone un po' possiamo vedere\nche e' davvero un bel materiale.\nLo iodio e' un elemento\nche molti hanno visto\nperche' viene usato in\nsoluzioni di colore violetto\nper il trattamento di tagli\ned escoriazioni,\nperche' ha forti proprieta'...\nantisettiche.\nIn realta' e' viola.\nLa luce non gli rende giustizia,\ninfatti a voi appare grigio scuro.\nRiscaldandosi,\ninizia a sublimare.\nLo iodio e' un elemento\nessenziale per la vita.\nSenza iodio,\nnon cresciamo in modo corretto.\n\nPortuguese: \nAqui temos iodo.\n\u00c9 um halog\u00eanio.\nEst\u00e1 bem abaixo no grupo dos halog\u00eanios. \nN\u00e3o \u00e9 como fl\u00faor, cloro ou bromo. \nN\u00e3o \u00e9 um l\u00edquido ou g\u00e1s. \u00c9 s\u00f3lido. \n\u00c9 um s\u00f3lido muito muito vol\u00e1til.\nTal como alguns materiais tamb\u00e9m no grupo.\nQuando retirarmos, poder\u00e1 ver...um belo material.\nIodo \u00e9 um elemento que muitas pessoas j\u00e1 viram,  \npq \u00e9 usado em uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o, com uma cor violeta, \npara tratar cortes e ferimentos. Pq ele tem \nfortes propriedades antiss\u00e9pticas.\n\u00c9 de fato p\u00farpura, mas nesta luz, n\u00e3o \nparece, parece cinza escuro.\nQuando esquenta, come\u00e7a a evaporar e \nsublimar.\nIodo \u00e9 um elemento essencial para a vida. \nSe vc n\u00e3o tiver iodo, vc n\u00e3o se desenvolve bem.\n\nPortuguese: \n\u00c9 importante para fun\u00e7\u00f5es da tire\u00f3ide. \nA tire\u00f3ide \u00e9 uma pequena gl\u00e2ndula em seu pesco\u00e7o.\nE nesta \u00e1rea da Inglaterra, que \u00e9 longe do mar. \nAs pessoas antigamente sofriam \nde uma defici\u00eancia de iodo. O que fazia a \ntire\u00f3ide crescer e ficar muito grande.\nE eles tinham uma doen\u00e7a chamada b\u00f3cio. Que \nnesta \u00e1rea era chamado de pesco\u00e7o de Derbyshire\nAtualmente o iodo \u00e9 adicionado ao sal de mesa.\nEnt\u00e3o s\u00e3o poucas pessoas na Inglaterra que \nt\u00eam defici\u00eancia de iodo.\nIodo tem v\u00e1rias aplica\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes. \u00c9 \nusado para purifica\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua. \nSe a \u00e1gua tem problema com presen\u00e7a de bact\u00e9rias \n, s\u00f3 alguns poucos cristais de iodo tornam a \n\u00e1gua mais segura. \nVc pode ver, est\u00e1 come\u00e7ando a deixar algumas \nmanchas no papel. Isto pq est\u00e1 iodando o papel.\n\nItalian: \nE' importante per la\nfunzionalita' della tiroide.\nLa tiroide e' una piccola\nghiandola nel collo.\nIn questa zona del Regno Unito,\nmolto lontana dal mare,\nanni fa la gente soffriva\ndi carenza di iodio,\nche faceva ingrossare molto la tiroide.\nQuindi contraevano una\nmalattia chiamata \"gozzo\",\nche in questa zona era nota\ncome \"collo di Derbyshire\"\nOggigiorno, lo iodio viene\naggiunto al sale da cucina,\nin modo che pochissime\npersone del Regno Unito\nabbiano carenze di iodio.\nLo iodio ha tantissimi utilizzi.\nPuo' essere usato per purificare\nl'acqua. Se quindi...\nl'acqua ha problemi di potabilita',\nper esempio dei batteri,\nbasta aggiungere un paio di cristalli\ndi iodio per neutralizzare...\nper rendere l'acqua molto piu' sicura.\nCome vedete, inizia a\nmacchiare la carta,\nperche' la stiamo iodurando.\n\nPortuguese: \nEu te falei, \u00e9 bastante vol\u00e1til. Ent\u00e3o, que vamos\nfazer? Vamos pegar o iodo e colocar no becker.\nE aquecer o fundo.\nPor exemplo, se vc pega girinos, pequenos sapos \n\u00b4beb\u00eas\u00b4. Eles n\u00e3o se tornam sapos a menos que vc \nadicione iodo na \u00e1gua. Se vc tem girinos em um \nambiente sem iodo, eles n\u00e3o podem se desenvolver.\nVamos por os cristais de iodo.\nE observar o que acontece.\nDe certa forma, como o estr\u00f4ncio, iodo \nradioativo \u00e9 formado em algumas rea\u00e7\u00f5es nucleares \nUma coisa que ocorre ap\u00f3s graves acidentes \nnucleares, \ncomo em Chernobyl, ou na Inglaterra em 1957\nno acidente em Windscale, \n, as crian\u00e7as receberam tabletes com iodo, \npara tomar, para prevenir que seus corpos \n\nItalian: \nPrima vi ho detto che\ne' piuttosto volatile,\nquindi ora lo spostiamo da questa\nparte e lo mettiamo in un becker\ne lo riscaldiamo leggermente dal basso.\nSe consideriamo, per esempio,\ni girini, cuccioli di rana,\nessi non si trasformano in rane\nse nell'acqua non c'e' iodio.\nQuindi se mettiamo dei girini in\ncondizioni di mancanza di iodio,\nnon possono svilupparsi.\nMettiamo i cristalli di iodio.\nVediamo che succede.\nCome anche...\ncome lo stronzio,\nlo iodio radioattivo\nsi forma per reazioni nucleari,\nquindi tra le tante cose che avvenivano\ndopo incidenti nucleari gravi,\ncome a Chernobyl o in Inghilterra\nnel 1957, a Windscale...\ni bambini dovevano assumere\ncompresse di iodio\n\nPortuguese: \nabsorvessem o iodo radioativo do meio \nambiente.\nCristais de iodo sublimando, mais vol\u00e1teis \nBela cor p\u00farpura. \nBom trabalho. \nTraduzido por Prof. Dr. Lu\u00eds Brudna \n\nItalian: \nper evitare che il corpo\nassorbisse iodio radioattivo\ndall'ambiente.\nI cristalli viola di iodio stanno\nsublimando e diventano piu' volatili.\nIl colore viola e' davvero molto bello.\nOttimo lavoro.\nTraduzione: Hugin\nRevisione: Xalexalex\n::Italian Subs Addicted::\n[www.italiansubs.net]\n"], ["\nMalay (macrolanguage): \nHelo, hai kekasih ...\nHari ini saya ingin berkongsi konsep lemon dengan anda ...\nSaya bermula sekarang ...\nserai ...\nTerdapat ais krim juga, tetapi saya terlupa di dalam peti sejuk :(\nkek keju ...\n\nSpanish: \nHola, hola amores ...\nHoy quer\u00eda compartir contigo el concepto del lim\u00f3n ...\nEmpiezo ahora mismo ...\nlimonada...\nTambi\u00e9n hab\u00eda helado, pero lo olvid\u00e9 en el congelador :(\ntarta de queso...\n\nHindi: \n\u0939\u0947\u0932\u094b, \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u091f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 ...\n\u0906\u091c \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0942 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e ...\n\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901 ...\n\u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0941 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940...\n\u0906\u0907\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e \u092d\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091c\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e :(\n\u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c\u0915\u0947\u0915...\n\nSwedish: \nHej, hej \u00e4lsklingar ...\nIdag ville jag dela citronkonceptet med dig ...\nJag b\u00f6rjar just nu ...\ncitronsaft...\nGlass fanns ocks\u00e5, men jag gl\u00f6mde den i frysen :(\ncheesecake...\n\nArabic: \n\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u0628\u062a\u064a ...\n\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 ...\n\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 ...\n\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646...\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0622\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0631 :(\n\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0643...\n\nChinese: \n\u4f60\u597d\uff0c\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u4f60\u597d...\n\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u60f3\u548c\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u67e0\u6aac\u7684\u6982\u5ff5...\n\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb...\n\u67e0\u6aac\u6c7d\u6c34...\n\u4e5f\u6709\u51b0\u6dc7\u6dcb\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5728\u51b0\u7bb1\u91cc\u5fd8\u4e86\u5b83:(\n\u8d77\u53f8\u86cb\u7cd5...\n\nItalian: \nCiao, ciao innamorati ...\nOggi volevo condividere con voi il concetto di limone ...\nSto iniziando adesso ...\nlimonata...\nC'era anche il gelato, ma l'ho dimenticato nel congelatore :(\ncheesecake ...\n\nBosnian: \nZdravo, zdravo srce ...\nDanas sam \u017eelio podijeliti koncept limuna s vama ...\nOdmah po\u010dinjem ...\nlimunada ...\nBilo je i sladoleda, ali zaboravio sam ga u zamrziva\u010du :(\ntorta sa sirom ...\n\nGerman: \nHallo, hallo Lieblinge ...\nHeute wollte ich das Zitronenkonzept mit Ihnen teilen ...\nIch fange gerade an ...\nLimonade...\nEs gab auch Eis, aber ich habe es im Gefrierschrank vergessen :(\nK\u00e4sekuchen...\n\nKorean: \n\uc548\ub155, \uc548\ub155 \uc790\uae30 ...\n\uc624\ub298 \uc800\ub294 \ub808\ubaac \ucee8\uc149\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uacfc \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\ub098\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c\ub2e4 ...\n\ub808\ubaac \uc5d0\uc774\ub4dc...\n\uc544\uc774\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bc\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \ub0c9\ub3d9\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc78a\uc5b4 \ubc84\ub838\uc5b4\uc694 :(\n\uce58\uc988 \ucf00\uc78c...\n\nEnglish: \nHello, hello sweethearts ...\nToday I wanted to share the lemon concept with you ...\nI'm starting right now ...\nlemonade...\nThere was  ice cream too, but I forgot it in the freezer :(\ncheesecake...\n\nIndonesian: \nHalo, halo sayang ...\nHari ini saya ingin berbagi konsep lemon dengan Anda ...\nSaya mulai sekarang ...\nLimun...\nAda es krim juga, tapi saya lupa di freezer :(\nkue keju...\n\nDutch: \nHallo, hallo lieverds ...\nVandaag wilde ik het citroenconcept met jullie delen ...\nIk begin nu ...\nlimonade...\nEr was ook ijs, maar ik vergat het in de vriezer :(\ncheesecake ...\n\nTurkish: \nMerhaba, merhaba tatl\u0131\u015flar\u0131m...\nBug\u00fcn sizlerle limon konseptini payla\u015fmak istedim...\nhemen ba\u015fl\u0131yorum...\nlimonata...\nbuz parmak dondurma da vard\u0131 ama buzlukta unutmu\u015fum :(\ncheesecake...\n\nNorwegian: \nHei, hei kj\u00e6re ...\nI dag \u00f8nsket jeg \u00e5 dele sitronkonseptet med deg ...\nJeg begynner akkurat n\u00e5 ...\nlimonade...\nDet var is ogs\u00e5, men jeg glemte den i fryseren :(\nostekake ...\n\nRussian: \n\u0417\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0438 ...\n\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430 ...\n\u042f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 ...\n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434...\n\u041c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b :(\n\u0447\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0435\u0439\u043a ...\n\nBulgarian: \n\u0417\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438 ...\n\u0414\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d ...\n\u0417\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 ...\n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430 ...\n\u0418\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0434, \u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0444\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 :(\n\u0447\u0438\u0439\u0437\u043a\u0435\u0439\u043a ...\n\nPortuguese: \nOl\u00e1, queridos ...\nHoje eu queria compartilhar o conceito do lim\u00e3o com voc\u00eas ...\nEstou come\u00e7ando agora ...\nlimonada...\nTinha sorvete tamb\u00e9m, mas esqueci no freezer :(\nbolo de queijo...\n\nJapanese: \n\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\u604b\u4eba...\n\u4eca\u65e5\u306f\u30ec\u30e2\u30f3\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30bb\u30d7\u30c8\u3092\u7686\u3055\u3093\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059...\n\u79c1\u306f\u4eca\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059...\n\u30ec\u30e2\u30cd\u30fc\u30c9...\n\u30a2\u30a4\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30e0\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u51b7\u51cd\u5eab\u3067\u5fd8\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f:(\n\u30c1\u30fc\u30ba\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad...\n\nFrench: \nBonjour, bonjour les amoureux ...\nAujourd'hui je voulais partager avec vous le concept du citron ...\nJe commence tout de suite ...\nlimonade...\nIl y avait aussi de la glace, mais je l'ai oubli\u00e9 dans le cong\u00e9lateur :(\ncheesecake...\n\nItalian: \npalline di gelatina al limone :)\nAdoro quel suono :)\n\nBulgarian: \n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438 :)\n\u041e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438 :)\n\nKorean: \n\ub808\ubaac \uc824\ub9ac \ubcfc :)\n\ub098\ub294 \uadf8 \uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud55c\ub2e4 :)\n\nTurkish: \nlimonlu j\u00f6le toplar\u0131 :)\n\u00e7\u0131kan sesi \u00e7ok seviyorum :)\n\nNorwegian: \nsitron gel\u00e9 baller :)\nJeg elsker det h\u00f8res ut :)\n\nIndonesian: \nbola jeli lemon :)\nSaya suka yang terdengar :)\n\nPortuguese: \nbolas de gelatina de lim\u00e3o :)\nEu amo esse som :)\n\nArabic: \n\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 :)\n\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 :)\n\nRussian: \n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 :)\n\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 :)\n\nGerman: \nZitronengelee-Kugeln :)\nIch liebe das klingt :)\n\nSpanish: \nbolas de gelatina de lim\u00f3n :)\nAmo eso suena :)\n\nChinese: \n\u67e0\u6aac\u679c\u51bb\u7403:)\n\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u542c\u8d77\u6765:)\n\nDutch: \ncitroengeleiballen :)\nIk hou van die geluiden :)\n\nEnglish: \nlemon jelly balls :)\nI love that sounds :)\n\nBosnian: \nlimunske \u017eele kuglice :)\nVolim to zvuci :)\n\nHindi: \n\u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0942 \u091c\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0902 :)\n\u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901 :)\n\nFrench: \nboules de gel\u00e9e de citron :)\nJ'adore \u00e7a sonne :)\n\nSwedish: \ncitrongel\u00e9bollar :)\nJag \u00e4lskar det l\u00e5ter :)\n\nJapanese: \n\u30ec\u30e2\u30f3\u30bc\u30ea\u30fc\u30dc\u30fc\u30eb:)\n\u79c1\u306f\u305d\u306e\u97f3\u304c\u5927\u597d\u304d\u3067\u3059:)\n\nMalay (macrolanguage): \nbebola serai :)\nSaya suka bunyi itu :)\n\nJapanese: \n\u30ec\u30e2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad\u30dd\u30c3\u30d7\u30b9...\n\u305d\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30f3\u30c1\u306f\u3068\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\n\nPortuguese: \nbolo de lim\u00e3o aparece ...\nN\u00e3o \u00e9 crocante muito bom?\n\nNorwegian: \nsitronkake spretter ...\nEr ikke det knase veldig hyggelig?\n\nHindi: \n\u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0942 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0930\u0947 ...\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948?\n\nDutch: \ncitroentaart knalt ...\nIs dat crunch niet erg lekker?\n\nChinese: \n\u67e0\u6aac\u86cb\u7cd5\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u6709\u673a\u6c61\u67d3\u7269...\n\u7d27\u7f29\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u5417\uff1f\n\nBulgarian: \n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0448 ...\n\u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e?\n\nTurkish: \nlimonlu cake pops...\nbu \u00e7\u0131t\u0131rt\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel de\u011fil mi?\n\nArabic: \n\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0639\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 ...\n\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061f\n\nRussian: \n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0433 ...\n\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e?\n\nGerman: \nZitronenkuchen knallt ...\nIst das nicht sehr sch\u00f6n?\n\nItalian: \ntorta al limone pops ...\nNon \u00e8 molto carino quello scricchiolio?\n\nKorean: \n\ub808\ubaac \ucf00\uc774\ud06c \ud31d ...\n\uadf8 \uc704\uae30\uac00 \uc544\uc8fc \uc88b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\uae4c?\n\nSpanish: \npastel de lim\u00f3n ...\n\u00bfNo es muy agradable ese crujido?\n\nSwedish: \ncitronkakapoppar ...\n\u00c4r det inte s\u00e5 knepigt trevligt?\n\nFrench: \ng\u00e2teau au citron pop ...\nCe crunch n'est-il pas tr\u00e8s agr\u00e9able?\n\nMalay (macrolanguage): \nkek lemon muncul ...\nBukankah masalah itu sangat baik?\n\nBosnian: \nlimunov kola\u010d ...\nNije li to fino vrlo lijepo?\n\nIndonesian: \nkue lemon muncul ...\nBukankah itu sangat enak?\n\nEnglish: \nlemon cake pops ...\nIsn't that crunch very nice?\n\nNorwegian: \nJeg skal spise en til :)\n\nRussian: \n\u042f \u0441\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 :)\n\nGerman: \nIch werde noch einen essen :)\n\nBulgarian: \n\u0429\u0435 \u044f\u043c \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 :)\n\nIndonesian: \nSaya akan makan satu lagi :)\n\nTurkish: \nbir tane daha yiyece\u011fim :)\n\nHindi: \n\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u090a\u0902\u0917\u093e :)\n\nMalay (macrolanguage): \nSaya akan makan satu lagi :)\n\nKorean: \n\ud558\ub098 \ub354 \uba39\uc744 \uac8c\uc694 :)\n\nChinese: \n\u6211\u4f1a\u518d\u5403\u4e00\u4e2a:)\n\nItalian: \nNe manger\u00f2 ancora uno :)\n\nEnglish: \nI will eat one more :)\n\nJapanese: \n\u3082\u30461\u3064\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059:)\n\nDutch: \nIk eet er nog een :)\n\nPortuguese: \nVou comer mais um :)\n\nArabic: \n\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 :)\n\nFrench: \nJe vais en manger un de plus :)\n\nSpanish: \nMe comer\u00e9 uno m\u00e1s :)\n\nSwedish: \nJag kommer att \u00e4ta en till :)\n\nBosnian: \nPojest \u0107u jo\u0161 jednu :)\n\nChinese: \n\u5f88\u9178\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u67e0\u6aac\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\u5199\uff1b\uff09\n\u67e0\u6aac\u7cd6...\n\u6211\u7684\u7259\u9f7f\u75bc:(\n\nItalian: \nmolto aspro, chi pu\u00f2 mangiare il limone, scrivi nei commenti;)\ncaramelle al limone ...\nMi fa male il dente :(\n\nTurkish: \n\u00e7ok ek\u015fi, limon yiyebilenler kim yorumlara yaz\u0131n ;)\nlimonlu \u015feker...\ndi\u015fim a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131 :(\n\nSpanish: \nmuy amargo, que puede comer lim\u00f3n, escribe en los comentarios;)\ncaramelo de lim\u00f3n ...\nMe duele el diente :(\n\nRussian: \n\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0439, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445;)\n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430 ...\n\u0417\u0443\u0431 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043b :(\n\nIndonesian: \nsangat asam, siapa yang bisa makan lemon, tulis di komentar;)\npermen lemon ...\nGigi saya sakit :(\n\nBosnian: \nvrlo kiselo, tko mo\u017ee jesti limun, napi\u0161ite u komentarima;)\nbombon od limuna ...\nZub me zabolio :(\n\nBulgarian: \n\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d, \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435;)\n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043d\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0438 ...\n\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435 \u0437\u044a\u0431 :(\n\nGerman: \nsehr sauer, wer Zitrone essen kann, schreibe in die Kommentare;)\nZitronens\u00fc\u00dfigkeit ...\nMein Zahn tat weh :(\n\nNorwegian: \nveldig sur, som kan spise sitron, skriv i kommentarene;)\nsitrongodis ...\nTannen min gjorde vondt :(\n\nMalay (macrolanguage): \nsangat masam, yang boleh makan lemon, tulis di komen;)\ngula-gula lemon ...\nGigi saya sakit :(\n\nPortuguese: \nmuito azedo, quem pode comer lim\u00e3o, escreva nos coment\u00e1rios;)\ndoce de lim\u00e3o ...\nMeu dente doeu :(\n\nHindi: \n\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0916\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e, \u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0942 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0916\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902;)\n\u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0942 \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0940 ...\n\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u094b\u091f \u0932\u0917\u0940 :(\n\nKorean: \n\ub808\ubaac\uc744 \uba39\uc744 \uc218\uc788\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc2e0\ub9db\uc774 \ub098\ub294 \ub313\uae00\uc744 \uc368\uc8fc\uc138\uc694.)\n\ub808\ubaac \uce94\ub514 ...\n\ub0b4 \uce58\uc544\uac00 \uc544\ud30c :(\n\nSwedish: \nv\u00e4ldigt sur, som kan \u00e4ta citron, skriv i kommentarerna;)\ncitrongodis ...\nMin tand gjorde ont :(\n\nFrench: \ntr\u00e8s aigre, qui peut manger du citron, \u00e9crivez dans les commentaires;)\nbonbons au citron ...\nMa dent me fait mal :(\n\nEnglish: \nvery sour, who can eat lemon, write in the comments;)\nlemon candy...\nMy tooth hurt :(\n\nJapanese: \n\u30ec\u30e2\u30f3\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u9178\u3063\u3071\u3044\u3001\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044;\uff09\n\u30ec\u30e2\u30f3\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc...\n\u79c1\u306e\u6b6f\u304c\u75db\u3044:(\n\nDutch: \nerg zuur, wie kan citroen eten, schrijf in de comments;)\ncitroensuikergoed ...\nMijn tand doet pijn :(\n\nArabic: \n\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u061b)\n\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 ...\n\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a :(\n\nBosnian: \nPoje\u0161\u0107u vam jo\u0161 kri\u0161ku limuna: D\n\nDutch: \nIk eet nog een schijfje citroen voor je: D\n\nJapanese: \n\u30ec\u30e2\u30f3\u3092\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u679a\u98df\u3079\u307e\u3059\u3002D\n\nBulgarian: \n\u0429\u0435 \u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u043c \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d: D\n\nKorean: \n\ub808\ubaac \ud55c \uc870\uac01 \ub354 \uba39\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 : D\n\nSwedish: \nJag \u00e4ter ytterligare en citronskiva \u00e5t dig: D\n\nGerman: \nIch werde noch eine Zitronenscheibe f\u00fcr dich essen: D.\n\nChinese: \n\u6211\u518d\u7ed9\u4f60\u5403\u4e00\u7247\u67e0\u6aac\uff1aD\n\nFrench: \nJe vais manger une autre tranche de citron pour vous: D\n\nIndonesian: \nSaya akan makan sepotong lemon lagi untuk Anda: D\n\nArabic: \n\u0633\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646: \u062f\n\nMalay (macrolanguage): \nSaya akan makan sepotong lemon lagi untuk anda: D\n\nSpanish: \nComer\u00e9 otra rodaja de lim\u00f3n para ti: D\n\nItalian: \nManger\u00f2 un'altra fetta di limone per te: D\n\nEnglish: \nI'll eat another slice of lemon for you: D\n\nPortuguese: \nVou comer outra rodela de lim\u00e3o para voc\u00ea: D\n\nHindi: \n\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0942 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0916\u093e\u090a\u0902\u0917\u093e: \u0921\u0940\n\nTurkish: \nsizin i\u00e7in bir dilim daha limon yiyece\u011fim :D\n\nRussian: \n\u042f \u0441\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043c\u0442\u0438\u043a \u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430: D\n\nNorwegian: \nJeg spiser nok en sitronskive til deg: D\n\nBosnian: \nlimun pop torta\nne stvara puno buke, dosta je za to ...\nlimunov \u017eele ...\n\nHindi: \n\u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0942 \u092a\u0949\u092a \u0915\u0947\u0915\n\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948 ...\n\u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0947\u0932\u0940 ...\n\nBulgarian: \n\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043f\n\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0434\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0443\u043c, \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e ...\n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435 ...\n\nJapanese: \n\u30ec\u30e2\u30f3\u30dd\u30c3\u30d7\u30b1\u30fc\u30ad\n\u305d\u308c\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u97f3\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3067\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3059...\n\u30ec\u30e2\u30f3\u30bc\u30ea\u30fc...\n\nFrench: \ng\u00e2teau pop au citron\n\u00e7a ne fait pas beaucoup de bruit, \u00e7a suffit pour \u00e7a ...\ngel\u00e9e de citron ...\n\nIndonesian: \nkue pop lemon\ntidak menimbulkan banyak suara, itu cukup untuk itu ...\njeli lemon ...\n\nChinese: \n\u67e0\u6aac\u6c7d\u6c34\u86cb\u7cd5\n\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u566a\u97f3\uff0c\u8db3\u591f\u4e86...\n\u67e0\u6aac\u679c\u51bb...\n\nGerman: \nZitronen-Pop-Kuchen\nes macht nicht viel L\u00e4rm, das reicht daf\u00fcr ...\nZitronengelee ...\n\nRussian: \n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0442\n\u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0443\u043c\u0430, \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442 ...\n\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435 ...\n\nMalay (macrolanguage): \nkek pop limau\nia tidak membuat banyak bunyi, cukup untuk itu ...\njeli lemon ...\n\nSpanish: \npastel de lim\u00f3n\nno hace mucho ruido, ya es suficiente ...\ngelatina de lim\u00f3n ...\n\nArabic: \n\u0643\u0639\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u200b\u200b\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\n\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 ...\n\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 ...\n\nSwedish: \ncitron pop t\u00e5rta\ndet g\u00f6r inte mycket buller, det r\u00e4cker f\u00f6r det ...\ncitrongel\u00e9 ...\n\nItalian: \ntorta al limone\nnon fa molto rumore, gli basta ...\ngelatina di limone ...\n\nDutch: \ncitroen pop cake\nhet maakt niet veel herrie, dat is er genoeg voor ...\ncitroengelei ...\n\nKorean: \n\ub808\ubaac \ud31d \ucf00\uc774\ud06c\n\uc18c\uc74c\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \ucda9\ubd84\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4 ...\n\ub808\ubaac \uc824\ub9ac ...\n\nPortuguese: \nbolo de lim\u00e3o\nn\u00e3o faz muito barulho, d\u00e1 para isso ...\ngel\u00e9ia de lim\u00e3o ...\n\nTurkish: \nlimonlu pop kek\nbundan \u00e7ok ses \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor onun i\u00e7in bu kadar yeter...\nlimonlu jelibon...\n\nEnglish: \nlemon pop cake\nit doesn't make a lot of noise, that's enough for it...\nlemon jelly ...\n\nNorwegian: \nsitron pop kake\ndet lager ikke mye st\u00f8y, det er nok for det ...\nsitrongel\u00e9 ...\n\nSpanish: \nuno mas :))\novvvv muy malo: D\nr\u00edndete conmigo, ya es suficiente ...\nEspero que lo hayan disfrutado\nsi te ha gustado, no olvides dar me gusta a mi video, suscr\u00edbete a mi canal y s\u00edgueme en instagram ...\nlos amo tanto a todos\nNos vemos en el pr\u00f3ximo video, amores ...\nadi\u00f3s ...\n\nTurkish: \nbir tane daha :))\novvvv \u00e7ok fena :D\nbenden pes, bu kadar yeter...\numar\u0131m ho\u015funuza gitmi\u015ftir, umar\u0131m keyif alm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r.\ne\u011fer keyif ald\u0131ysan\u0131z, l\u00fctfen videomu be\u011fenmeyi, kanal\u0131ma abone olmay\u0131 ve beni instagramdan takip etmeyi unutmay\u0131n ...\nhepinizi \u00e7ok \u00e7ok \u00e7ok seviyorum\nbir daha ki videoda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcz tatl\u0131\u015flar\u0131m...\nbye bye...\n\nJapanese: \n\u3082\u30461\u3064:)\uff09\novvvv\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u60aa\u3044\uff1aD\n\u79c1\u3092\u3042\u304d\u3089\u3081\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3067\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3059...\n\u697d\u3057\u3093\u3067\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u305f\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\n\u305d\u308c\u3092\u697d\u3057\u3093\u3060\u3089\u3001\u5fd8\u308c\u305a\u306b\u79c1\u306e\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u3092\u6c17\u306b\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3001\u79c1\u306e\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3092\u30b5\u30d6\u30b9\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u79c1\u306b\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044...\n\u79c1\u306f\u3042\u306a\u305f\u3092\u3068\u3066\u3082\u3068\u3066\u3082\u611b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\n\u6b21\u306e\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\u3067\u304a\u4f1a\u3044\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3001\u604b\u4eba...\n\u30d0\u30a4\u30d0\u30a4 ...\n\nGerman: \neiner noch :))\novvvv sehr schlecht: D.\ngib mich auf, das reicht ...\nIch hoffe, dass es Ihnen gefallen hat\nWenn es dir gefallen hat, vergiss bitte nicht, mein Video zu m\u00f6gen, meinen Kanal zu abonnieren und mir auf Instagram zu folgen ...\nIch liebe euch alle so sehr\nWir sehen uns im n\u00e4chsten Video, Lieblinge ...\nTsch\u00fcss ...\n\nRussian: \n\u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d :))\novvvv \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e: D\n\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442 ...\n\u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c\n\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0430\u0439\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 ...\n\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u044e\n\u0423\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 ...\n\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430-\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 ...\n\nNorwegian: \nen til :))\novvvv veldig d\u00e5rlig: D\ngi opp meg, det er nok ...\njeg h\u00e5per du likte det\nhvis du likte det, ikke glem \u00e5 like videoen min, abonner p\u00e5 kanalen min og f\u00f8lg meg p\u00e5 instagram ...\njeg elsker dere alle s\u00e5 mye\nVi sees i neste video, kj\u00e6re ...\nha det ...\n\nItalian: \nuno in pi\u00f9 :))\novvvv pessimo: D\nrinunciare a me, basta ...\nSpero ti sia piaciuto\nse ti \u00e8 piaciuto, non dimenticare di mettere mi piace al mio video, iscriviti al mio canale e seguimi su instagram ...\nvi amo tutti cos\u00ec tanto\nCi vediamo nel prossimo video, innamorati ...\nCiao ciao ...\n\nEnglish: \none more :))\novvvv very bad: D\ngive up on me, that's enough ...\nI hope you enjoyed it\nif you enjoyed it, please don't forget to like my video, subscribe to my channel and follow me on instagram ...\ni love you all so so much\nSee you in the next video, sweethearts ...\nbye bye ...\n\nDutch: \nnog een :))\novvvv erg slecht: D\ngeef me op, dat is genoeg ...\nik hoop dat je het leuk vond\nals je het leuk vond, vergeet dan niet mijn video leuk te vinden, abonneer je op mijn kanaal en volg me op instagram ...\nIk hou zoveel van jullie allemaal\nTot ziens in de volgende video, schatjes ...\ntot ziens ...\n\nBulgarian: \n\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e :))\novvvv \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u043e\u0448\u043e: D\n\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430 ...\n\u041d\u0430\u0434\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0438 \u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043b\u043e\n\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438, \u0430\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432 instagram ...\n\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043c\n\u0429\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e, \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0438 ...\n\u0447\u0430\u043e \u0447\u0430\u043e ...\n\nKorean: \n\ud558\ub098 \ub354 :))\novvvv \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub098\uc068 : D\n\ud3ec\uae30 \ud574, \uadf8\ub9cc\ud574 ...\n\ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uc990\uacbc\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4\n\uc990\uac70\uc6e0\ub2e4\uba74 \uc81c \uc601\uc0c1 \uc88b\uc544\uc694, \uad6c\ub3c5, \uc778\uc2a4 \ud0c0 \uadf8\ub7a8 \ud314\ub85c\uc6b0 \ud574\uc8fc\uc138\uc694 ...\n\ub098\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc744 \ub108\ubb34\ub098 \uc0ac\ub791\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4\n\ub2e4\uc74c \uc601\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub098\uc694, \uc5f0\uc778\ub4e4 ...\n\uc548\ub155 ...\n\nIndonesian: \nsatu lagi :))\novvvv sangat buruk: D\nmenyerah padaku, itu cukup ...\nSaya harap Anda menikmatinya\njika Anda menikmatinya, jangan lupa untuk menyukai video saya, berlangganan saluran saya dan ikuti saya di instagram ...\naku sangat mencintaimu\nSampai jumpa di video berikutnya, sayang ...\nsampai jumpa ...\n\nHindi: \n\u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 :))\novvvv \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c: \u0921\u0940\n\u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u094b, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0939\u0948 ...\n\u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0939\u0948 \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0928\u0902\u0926 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\n\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926 \u0906\u092f\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0928 \u092d\u0942\u0932\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092c \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u092b\u0949\u0932\u094b \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 ...\n\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0906\u092a \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901\n\u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u092e\u0928 ...\n\u0905\u0932\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093e ...\n\nBosnian: \njo\u0161 jedan :))\novvvv jako lo\u0161e: D\nodustani od mene, dosta je ...\nNadam se da ste u\u017eivali\nako ste u\u017eivali, molim vas, ne zaboravite da lajkate moj video, pretplatite se na moj kanal i pratite me na instagramu ...\nsve vas toliko volim\nVidimo se u sljede\u0107em videu, du\u0161ice ...\n\u0107ao \u0107ao ...\n\nMalay (macrolanguage): \nsatu lagi :))\novvvv sangat teruk: D\nmenyerah pada saya, itu sudah cukup ...\nSaya harap anda menikmatinya\njika anda menikmatinya, jangan lupa untuk menyukai video saya, melanggan saluran saya dan ikuti saya di instagram ...\nsaya sangat sayangkan anda semua\nJumpa di video seterusnya, kekasih ...\nselamat tinggal ...\n\nFrench: \nun de plus :))\novvvv tr\u00e8s mauvais: D\nabandonne-moi, \u00e7a suffit ...\nJ'esp\u00e8re que tu as aim\u00e9\nsi cela vous a plu, n'oubliez pas d'aimer ma vid\u00e9o, de vous abonner \u00e0 ma cha\u00eene et de me suivre sur instagram ...\nje vous aime tous tellement\nRendez-vous dans la prochaine vid\u00e9o, ch\u00e9rie ...\nBye Bye ...\n\nPortuguese: \nmais um :))\novvvv muito ruim: D\ndesista de mim, chega ...\nEspero que tenha gostado\nse voc\u00ea gostou, por favor n\u00e3o esque\u00e7a de curtir meu v\u00eddeo, se inscreva no meu canal e me siga no instagram ...\neu amo muito todos voc\u00eas\nVejo voc\u00eas no pr\u00f3ximo v\u00eddeo, queridos ...\ntchau tchau ...\n\nSwedish: \nen till :))\novvvv mycket d\u00e5ligt: \u200b\u200bD\nge upp mig, det r\u00e4cker ...\nJag hoppas att du tyckte om det\nom du gillade det, gl\u00f6m inte att gilla min video, prenumerera p\u00e5 min kanal och f\u00f6lj mig p\u00e5 instagram ...\njag \u00e4lskar er alla s\u00e5 mycket\nVi ses i n\u00e4sta video, \u00e4lsklingar ...\nhejd\u00e5 ...\n\nArabic: \n\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 :))\novvvv \u0633\u064a\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627: \u062f\n\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a ...\n\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 instagram ...\n\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0643 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\n\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0629 ...\n\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 ...\n\nChinese: \n\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a \uff1a\uff09\uff09\novvvv\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff1aD\n\u653e\u5f03\u6211\uff0c\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86...\n\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u5b83\n\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u559c\u6b22\u5b83\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\u559c\u6b22\u6211\u7684\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u8ba2\u9605\u6211\u7684\u9891\u9053\u5e76\u5728instagram\u4e0a\u5173\u6ce8\u6211...\n\u6211\u597d\u7231\u4f60\u4eec\n\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u9891\u4e2d\u89c1\uff0c\u4eb2\u7231\u7684...\n\u518d\u89c1 ...\n"], ["O Homem e os seres, como um todo, vieram ao mundo para um trabalho fundamental.\nQue \u00e9 a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de si mesmos.\nE, se n\u00e3o fizeram isso, n\u00e3o fizeram nada.\nEntendem isso?\nSe voc\u00ea veio ao mundo e n\u00e3o se construiu mais parecido com o modelo de Ideal Humano,\nse n\u00e3o deu um passo em dire\u00e7\u00e3o a esse Ideal,\nem suma, a sua vida se resume a nada.\nEssa \u00e9 a grande tarefa de toda Cria\u00e7\u00e3o.\n\u00c9 como se voc\u00eas imaginassem o seguinte: n\u00f3s somos educadores,\ne resolvemos reformar o segundo grau.\nTr\u00eas anos est\u00e1 muito pouco, vamos colocar cinco? O que voc\u00ea acha?\nVamos incluir mais umas disciplinas.\nTomara que n\u00e3o tenha nenhum secundarista aqui, que vai querer me matar.\nA gente reforma o segundo grau.\nEle existe no plano das Ideias, ningu\u00e9m entrou l\u00e1, ainda.\nMas no plano das Ideias j\u00e1 existe direitinho o que voc\u00ea vai estudar no 1\u00ba, 2\u00ba, 3\u00ba, 4\u00ba e 5\u00ba ano.\nE a habilidade que uma pessoa que chega ao 5\u00ba ano tem que ter.\nImaginem que a Natureza fez isso com a condi\u00e7\u00e3o de todos os seres,\ninclusive o Ser Humano.\nAntes que existisse o primeiro Ser Humano,\nA Natureza j\u00e1 tinha sonhado com esse processo.\nNo plano das Ideias.\nComo se come\u00e7a o processo, como se avan\u00e7a, o que \u00e9 um Homen Ideal.\nE ela espera que algu\u00e9m cumpra esse trajeto.\nDo ponto de partida, que \u00e9 aquele ser mais rude,\nquase que um animal,\nat\u00e9 um Ser que \u00e9 puro valor, Virtude e Sabedoria.\nE ela sonha com isso.\nExiste no plano das Ideias desde que o Universo foi criado.\nO Ideal de cada coisa. E isso \u00e9 intuitivo para n\u00f3s, gente.\nN\u00e3o sei se voc\u00eas percebem, isso parece complicado, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9, isso \u00e9 \u00f3bvio.\n"], ["Lacan, us and the real 36th session. There is a\nJapanese proverb that I like\nbecause it says:\", if you're in a hurry, do a\ndetour\". That's what we're going to do today.\na little detour.\nYou're listening, yes, but do you catch \na little something that looks real?\nIn the difficult task of making your hear  tonight...\nlet's say something.\ncan we hear?\nwe can't hear!\nAnd how's that sound? Are you okay?\ntoday we're going to make a little detour through a text apparently very far from what we are given to live with\nAt this moment and yet it's perhaps the nearest and sharpest\nto understand where we are today.\nthis text is Lacan's \"l'\u00e9tourdit\", it's a major text.\nBecause it is between the seminars \"ou pire...\" and \"encore\" and this passage\nIt's the passage of truth as it is transmissible\nIn the form of a matheme as a knowledge, that's in \"ou pire\" the seminar on logic.\nwith the use of Cantor set theory.\nBut also G\u00f6del of course, Bertrand Russell...\netc. and it's about the mathematical structure\nIn so far as it contains the possibility of accessing the truth through logic\nthat's where Lacan returns to the Aristotelian prosdiorisms...\nyou know that's how he's going to probe the sexual formulas.\ni.e. \"for all x\" and \"there is an x\" these two prosdiorisms\nwill be denied and the particularity\nof the Lacanian approach is going to be denial,\nwith regard to feminine sexuation\non the quantor and not on the function.\nthe function is obviously \"phi of x\" the phallic function\nand that's where the sexuation will be determined...\nmen and women.\nSo the part between \"ou pire...\" and \"encore\" is the part\nbetween the possibility of knowledge that would be fully transferable\nin the form of mathematics, that's what characterizes knowledge\nas it is transmitted, and the analytical knowledge that is from another stuff\nif you'll pardon the expression, since it's something that's just...\nWhich can't be passed on and it's in that \"ou pire\" to \"encore\" passage\nthat Lacan is going to drop math to return to the notion of feminine jouissance...\nin order to re-approach the truth that psychoanalysis deals with...\nnot under that of true and false,\na formal truth that is condensable, expressible, transmissible by mathematics\nthis time it's about something else - making a difference.\nBetween the symbolic and the real, quite simply\nso the real of female jouissance\nbetween these two seminars there is the text \"l' \u00e9tourdit\" (with a T)\nso we've been doing some little work and we've been reading and rereading l'\u00e9tourdit\nAnd then we also read and reread additional readings which are those of\nBarbara Cassin and Alain Badiou for the philosophical part and that of\nChristian Fierens for the psychoanalytical part. It is quite curious to note\nIn these readings, there is no mention on\nThe strict homology between tautology, the structure on which Lacan insists\nsince it is of course, about using  his theory of  the 4 discourses and how they differ\nthe three HUM discourses and the A discourse. notice that it makes HUMA as human\nWhat Lacan particularly insists on\nThis is precisely what we would like to come back : there are three discourses\nwhich are spherical discourses and one\ndiscourse which is of Moebian structure\nWhat does that mean? It means...\nthat for each\nMaster, hysterical, academic, there's an inside and an outside...\nThese are discourses that Lacan describes as univocal: one is either inside or outside...\nthese three discourses are the modalities\n(we're in the modal), the modalities of substitution of absent sexual intercourse\nI'm gonna come back to that because\nobviously if I say it just in a crude way.\nit might cause a little problem of interpretation.\nso those three discourses are what\nthe speaking being that we are\nmakes up for the absence of sexual relation\nso we've seen this a few times, but\nwe have to come back to it again\nThe master's discourse is a discourse that rests...\n...truth makes structure of  every discoure\nthe truth is on the bottom left .\nit's the barred S, the division of the subject, and this division, we've seen it,\nIs caused by the signifier, by the fact that\nwe're already spoken before we can be speak\nand the arrow pointing to the upper left to the semblance\nOf the signifier and the one that leads to the top right\ntowards jouissance is going to stage right now S1 and S2.\ni.e. the master signifier that connects to the knowledge S2\nThis top line is marked with the seal of the impossible...\nI remind you that these three\ndiscourses represent an impossible\nalready spotted by Freud\nthe impossible there obviously in the master discourse  is the impossible to govern\nthe impossible to govern, is shown as the impossible between s1 and s2\nthe master signifier in its connection to knowledge\nThere's something about the impossible...\nAnd the production, what's going to fall out of it, is object a. that's where it gets interesting.\nWhat I haven't told you yet\nis that  this little a, here, well, it's in this way that\na universe can take consistency ( but\nit's an imaginary consistency)\nBecause that little a is what makes function of being\nbut I remind you that we are in a\ndiscourse so there is no being\nThe being that falls there is a letter. \nTo say: the letter \"a\" comes to serve as a fiction of being\nand from there a referential universe is created\nfrom there we can\nimagine that the words refer to something else\nthan to the chain of signifiers, i.e. a\nsignifier that will define itself in relation to another signifier\nby just a difference from this signifier\nSo words that interdefine each other...\njust by one small difference\nBetween \"Bois\" and \"Pois\" between \"Boire\" and \"Poire\"\nit's just differences\nWho will define signifiers as\ndifferent from themselves,\nso a signifier is always defined in relation to another signifier and in the difference it has with another signifier\nBut from the moment the word took the place of the thing...\nso the master's discourse\nthe establishment of the master's discourse; from that moment on there is a fall,\nthere is a loss because language can't take it all .\nall encompassed and therefore all that is not encompassed by language\nI remind you it's a spherical discourse.\nSo what's not taken from the\nsphere of language falls in the form of an object\nbut that object there is a letter; the letter is the edge.\nit's the littoral, it's the literal, it's the\nedge between what is the order of a discursive constitution\nthat's gonna lead us down a meaningful chain\nbetween one signifier and another signifier etc. and we will construct\nan imaginary world, a consistant universe\nfrom this letter\nwe can say that Lacan at that moment\nwarns us and tells us that\nThere's nothing else in the world that a small object a,\nwhich is a little hard to swallow anyway.\nsince you say: \"No, look around us.\nThere's the world, the trees, the forests, the people,\nhistory, animals, stars, yes.\nbut this we don't have access to, it's...\nto say we have access exclusively to words\nthe words that will make\nmediating between us and what we call the world\nand that's how we give it consistency, it's through this little a\nIt is placed in the lower right-hand corner of the master's discourse.\nand the other two discourses that will come to try to solve this problem of a\ni.e. to neutralize it or even naturalize it...\ni.e. make him native himself of the discourse\nthey will be treated differently by the hysterical and academic discourse\nAs we have already seen, this is the essence of the two previous seminars.\ndedicated to exploring this dynamic\nhere we have three discoursees that\nin some ways are variations of the master's discourse...\nObviously we're in the master's discourse.\nwhen operating in this ratio between S1 and S2\nbut we're also in the master's discourse, paradoxically,\nin the hysterical discourse or in the academic discourse , not in the same way but in the master's discourse\nWe're within our possibilities to solve this little \"a\".\nof the master's discourse, to settle it, to solve it\nMoving on to another discourse\nso here we have in these three discourses\nwhat Lacan calls the spherical mode\nthese are unequivocal discourses\nunequivocal means that in order for us to have a chance to understand ourselves we have to manage that.\nroughly speaking, the words\nmeans for each of us the same thing\nif we say \"wall\" we suppose we'll all \npicture the same thing\nwhereas if you go through the\nthe analyst's discourse that only arrives in the twentieth century\nwith Freud and Lacan who puts it in the form of a matheme\nthat reveals how it works\nin particular by this system of discourses\nthat stage for each of us issues of our own jouissance\nin the way that desire functions in the signifiers, nevertheless, Lacan says \"it is Freud through his exploration of the unconscious\nby the definitive formulas he found for the unconscious\nthrough his clinical work, which is the founder of the analyst's discourse\".\nthis analyst's discourse how is it different?\nthese three discourses are spherical, he's moebian?\nThat means for the other discourses\nAs we've seen, words always end.\nby referring to a referent, which is one thing...\nwe can't just stay in the words, however the work of analysis\nis precisely to reset this\nbeginning in such a way\nthat the cut actually took place\nthe cut is of course \nThe cut between words and things, since the\ncut between words and things\nit's only in the analytical discourse\nthat it is Moebian, (which means designed on the model of the M\u00f6bius strip)\nfor which you go from one side to the other without crossing any edges.\nso what are we talking about then? we're talking about \"les tours dits\" (the spoken tours).\nWhich is written with a T since it's the tour of the said, the passage from the saying to the said and from the said to the saying\nthis passage is what Lacan calls the double loop cut...\nbecause it is no longer possible to\nrefer to an imaginary consistent universe\nthat's why Lacan says that \"there's nothing else in the world that a small object \"a.\"\nbecause the point of the analysis is to bring the subject who said something\nto reconnect this said to his saying,\n that is to say, to get back..\na kind of reset of the\nsystem, as we would say today\nIn the ability to say; so the said takes origin on the saying\nfor there to have been a said it would have been necessary, in the past future, that there has been a saying\nso the passage from the saying to the said and from the said to the saying and thus the cut is operative.\nand that cut, of course.\nit's nothing more than the subject itself.\nthe cut itself is the subject\nit's very surprising not to find that...\nin the comments on \"l'\u00e9tourdit\"\nbut at the same time is it so amazing\nthan that? since what we're talking about here is getting to say\nis that the analyst discourse is nothing more than the social bond\nproduced by the analytical cure\nWhich will have been carried to its logical conclusion. At that moment there are no more illusions to be made\ni.e. we are really cut off the world\nThat's true castration. That's where also that true psychoanalysis takes its dimension\nStrictly speaking, poetically\ni.e. the passage from the signifier to the meaning\nand back to the signifier, so we\ngo from said to saying and from saying to said...\nand we accept that, in doing so there's a rebalancing\nwhich is done in such a way that the\nsubject may give birth at that time\nOf a new master signifier who can't\nthus join the ancient knowledge\nit's another way, it's...\nsomething else that's going on and what\nanalytical discourse is a whole\nother \"stuff\" than the other three\nobviously in these comments on \"l'\u00e9tourdit\", it is never mentioned.\nlet's just say that what is forgotten\nnowadays\nin the comments on \"l '\u00e9tourdit\"  is simply the topology.\nThe passage to the structure, the strict\nhomology between structure and topology\nit's a question of discourse , and first of topology, so of places\nsince I remind you that the\nlanguage has two main functions\nfirst of representation: therefore the one that works in all three discourses\nsecond of place, and only the\nanalytical discourse helps to clarify\nHow the other three discourses work. And the minimum we have to do\nas we talk about the analysis\ntherefore of the analyst's discourse since\nthe analyst operates only from the discourse that conditions it\notherwise It's not analysis, it's psychology.\nhence of the academic discourse\nwhich is the more antagonist to the analytical discourse\nso if we go back to the analytical discourse\nwhat we learn from \"l'\u00e9tourdit\"\nIt first concerns  the psychoanalysts\nIt's about psychoanalysts,( I was going to say the real ones)Those who put themselves at the service of the analytical discourse\nnot those who serve the academic discourse.\nsince this is the opposite of the analytical discourse...\nso the question to always ask ourselves is:\n\"in what discourse did my subject get caught? \u00bb\nfor in psychoanalysis\na priori the subject is spoken before being\nspeaking and so he's caught\nin a discourse, and  that's how he apprehends. Lacan gives an example\nno mean feat since he's going to talk about Ferdinand de Saussure...\nwhen he talks about the arbitrariness of the sign\nWhen he invents linguistics, it's a science, and science at first.\nis in the order of the hysterical discourse\nsince it's a challenge to the unconscious  knowledge of the master and a fall of knowledge\nwho will be carried by the truth of\nthe hysterical one.\nthe truth comes down to knowledge, it comes to pointing out the flaw of knowledge\nand a scientific possibility is about to arise. So F. de Saussure invents linguistics...\nwhich is a science and in doing so he is\nin the hysteric's discourse\nBut without knowing it, Lacan specifies it in \"radiophonie\", he's not an analyst\nwhich keeps him from being an idiot...\nby wanting to be a scoundrel, because\nthe scoundrel in the psychoanalytical approach\nis the one who doesn't want to play the game of a discourse\nAnd to take over the jouissance of others\ndiscourse without playing the discourse game\nbut F. de Saussure is not a\nanalyst, nor is he a scoundrel.\nand so he won't go dumb because what happens to scoundrels is that they get stupid...\nLike Miller, for example. Here we have F. de Saussure.\nsomeone who's in the hysterical discourse\n and who, by uttering the words \"arbitrary sign\"...\nFalls without knowing it, in the master's discourse...\nhe doesn't know about the fall, but as we can't connect the signifier with the signified...\nshowing a discrepancy between the two, that there is no way to correlate\nto bridge that gap\ndoesn't mean it is arbitrary\nthat's where saying \"arbitrary\"\nhe goes back to the master's discourse\nSo that's an analytical approach.\nso the approach that allows \"l'\u00e9tourdit\" is to come back\nOn the foundations of psychoanalysis, very simply, an approach to discourse\nsince psychoanalysis is\na discourse and as a discourse\nit's a discourse clinic.\nwhich takes into account the\nspecificity of each of the discourses\nOf the three discourses and the analytical discourse which is no better than any other discourse...\ncontrary to what one might think following this introduction\nbut that's what makes it possible to pinpoint very precisely\nabout what is happening with the other discourses and the way they work\nand it makes it possible to understand today when you're in the academic discourse\nwe're in a corrupt master's discourse as Lacan says\nAnd when we're into the hysterical discourse, we're in the possibility of science\nso when, for example, someone like Macron says: \n\"there is no scientific consensus.\"\nIt's a contradiction in adjecto. Scientific consensus doesn't mean anything\nThere is never scientific consensus\nsince science is born of dissensus\nthere has to be dissensus for there to be science.\nsince the scientific truth that will appear at a moment is a fall of already established knowledge\nso there will never be scientific consensus\nso it's all ideological smoke and how could you not see it?\nprecisely if we are in this analytical perspective\nopened by Lacan and deployed in \"l'\u00e9tourdit\"\nAnd to comment \"l'\u00e9tourdit\" without mentioning the Discourses, topology,\nThe specificity of the analyst's discourse\nwhich is a Moebian discourse\nCompared to other discourses that are spherical and unambiguous\nWhile Moebian discourse is multi-vocal, in the passage from saying to said and from said to saying\nIt's the poetry of analytical discourse, but  not a hollow poetry.\nis the very poetry of being, since we\nare caught up in this discourse\nand it allows us to assume the castration\nthe assumption of castration\nthat's still the goal of psychoanalysis, but...\nwe know that psychoanalysis proposes at the end of the cure\nalways the rock of castration. There are few who pass the rock of castration\nsince there is little approach of the kind that distinguishes\nespecially in \"l'\u00e9tourdit\" where it's strictly about that.\nthe relation of the discourses, topology, and structure\nand the difference between\ndiscourses that are spherical and therefore closed\nand the discourses that allow the real cut called the double loop cut,\nthe Moebian Cut which only takes place from the emergence of the analytical discourse\nand especially for the analysand because he put his own skin in the story.\nbecause otherwise it's impossible to understand\nHe may be smart, Badiou, and I...\nwould say Cassin even more\nin that little book we read, but they\ncan't do it because they're not in analytical discourse...\nthey're in an academic discourse\nAnd when you're in the academic discourse\nyou're at the antagonism of analytical discourse...\nthen there's another approach that has interested us lately\nit's the Mandeville approach.\nBernard de Mandeville whom Lacan talks about in \"l'\u00e9thique\"\nwhich gave  ideas to some people\nnotably this philosopher who is\ninteresting to read, Dany Robert Dufour, who exhumed some Mandeville's texts including an absolutely wonderful text\nabout hypochondria and hysteria, dialogues...\nimagine dating back to 1700, it's exceptional, absolutely great.\nAnd Mandeville's thesis on the political dimension of\nwhat's going on there it's very applicable today.\nexcept we would not use the same words anymore, and so for Mandeville.\nthe tripartition that we find in psychoanalysis with Lacan\nin the embedded language structure that\nare: neurosis psychosis and perversion\nWell, at Mandeville's, there's gonna be a trilogy, too, but...\nit's not exactly the same since it takes a moral stance\nand an imagination based on fables:\nthe fable of the bees\nbecause Mandeville is the English translator of La fontaine.\nSo he wrote this as a fable and developed this thesis which cost him dearly...\nsince he's been disgraced as \"Man Devil,\"\ni.e. the devil man\nfor showing that the vices\nhad made the fortune of public goods\nand therefore the way he\nexplains this political functioning\nis that the bulk of the masses, the neurotics...\nto put it that way\nthose are the ones that are caught in the ego\nlacan shows that the self is a\nsymptom, that's the first symptom.\nAnd the ego doesn't want to hear about\nthe gap between the neurotic's self-image\nand what he's really doing\nso there's a discrepancy there that makes him manipulable, especially the obsessive one.\nbecause he's a man of many words, and you can just pay him with words;\nWith the social networks he's still paying himself with more words, so they he think he is virtuous.\nAnd imagining himself virtuous, he's going to lecture everyone\nHe preaches to others and then he gets himself\nsatisfied with this kind of blockage\nneurotic balancing act that's going to make\nthat he has a rewarding self-image...\nso it's self-defined\nwith two other populations\nThat neurotic who's the bulk of the\ntroop and which precisely allows all political manipulation\nwith what Mandeville calls the villains.\n\" villains\" obviously has a very strong moral connotation\nas likely to commit crimes etc.\nbut if you have to take them on a level that's not moral...\nthat is just ethical, since basically Lacan's work\nwas to transform the\nthree embedded language structures\nyou can't help but belong to one of these three structures...\nWe can go around in circles\nin any way that's impossible.\nNot to belong to one of these three...\nstructures neurosis psychosis perversion\nSo the villains, well, you could say...\nif we take them out of the moral dimension zone\nThat is to say, the mores of the XVIII century, but today there are also mores\nThat's the base of morality\nThese are the subjects who cannot register\nin a discourse, but as Lacan says...\nwhat characterizes the psychotic is they're missing a signifier.\nThe psychotic  can't get to know\nbecause he lacks a signifier\n\"the father's name\" precisely and therefore\n he can't get into a discourse.\nmost of them are adapted to the society\nand some, effectively, become serial killers who are capable of the worst scoundrels,\nthese can't fit into a discourse\nand then there are those who could fit in\na discourse because it's not a structural impossibility\nBut who don't want to join\nthey want to try to steal the\nenjoyment without playing the game\nWhose jouissance is ordered from an\ndiscourse, these are the perverts.\nobviously it is those who are holding, like\nVoltaire said:\n\"the little number who holds and makes the big number act\", who's manipulating all of this,\nso we're pretty close to conspiracy\nand all the fashionable ideas\nnow you can say as soon as\nyou don't agree\nwith the bullshit of the dominant discourse, you are suspected\nOf conspiracy, of plotting,\nSo, yes, there's a conspiracy, but as in\nkafka: a plot without conspirators\nbecause the conspirators\nthemselves don't know that they're already being manipulated by the signifier\nas a friend once said: I'll stop scheming\nWhen you stop plotting behind my back...\nThere's no conspiracy, but there's still a conspiracy that is a unconscious conspiracy\nthat is to say that they themselves are the play of the signifier...\nSince the signifier orders what happens and\npsychoanalysis is what makes it possible\njust to reconcile oneself with the alienation\nwhich is produced by the signifier\nto allow the possibility of an emerging subject\nAs seen in the form of a Mobian cut\nso the subject in psychoanalysis has absolutely nothing to do with subjectivity\nand subjectivity\nwhich is precisely what happens in the other three discourses\nstill, we can't say it has nothing to do\nsubjectivity carries the potential of\nsubject but the subject is the cut\nWhich has been realized from that potential and the subject is something that is real.\nprecisely because he can only be accessed through the symbolic\nbut he's no longer the symbolic\nhe is something that is always represented by a signifier for another signifier that does not represent him\nso it can't be directly perceptible, discernible\nAs soon as we talk about the subject we appeal to a signifier.\nto represent him. This is precisely what characterizes the psychoanalytic approach...\nin regard to other approaches including the philosophical approach\nand then the psychologizing or pseudo-psychoanalytical approach\nwhich is not the analytical approach because psychoanalysis\nis not to help people, as Lacan says...\nyou're gonna have a line out in front your practice. Psychoanalysis isn't like that.\nit is to allow the subject to conquer autonomy in the original sense of the word\nits own law, the law of the signifier, we've seen it,\nAnd to lead himself to his word since there is no other way out for the speaking being that we are\nthan to go to our own word...\nso what we actually find in Badiou, in Zizek\nBut also in many philosophers or\nof pseudo psychoanalysts\nbecause they are very nice, the school of Zizek in lubjana, the Slovenians\nexcept that they are not clinicians and therefore\nthey refer tall the time to ontology, but we've seen that ontology\nLacan writes it with an h (Hontology) because it is a shame to confuse the signifier and the sign.\nthis is not understood if you haven't been yourself on the couch\nor if we didn't go all the way.\nof the analytical cure, to its logical conclusion\nTo understand that it's the little a who is a semblance of ontology\npretending to \"be\" this little a, but it's\na letter pretending to \"be\".\nthere's no access to ontology. As soon as we ontologize, we're out of castration.\nwe get out of the fact that we're always caught\nin a discourse represented by a signifier for another signifier who doesn't represent us\nand we're swinging between said and saying  between enunciated and enunciation\nthat's what we're learning in the analytical discourse\nIndeed there's no room for ontology; that's why Lacan\ncalls it a \"honte au logis\" (shame at home),  shame not to dye of shame\nbecause to get out of this shame\nyou should be ashamed of yourself.\nto boast a representation of the world\na weltanschauung where precisely this is the order of the master's discourse\nIt's a substitute for a world view, but for a psychoanalyst there is no more.\nthere fore it is a \"saint\" position, not to be understood in the moral sense.\nBut in the sense of Mencius or Baltasar...\nGracian that is to say to un-charity\nit's exactly how Lacan treats \"ontology\"\nthat Badiou and the other philosophers would want\nthat is to say a not-being so it's a\ndiscourse of the master/being\nThis being here is just a semblance\n since what we have access\nIt's exclusively a letter, a\nletter that works with other math\nin a discourse, since we are a product of the discourse\nThere is no reality that is not discourse-generated\nso just appearing to be so is both what is not, what appears to be...\nit shields both senses of the\nterm\n\"pare\" as fend off a blow,  the blow of being\nAnd \"pare\" in the sense of embellishing, it is appearance but there's no being.\nBeing is what is given by its absence.\nwhich is not to say that there is no being\nit means that as a subject we don't have access to it.\nsince what characterizes us as\n subject is this punch between\nThe barred subject and  object a (the\nlogic of fantasy)\nwe only have access to our fantasy through whose tropism we see the world...\nor we represent it (weltanschauung)\nbut the minimum for a psychoanalyst is\nto know that and therefore not only to know that\nbut to take this into account in what he says or what he does.\nIf, for example, Jacques Alain Miller, who is pretending to be a psychoanalyst\nRealized what he's saying, he'd stop\nto bring the psychoanalytic institution\non the spans of gender theory\nwhich is nothing but an emanation\nof the capitalist discourse which is the more decadent  and delirious form of the master's discourse\nit's the master's discourse.\nthat goes through the academic discourse\nand that becomes a justification for a \"self\"\ni.e. a subject that is not more subject but is imagined\nwhich would give him the opportunity to\nuse signifiers to do whatever he wants with them.\nso it's absurd, you can see that it has nothing to do with \"l'\u00e9tourdit\"\none of the major Lacanian text by whom precisely\nwe can talk about what there is to be said as a psychoanalyst\non what's going on with this kind of fantasy about a virus\nwhich is absolutely mind-blowing if you think about it, the way the society operates\nand then those who hold it\nthose who are in the place of the rulers, it's  something kind of massive\nVery very curious to study: the behaviors and the gap that there is\nbetween what's known and what is represented, and the way some objects are fetishized.\nis absolutely mind-blowing.\nI'm talking about the mask, of course, but not only\nthe threat of lock-down, the so-called\nsocial distance, people who make little crosses\nor little squares outside their store\nand ask you to wait an hour before entering the shop\nall of this is absolutely delirious, but we still notice that this world has strictly no sense\nbecause it is penetrated by the real and makes a delirious interpretation of it\nmassively delirious\nwe can now talk about something a little bit more technical\nbecause all comments that are made on\n\"l'\u00e9tourdit\" do not mention anything about topology\nfrom the point of view of the structure, i.e. of the discourse\nIt also does not address the topology...\nin the form of its geometric representations\nand in particular the crosscap\nsince the crosscap is the only figure a priori\nwhich allows us to conceive how\nthe three discourses that are spherical\ncan be related to analytical discourse\nIt's not just that analytical discourse is\ndifferent from the other three\nit's also about being able to move from one discourse to another\nthe passage of a discourse to another and the crosscap is that figure there\nthat's the rimbaldien\"new love\", Rimbaud' conception of love\nwhich means we go to the dead end of a discourse and then we flip over, so it's a quarter turn\nfor each of the mathem of the discourse and then we go on to a new discourse.\nand this is actually the\" new\nlove\". That's how analytical discourse\nwhich is the discourse of love, the discourse of transference actually,\nis what allows the absolute counterpoint\nof everything that's going on right now\nbecause what you're going through right now\nit's the very negation of love.\nalready rhetorically induced by the capitalistic discourse as we know\nWith that you lose all the things of love and\nindeed the \"new love\"\ni.e.transference love which is true love as Freud says.\nthat love can be found again through analytical discourse...\nwhich is the counterpoint, we see it in \"l\u2019\u00e9thique\"...\nAs it is today in this fashion for corona by promoters of all kinds\nall sorts of promoters of what they call the \"pandemic\".\nWhich is absolutely not a pandemic , at the\nlimits an epidemic or endemic\nendemic but not a pandemic.\nit's not for everyone.\nand the commandment that is induced by the generated behaviors\nby the establishment of governments is: \n\"Beware of your neighbor more than yourself\"\nbut psychoanalysis is precisely the word of ethics which can be found  both in Freud\nthat stops on it because Freud knows what he's talking about\nso who stops at the command\n\"loves\" and who\nrealizes the shock that this means to him\nAnd Lacan will analyze this and says that Freud is right to stop on this, but it's actually\nit's really the ultimate horizon of ethics, not just psychoanalysis...\nIt's all about \" love thy neighbor as thyself\"\nwe're at the very opposite of this actual distrust or mistrust of the other  considered as pestiferous\nand which will lead to an explosion of all kinds of pathologies...\nTherefore psychoanalysis  even though completely innovative\nbecause it brings this analytical discourse to the 20th century with Freud...\nit can actually be connected anyway.\nto this subversive aspect,at its last degree, \nof the Christic appearance\ni.e. at the beginning of Christianity the possibility offered of this love\nor the relationship between Judeo and\nChristianity is the relationship\nBetween the symbolic and the real. What makes Christianity as such\nis the fulfillment to the end of\nJewish law\ni.e. by integrating the Christ body\nitself which is beyond the law...\nto the hold of the symbolic on the law\nas we saw, it's the object a.\nThe reintroduction of the object \"a\" under\nthe form of the resurrected Christ\nAnd it was brought by Freud himself, not Lacan the Freud reader\nby Freud himself in \"civilization and its discontent.\" he brings this and Lacan is very surprised\nand it deploys that possibility\nso everything today, everything that concerns\nthe father's defiance, the struggle\nagainst patriarchy etc.\nis  absolutely the most anti-psychoanalysis\nSince it's this empty place of the father, this\nunoccupied place which is the same as in democracies\nthe empty place of democracy that allows the system to work\nso Lacan's counterbalance is going to make a play on words with \"noms du p\u00e8re\" (father's names)and \"non dupes errent\" (the non dupe wanders)\nAnd allows precisely for the subject to\ndifferentiate from the real father\nof the symbolic father and the father\nimaginary.\n\"l'\u00e9tourdit\" is the passage from modal to nodal.\nthe modalities are the modalities of the impossible\nthe impossible that strikes every discourse\nthen differentiates the impossible that's on the top bar.\nthe impossibility of governing, educating and so on.\nWith the impotence that doesn't allow the\nreturn since they are open circuits\nthe return from the lower right place to the lower left place\nand impossibles have different names\nfor the master's discourse\nthe impossible is incompleteness.\nit's easy to see why, since it's\nnot complete since there is the \"a\"falling .\nto represent as being ( i.e. an imaginary consistency of a universe)\nFor the academic, it's the undeniable.\nsince the academic is in the concealment of the master signifier\nSo all these logical demonstrations\nare going to be wobbly, there's something that's going to hold up\nsince  the Master signifier is hidden\nand so as a S2.\nh e occupies this place to be the agent to address the astute, the little a\n\"the pedant au pd (gay)\" as Lacan says\nin a \"l'\u00e9tourdit\"; no one talks about that either, right?\nthere's something untraceable. For the hysterical it's the inconsistency\nand for  the analyst the impossible is called the undecidable...\nOne can never decide since an interpretation is like an oracle\nit only proves to be true by\nresults it gets, but in the meantime\nit allows the passage of the oscillation\nfrom said to saying and from saying to said\nso it reposition the subject and \nmoves him such a way that he assumes that position...\nto be signified by a signifier\ntherefore by the word and therefore not to decide\nit's undecidable\ncompared to earlier we can say that now you're staying in the sense\nAnd you don't fall into a meaning\nwhen you're in a meaning (this means that)\nWell, it's decided, whereas in the analysis it's not, since you're still\non sets of signifiers and\nso you stay on the level of signifier.\nAnd you don't fall into the signified so into the meaning\nit's the oracle of Delphi...\nthat's how the possibility of boundaries was born...\nWith the oracle of Delphi where the words were unintelligible...\nand so each one would hear them at the mesure of his possibilities\nand depending on the ability of his interpretation\nhis destiny was taking this or that direction\nand that's how Oedipus responds to the oracle...\nfound himself performing the\nfate that from this myth allowed Freud\nto found psychoanalysis.\nthe hardest thing is to say anything.\nthat's why it's the game of free association.\nThen the analyst realizes\nThat he can't, he's governed...\nby the chain of signifiers that take\n him to say this or that\nit's about blowing up the link of\nthe chain of signifiers to allow\na change in the subject's position\nthe Master signifier is cut off from knowledge. (S1 is cut off from S2)\nand that's only in the analyst discourse\nyou read it from the bottom left: knowledge S2 is assumed\nIt's supposed, so under the bar, repressed, the analysand suppose it to the analyst\nbut the analyst also supposes it to the analysand, since for him, it's the analysand who knows\nbut he doesn't know that he knows\nso he's going to play over his object a\nHe puts his body in it and then this\ncrossing from a to S barred\ntherefore, the impossibility to analyse, of course, by the game the analyst plays...\nwith the analysand, (a kind of \"two players delirium\" one can say)\nbut unconscious delirium, and with some control\non the games of the unconscious at the \nlinguistics level that will allow the divided subject\nand thus, to the analysand to bring about\na new signifier, the signifier 1\nBut who's dumb, (an interpretation is as silly as an oracle).\nit's not something smart.\nIt's silly because it's not related to knowledge, and the impotence of the S1 to return to the S2\nthat's what makes it the\nsignifier 1, a signifier without signified\nit's a signifier that can only be defined by being different\nfrom the other signifiers, that's why its dumb.\nand that's how you can tell that\nparadoxically psychoanalysis is a praise of stupidity...\nas long as you accept the foolishness\nyou have to be very smart to accept stupidity.\nI expect nothing from the positions I take\nif not to express them, to manage them, to\nsay them in the most consistent manner\nto serve (as i see it) the analyst's discourse\nso it's a position effectively\nWhere the false distance disappears yes, there are issues at stake.\nmassive stakes and it is a question to say something about the analytical position\nin relation to these issues and actually it can't be\nIn the sense of the dominant discourse\nWho is the capitalist discourse\nIt's impossible we can't go into the meaning of all these pseudo reasons\nto say that every discourse is a reason\nso we can't be in those pseudo-reasons\nIt's about bringing out something\nnot of a knowledge, but knowledge about the truth.\nthe truth which can only be\nhalf-said but implying a saying\nso that's when Raoult speaks there's a\nsaying and a said, he says something from his experience\nand he's wearing his saying. It hasn't\nthe same value when a moron\nof pseudo-philosopher like Enthoven talks or some dummy reporter\nas I don't remember his name,\nCohen or Finkielkraut, talks.\nit doesn't have the same value, from saying to said and from said to saying, it doesn't have the same value.\nthere's not the same ethical contract because every discourse is an ethic\nRaoult has a contract with a sick person, he's sticking to something\nthere's a connection between his saying and his said\nIn the others it's just said, there's no saying, \nThey're talking, they don't know anything about it.\nthey don't even know they're caught in a discourse, so it's worthless.\nthey're in an academic discourse\nAcademic discourse is still an opportunistic discourse since it is bringing knowledge to the Master...\nand then, if possible, take over as a master of knowledge...\nI think the dumbest one is a dude.\nWho's called Laurent Alexandre, the\nfounder of Doctissimo who is really\na complete moron who thinks he's a\ngenius who can rule over the intelligence of others\nSo obviously they're waiting for it to pass.\nthey benefit from the situation, they are\nprecisely on the pervert side\nThat is to say, the pervert, I remind you, is not what we usually think.\nthe pervert is the position of a masochist who ignores himself as a masochist\nmore often than not\nthat is, who imagine that he knows\nwhat makes the Other enjoy (with a capital O)\nso he puts himself in the position of knowing what makes the Other enjoy\nin fact, It's a way of governing. How are they governing right now?\nIt's not hard to guess. They have polls made, you can the polls to say what you want.\nso, they still need that the majority of those who elect them\nmust think that the government is doing something\nbecause they can't just sit back and do nothing\nWell, yes, but they must not show it in any case, and so they think to themselves\nlet's see if people imagine that the mask will protect them\nso, we may have scientific studies that demonstrate that it's totally unnecessary\nfor all lung infections including corona virus\nIt's a proven fact, we've been knowing it for ten years, but they're going to find out that\nthere's a sufficient percentage of people who would be reassured by wearing the mask\nso they decide that the mask will be mandatory regardless of the consequences\nas long as it is reassuring a majority\nThat's a perversion!\nThat's true populism, populism is nothing else but that\nto imagine what will make the people enjoy\nso we're going to take action based on popularity ratings, polls etc.\nand we very know that the way they are phrased makes them say anything\nWe're going to instil some language elements from there\nthat's what it's called, and then it's done.\nSo we end up with a pair of underpants on our heads imagining we are protecting ourselves against the corona virus.\nwhich is totally untrue, but this will reassure\napparently over 60% of the population\nand so, it's a decision that's going to be made\nand that's 60% is obviously the\nthe big neurotics, that is to say, the ones\nWho have a high opinion of themselves, who imagine themselves virtuous people\nthey've never explored their dark side of the force\nas it says in a well-known saga  and so they imagine they're good.\nand there's nothing worse than the ones that\nimagine themselves to be good\nbecause they don't want to know anything about it, and...\nso, they're going to moralize the others\nThey want to prohibit them from jogging\nthey'll opt for lock down; they'll clap their masters on the balcony at night\nSo, you need this possibility of an analytical approach\nand to bring psychoanalysis to the political dimension\nwhich is its original dimension since the police is the city\nthe city is language and language is what is opposed to nature.\njust to deploy, as a conclusion, I would like to say for today:\nlogos is what is opposed to nature, the difference between the speaking being we are with all the other species\nis that we're not directly\nreferent of an environment,\nwe are not directly correlated to it. All animals are part of environments\nfor there to be mosquitoes there has to be water and certain types of plants...\nfor a cougar, it must live under some conditions and not under others\na crocodile also, cows, goat...\nwhatever you want needs environment\nWho possesses the truth of his being here; for the human being\nfor the speaking being there's no environment,\nMen can live anywhere because their environment is language itself.\ni.e. they are caught as a subject, they belong a priori to a discourse\nthey don't know it, but they are part of a discourse\nso their ecosystem depends on their discourse\nthat's why psychoanalysis is a discourse and a discourse clinic\nso it's a critical approach to discourse. Let's not forget that desire\nWhich is the analytical basis for\nexcellence since it is indestructible\nThat's how Freud ended his traumdeutung...\ndesire is indestructible\nthe desire itself is actually what makes law to the subject\nWe are subjects of desire, subject to\ndesires, and language is the law of desire.\nso it's the laws of language\nthat over determine us, which means it's a determination\nthat comes on top of all the other determinations\nDeterminations can have\nnatural physics laws\nWe are subject to gravity and\nmany other natural laws\nbut the laws of language take over his, that's what Freud discovers with his \"enwurf\".\nwe are primarily determined by the laws\nand so, it's through language and by the discourse that we can\nreseed the possibilities of the subject that we are\n"]]
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tests/testdata/pile_youtubesubtitles-v0-res.json

-{"results": {"pile_youtubesubtitles": {"word_perplexity": 1.000282798325092, "byte_perplexity": 1.0000451218611146, "bits_per_byte": 4.512084315412357e-05}}, "versions": {"pile_youtubesubtitles": 0}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"results": {"pile_youtubesubtitles": {"bits_per_byte": 2.3447170928931888e-05, "byte_perplexity": 1.000023447445816, "word_perplexity": 1.0001529192262875}}, "versions": {"pile_youtubesubtitles": 0}}
\ No newline at end of file

tests/testdata/piqa-v0-loglikelihood

+6048a3a2bb3ad1e6a3d98139618e06b4d7de766edd685bd38837596199c3f69f
\ No newline at end of file

tests/testdata/piqa-v0-loglikelihood.json

-[["Question: Remove seeds from  strawberries\nAnswer:", " Blend the strawberries, pour the mixture through a fine-mesh strainer with a bowl underneath to catch the pulps and strain out the seeds"], ["Question: Remove seeds from  strawberries\nAnswer:", " Chop up the strawberries, pour the mixture through a fine-mesh strainer with a bowl underneath to catch the pulps and strain out the seeds"], ["Question: squinting\nAnswer:", " makes wrinkles appear"], ["Question: squinting\nAnswer:", " makes freckles appear"], ["Question: toilet tissue\nAnswer:", " can scratch baby powder ."], ["Question: toilet tissue\nAnswer:", " can hold baby powder ."], ["Question: Butcher Shop\nAnswer:", " will decimate fish from the ocean into digestible pieces"], ["Question: Butcher Shop\nAnswer:", " will decimate a full cow into digestible pieces"], ["Question: To get a rest when you're swimming in open water,\nAnswer:", " float on your stomach and relax."], ["Question: To get a rest when you're swimming in open water,\nAnswer:", " float on your back and relax."], ["Question: fruit\nAnswer:", " can be eaten outside"], ["Question: fruit\nAnswer:", " can be yelled at outside"], ["Question: how to choose a watermelon\nAnswer:", " Pick it up: Big or small, the watermelon should feel heavy for its size.    Look for the yellow spot: Watermelons develop a splotch where they rest on the ground. When this splotch is creamy yellow, it's ripe."], ["Question: how to choose a watermelon\nAnswer:", " Pick it up: Big or small, the watermelon should feel heavy for its size.    Look for the black spot: Watermelons develop a splotch where they rest on the ground. When this splotch is creamy yellow, it's ripe."], ["Question: To make orange pulp from oranges.\nAnswer:", " Peel the oranges and put in blender."], ["Question: To make orange pulp from oranges.\nAnswer:", " Peel the oranges and use a hand mixer."], ["Question: how do we eat dragonfruit?\nAnswer:", " Cut the dragon fruit in half. Use a sharp knife to slice right through it. You will find bright white flesh that looks similar to a kiwi inside, with tiny black seeds distributed throughout the fruit. Scoop out the flesh with a spoon."], ["Question: how do we eat dragonfruit?\nAnswer:", " Cut the dragon fruit in half. Use a sharp knife to slice right through it. You will find bright white flesh that looks similar to a kiwi inside, with tiny black seeds distributed throughout the fruit. Scoop out the flesh with a toothpick."], ["Question: How to wash your face?\nAnswer:", " Wet your face with the sink. Put some gentle soap onto your hands and massage it into your face evenly. Use the water from the sink to rinse the soap off."], ["Question: How to wash your face?\nAnswer:", " Wet your face with the sink. Put some dish soap onto your hands and massage it into your face evenly. Use the water from the sink to rinse the soap off."]]
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tests/testdata/piqa-v0-res.json

-{"results": {"piqa": {"acc": 0.6, "acc_stderr": 0.16329931618554522, "acc_norm": 0.5, "acc_norm_stderr": 0.16666666666666666}}, "versions": {"piqa": 0}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"results": {"piqa": {"acc": 0.514145810663765, "acc_norm": 0.5114254624591947, "acc_norm_stderr": 0.01166277802645167, "acc_stderr": 0.011661154475524836}}, "versions": {"piqa": 0}}
\ No newline at end of file

tests/testdata/pubmedqa-v0-loglikelihood

+7a04a1fb1d2b19db84fd15c224015d6c0306a41195a4e71fe6abd48fb4d53b9f
\ No newline at end of file

tests/testdata/pubmedqa-v0-loglikelihood.json

-[["Abstract: The use of open access endoscopy is increasing. Its effect on the adequacy of patient informed consent, procedure acceptance and the impact on subsequent communication/transfer of procedure results to the patient have not been evaluated. The aim of our study was to compare the extent of preknowledge of procedures and test explanation, patient medical complexity, information transfer and overall patient satisfaction between a patient group referred for outpatient open access endoscopy versus a patient group from a gastrointestinal (GI) subspecialty clinic.\nInformation was obtained from all patients presenting for outpatient upper and lower endoscopy by using a 1-page questionnaire. Patients from the two groups who had an outpatient upper/lower endoscopic procedure were contacted by phone after the procedure to obtain information with a standardized questionnaire.\nThe open access patients reported receiving significantly less information to help them identify the procedure (p<0.01) and less explanation concerning the nature of the procedure than the group of patients referred from the subspecialty clinic (p<0.005). There was no difference between the two groups in satisfaction scores for examinations performed under conscious sedation. For flexible sigmoidoscopy without sedation, however, the GI clinic patient group were more satisfied with their procedure. The majority of patients, regardless of access, were more likely to receive endoscopic results from a gastroenterologist than the referring physician. Furthermore, the patients in the GI clinic group who underwent colonoscopy felt significantly better at follow-up.\nQuestion: Does open access endoscopy close the door to an adequately informed patient?\nAnswer:", " yes"], ["Abstract: The use of open access endoscopy is increasing. Its effect on the adequacy of patient informed consent, procedure acceptance and the impact on subsequent communication/transfer of procedure results to the patient have not been evaluated. The aim of our study was to compare the extent of preknowledge of procedures and test explanation, patient medical complexity, information transfer and overall patient satisfaction between a patient group referred for outpatient open access endoscopy versus a patient group from a gastrointestinal (GI) subspecialty clinic.\nInformation was obtained from all patients presenting for outpatient upper and lower endoscopy by using a 1-page questionnaire. Patients from the two groups who had an outpatient upper/lower endoscopic procedure were contacted by phone after the procedure to obtain information with a standardized questionnaire.\nThe open access patients reported receiving significantly less information to help them identify the procedure (p<0.01) and less explanation concerning the nature of the procedure than the group of patients referred from the subspecialty clinic (p<0.005). There was no difference between the two groups in satisfaction scores for examinations performed under conscious sedation. For flexible sigmoidoscopy without sedation, however, the GI clinic patient group were more satisfied with their procedure. The majority of patients, regardless of access, were more likely to receive endoscopic results from a gastroenterologist than the referring physician. Furthermore, the patients in the GI clinic group who underwent colonoscopy felt significantly better at follow-up.\nQuestion: Does open access endoscopy close the door to an adequately informed patient?\nAnswer:", " no"], ["Abstract: The use of open access endoscopy is increasing. Its effect on the adequacy of patient informed consent, procedure acceptance and the impact on subsequent communication/transfer of procedure results to the patient have not been evaluated. The aim of our study was to compare the extent of preknowledge of procedures and test explanation, patient medical complexity, information transfer and overall patient satisfaction between a patient group referred for outpatient open access endoscopy versus a patient group from a gastrointestinal (GI) subspecialty clinic.\nInformation was obtained from all patients presenting for outpatient upper and lower endoscopy by using a 1-page questionnaire. Patients from the two groups who had an outpatient upper/lower endoscopic procedure were contacted by phone after the procedure to obtain information with a standardized questionnaire.\nThe open access patients reported receiving significantly less information to help them identify the procedure (p<0.01) and less explanation concerning the nature of the procedure than the group of patients referred from the subspecialty clinic (p<0.005). There was no difference between the two groups in satisfaction scores for examinations performed under conscious sedation. For flexible sigmoidoscopy without sedation, however, the GI clinic patient group were more satisfied with their procedure. The majority of patients, regardless of access, were more likely to receive endoscopic results from a gastroenterologist than the referring physician. Furthermore, the patients in the GI clinic group who underwent colonoscopy felt significantly better at follow-up.\nQuestion: Does open access endoscopy close the door to an adequately informed patient?\nAnswer:", " maybe"], ["Abstract: To examine the evidence base of sports medicine research and assess how relevant and applicable it is to everyday practice.\nOriginal research articles, short reports, and case reports published in four major sport and exercise medicine journals were studied and classified according to the main topic of study and type of subjects used.\nThe most common topic was sports science, and very few studies related to the treatment of injuries and medical conditions. The majority of published articles used healthy subjects sampled from the sedentary population, and few studies have been carried out on injured participants.\nQuestion: Are sports medicine journals relevant and applicable to practitioners and athletes?\nAnswer:", " yes"], ["Abstract: To examine the evidence base of sports medicine research and assess how relevant and applicable it is to everyday practice.\nOriginal research articles, short reports, and case reports published in four major sport and exercise medicine journals were studied and classified according to the main topic of study and type of subjects used.\nThe most common topic was sports science, and very few studies related to the treatment of injuries and medical conditions. The majority of published articles used healthy subjects sampled from the sedentary population, and few studies have been carried out on injured participants.\nQuestion: Are sports medicine journals relevant and applicable to practitioners and athletes?\nAnswer:", " no"], ["Abstract: To examine the evidence base of sports medicine research and assess how relevant and applicable it is to everyday practice.\nOriginal research articles, short reports, and case reports published in four major sport and exercise medicine journals were studied and classified according to the main topic of study and type of subjects used.\nThe most common topic was sports science, and very few studies related to the treatment of injuries and medical conditions. The majority of published articles used healthy subjects sampled from the sedentary population, and few studies have been carried out on injured participants.\nQuestion: Are sports medicine journals relevant and applicable to practitioners and athletes?\nAnswer:", " maybe"], ["Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of feeding information on pharmacy back to primary care doctors in order to create awareness (knowledge) of pharmaceutical expenditure (PE).\nRetrospective cross-sectional study, through personal interview.\nReformed PC, Sabadell, Barcelona.\nThe 80 PC doctors working with primary care teams.\nAs the personal feed-back on PE, each doctor was asked for the PE generated during 1997 and the mean cost of prescriptions to active and pensioner patients. The statistical test used was the t test to compare means for paired data, with p<0.05 the required level of significance.\nOut of the total doctors interviewed (80), 71 replies were obtained for the annual PE and 76 for the mean cost of prescriptions, for both active and pensioner patients. Significant differences were found between the annual PE in reality and doctors' estimates: around twelve million pesetas. The differences between the real mean costs of prescription and the estimates were also significant.\nQuestion: Is there awareness of pharmaceutical expenditure in the reformed primary care system?\nAnswer:", " yes"], ["Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of feeding information on pharmacy back to primary care doctors in order to create awareness (knowledge) of pharmaceutical expenditure (PE).\nRetrospective cross-sectional study, through personal interview.\nReformed PC, Sabadell, Barcelona.\nThe 80 PC doctors working with primary care teams.\nAs the personal feed-back on PE, each doctor was asked for the PE generated during 1997 and the mean cost of prescriptions to active and pensioner patients. The statistical test used was the t test to compare means for paired data, with p<0.05 the required level of significance.\nOut of the total doctors interviewed (80), 71 replies were obtained for the annual PE and 76 for the mean cost of prescriptions, for both active and pensioner patients. Significant differences were found between the annual PE in reality and doctors' estimates: around twelve million pesetas. The differences between the real mean costs of prescription and the estimates were also significant.\nQuestion: Is there awareness of pharmaceutical expenditure in the reformed primary care system?\nAnswer:", " no"], ["Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of feeding information on pharmacy back to primary care doctors in order to create awareness (knowledge) of pharmaceutical expenditure (PE).\nRetrospective cross-sectional study, through personal interview.\nReformed PC, Sabadell, Barcelona.\nThe 80 PC doctors working with primary care teams.\nAs the personal feed-back on PE, each doctor was asked for the PE generated during 1997 and the mean cost of prescriptions to active and pensioner patients. The statistical test used was the t test to compare means for paired data, with p<0.05 the required level of significance.\nOut of the total doctors interviewed (80), 71 replies were obtained for the annual PE and 76 for the mean cost of prescriptions, for both active and pensioner patients. Significant differences were found between the annual PE in reality and doctors' estimates: around twelve million pesetas. The differences between the real mean costs of prescription and the estimates were also significant.\nQuestion: Is there awareness of pharmaceutical expenditure in the reformed primary care system?\nAnswer:", " maybe"], ["Abstract: A multicentre, retrospective study was conducted of patients with rectal cancer threatening or affecting the prostatic plane, but not the bladder, judged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The use of preoperative chemoradiotherapy and the type of urologic resection were correlated with the status of the pathological circumferential resection margin (CRM) and local recurrence.\nA consecutive series of 126 men with rectal cancer threatening (44) or affecting (82) the prostatic plane on preoperative staging and operated with local curative intent between 1998 and 2010 was analysed. In patients who did not have chemoradiotherapy but had a preoperative threatened anterior margin the CRM-positive rate was 25.0%. In patients who did not have preoperative chemoradiotherapy but did have an affected margin, the CRM-positive rate was 41.7%. When preoperative radiotherapy was given, the respective CRM infiltration rates were 7.1 and 20.7%. In patients having preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by prostatic resection the rate of CRM positivity was 2.4%. Partial prostatectomy after preoperative chemoradiotherapy resulted in a free anterior CRM in all cases, but intra-operative urethral damage occurred in 36.4% of patients who underwent partial prostatectomy, resulting in a postoperative urinary fistula in 18.2% of patients.\nQuestion: Rectal cancer threatening or affecting the prostatic plane: is partial prostatectomy oncologically adequate?\nAnswer:", " yes"], ["Abstract: A multicentre, retrospective study was conducted of patients with rectal cancer threatening or affecting the prostatic plane, but not the bladder, judged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The use of preoperative chemoradiotherapy and the type of urologic resection were correlated with the status of the pathological circumferential resection margin (CRM) and local recurrence.\nA consecutive series of 126 men with rectal cancer threatening (44) or affecting (82) the prostatic plane on preoperative staging and operated with local curative intent between 1998 and 2010 was analysed. In patients who did not have chemoradiotherapy but had a preoperative threatened anterior margin the CRM-positive rate was 25.0%. In patients who did not have preoperative chemoradiotherapy but did have an affected margin, the CRM-positive rate was 41.7%. When preoperative radiotherapy was given, the respective CRM infiltration rates were 7.1 and 20.7%. In patients having preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by prostatic resection the rate of CRM positivity was 2.4%. Partial prostatectomy after preoperative chemoradiotherapy resulted in a free anterior CRM in all cases, but intra-operative urethral damage occurred in 36.4% of patients who underwent partial prostatectomy, resulting in a postoperative urinary fistula in 18.2% of patients.\nQuestion: Rectal cancer threatening or affecting the prostatic plane: is partial prostatectomy oncologically adequate?\nAnswer:", " no"], ["Abstract: A multicentre, retrospective study was conducted of patients with rectal cancer threatening or affecting the prostatic plane, but not the bladder, judged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The use of preoperative chemoradiotherapy and the type of urologic resection were correlated with the status of the pathological circumferential resection margin (CRM) and local recurrence.\nA consecutive series of 126 men with rectal cancer threatening (44) or affecting (82) the prostatic plane on preoperative staging and operated with local curative intent between 1998 and 2010 was analysed. In patients who did not have chemoradiotherapy but had a preoperative threatened anterior margin the CRM-positive rate was 25.0%. In patients who did not have preoperative chemoradiotherapy but did have an affected margin, the CRM-positive rate was 41.7%. When preoperative radiotherapy was given, the respective CRM infiltration rates were 7.1 and 20.7%. In patients having preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by prostatic resection the rate of CRM positivity was 2.4%. Partial prostatectomy after preoperative chemoradiotherapy resulted in a free anterior CRM in all cases, but intra-operative urethral damage occurred in 36.4% of patients who underwent partial prostatectomy, resulting in a postoperative urinary fistula in 18.2% of patients.\nQuestion: Rectal cancer threatening or affecting the prostatic plane: is partial prostatectomy oncologically adequate?\nAnswer:", " maybe"], ["Abstract: To investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating phonotraumatic vocal fold lesions.STUDY DESIGN/\nA total of 123 dysphonic individuals with benign vocal pathologies were recruited. They were given either genuine acupuncture (n\u00a0=\u00a040), sham acupuncture (n\u00a0=\u00a044), or no treatment (n\u00a0=\u00a039) for 6\u00a0weeks (two 30-minute sessions/wk). The genuine acupuncture group received needles puncturing nine voice-related acupoints for 30\u00a0minutes, two times a week for 6\u00a0weeks, whereas the sham acupuncture group received blunted needles stimulating the skin surface of the nine acupoints for the same frequency and duration. The no-treatment group did not receive any intervention but attended just the assessment sessions. One-hundred seventeen subjects completed the study (genuine acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a040; sham acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a043; and no treatment\u00a0=\u00a034), but only 84 of them had a complete set of vocal functions and quality of life measures (genuine acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a029; sham acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a033; and no-treatment\u00a0=\u00a022) and 42 of them with a complete set of endoscopic data (genuine acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a016; sham acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a015; and no treatment\u00a0=\u00a011).\nSignificant improvement in vocal function, as indicated by the maximum fundamental frequency produced, and also perceived quality of life, were found in both the genuine and sham acupuncture groups, but not in the no-treatment group. Structural (morphological) improvements were, however, only noticed in the genuine acupuncture group, which demonstrated a significant reduction in the size of the vocal fold lesions.\nQuestion: Is Acupuncture Efficacious for Treating Phonotraumatic Vocal Pathologies?\nAnswer:", " yes"], ["Abstract: To investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating phonotraumatic vocal fold lesions.STUDY DESIGN/\nA total of 123 dysphonic individuals with benign vocal pathologies were recruited. They were given either genuine acupuncture (n\u00a0=\u00a040), sham acupuncture (n\u00a0=\u00a044), or no treatment (n\u00a0=\u00a039) for 6\u00a0weeks (two 30-minute sessions/wk). The genuine acupuncture group received needles puncturing nine voice-related acupoints for 30\u00a0minutes, two times a week for 6\u00a0weeks, whereas the sham acupuncture group received blunted needles stimulating the skin surface of the nine acupoints for the same frequency and duration. The no-treatment group did not receive any intervention but attended just the assessment sessions. One-hundred seventeen subjects completed the study (genuine acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a040; sham acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a043; and no treatment\u00a0=\u00a034), but only 84 of them had a complete set of vocal functions and quality of life measures (genuine acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a029; sham acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a033; and no-treatment\u00a0=\u00a022) and 42 of them with a complete set of endoscopic data (genuine acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a016; sham acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a015; and no treatment\u00a0=\u00a011).\nSignificant improvement in vocal function, as indicated by the maximum fundamental frequency produced, and also perceived quality of life, were found in both the genuine and sham acupuncture groups, but not in the no-treatment group. Structural (morphological) improvements were, however, only noticed in the genuine acupuncture group, which demonstrated a significant reduction in the size of the vocal fold lesions.\nQuestion: Is Acupuncture Efficacious for Treating Phonotraumatic Vocal Pathologies?\nAnswer:", " no"], ["Abstract: To investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating phonotraumatic vocal fold lesions.STUDY DESIGN/\nA total of 123 dysphonic individuals with benign vocal pathologies were recruited. They were given either genuine acupuncture (n\u00a0=\u00a040), sham acupuncture (n\u00a0=\u00a044), or no treatment (n\u00a0=\u00a039) for 6\u00a0weeks (two 30-minute sessions/wk). The genuine acupuncture group received needles puncturing nine voice-related acupoints for 30\u00a0minutes, two times a week for 6\u00a0weeks, whereas the sham acupuncture group received blunted needles stimulating the skin surface of the nine acupoints for the same frequency and duration. The no-treatment group did not receive any intervention but attended just the assessment sessions. One-hundred seventeen subjects completed the study (genuine acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a040; sham acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a043; and no treatment\u00a0=\u00a034), but only 84 of them had a complete set of vocal functions and quality of life measures (genuine acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a029; sham acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a033; and no-treatment\u00a0=\u00a022) and 42 of them with a complete set of endoscopic data (genuine acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a016; sham acupuncture\u00a0=\u00a015; and no treatment\u00a0=\u00a011).\nSignificant improvement in vocal function, as indicated by the maximum fundamental frequency produced, and also perceived quality of life, were found in both the genuine and sham acupuncture groups, but not in the no-treatment group. Structural (morphological) improvements were, however, only noticed in the genuine acupuncture group, which demonstrated a significant reduction in the size of the vocal fold lesions.\nQuestion: Is Acupuncture Efficacious for Treating Phonotraumatic Vocal Pathologies?\nAnswer:", " maybe"], ["Abstract: It remains controversial whether there is a gender difference in survival of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer.\nWe retrospectively analyzed 2770 patients (1689 men and 1081 women) with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection between 1995 and 2005 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. A gender difference in survival was studied in all patients, in those divided according to histology or pathologic stage, and in propensity-matched gender pairs.\nThere were no differences in background, such as preoperative pulmonary function, operation procedures, or operative mortality. The proportions of adenocarcinoma and pathologic stage I in women were greater than those in men (93.6% vs 61.7% and 71.4% vs 58.6%, respectively) (P<.001). Overall 5-year survival of women was better than that of men (81% vs 70%, P<.001). In adenocarcinoma, the overall 5-year survival for women was better than that for men in pathologic stage I (95% vs 87%, P<.001) and in pathologic stage II or higher (58% vs 51%, P = .017). In non-adenocarcinoma, there was no significant gender difference in survival in pathologic stage I (P = .313) or pathologic stage II or higher (P = .770). The variables such as age, smoking status, histology, and pathologic stage were used for propensity score matching, and survival analysis of propensity score-matched gender pairs did not show a significant difference (P = .69).\nQuestion: Gender difference in survival of resected non-small cell lung cancer: histology-related phenomenon?\nAnswer:", " yes"], ["Abstract: It remains controversial whether there is a gender difference in survival of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer.\nWe retrospectively analyzed 2770 patients (1689 men and 1081 women) with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection between 1995 and 2005 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. A gender difference in survival was studied in all patients, in those divided according to histology or pathologic stage, and in propensity-matched gender pairs.\nThere were no differences in background, such as preoperative pulmonary function, operation procedures, or operative mortality. The proportions of adenocarcinoma and pathologic stage I in women were greater than those in men (93.6% vs 61.7% and 71.4% vs 58.6%, respectively) (P<.001). Overall 5-year survival of women was better than that of men (81% vs 70%, P<.001). In adenocarcinoma, the overall 5-year survival for women was better than that for men in pathologic stage I (95% vs 87%, P<.001) and in pathologic stage II or higher (58% vs 51%, P = .017). In non-adenocarcinoma, there was no significant gender difference in survival in pathologic stage I (P = .313) or pathologic stage II or higher (P = .770). The variables such as age, smoking status, histology, and pathologic stage were used for propensity score matching, and survival analysis of propensity score-matched gender pairs did not show a significant difference (P = .69).\nQuestion: Gender difference in survival of resected non-small cell lung cancer: histology-related phenomenon?\nAnswer:", " no"], ["Abstract: It remains controversial whether there is a gender difference in survival of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer.\nWe retrospectively analyzed 2770 patients (1689 men and 1081 women) with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection between 1995 and 2005 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. A gender difference in survival was studied in all patients, in those divided according to histology or pathologic stage, and in propensity-matched gender pairs.\nThere were no differences in background, such as preoperative pulmonary function, operation procedures, or operative mortality. The proportions of adenocarcinoma and pathologic stage I in women were greater than those in men (93.6% vs 61.7% and 71.4% vs 58.6%, respectively) (P<.001). Overall 5-year survival of women was better than that of men (81% vs 70%, P<.001). In adenocarcinoma, the overall 5-year survival for women was better than that for men in pathologic stage I (95% vs 87%, P<.001) and in pathologic stage II or higher (58% vs 51%, P = .017). In non-adenocarcinoma, there was no significant gender difference in survival in pathologic stage I (P = .313) or pathologic stage II or higher (P = .770). The variables such as age, smoking status, histology, and pathologic stage were used for propensity score matching, and survival analysis of propensity score-matched gender pairs did not show a significant difference (P = .69).\nQuestion: Gender difference in survival of resected non-small cell lung cancer: histology-related phenomenon?\nAnswer:", " maybe"], ["Abstract: The purpose of this study is to measure the accuracy and reliability of normally sighted, visually impaired, and blind pedestrians at making street crossing decisions using visual and/or auditory information.\nUsing a 5-point rating scale, safety ratings for vehicular gaps of different durations were measured along a two-lane street of one-way traffic without a traffic signal. Safety ratings were collected from 12 normally sighted, 10 visually impaired, and 10 blind subjects for eight different gap times under three sensory conditions: (1) visual plus auditory information, (2) visual information only, and (3) auditory information only. Accuracy and reliability in street crossing decision-making were calculated for each subject under each sensory condition.\nWe found that normally sighted and visually impaired pedestrians were accurate and reliable in their street crossing decision-making ability when using either vision plus hearing or vision only (P>0.05). Under the hearing only condition, all subjects were reliable (P>0.05) but inaccurate with their street crossing decisions (P<0.05). Compared to either the normally sighted (P = 0.018) or visually impaired subjects (P = 0.019), blind subjects were the least accurate with their street crossing decisions under the hearing only condition.\nQuestion: Are normally sighted, visually impaired, and blind pedestrians accurate and reliable at making street crossing decisions?\nAnswer:", " yes"], ["Abstract: The purpose of this study is to measure the accuracy and reliability of normally sighted, visually impaired, and blind pedestrians at making street crossing decisions using visual and/or auditory information.\nUsing a 5-point rating scale, safety ratings for vehicular gaps of different durations were measured along a two-lane street of one-way traffic without a traffic signal. Safety ratings were collected from 12 normally sighted, 10 visually impaired, and 10 blind subjects for eight different gap times under three sensory conditions: (1) visual plus auditory information, (2) visual information only, and (3) auditory information only. Accuracy and reliability in street crossing decision-making were calculated for each subject under each sensory condition.\nWe found that normally sighted and visually impaired pedestrians were accurate and reliable in their street crossing decision-making ability when using either vision plus hearing or vision only (P>0.05). Under the hearing only condition, all subjects were reliable (P>0.05) but inaccurate with their street crossing decisions (P<0.05). Compared to either the normally sighted (P = 0.018) or visually impaired subjects (P = 0.019), blind subjects were the least accurate with their street crossing decisions under the hearing only condition.\nQuestion: Are normally sighted, visually impaired, and blind pedestrians accurate and reliable at making street crossing decisions?\nAnswer:", " no"], ["Abstract: The purpose of this study is to measure the accuracy and reliability of normally sighted, visually impaired, and blind pedestrians at making street crossing decisions using visual and/or auditory information.\nUsing a 5-point rating scale, safety ratings for vehicular gaps of different durations were measured along a two-lane street of one-way traffic without a traffic signal. Safety ratings were collected from 12 normally sighted, 10 visually impaired, and 10 blind subjects for eight different gap times under three sensory conditions: (1) visual plus auditory information, (2) visual information only, and (3) auditory information only. Accuracy and reliability in street crossing decision-making were calculated for each subject under each sensory condition.\nWe found that normally sighted and visually impaired pedestrians were accurate and reliable in their street crossing decision-making ability when using either vision plus hearing or vision only (P>0.05). Under the hearing only condition, all subjects were reliable (P>0.05) but inaccurate with their street crossing decisions (P<0.05). Compared to either the normally sighted (P = 0.018) or visually impaired subjects (P = 0.019), blind subjects were the least accurate with their street crossing decisions under the hearing only condition.\nQuestion: Are normally sighted, visually impaired, and blind pedestrians accurate and reliable at making street crossing decisions?\nAnswer:", " maybe"], ["Abstract: Recently, orthostatic myoclonus (OM) has been suggested as a cause of gait impairment and unsteadiness in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of orthostatic myoclonus, its clinical characteristics and the underlying associated neurological disorders.\nA retrospective analysis of clinical data and electromyogram surface recordings from subjects with unexplained unsteadiness/gait impairment was performed. Diagnosis of OM was made when a pattern of non-rhythmic bursts was observed (duration range 20-100 ms; bursts per second \u226416).\nAmong 93 subjects studied, OM was the most frequent disorder (n = 16; 17.2%), followed by orthostatic tremor (13.9%) and low frequency tremors during orthostatism (12.9%). All patients with OM complained about unsteadiness during orthostatism and/or during gait. Leg jerking was only observed by visual inspection during orthostatism in four subjects and two also presented falls. Eleven out of 16 patients (68.7%) with OM had an associated neurodegenerative disease, such as multiple system atrophy (n = 3) Parkinson's disease (n = 2), Alzheimer's disease (n = 2), mild cognitive impairment (n = 2) and normal pressure hydrocephalus (n = 2). Although four subjects showed improvement of orthostatic myoclonus with antimyoclonic treatment, the follow-up was not systematic enough to evaluate their therapeutic effect on OM.\nQuestion: Orthostatic myoclonus: an underrecognized cause of unsteadiness?\nAnswer:", " yes"], ["Abstract: Recently, orthostatic myoclonus (OM) has been suggested as a cause of gait impairment and unsteadiness in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of orthostatic myoclonus, its clinical characteristics and the underlying associated neurological disorders.\nA retrospective analysis of clinical data and electromyogram surface recordings from subjects with unexplained unsteadiness/gait impairment was performed. Diagnosis of OM was made when a pattern of non-rhythmic bursts was observed (duration range 20-100 ms; bursts per second \u226416).\nAmong 93 subjects studied, OM was the most frequent disorder (n = 16; 17.2%), followed by orthostatic tremor (13.9%) and low frequency tremors during orthostatism (12.9%). All patients with OM complained about unsteadiness during orthostatism and/or during gait. Leg jerking was only observed by visual inspection during orthostatism in four subjects and two also presented falls. Eleven out of 16 patients (68.7%) with OM had an associated neurodegenerative disease, such as multiple system atrophy (n = 3) Parkinson's disease (n = 2), Alzheimer's disease (n = 2), mild cognitive impairment (n = 2) and normal pressure hydrocephalus (n = 2). Although four subjects showed improvement of orthostatic myoclonus with antimyoclonic treatment, the follow-up was not systematic enough to evaluate their therapeutic effect on OM.\nQuestion: Orthostatic myoclonus: an underrecognized cause of unsteadiness?\nAnswer:", " no"], ["Abstract: Recently, orthostatic myoclonus (OM) has been suggested as a cause of gait impairment and unsteadiness in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of orthostatic myoclonus, its clinical characteristics and the underlying associated neurological disorders.\nA retrospective analysis of clinical data and electromyogram surface recordings from subjects with unexplained unsteadiness/gait impairment was performed. Diagnosis of OM was made when a pattern of non-rhythmic bursts was observed (duration range 20-100 ms; bursts per second \u226416).\nAmong 93 subjects studied, OM was the most frequent disorder (n = 16; 17.2%), followed by orthostatic tremor (13.9%) and low frequency tremors during orthostatism (12.9%). All patients with OM complained about unsteadiness during orthostatism and/or during gait. Leg jerking was only observed by visual inspection during orthostatism in four subjects and two also presented falls. Eleven out of 16 patients (68.7%) with OM had an associated neurodegenerative disease, such as multiple system atrophy (n = 3) Parkinson's disease (n = 2), Alzheimer's disease (n = 2), mild cognitive impairment (n = 2) and normal pressure hydrocephalus (n = 2). Although four subjects showed improvement of orthostatic myoclonus with antimyoclonic treatment, the follow-up was not systematic enough to evaluate their therapeutic effect on OM.\nQuestion: Orthostatic myoclonus: an underrecognized cause of unsteadiness?\nAnswer:", " maybe"], ["Abstract: Older adults (OA) with advanced cancer (AC) undergoing phase I clinical trials (PICT) have poor prognosis. There are no studies which describe symptoms experienced by OA.\nRetrospective chart review of PICT participants>60 years. OA were compared by age (>65 vs 60-65) and by number of symptoms (>3 vs \u22643).\nN = 56. Mean age = 67.09; 48.21% female. Median life-expectancy = 5 months (interquartile range = 2-9 months); 80.36% had pain; of those 64% without pain scale. Most did not have interdisciplinary professionals or hospice referrals. Older adults with>3 symptoms had more admissions (37.5% vs 14.29%; P = .0335), complications (46.43% vs 16.07%; P = .0026), and greater decline in functional status (24 participants>3 symptoms vs 8; P = .0173). There were no significant differences comparing OA by age.\nQuestion: Do symptoms matter when considering patients for phase I clinical trials?\nAnswer:", " yes"], ["Abstract: Older adults (OA) with advanced cancer (AC) undergoing phase I clinical trials (PICT) have poor prognosis. There are no studies which describe symptoms experienced by OA.\nRetrospective chart review of PICT participants>60 years. OA were compared by age (>65 vs 60-65) and by number of symptoms (>3 vs \u22643).\nN = 56. Mean age = 67.09; 48.21% female. Median life-expectancy = 5 months (interquartile range = 2-9 months); 80.36% had pain; of those 64% without pain scale. Most did not have interdisciplinary professionals or hospice referrals. Older adults with>3 symptoms had more admissions (37.5% vs 14.29%; P = .0335), complications (46.43% vs 16.07%; P = .0026), and greater decline in functional status (24 participants>3 symptoms vs 8; P = .0173). There were no significant differences comparing OA by age.\nQuestion: Do symptoms matter when considering patients for phase I clinical trials?\nAnswer:", " no"], ["Abstract: Older adults (OA) with advanced cancer (AC) undergoing phase I clinical trials (PICT) have poor prognosis. There are no studies which describe symptoms experienced by OA.\nRetrospective chart review of PICT participants>60 years. OA were compared by age (>65 vs 60-65) and by number of symptoms (>3 vs \u22643).\nN = 56. Mean age = 67.09; 48.21% female. Median life-expectancy = 5 months (interquartile range = 2-9 months); 80.36% had pain; of those 64% without pain scale. Most did not have interdisciplinary professionals or hospice referrals. Older adults with>3 symptoms had more admissions (37.5% vs 14.29%; P = .0335), complications (46.43% vs 16.07%; P = .0026), and greater decline in functional status (24 participants>3 symptoms vs 8; P = .0173). There were no significant differences comparing OA by age.\nQuestion: Do symptoms matter when considering patients for phase I clinical trials?\nAnswer:", " maybe"], ["Abstract: Knowing the collaterals is essential for a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels.\nTo ascertain the sources of the blood supply to the spleen after a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels.\nPerfusion of the cadaveric left gastric and right gastroepiploic arteries with methylene blue after occlusion of all the arteries except the short gastric arteries (n=10). Intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound was used for the evaluation of the hilar arterial blood flow at distal pancreatectomy (n=23) after 1) clamping of the splenic artery alone, 2) clamping of the splenic and left gastroepiploic arteries and 3) clamping of the splenic and short gastric arteries. CT angiography of the gastric and splenic vessels before and after a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (n=10).\nPerfusion of the cadaveric arteries revealed no effective direct or indirect (through the submucous gastric arterial network) communication between the left gastric and the branches of the short gastric arteries. In no case did intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound detect any hilar arterial blood flow after the clamping of the splenic and left gastroepiploic arteries. The clamping of the short gastric arteries did not change the flow parameters. In none of the cases did a post-spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels CT angiography delineate the short gastric vessels supplying the spleen. In all cases, the gastroepiploic arcade was the main arterial pathway feeding the spleen.\nQuestion: Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels. Should one rely on the short gastric arteries?\nAnswer:", " yes"], ["Abstract: Knowing the collaterals is essential for a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels.\nTo ascertain the sources of the blood supply to the spleen after a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels.\nPerfusion of the cadaveric left gastric and right gastroepiploic arteries with methylene blue after occlusion of all the arteries except the short gastric arteries (n=10). Intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound was used for the evaluation of the hilar arterial blood flow at distal pancreatectomy (n=23) after 1) clamping of the splenic artery alone, 2) clamping of the splenic and left gastroepiploic arteries and 3) clamping of the splenic and short gastric arteries. CT angiography of the gastric and splenic vessels before and after a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (n=10).\nPerfusion of the cadaveric arteries revealed no effective direct or indirect (through the submucous gastric arterial network) communication between the left gastric and the branches of the short gastric arteries. In no case did intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound detect any hilar arterial blood flow after the clamping of the splenic and left gastroepiploic arteries. The clamping of the short gastric arteries did not change the flow parameters. In none of the cases did a post-spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels CT angiography delineate the short gastric vessels supplying the spleen. In all cases, the gastroepiploic arcade was the main arterial pathway feeding the spleen.\nQuestion: Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels. Should one rely on the short gastric arteries?\nAnswer:", " no"], ["Abstract: Knowing the collaterals is essential for a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels.\nTo ascertain the sources of the blood supply to the spleen after a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels.\nPerfusion of the cadaveric left gastric and right gastroepiploic arteries with methylene blue after occlusion of all the arteries except the short gastric arteries (n=10). Intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound was used for the evaluation of the hilar arterial blood flow at distal pancreatectomy (n=23) after 1) clamping of the splenic artery alone, 2) clamping of the splenic and left gastroepiploic arteries and 3) clamping of the splenic and short gastric arteries. CT angiography of the gastric and splenic vessels before and after a spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (n=10).\nPerfusion of the cadaveric arteries revealed no effective direct or indirect (through the submucous gastric arterial network) communication between the left gastric and the branches of the short gastric arteries. In no case did intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound detect any hilar arterial blood flow after the clamping of the splenic and left gastroepiploic arteries. The clamping of the short gastric arteries did not change the flow parameters. In none of the cases did a post-spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels CT angiography delineate the short gastric vessels supplying the spleen. In all cases, the gastroepiploic arcade was the main arterial pathway feeding the spleen.\nQuestion: Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with resection of the splenic vessels. Should one rely on the short gastric arteries?\nAnswer:", " maybe"]]
\ No newline at end of file

tests/testdata/pubmedqa-v0-res.json

-{"results": {"pubmedqa": {"acc": 0.2, "acc_stderr": 0.13333333333333333}}, "versions": {"pubmedqa": 0}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"results": {"pubmedqa": {"acc": 0.324, "acc_stderr": 0.01480686473373886}}, "versions": {"pubmedqa": 0}}
\ No newline at end of file

tests/testdata/qa4mre_2011-v0-loglikelihood

+0d09f17c65768e797633494d2d218e4e46a26f718cab8b0bf3d156b073a8c437
\ No newline at end of file

tests/testdata/qa4mre_2011-v0-res.json

-{"results": {"qa4mre_2011": {"acc": 0.1, "acc_stderr": 0.09999999999999999, "acc_norm": 0.0, "acc_norm_stderr": 0.0}}, "versions": {"qa4mre_2011": 0}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"results": {"qa4mre_2011": {"acc": 0.225, "acc_norm": 0.23333333333333334, "acc_norm_stderr": 0.03877199986918664, "acc_stderr": 0.0382797091741014}}, "versions": {"qa4mre_2011": 0}}
\ No newline at end of file

tests/testdata/qa4mre_2012-v0-loglikelihood

+7e17261820acb365966cb9431d93aec983b14393eaeefbc96e30a11cf58bc6df
\ No newline at end of file

tests/testdata/qa4mre_2012-v0-res.json

-{"results": {"qa4mre_2012": {"acc": 0.3, "acc_stderr": 0.15275252316519464, "acc_norm": 0.3, "acc_norm_stderr": 0.15275252316519464}}, "versions": {"qa4mre_2012": 0}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{"results": {"qa4mre_2012": {"acc": 0.15625, "acc_norm": 0.16875, "acc_norm_stderr": 0.029702236908328808, "acc_stderr": 0.02879508360159146}}, "versions": {"qa4mre_2012": 0}}
\ No newline at end of file