dataset_name: astronomy
description: "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about astronomy.\n\
  \nQ: Where do most short-period comets come from and how do we know?\n(A) The Kuiper\
  \ belt; short period comets tend to be in the plane of the solar system just like\
  \ the Kuiper belt. (B) The Kuiper belt; short period comets tend to come from random\
  \ directions indicating a spherical distribution of comets called the Kuiper belt.\
  \ (C) The asteroid belt; short period comets have orbital periods similar to asteroids\
  \ like Vesta and are found in the plane of the solar system just like the asteroid\
  \ belt. (D) The Oort cloud; short period comets tend to be in the plane of the solar\
  \ system just like the Oort cloud.\nA: Let's think step by step. Most short-period\
  \ comets come from the Kuiper belt, and we know because short period coments tend\
  \ to be in the plane of the solar system, just like the Kuiper belt is. The answer\
  \ is (A).\n\nQ: You are pushing a truck along a road. Would it be easier to accelerate\
  \ this truck on Mars? Why? (Assume there is no friction)\n(A) It would be harder\
  \ since the truck is heavier on Mars. (B) It would be easier since the truck is\
  \ lighter on Mars. (C) It would be harder since the truck is lighter on Mars. (D)\
  \ It would be the same no matter where you are.\nA: Let's think step by step. If\
  \ we assume that there is no friction, the force needed to accelerate the truck\
  \ is by Newton\u2019s second law only dependent on the mass of the truck. Hence\
  \ (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect since it doesn\u2019t matter that it\u2019s on\
  \ Mars, and (D) is the correct answer. The answer is (D).\n\nQ: Say the pupil of\
  \ your eye has a diameter of 5 mm and you have a telescope with an aperture of 50\
  \ cm. How much more light can the telescope gather than your eye?\n(A) 10000 times\
  \ more (B) 100 times more (C) 1000 times more (D) 10 times more\nA: Let's think\
  \ step by step. The amount of light is proportional to the aperture area $A = \\\
  pi D^2/4$ for a lens with diameter $D$, so the relative amounts of light between\
  \ the eye with diameter 5mm and the telescope with diameter 50mm is $(50 cm)^2/(5mm)^2\
  \ = 10000$. The answer is (A).\n\nQ: Why isn't there a planet where the asteroid\
  \ belt is located?\n(A) A planet once formed here but it was broken apart by a catastrophic\
  \ collision. (B) There was not enough material in this part of the solar nebula\
  \ to form a planet. (C) There was too much rocky material to form a terrestrial\
  \ planet but not enough gaseous material to form a jovian planet. (D) Resonance\
  \ with Jupiter prevented material from collecting together to form a planet.\nA:\
  \ Let's think step by step. The asteroid belt is a stellar disc consisting of a\
  \ large number of asteroids between Mars and Jupiter's orbits. The asteroids in\
  \ this belt are affected by the gravitational pull from both other asteroids and\
  \ nearby planets. Due to the strong gravitational force of Jupiter there are resonances\
  \ that give rise to low density regions of asteroids known as the Kirkwood gap.\
  \ So (B) and (C) are not correct since it\u2019s not a lack of material that prevents\
  \ a planet from being formed, and (A) is incorrect because the Kirkwood gap would\
  \ have prevented a planet from forming in the first place, and (D) is the correct\
  \ option. The answer is (D).\n\nQ: Why is Mars red?\n(A) Because the surface is\
  \ covered with heavily oxidized (\"rusted\") minerals. (B) Because the atmosphere\
  \ scatters more light at bluer wavelengths transmitting mostly red light. (C) Because\
  \ Mars is covered with ancient lava flows which are red in color. (D) Because flowing\
  \ water on Mars's surface altered the surface minerals several billion years ago.\n\
  A: Let's think step by step. Option (B) is not correct because if the red color\
  \ was caused by the scattering off the atmosphere, then the earth with a much thicker\
  \ atmosphere would also look red. Options (C) and (D) are not specific enough about\
  \ why the color of the surface would be red, while (A) is correct because it explains\
  \ that the surface is red due to the rusted materials on the surface and the red\
  \ color comes from the rust. So the correct option is (A). The answer is (A)."
include: _mmlu_flan_cot_fewshot_template_yaml
task: mmlu_flan_cot_fewshot_astronomy
