Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into aosewski/ggemm_multi_d2

example/62_convnd_activ/convscale/convnd_fwd_xdl_convscale_fp8.cpp

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) 2024, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+#include "convnd_fwd_convscale_common.hpp"
+
+#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/device/impl/device_grouped_conv_fwd_multiple_abd_xdl_cshuffle.hpp"
+
+#include "ck/library/utility/convolution_host_tensor_descriptor_helper.hpp"
+
+using InDataType       = ck::f8_t;
+using WeiDataType      = ck::f8_t;
+using AccDataType      = float;
+using CShuffleDataType = float;
+using DsDataType       = ck::Tuple<>;
+using OutDataType      = ck::f8_t;
+using AComputeDataType = ck::f8_t;
+using BComputeDataType = ck::f8_t;
+
+template <ck::index_t... Is>
+using S = ck::Sequence<Is...>;
+
+using InElementOp  = PassThrough;
+using WeiElementOp = PassThrough;
+using OutElementOp = ConvScale;
+
+static constexpr auto ConvSpec =
+    ck::tensor_operation::device::ConvolutionForwardSpecialization::Default;
+
+static constexpr auto GemmSpec = ck::tensor_operation::device::GemmSpecialization::MNKPadding;
+
+template <ck::index_t NDimSpatial,
+          typename InLayout,
+          typename WeiLayout,
+          typename DsLayout,
+          typename OutLayout>
+using DeviceGroupedConvNDFwdInstance =
+    ck::tensor_operation::device::DeviceGroupedConvFwdMultipleABD_Xdl_CShuffle<
+        NDimSpatial,
+        InLayout,
+        WeiLayout,
+        DsLayout,
+        OutLayout,
+        InDataType,
+        WeiDataType,
+        AccDataType,
+        CShuffleDataType,
+        DsDataType,
+        OutDataType,
+        InElementOp,
+        WeiElementOp,
+        OutElementOp,
+        ConvSpec,    // ConvForwardSpecialization
+        GemmSpec,    // GemmSpecialization
+        1,           //
+        256,         // BlockSize
+        128,         // MPerBlock
+        256,         // NPerBlock
+        32,          // KPerBlock
+        8,           // AK1
+        8,           // BK1
+        32,          // MPerXdl
+        32,          // NPerXdl
+        2,           // MXdlPerWave
+        4,           // NXdlPerWave
+        S<4, 64, 1>, // ABlockTransferThreadClusterLengths_AK0_M_AK1
+        S<1, 0, 2>,  // ABlockTransferThreadClusterArrangeOrder
+        S<1, 0, 2>,  // ABlockTransferSrcAccessOrder
+        2,           // ABlockTransferSrcVectorDim
+        8,           // ABlockTransferSrcScalarPerVector
+        8,           // ABlockTransferDstScalarPerVector_AK1
+        1,           // ABlockLdsExtraM
+        S<4, 64, 1>, // BBlockTransferThreadClusterLengths_BK0_N_BK1
+        S<1, 0, 2>,  // BBlockTransferThreadClusterArrangeOrder
+        S<1, 0, 2>,  // BBlockTransferSrcAccessOrder
+        2,           // BBlockTransferSrcVectorDim
+        8,           // BBlockTransferSrcScalarPerVector
+        8,           // BBlockTransferDstScalarPerVector_BK1
+        1,           // BBlockLdsExtraN
+        1,
+        1,
+        S<1, 32, 1, 8>,
+        8,
+        AComputeDataType,
+        BComputeDataType>;
+
+#include "run_convnd_fwd_convscale_example.inc"
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { return run_convnd_fwd_example(argc, argv) ? 0 : 1; }

example/62_convnd_activ/convscale/run_convnd_fwd_convscale_example.inc

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) 2024, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+#pragma once
+
+bool run_convnd_fwd_example(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+    print_helper_msg();
+
+    bool do_verification = true;
+    int init_method      = 1;
+    bool time_kernel     = false;
+
+    ck::utils::conv::ConvParam conv_param{
+        2, 1, 128, 256, 192, {3, 3}, {71, 71}, {2, 2}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}};
+
+    if(argc == 1)
+    {
+        // use default
+    }
+    else if(argc == 4)
+    {
+        do_verification = std::stoi(argv[1]);
+        init_method     = std::stoi(argv[2]);
+        time_kernel     = std::stoi(argv[3]);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        do_verification                   = std::stoi(argv[1]);
+        init_method                       = std::stoi(argv[2]);
+        time_kernel                       = std::stoi(argv[3]);
+        const ck::index_t num_dim_spatial = std::stoi(argv[4]);
+
+        conv_param = ck::utils::conv::parse_conv_param(num_dim_spatial, 5, argv);
+    }
+
+    // instantiate in and wei element ops, will
+    // instantiate out_element_op below for every iteration
+    const auto in_element_op  = InElementOp{};
+    const auto wei_element_op = WeiElementOp{};
+
+    const auto run =
+        [&](auto ndim_spatial, auto in_layout, auto wei_layout, auto ds_layout, auto out_layout) {
+            constexpr ck::index_t ndim_spatial_value = ndim_spatial.value;
+
+            using InLayout  = decltype(in_layout);
+            using WeiLayout = decltype(wei_layout);
+            using DsLayout  = decltype(ds_layout);
+            using OutLayout = decltype(out_layout);
+
+            const auto in_g_n_c_wis_desc =
+                ck::utils::conv::make_input_host_tensor_descriptor_g_n_c_wis_packed<InLayout>(
+                    conv_param);
+
+            const auto wei_g_k_c_xs_desc =
+                ck::utils::conv::make_weight_host_tensor_descriptor_g_k_c_xs_packed<WeiLayout>(
+                    conv_param);
+
+            const auto out_g_n_k_wos_desc =
+                ck::utils::conv::make_output_host_tensor_descriptor_g_n_k_wos_packed<OutLayout>(
+                    conv_param);
+
+            return run_grouped_conv_fwd<ndim_spatial_value,
+                                        InDataType,
+                                        WeiDataType,
+                                        CShuffleDataType,
+                                        DsDataType,
+                                        OutDataType,
+                                        InElementOp,
+                                        WeiElementOp,
+                                        OutElementOp,
+                                        DeviceGroupedConvNDFwdInstance<ndim_spatial_value,
+                                                                       InLayout,
+                                                                       WeiLayout,
+                                                                       DsLayout,
+                                                                       OutLayout>>(
+                do_verification,
+                init_method,
+                time_kernel,
+                conv_param,
+                in_g_n_c_wis_desc,
+                wei_g_k_c_xs_desc,
+                out_g_n_k_wos_desc,
+                in_element_op,
+                wei_element_op);
+        };
+
+    namespace ctc = ck::tensor_layout::convolution;
+
+    if(conv_param.num_dim_spatial_ == 1)
+    {
+        return run(ck::Number<1>{}, ctc::GNWC{}, ctc::GKXC{}, ck::Tuple<>{}, ctc::GNWK{});
+    }
+    else if(conv_param.num_dim_spatial_ == 2)
+    {
+        return run(ck::Number<2>{}, ctc::GNHWC{}, ctc::GKYXC{}, ck::Tuple<>{}, ctc::GNHWK{});
+    }
+    else if(conv_param.num_dim_spatial_ == 3)
+    {
+        return run(ck::Number<3>{}, ctc::GNDHWC{}, ctc::GKZYXC{}, ck::Tuple<>{}, ctc::GNDHWK{});
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}

example/65_gemm_multiply_multiply/CMakeLists.txt

+add_example_executable(example_gemm_multiply_multiply_xdl_fp16 gemm_multiply_multiply_xdl_fp16.cpp)

example/65_gemm_multiply_multiply/gemm_multiply_multiply_xdl_fp16.cpp

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) 2018-2023, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include "ck/ck.hpp"
+#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/device/gemm_specialization.hpp"
+#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/device/impl/device_gemm_multiple_d_xdl_cshuffle_v3.hpp"
+#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/element/element_wise_operation.hpp"
+#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/element/unary_element_wise_operation.hpp"
+
+#include "ck/library/utility/device_memory.hpp"
+#include "ck/library/utility/host_tensor.hpp"
+#include "ck/library/utility/host_tensor_generator.hpp"
+#include "ck/library/utility/literals.hpp"
+#include "ck/library/reference_tensor_operation/cpu/reference_gemm.hpp"
+#include "ck/library/utility/check_err.hpp"
+
+#include "ck/utility/blkgemmpipe_scheduler.hpp"
+
+template <ck::index_t... Is>
+using S = ck::Sequence<Is...>;
+
+using F16 = ck::half_t;
+using FP8 = ck::f8_t;
+using F32 = float;
+
+using Row = ck::tensor_layout::gemm::RowMajor;
+using Col = ck::tensor_layout::gemm::ColumnMajor;
+
+using A0DataType       = FP8;
+using B0DataType       = FP8;
+using AccDataType      = F32;
+using CShuffleDataType = F32;
+using D0DataType       = F32;
+using D1DataType       = F32;
+using DsDataType       = ck::Tuple<D0DataType, D1DataType>;
+using EDataType        = F16;
+
+using A0Layout = Row;
+using B0Layout = Col;
+using D0Layout = Row;
+using D1Layout = Col;
+using DsLayout = ck::Tuple<D0Layout, D1Layout>;
+using ELayout  = Row;
+
+struct MultiplyMultiply
+{
+    template <typename E, typename C, typename D0, typename D1>
+    __host__ __device__ constexpr void
+    operator()(E& e, const C& c, const D0& d0, const D1& d1) const;
+
+    template <>
+    __host__ __device__ constexpr void operator()<ck::half_t, float, float, float>(
+        ck::half_t& e, const float& c, const float& d0, const float& d1) const
+    {
+        const float x0_f = c * d0 * d1;
+
+        e = ck::type_convert<ck::half_t>(x0_f);
+    }
+};
+
+using PassThrough = ck::tensor_operation::element_wise::PassThrough;
+
+using AElementOp   = PassThrough;
+using BElementOp   = PassThrough;
+using CDEElementOp = MultiplyMultiply;
+
+static constexpr auto GemmSpec = ck::tensor_operation::device::GemmSpecialization::Default;
+
+using DeviceOpInstance = ck::tensor_operation::device::DeviceGemmMultiD_Xdl_CShuffle_V3
+    // clang-format off
+///######|  ALayout|  BLayout| DsLayout| ELayout|      AData|      BData|     DsData|     EData|     AccData|         CShuffle|           A|           B|          CDE|           GEMM| Block|  MPer|  NPer|  KPer| AK1| BK1| MPer| NPer| MXdl| NXdl|  ABlockTransfer| ABlockTransfer| ABlockTransfer| ABlockTransfer| ABlockTransfer| ABlockTransfer| ABlockLds|  BBlockTransfer| BBlockTransfer| BBlockTransfer| BlockTransfer| BBlockTransfer| BBlockTransfer| BBlockLds|    CShuffle|    CShuffle| CBlockTransferClusterLengths|  CBlockTransfer|
+///######|         |         |         |        |       Type|       Type|       Type|      Type|        Type|         DataType| Elementwise| Elementwise|  Elementwise| Spacialization|  Size| Block| Block| Block|    |    |  XDL|  XDL|  Per|  Per|   ThreadCluster|  ThreadCluster| SrcAccessOrder|   SrcVectorDim|      SrcScalar|      DstScalar| AddExtraM|   ThreadCluster|  ThreadCluster| SrcAccessOrder|  SrcVectorDim|      SrcScalar|      DstScalar| AddExtraN| MXdlPerWave| NXdlPerWave|         _MBlock_MWaveMPerXdl| ScalarPerVector|
+///######|         |         |         |        |           |           |           |          |            |                 |   Operation|   Operation|    Operation|               |      |      |      |      |    |    |     |     | Wave| Wave| Lengths_K0_M_K1|   ArrangeOrder|               |               |      PerVector|   PerVector_K1|          | Lengths_K0_N_K1|   ArrangeOrder|               |              |      PerVector|   PerVector_K1|          |  PerShuffle|  PerShuffle|         _NBlock_NWaveNPerXdl|   _NWaveNPerXdl|
+///######|         |         |         |        |           |           |           |          |            |                 |            |            |             |               |      |      |      |      |    |    |     |     |     |     |                |               |               |               |               |               |          |                |               |               |              |               |               |          |            |            |                             |    S<C, D0, D1>|
+///###### RRR
+      ///<      Row,      Row, DsLayout, ELayout, A0DataType, B0DataType, DsDataType, EDataType, AccDataType, CShuffleDataType,  AElementOp,  BElementOp, CDEElementOp,       GemmSpec,   256,   256,   128,    64,  16,   4,  32,   32,    4,    2,     S<4, 64, 1>,     S<1, 0, 2>,    S<1, 0, 2>,               2,             16,             16,          0,    S<16, 16, 1>,    S<0, 2, 1>,     S<0, 2, 1>,             1,               8,              4,          0,          1,           1,               S<1, 32, 1, 8>,      S<8, 8, 1>,  ck::BlockGemmPipelineScheduler::Interwave, ck::BlockGemmPipelineVersion::v1, FP8>;
+///###### RCR
+         <      Row,      Col, DsLayout, ELayout, A0DataType, B0DataType, DsDataType, EDataType, AccDataType, CShuffleDataType,  AElementOp,  BElementOp, CDEElementOp,       GemmSpec,   256,   256,   128,    64,  16,  16,  32,   32,    4,    2,     S<4, 64, 1>,     S<1, 0, 2>,    S<1, 0, 2>,               2,             16,             16,          0,     S<4, 64, 1>,    S<1, 0, 2>,     S<1, 0, 2>,             2,              16,             16,          0,          1,           1,               S<1, 32, 1, 8>,      S<8, 8, 1>,  ck::BlockGemmPipelineScheduler::Interwave, ck::BlockGemmPipelineVersion::v1, FP8>;
+// clang-format on
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+    bool do_verification = true;
+    int init_method      = 1;
+    bool time_kernel     = false;
+
+    // GEMM shape
+    ck::index_t M = 3840;
+    ck::index_t N = 4096;
+    ck::index_t K = 4096;
+
+    ck::index_t StrideA = K;
+    ck::index_t StrideB = K;
+    ck::index_t StrideD = 0;
+    ck::index_t StrideE = N;
+
+    if(argc == 1)
+    {
+        // use default case
+    }
+    else if(argc == 4)
+    {
+        do_verification = std::stoi(argv[1]);
+        init_method     = std::stoi(argv[2]);
+        time_kernel     = std::stoi(argv[3]);
+    }
+    else if(argc == 11)
+    {
+        do_verification = std::stoi(argv[1]);
+        init_method     = std::stoi(argv[2]);
+        time_kernel     = std::stoi(argv[3]);
+
+        M = std::stoi(argv[4]);
+        N = std::stoi(argv[5]);
+        K = std::stoi(argv[6]);
+
+        StrideA = std::stoi(argv[7]);
+        StrideB = std::stoi(argv[8]);
+        StrideD = std::stoi(argv[9]);
+        StrideE = std::stoi(argv[10]);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        printf("arg1: verification (0=no, 1=yes)\n");
+        printf("arg2: initialization (0=no init, 1=integer value, 2=decimal value)\n");
+        printf("arg3: time kernel (0=no, 1=yes)\n");
+        printf("arg4 to 9: M (256x), N(128x), K(32x), StrideA, StrideB, StrideD, StrideE\n");
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    auto f_host_tensor_descriptor =
+        [](std::size_t row, std::size_t col, std::size_t stride, auto layout) {
+            using namespace ck::literals;
+
+            if(std::is_same<decltype(layout), ck::tensor_layout::gemm::RowMajor>::value)
+            {
+                return HostTensorDescriptor({row, col}, {stride, 1_uz});
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return HostTensorDescriptor({row, col}, {1_uz, stride});
+            }
+        };
+
+    Tensor<A0DataType> a0_m_k(f_host_tensor_descriptor(M, K, StrideA, A0Layout{}));
+    Tensor<B0DataType> b0_k_n(f_host_tensor_descriptor(K, N, StrideB, B0Layout{}));
+    Tensor<D0DataType> d0_m_n(f_host_tensor_descriptor(M, N, StrideD, D0Layout{}));
+    Tensor<D1DataType> d1_m_n(f_host_tensor_descriptor(M, N, StrideD, D1Layout{}));
+    Tensor<EDataType> e_m_n_host_result(f_host_tensor_descriptor(M, N, StrideE, ELayout{}));
+    Tensor<EDataType> e_m_n_device_result(f_host_tensor_descriptor(M, N, StrideE, ELayout{}));
+
+    std::cout << "a0_m_k: " << a0_m_k.mDesc << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "b0_k_n: " << b0_k_n.mDesc << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "d1_m_n: " << d1_m_n.mDesc << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "d0_m_n: " << d0_m_n.mDesc << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "e_m_n: " << e_m_n_host_result.mDesc << std::endl;
+
+    switch(init_method)
+    {
+    case 0: break;
+    case 1:
+        a0_m_k.GenerateTensorValue(GeneratorTensor_2<A0DataType>{-2, 2});
+        b0_k_n.GenerateTensorValue(GeneratorTensor_2<B0DataType>{0, 2});
+        d0_m_n.GenerateTensorValue(GeneratorTensor_2<D0DataType>{0, 2});
+        d1_m_n.GenerateTensorValue(GeneratorTensor_2<D1DataType>{0, 2});
+        break;
+    default:
+        a0_m_k.GenerateTensorValue(GeneratorTensor_3<A0DataType>{0.0, 1.0});
+        b0_k_n.GenerateTensorValue(GeneratorTensor_3<B0DataType>{-0.5, 0.5});
+        d0_m_n.GenerateTensorValue(GeneratorTensor_3<D0DataType>{-0.5, 0.5});
+        d1_m_n.GenerateTensorValue(GeneratorTensor_3<D1DataType>{-0.5, 0.5});
+    }
+
+    DeviceMem a0_device_buf(sizeof(A0DataType) * a0_m_k.mDesc.GetElementSpaceSize());
+    DeviceMem b0_device_buf(sizeof(B0DataType) * b0_k_n.mDesc.GetElementSpaceSize());
+    DeviceMem d0_device_buf(sizeof(D0DataType) * d0_m_n.mDesc.GetElementSpaceSize());
+    DeviceMem d1_device_buf(sizeof(D1DataType) * d1_m_n.mDesc.GetElementSpaceSize());
+    DeviceMem e_device_buf(sizeof(EDataType) * e_m_n_device_result.mDesc.GetElementSpaceSize());
+
+    a0_device_buf.ToDevice(a0_m_k.mData.data());
+    b0_device_buf.ToDevice(b0_k_n.mData.data());
+    d0_device_buf.ToDevice(d0_m_n.mData.data());
+    d1_device_buf.ToDevice(d1_m_n.mData.data());
+    e_device_buf.ToDevice(e_m_n_device_result.mData.data());
+
+    auto a_element_op   = AElementOp{};
+    auto b_element_op   = BElementOp{};
+    auto cde_element_op = CDEElementOp{};
+
+    constexpr ck::index_t NumDTensor = DsDataType::Size();
+
+    constexpr auto I0 = ck::Number<0>{};
+
+    // do GEMM
+    auto device_op = DeviceOpInstance{};
+    auto invoker   = device_op.MakeInvoker();
+    auto argument =
+        device_op.MakeArgument(a0_device_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                               b0_device_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                               std::array<const void*, NumDTensor>{d0_device_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                                                                   d1_device_buf.GetDeviceBuffer()},
+                               e_device_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                               M,
+                               N,
+                               K,
+                               StrideA,
+                               StrideB,
+                               std::array<ck::index_t, NumDTensor>{I0, I0},
+                               StrideE,
+                               a_element_op,
+                               b_element_op,
+                               cde_element_op);
+
+    if(!device_op.IsSupportedArgument(argument))
+    {
+        throw std::runtime_error(
+            "wrong! device_gemm with the specified compilation parameters does "
+            "not support this GEMM problem");
+    }
+
+    float ave_time = invoker.Run(argument, StreamConfig{nullptr, time_kernel, 20, 50});
+
+    std::size_t flop = std::size_t(2) * M * N * K;
+    std::size_t num_btype =
+        sizeof(A0DataType) * M * K + sizeof(B0DataType) * K * N + sizeof(EDataType) * M * N;
+
+    float tflops = static_cast<float>(flop) / 1.E9 / ave_time;
+
+    float gb_per_sec = num_btype / 1.E6 / ave_time;
+
+    std::cout << "Perf: " << ave_time << " ms, " << tflops << " TFlops, " << gb_per_sec << " GB/s"
+              << std::endl;
+
+    e_device_buf.FromDevice(e_m_n_device_result.mData.data());
+
+    if(do_verification)
+    {
+        Tensor<CShuffleDataType> c_m_n({M, N});
+
+        using ReferenceGemmInstance = ck::tensor_operation::host::ReferenceGemm<A0DataType,
+                                                                                B0DataType,
+                                                                                CShuffleDataType,
+                                                                                AccDataType,
+                                                                                PassThrough,
+                                                                                PassThrough,
+                                                                                PassThrough>;
+        auto ref_gemm               = ReferenceGemmInstance{};
+        auto ref_invoker            = ref_gemm.MakeInvoker();
+
+        auto ref_argument = ref_gemm.MakeArgument(
+            a0_m_k, b0_k_n, c_m_n, PassThrough{}, PassThrough{}, PassThrough{});
+
+        ref_invoker.Run(ref_argument);
+
+        for(int m = 0; m < M; ++m)
+        {
+            for(int n = 0; n < N; ++n)
+            {
+                cde_element_op(e_m_n_host_result(m, n), c_m_n(m, n), d0_m_n(m, n), d1_m_n(m, n));
+            }
+        }
+
+        e_device_buf.FromDevice(e_m_n_device_result.mData.data());
+
+        return ck::utils::check_err(e_m_n_device_result, e_m_n_host_result) ? 0 : 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}

example/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -44,6 +44,13 @@ function(add_example_executable EXAMPLE_NAME FILE_NAME)
         endif()
     endforeach()
     endif()
+
+    if(INSTANCES_ONLY)
+        set(EX_TARGETS ${DEFAULT_GPU_TARGETS})
+    else()
+        set(EX_TARGETS ${GPU_TARGETS})
+    endif()
+
     #Do not build any DL examples if DL_KERNELS not set
     foreach(source IN LISTS FILE_NAME)
         if(NOT DEFINED DL_KERNELS AND source MATCHES "_dl")
@@ -53,23 +60,30 @@ function(add_example_executable EXAMPLE_NAME FILE_NAME)
     endforeach()
     #Do not build any XDL examples if gfx9 targets are not on the list
     foreach(source IN LISTS FILE_NAME)
-        if(NOT GPU_TARGETS MATCHES "gfx9" AND source MATCHES "_xdl")
+        if(NOT EX_TARGETS MATCHES "gfx9" AND source MATCHES "_xdl")
             message("removing xdl example ${source} ")
             list(REMOVE_ITEM FILE_NAME "${source}")
         endif()
     endforeach()
     #Do not build any WMMA examples if gfx11 targets are not on the list
     foreach(source IN LISTS FILE_NAME)
-        if(NOT GPU_TARGETS MATCHES "gfx11" AND source MATCHES "_wmma")
+        if(NOT EX_TARGETS MATCHES "gfx11" AND source MATCHES "_wmma")
             message("removing wmma example ${source} ")
             list(REMOVE_ITEM FILE_NAME "${source}")
         endif()
     endforeach()
     #only continue if there are some source files left on the list
     if(FILE_NAME)
+        if(FILE_NAME MATCHES "_xdl")
+            list(REMOVE_ITEM EX_TARGETS gfx1030 gfx1100 gfx1101 gfx1102 gfx1103)
+        elseif(FILE_NAME MATCHES "_wmma")
+            list(REMOVE_ITEM EX_TARGETS gfx908 gfx90a gfx940 gfx941 gfx942 gfx1030)
+        endif()
+        set_source_files_properties(${FILE_NAME} PROPERTIES LANGUAGE HIP)
         add_executable(${EXAMPLE_NAME} ${FILE_NAME})
         target_link_libraries(${EXAMPLE_NAME} PRIVATE utility)
         add_test(NAME ${EXAMPLE_NAME} COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:${EXAMPLE_NAME}> ${ARGN})
+        set_property(TARGET ${EXAMPLE_NAME} PROPERTY HIP_ARCHITECTURES ${EX_TARGETS} )
         add_dependencies(examples ${EXAMPLE_NAME})
         add_dependencies(check ${EXAMPLE_NAME})
         rocm_install(TARGETS ${EXAMPLE_NAME} COMPONENT examples)
@@ -118,6 +132,12 @@ function(add_example_executable_no_testing EXAMPLE_NAME FILE_NAME)
         endif()
     endforeach()
     endif()
+
+    if(INSTANCES_ONLY)
+        set(EX_TARGETS ${DEFAULT_GPU_TARGETS})
+    else()
+        set(EX_TARGETS ${GPU_TARGETS})
+    endif()
     #Do not build any DL examples if DL_KERNELS not set
     foreach(source IN LISTS FILE_NAME)
         if(NOT DEFINED DL_KERNELS AND source MATCHES "_dl")
@@ -127,23 +147,30 @@ function(add_example_executable_no_testing EXAMPLE_NAME FILE_NAME)
     endforeach()
     #Do not build any XDL examples if gfx9 targets are not on the list
     foreach(source IN LISTS FILE_NAME)
-        if(NOT GPU_TARGETS MATCHES "gfx9" AND source MATCHES "_xdl")
+        if(NOT EX_TARGETS MATCHES "gfx9" AND source MATCHES "_xdl")
             message("removing xdl example ${source} ")
             list(REMOVE_ITEM FILE_NAME "${source}")
         endif()
     endforeach()
     #Do not build any WMMA examples if gfx11 targets are not on the list
     foreach(source IN LISTS FILE_NAME)
-        if(NOT GPU_TARGETS MATCHES "gfx11" AND source MATCHES "_wmma")
+        if(NOT EX_TARGETS MATCHES "gfx11" AND source MATCHES "_wmma")
             message("removing wmma example ${source} ")
             list(REMOVE_ITEM FILE_NAME "${source}")
         endif()
     endforeach()
     #only continue if there are some source files left on the list
     if(FILE_NAME)
+        if(FILE_NAME MATCHES "_xdl")
+            list(REMOVE_ITEM EX_TARGETS gfx900 gfx906 gfx1030 gfx1100 gfx1101 gfx1102 gfx1103)
+        elseif(FILE_NAME MATCHES "_wmma")
+            list(REMOVE_ITEM EX_TARGETS gfx900 gfx906 gfx908 gfx90a gfx940 gfx941 gfx942 gfx1030)
+        endif()
+        set_source_files_properties(${FILE_NAME} PROPERTIES LANGUAGE HIP)
         add_executable(${EXAMPLE_NAME} ${FILE_NAME})
         target_link_libraries(${EXAMPLE_NAME} PRIVATE utility)
         add_dependencies(examples ${EXAMPLE_NAME})
+        set_property(TARGET ${EXAMPLE_NAME} PROPERTY HIP_ARCHITECTURES ${EX_TARGETS} )
         rocm_install(TARGETS ${EXAMPLE_NAME} COMPONENT examples)
         set(result 0)
     endif()

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/CMakeLists.txt

 # generate a list of kernels, but not actually emit files at config stage
 execute_process(
   COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/generate.py
-  --list_blobs ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/blob_list.txt
+  --direction fwd --list_blobs ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/fwd_blob_list.txt
 )
 
-# NOTE: for cmake, the FMHA_FWD_GEN_BLOBS files must be in the same directory
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/generate.py
+  --direction bwd --list_blobs ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bwd_blob_list.txt
+)
+
+# NOTE: for cmake, the FMHA_FWD_GEN_BLOBS/FMHA_BWD_GEN_BLOBS files must be in the same directory
 #       as current cmake list, otherwise will not figure out the dependency properly
-file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/blob_list.txt FMHA_FWD_GEN_BLOBS)
+file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/fwd_blob_list.txt FMHA_FWD_GEN_BLOBS)
+file(STRINGS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bwd_blob_list.txt FMHA_BWD_GEN_BLOBS)
 
 add_custom_command(
   OUTPUT ${FMHA_FWD_GEN_BLOBS}
   COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/generate.py
-  --output_dir ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+  --direction fwd --output_dir ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+)
+
+add_custom_command(
+  OUTPUT ${FMHA_BWD_GEN_BLOBS}
+  COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/generate.py
+  --direction bwd --output_dir ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
 )
 
 set(EXAMPLE_FMHA_FWD "tile_example_fmha_fwd")
@@ -22,6 +34,14 @@ add_executable(${EXAMPLE_FMHA_FWD} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL fmha_fwd.cpp)
 target_include_directories(${EXAMPLE_FMHA_FWD} PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})
 target_sources(${EXAMPLE_FMHA_FWD} PRIVATE ${FMHA_FWD_GEN_BLOBS})
 
+set(EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD "tile_example_fmha_bwd")
+# not using add_example_executable() to add this target, since we don't want this to have
+# to be included in "make all/install/check"
+message("adding example ${EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD}")
+add_executable(${EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL fmha_bwd.cpp)
+target_include_directories(${EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD} PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR})
+target_sources(${EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD} PRIVATE ${FMHA_BWD_GEN_BLOBS})
+
 # NOTE: this is dangerous since will change the whole kernel to flush denormals
 #       WIP with compiler team for an exp2 intrinsic..., then remove this
 if(NOT DEFINED FMHA_FWD_FAST_EXP2)
@@ -29,16 +49,27 @@ if(NOT DEFINED FMHA_FWD_FAST_EXP2)
 endif()
 
 set(EXAMPLE_FMHA_FWD_COMPILE_OPTIONS)
+set(EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD_COMPILE_OPTIONS)
 
 # NOTE: we turn off undefined-func-template to let source compile without explicit declare function specializations
 #       ... because they are auto-generated
 if(FMHA_FWD_FAST_EXP2)
 	list(APPEND EXAMPLE_FMHA_FWD_COMPILE_OPTIONS -Wno-undefined-func-template -DCK_TILE_FMHA_FWD_FAST_EXP2=1 -fgpu-flush-denormals-to-zero)
+  list(APPEND EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD_COMPILE_OPTIONS -Wno-undefined-func-template -DCK_TILE_FMHA_FWD_FAST_EXP2=1 -fgpu-flush-denormals-to-zero)
 else()
 	list(APPEND EXAMPLE_FMHA_FWD_COMPILE_OPTIONS -Wno-undefined-func-template -DCK_TILE_FMHA_FWD_FAST_EXP2=0)
+  list(APPEND EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD_COMPILE_OPTIONS -Wno-undefined-func-template -DCK_TILE_FMHA_FWD_FAST_EXP2=0)
 endif()
 
 # Allow comparing floating points directly in order to check sentinel values
 list(APPEND EXAMPLE_FMHA_FWD_COMPILE_OPTIONS -Wno-float-equal)
+list(APPEND EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD_COMPILE_OPTIONS -Wno-float-equal)
 
 target_compile_options(${EXAMPLE_FMHA_FWD} PRIVATE ${EXAMPLE_FMHA_FWD_COMPILE_OPTIONS})
+target_compile_options(${EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD} PRIVATE ${EXAMPLE_FMHA_BWD_COMPILE_OPTIONS})
+
+# TODO: we have to turn off this global prop, otherwise the progress bar generated
+# by cmake will print too many files, execvp: /bin/sh: Argument list too long
+# however, this property may affect global
+# TODO: consider codegen a makefile by us
+set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY RULE_MESSAGES OFF)

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/README.md

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ args:
                  if not equal to h, then this is GQA/MQA case
           -s    seqlen_q. if group-mode, means the average value of seqlen_q (default:3328)
                  total_seqlen_q = seqlen_q * batch, and seqlen_q per batch may vary
+                 also with "-s=s0,s1,s2..." comma seperated int to set per batch seqlen(group-mode)
         -s_k    seqlen_k, -1 means equal to s (default:-1)
           -d    head dim for q, k (default:128)
         -d_v    head dim for v, -1 means equal to d (default:-1)

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/fmha_bwd.cpp

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) 2018-2024, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+#include "fmha_bwd.hpp"
+#include "ck_tile/host.hpp"
+#include "mask.hpp"
+#include "utils.hpp"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+template <typename T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<T>& v)
+{
+    using size_type = typename std::vector<T>::size_type;
+
+    os << "[";
+    for(size_type idx = 0; idx < v.size(); ++idx)
+    {
+        if(0 < idx)
+        {
+            os << ", ";
+        }
+        os << v[idx];
+    }
+    return os << "]";
+}
+
+auto create_args(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+    ck_tile::ArgParser arg_parser;
+    arg_parser.insert("v", "1", "weather do CPU validation or not")
+        .insert("mode", "0", "kernel mode. 0:batch, 1:group")
+        .insert("b", "2", "batch size")
+        .insert("h", "8", "num of head, for q")
+        .insert("h_k",
+                "-1",
+                "num of head, for k/v, -1 means equal to h\n"
+                "if not equal to h, then this is GQA/MQA case")
+        .insert("s",
+                "3328",
+                "seqlen_q. if group-mode, means the average value of seqlen_q\n"
+                "total_seqlen_q = seqlen_q * batch, and seqlen_q per batch may vary")
+        .insert("s_k", "-1", "seqlen_k, -1 means equal to s")
+        .insert("d", "128", "head dim for q, k")
+        .insert("d_v", "-1", "head dim for v, -1 means equal to d")
+        .insert("scale", "0", "scale factor. 0 means equal to 1/sqrt(hdim)")
+        .insert("iperm",
+                "1",
+                "permute input\n"
+                "if true, will be b*h*s*d, else b*s*h*d")
+        .insert("operm", "1", "permute output")
+        .insert("bias",
+                "n",
+                "n or 0, no bias\n"
+                "e(lementwise) or 1, elementwise bias with 1*1*s*s. e:1, 1*h*s*s. e:2, b*h*s*s\n"
+                "a(libi) or 2, alibi with 1*h. a:1, b*h")
+        .insert("dbias", "0", "output bias gradient or not")
+        .insert("prec", "fp16", "data type. fp16 or bf16")
+        .insert("mask",
+                "0",
+                "0: no mask, 1: top-left(same as 't'), 2:bottom-right(same as 'b')\n"
+                "'t', top-left causal mask, 'b', bottom-r causal mask\n"
+                "'t:l,r', top-left sliding window attn(swa) with FA style left right size\n"
+                "'b:l,r', bottom-r sliding window attn(swa) with FA style left right size\n"
+                "'xt:window_size', xformer style masking from top-left, window_size negative is "
+                "causal, positive is swa\n"
+                "'xb:window_size', xformer style masking from bottom-r, window_size negative is "
+                "causal, positive is swa\n"
+                "'g:y,x', generic attention mask coordinate with y/x size (only debug purpose for "
+                "now)")
+        .insert("kname", "0", "if set to 1 will print kernel name")
+        .insert("init", "1", "init method. 0:random int, 1:random float, 2:trig float")
+        .insert("seed",
+                "11939",
+                "random seed used for initializing input tensors. 0 for "
+                "non-deterministic seed")
+        .insert("p_drop", "0", "0~1 probability of dropout")
+        .insert("drop_seed", "1", "seed for random number generator")
+        .insert("drop_offset", "0", "offset for random number generator")
+        .insert("timer", "gpu", "gpu:gpu timer, cpu:cpu timer")
+        .insert("warmup", "5", "number of iterations before benchmark the kernel")
+        .insert("repeat", "20", "number of iterations to benchmark the kernel");
+
+    bool result = arg_parser.parse(argc, argv);
+    return std::make_tuple(result, arg_parser);
+}
+
+// different threshold for different dtype
+template <typename DataType>
+auto get_elimit(int /*init_method*/)
+{
+    double rtol = 1e-2;
+    double atol = 1e-2;
+    return ck_tile::make_tuple(rtol, atol);
+}
+
+template <typename DataType>
+bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
+{
+    std::string data_type    = arg_parser.get_str("prec");
+    int do_validation        = arg_parser.get_int("v");
+    auto mode                = static_cast<mode_enum>(arg_parser.get_uint32("mode"));
+    ck_tile::index_t batch   = arg_parser.get_int("b");
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead   = arg_parser.get_int("h");
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_k = arg_parser.get_int("h_k");
+    if(nhead_k < 0)
+        nhead_k = nhead;
+
+    if(nhead % nhead_k != 0)
+    {
+        std::cerr << "nhead:" << nhead << " must be multiple of nhead_k:" << nhead_k << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ck_tile::index_t seqlen_q = arg_parser.get_int("s");
+    ck_tile::index_t seqlen_k = arg_parser.get_int("s_k");
+    if(seqlen_k < 0)
+        seqlen_k = seqlen_q;
+    ck_tile::index_t hdim_q = arg_parser.get_int("d");
+    ck_tile::index_t hdim_v = arg_parser.get_int("d_v");
+    if(hdim_v < 0)
+        hdim_v = hdim_q;
+    if(hdim_q % 2 != 0 || hdim_v % 2 != 0)
+    {
+        std::cerr << "FMHA Bwd kernel currently only supports even headdim" << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool i_perm = arg_parser.get_bool("iperm"); // if true, will be batch * nhead * seqlen * hdim
+    bool o_perm = arg_parser.get_bool("operm"); // if false, will be batch * seqlen * nhead * hdim
+
+    float scale = arg_parser.get_float("scale");
+    if(scale == .0f)
+        scale = 1.0 / ck_tile::sqrt(static_cast<float>(hdim_q));
+
+    bias_info bias       = bias_info::decode(arg_parser.get_str("bias"));
+    bool use_dbias       = arg_parser.get_bool("dbias");
+    float p_drop         = arg_parser.get_float("p_drop");
+    uint64_t drop_seed   = arg_parser.get_uint64("drop_seed");
+    uint64_t drop_offset = arg_parser.get_uint64("drop_offset");
+    if(use_dbias && bias.type != bias_enum::elementwise_bias)
+    {
+        std::cerr << "dbias only exists when bias type is elementwise" << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if(p_drop < 0.0f || p_drop > 1.0f)
+    {
+        std::cerr << "The value of p_drop should be 0~1" << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+    float p_undrop = 1.0 - p_drop;
+    uint8_t p_undrop_in_uint8_t =
+        uint8_t(std::floor(p_undrop * std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()));
+    float rp_undrop = 1.0 / p_undrop;
+
+    bool s_randval = false;
+    if(p_drop > 0.0f && do_validation)
+    {
+        s_randval = true;
+    }
+
+    mask_info mask = mask_info::decode(arg_parser.get_str("mask"), seqlen_q, seqlen_k);
+
+    int init_method              = arg_parser.get_int("init");
+    std::optional<uint32_t> seed = arg_parser.get_uint32("seed");
+    if(*seed == 0)
+    {
+        seed.reset();
+    }
+
+    int stream_warmup = arg_parser.get_int("warmup");
+    int stream_repeat = arg_parser.get_int("repeat");
+    bool kname        = arg_parser.get_bool("kname");
+
+    ck_tile::stream_config stream_config{nullptr,
+                                         true,
+                                         /* log_level = */ (kname ? 1 : 0),
+                                         stream_warmup,
+                                         stream_repeat,
+                                         arg_parser.get_str("timer") == std::string("gpu")};
+
+    const auto seqstart_q_host = generate_seqstarts(mode, batch, seqlen_q);
+    const auto seqstart_k_host = generate_seqstarts(mode, batch, seqlen_k);
+
+    using TypeConfig = FmhaBwdTypeConfig<DataType>;
+
+    using QDataType             = typename TypeConfig::QDataType;
+    using KDataType             = typename TypeConfig::KDataType;
+    using VDataType             = typename TypeConfig::VDataType;
+    using GemmDataType          = typename TypeConfig::GemmDataType;
+    using BiasDataType          = typename TypeConfig::BiasDataType;
+    using LSEDataType           = typename TypeConfig::LSEDataType;
+    using AccDataType           = typename TypeConfig::AccDataType;
+    using DDataType             = typename TypeConfig::DDataType;
+    using RandValOutputDataType = typename TypeConfig::RandValOutputDataType;
+    using ODataType             = typename TypeConfig::ODataType;
+    using OGradDataType         = typename TypeConfig::OGradDataType;
+    using QGradDataType         = typename TypeConfig::QGradDataType;
+    using KGradDataType         = typename TypeConfig::KGradDataType;
+    using VGradDataType         = typename TypeConfig::VGradDataType;
+    using BiasGradDataType      = typename TypeConfig::BiasGradDataType;
+
+    // accumulation numbers for performance evaluation
+    std::size_t flop = 0, num_byte = 0;
+    auto max_seqlen_q =
+        std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min(); // we will use max seqlen to decide grid size
+    auto max_seqlen_k =
+        std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min(); // we will use max seqlen to decide grid size
+    {
+        for(ck_tile::index_t wb = 0; wb < batch; ++wb)
+        {
+            const int32_t real_seqlen_q = seqstart_q_host[wb + 1] - seqstart_q_host[wb];
+            const int32_t real_seqlen_k = seqstart_k_host[wb + 1] - seqstart_k_host[wb];
+
+            if(max_seqlen_q < real_seqlen_q)
+            {
+                max_seqlen_q = real_seqlen_q;
+            }
+
+            if(max_seqlen_k < real_seqlen_k)
+            {
+                max_seqlen_k = real_seqlen_k;
+            }
+
+            flop += nhead * (static_cast<std::size_t>(3) * static_cast<std::size_t>(2) *
+                                 real_seqlen_q * real_seqlen_k * hdim_q + // Q@K/dS^T@Q^T/dS@K^T
+                             static_cast<std::size_t>(2) * static_cast<std::size_t>(2) *
+                                 real_seqlen_q * real_seqlen_k * hdim_v); // dO@V/P^T@dO^T
+
+            num_byte += nhead * (sizeof(QDataType) * real_seqlen_q * hdim_q +
+                                 sizeof(KDataType) * real_seqlen_k * hdim_q +
+                                 sizeof(VDataType) * real_seqlen_k * hdim_v +
+                                 sizeof(ODataType) * real_seqlen_q * hdim_v +
+                                 sizeof(OGradDataType) * real_seqlen_q * hdim_v +
+                                 sizeof(QGradDataType) * real_seqlen_q * hdim_q +
+                                 sizeof(KGradDataType) * real_seqlen_k * hdim_q +
+                                 sizeof(VGradDataType) * real_seqlen_k * hdim_v +
+                                 sizeof(LSEDataType) * real_seqlen_q);
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto get_lengths = [&](bool permute,
+                           ck_tile::index_t b /*batch*/,
+                           ck_tile::index_t h /*nhead*/,
+                           ck_tile::index_t s /*seqlen*/,
+                           ck_tile::index_t d /*hdim*/) {
+        if(permute)
+            return std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 4>{b, h, s, d};
+        else
+            return std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 4>{b, s, h, d};
+    };
+
+    // host memory for storing all the tensor elements
+    const ck_tile::index_t shape_batch = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? batch : 1);
+    const ck_tile::index_t shape_seqlen_q =
+        (mode == mode_enum::batch ? seqlen_q : seqstart_q_host.back());
+    const ck_tile::index_t shape_seqlen_k =
+        (mode == mode_enum::batch ? seqlen_k : seqstart_k_host.back());
+
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<QDataType> q_host(
+        get_lengths(i_perm, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q, hdim_q));
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<KDataType> k_host(
+        get_lengths(i_perm, shape_batch, nhead_k, shape_seqlen_k, hdim_q));
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<VDataType> v_host(
+        get_lengths(i_perm, shape_batch, nhead_k, shape_seqlen_k, hdim_v));
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<BiasDataType> bias_host(
+        bias.type == bias_enum::elementwise_bias
+            ? get_lengths(i_perm, 1, 1, shape_seqlen_q, max_seqlen_k)
+            : std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 4>{1, 1, 1, 1} /* dummy shape for simplifying code */);
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<AccDataType> alibi_slope_host(
+        bias.type == bias_enum::alibi
+            ? (bias.rank_info == 0 ? std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 2>{1, nhead}
+                                   : std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 2>{batch, nhead})
+            : std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 2>{1, 1});
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<ODataType> o_host(
+        get_lengths(o_perm, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q, hdim_v));
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<LSEDataType> lse_host(
+        std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 3>{batch, nhead, max_seqlen_q});
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<DDataType> d_host(
+        std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 3>{batch, nhead, max_seqlen_q});
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<RandValOutputDataType> randval_host(
+        p_drop > 0 ? get_lengths(true, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q, max_seqlen_k)
+                   : std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 4>{1, 1, 1, 1});
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<QGradDataType> dq_host(
+        get_lengths(i_perm, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q, hdim_q));
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<KGradDataType> dk_host(
+        get_lengths(i_perm, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_k, hdim_q));
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<VGradDataType> dv_host(
+        get_lengths(i_perm, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_k, hdim_v));
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<OGradDataType> do_host(
+        get_lengths(o_perm, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q, hdim_v));
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<BiasGradDataType> dbias_host(
+        use_dbias
+            ? get_lengths(i_perm, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q, max_seqlen_k)
+            : std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 4>{1, 1, 1, 1} /* dummy shape for simplifying code */);
+
+    if(init_method == 0)
+    {
+        ck_tile::FillUniformDistributionIntegerValue<QDataType>{-2.f, 2.f, seed}(q_host);
+        ck_tile::FillUniformDistributionIntegerValue<KDataType>{-2.f, 2.f, seed}(k_host);
+        ck_tile::FillUniformDistributionIntegerValue<VDataType>{-2.f, 2.f, seed}(v_host);
+        ck_tile::FillUniformDistributionIntegerValue<BiasDataType>{-2.f, 2.f, seed}(bias_host);
+        ck_tile::FillUniformDistributionIntegerValue<OGradDataType>{-2.f, 2.f, seed}(do_host);
+    }
+    else if(init_method == 1)
+    {
+        ck_tile::FillUniformDistribution<QDataType>{0.f, 1.f, seed}(q_host);
+        ck_tile::FillUniformDistribution<KDataType>{0.f, 1.f, seed}(k_host);
+        ck_tile::FillUniformDistribution<VDataType>{0.f, 1.f, seed}(v_host);
+        ck_tile::FillUniformDistribution<BiasDataType>{0.f, 1.f, seed}(bias_host);
+        ck_tile::FillUniformDistribution<OGradDataType>{0.f, 1.f, seed}(do_host);
+    }
+    else if(init_method == 2)
+    {
+        ck_tile::FillTrigValue<QDataType>{}(q_host);
+        ck_tile::FillTrigValue<KDataType>{}(k_host);
+        ck_tile::FillTrigValue<VDataType>{}(v_host);
+        ck_tile::FillTrigValue<BiasDataType>{}(bias_host);
+        ck_tile::FillTrigValue<OGradDataType>{}(do_host);
+    }
+    if(bias.type == bias_enum::alibi)
+    {
+        auto slopes = ck_tile::get_alibi_slopes<AccDataType>(nhead);
+        assert(slopes.size() == nhead);
+        if(bias.rank_info == 0)
+        {
+            // alibi in 1*h
+            std::copy(slopes.begin(), slopes.end(), alibi_slope_host.begin());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // alibi in b*h
+            for(auto i_b = 0; i_b < batch; i_b++)
+            {
+                std::copy(slopes.begin(), slopes.end(), alibi_slope_host.begin() + i_b * nhead);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem q_buf(q_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem k_buf(k_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem v_buf(v_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem bias_buf(bias_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem o_buf(o_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem lse_buf(lse_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem d_buf(d_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem randval_buf(randval_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem dq_buf(dq_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem dk_buf(dk_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem dv_buf(dv_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem do_buf(do_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem dbias_buf(dbias_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem seqstart_q(seqstart_q_host.size() * sizeof(int32_t));
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem seqstart_k(seqstart_k_host.size() * sizeof(int32_t));
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem alibi_slope_buf(alibi_slope_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
+
+    q_buf.ToDevice(q_host.data());
+    k_buf.ToDevice(k_host.data());
+    v_buf.ToDevice(v_host.data());
+    bias_buf.ToDevice(bias_host.data());
+    do_buf.ToDevice(do_host.data());
+    seqstart_q.ToDevice(seqstart_q_host.data());
+    seqstart_k.ToDevice(seqstart_k_host.data());
+    alibi_slope_buf.ToDevice(alibi_slope_host.data());
+
+    // clang-format off
+    auto layout_str = [&](bool permute){
+        if (permute) return std::string("bhsd");
+        else return std::string("bshd");
+    };
+    auto io_layout = [&](bool iperm_, bool operm_) {
+        if (iperm_ == operm_) return layout_str(iperm_);
+        else return layout_str(iperm_) + std::string("-") + layout_str(operm_);
+    };
+    // clang-format on
+    const std::string prec = arg_parser.get_str("prec");
+
+    std::cout << "[" << prec << "|" << mode << "|" << io_layout(i_perm, o_perm) << "] b:" << batch
+              << ", h:" << nhead << "/" << nhead_k << ", s:" << seqlen_q << "/" << seqlen_k
+              << ", d:" << hdim_q << "/" << hdim_v << ", scale:" << scale << ", bias:" << bias
+              << ", dbias:" << use_dbias << ", p_drop:" << p_drop << ", mask:" << mask
+              << std::flush;
+
+    auto fmha_traits = fmha_bwd_traits{hdim_q,
+                                       hdim_v,
+                                       data_type,
+                                       mode == mode_enum::group,
+                                       mask.type,
+                                       bias.type,
+                                       use_dbias,
+                                       p_drop > 0.0f};
+    auto fmha_args   = [&]() {
+        assert(nhead % nhead_k == 0);
+        /// NOTE: we broadcast bias from [1, 1, seqlen_q, seqlen_k] to [batch, nhead, seqlen_q,
+        ///       seqlen_k] in this example, hence both the 'batch_stride_bias' &
+        ///       'nhead_stride_bias' are 0.
+        // setup stride_* arguments
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_q       = (i_perm ? hdim_q : nhead * hdim_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_k       = (i_perm ? hdim_q : nhead_k * hdim_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_v       = (i_perm ? hdim_v : nhead_k * hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_bias    = (max_seqlen_k);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_o       = (o_perm ? hdim_v : nhead * hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_randval = (max_seqlen_k);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_do      = (o_perm ? hdim_v : nhead * hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_dk      = (i_perm ? hdim_q : nhead * hdim_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_dv      = (i_perm ? hdim_v : nhead * hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_dbias   = (i_perm ? max_seqlen_k : nhead * max_seqlen_k);
+        // setup nhead_stride_* arguments
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_q       = (i_perm ? shape_seqlen_q * hdim_q : hdim_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_k       = (i_perm ? shape_seqlen_k * hdim_q : hdim_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_v       = (i_perm ? shape_seqlen_k * hdim_v : hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_bias    = 0;
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_o       = (o_perm ? shape_seqlen_q * hdim_v : hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_randval = (shape_seqlen_q * max_seqlen_k);
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_do      = (o_perm ? shape_seqlen_q * hdim_v : hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_lsed    = max_seqlen_q;
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_dbias =
+            (i_perm ? shape_seqlen_q * max_seqlen_k : max_seqlen_k);
+        // setup batch_stride_* arguments
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_q       = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * hdim_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_k       = (nhead_k * shape_seqlen_k * hdim_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_v       = (nhead_k * shape_seqlen_k * hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_bias    = 0;
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_o       = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_randval = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * max_seqlen_k);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_do      = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_lsed    = (nhead * max_seqlen_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_dk      = (nhead * shape_seqlen_k * hdim_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_dv      = (nhead * shape_seqlen_k * hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_dbias   = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * max_seqlen_k);
+
+        return fmha_bwd_args{q_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             k_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             v_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             bias.type == bias_enum::alibi ? alibi_slope_buf.GetDeviceBuffer()
+                                                             : bias_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             o_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             lse_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             do_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             d_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             randval_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             dq_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             dk_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             dv_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             dbias_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             seqstart_q.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             seqstart_k.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             nullptr,
+                             shape_seqlen_q,
+                             shape_seqlen_k,
+                             batch,
+                             max_seqlen_q,
+                             max_seqlen_k,
+                             hdim_q,
+                             hdim_v,
+                             nhead,
+                             nhead_k,
+                             scale,
+                             stride_q,
+                             stride_k,
+                             stride_v,
+                             bias.type == bias_enum::alibi ? (bias.rank_info == 0 ? 0 : nhead)
+                                                             : stride_bias,
+                             stride_o,
+                             stride_randval,
+                             stride_do,
+                             stride_dk,
+                             stride_dv,
+                             stride_dbias,
+                             nhead_stride_q,
+                             nhead_stride_k,
+                             nhead_stride_v,
+                             nhead_stride_bias,
+                             nhead_stride_o,
+                             nhead_stride_randval,
+                             nhead_stride_do,
+                             nhead_stride_lsed,
+                             nhead_stride_dbias,
+                             batch_stride_q,
+                             batch_stride_k,
+                             batch_stride_v,
+                             batch_stride_bias,
+                             batch_stride_o,
+                             batch_stride_randval,
+                             batch_stride_do,
+                             batch_stride_lsed,
+                             batch_stride_dk,
+                             batch_stride_dv,
+                             batch_stride_dbias,
+                             mask.left,
+                             mask.right,
+                             static_cast<ck_tile::index_t>(mask.type),
+                             p_drop,
+                             p_undrop,
+                             s_randval,
+                             {drop_seed, drop_offset}};
+    }();
+
+    float ave_time = fmha_bwd(fmha_traits, fmha_args, stream_config);
+    if(ave_time < 0)
+    {
+        std::cout << ", not supported yet" << std::flush << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    float tflops = static_cast<float>(flop) / 1.E9 / ave_time;
+
+    float gb_per_sec = num_byte / 1.E6 / ave_time;
+
+    std::cout << std::fixed << ", " << std::setprecision(3) << ave_time << " ms, "
+              << std::setprecision(2) << tflops << " TFlops, " << std::setprecision(2) << gb_per_sec
+              << " GB/s" << std::flush;
+
+    if(!do_validation)
+    {
+        std::cout << std::flush << std::endl;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool pass = true;
+
+    std::vector<ck_tile::HostTensor<QDataType>> q_host_refs;
+    std::vector<ck_tile::HostTensor<KDataType>> k_host_refs;
+    std::vector<ck_tile::HostTensor<VDataType>> v_host_refs;
+    std::vector<ck_tile::HostTensor<ODataType>> o_host_refs;
+    std::vector<ck_tile::HostTensor<RandValOutputDataType>> randval_host_refs;
+    std::vector<ck_tile::HostTensor<AccDataType>> p_hp_host_refs;
+    std::vector<ck_tile::HostTensor<GemmDataType>> p_lp_host_refs;
+
+    randval_buf.FromDevice(randval_host.data());
+
+    for(ck_tile::index_t wb = 0; wb < batch; ++wb)
+    {
+        const ck_tile::index_t real_seqlen_q = seqstart_q_host[wb + 1] - seqstart_q_host[wb];
+        const ck_tile::index_t real_seqlen_k = seqstart_k_host[wb + 1] - seqstart_k_host[wb];
+
+        // adjust matrix index according to the mode
+        const ck_tile::index_t b            = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? wb : 0);
+        const ck_tile::index_t query_offset = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? 0 : seqstart_q_host[wb]);
+        const ck_tile::index_t key_offset   = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? 0 : seqstart_k_host[wb]);
+
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<QDataType> q_host_ref({nhead, real_seqlen_q, hdim_q}); // q_g_m_k
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<KDataType> k_host_ref({nhead, real_seqlen_k, hdim_q}); // k_g_n_k
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<VDataType> v_host_ref({nhead, hdim_v, real_seqlen_k}); // v_g_o_n
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<ODataType> o_host_ref({nhead, real_seqlen_q, hdim_v}); // o_g_m_o
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<LSEDataType> lse_host_ref({nhead, real_seqlen_q});     // lse_g_m
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<RandValOutputDataType> randval_host_ref(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k}); // randval_g_m_n
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<AccDataType> s_host_ref(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k}); // s_g_m_n
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<AccDataType> p_hp_host_ref(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k}); // p_hp_g_m_n high precision
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<AccDataType> p_dropped_hp_host_ref(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k}); // p_dropped_hp_g_m_n high precision
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<GemmDataType> p_lp_host_ref(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k}); // p_lp_g_m_n low precision
+
+        ck_tile::index_t nr = nhead / nhead_k;
+
+        // clang-format off
+        // permute
+        if(i_perm) q_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto i) { self(i) = q_host(b, i[0], i[1] + query_offset, i[2]); });
+        else       q_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto i) { self(i) = q_host(b, i[1] + query_offset, i[0], i[2]); });
+
+        if(i_perm) k_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto i) { self(i) = k_host(b, i[0] / nr, i[1] + key_offset, i[2]); });
+        else       k_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto i) { self(i) = k_host(b, i[1] + key_offset, i[0] / nr, i[2]); });
+
+        // v_host_ref: [nhead, hdim, seq], v_host: [b, h_k, s, d]
+        if(i_perm) v_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto i) { self(i) = v_host(b, i[0] / nr, i[2] + key_offset, i[1]); });
+        // v_host_ref: [nhead, hdim, seq], v_host: [b, s, h_k, d]
+        else       v_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto i) { self(i) = v_host(b, i[2] + key_offset, i[0] / nr, i[1]); });
+        // clang-format on
+
+        // reference
+        // S = scale * Q * K^T
+        ck_tile::reference_batched_gemm<QDataType, KDataType, AccDataType, AccDataType>(
+            q_host_ref,
+            k_host_ref,
+            s_host_ref,
+            ck_tile::identity{},
+            ck_tile::identity{},
+            ck_tile::scales(scale)); // s_g_m_n = scale * q_g_m_k@k_g_n_k
+
+        if(bias.type == bias_enum::elementwise_bias)
+        {
+            // elementwise bias
+            ck_tile::HostTensor<BiasDataType> bias_host_ref({1, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k});
+            // clang-format off
+            if(i_perm)
+                bias_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto i) { self(i) = bias_host(0, 0, i[1] + query_offset, i[2]); });
+            else
+                bias_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto i) { self(i) = bias_host(0, i[1] + query_offset, 0, i[2]); });
+            // clang-format on
+
+            // broadcast from [1, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k] to [nhead, real_seqlen_q,
+            // real_seqlen_k]
+            ck_tile::
+                reference_batched_elementwise<AccDataType, BiasDataType, AccDataType, AccDataType>(
+                    s_host_ref, bias_host_ref, s_host_ref);
+        }
+        else if(bias.type == bias_enum::alibi)
+        {
+            // alibi construct elementwise bias to verify
+            auto alibi_host = [&]() {
+                if(mask.type != mask_enum::no_mask)
+                {
+                    return ck_tile::make_alibi_from_lr_mask<AccDataType, false>(
+                        0,
+                        mask.left,
+                        mask.right,
+                        real_seqlen_q,
+                        real_seqlen_k,
+                        static_cast<ck_tile::GenericAttentionMaskEnum>(mask.type));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return ck_tile::Alibi<AccDataType, false>{
+                        0, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k, ck_tile::AlibiMode::FROM_BOTTOM_RIGHT};
+                }
+            }();
+
+            ck_tile::HostTensor<AccDataType> alibi_bias_host_ref(
+                {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k});
+            auto i_b_slope = bias.rank_info == 0 ? 0 : wb;
+            for(auto i_h = 0; i_h < nhead; i_h++)
+            {
+                AccDataType current_slope = alibi_slope_host(i_b_slope, i_h);
+                alibi_host.slope = alibi_host.mode == ck_tile::AlibiMode::VERTICAL ? current_slope
+                                                                                   : -current_slope;
+                for(auto i_r = 0; i_r < real_seqlen_q; i_r++)
+                {
+                    for(auto i_c = 0; i_c < real_seqlen_k; i_c++)
+                    {
+                        AccDataType pixel = 0;
+                        alibi_host.update(pixel, i_r, i_c);
+                        alibi_bias_host_ref(i_h, i_r, i_c) = pixel;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // [nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k]
+            ck_tile::
+                reference_batched_elementwise<AccDataType, AccDataType, AccDataType, AccDataType>(
+                    s_host_ref, alibi_bias_host_ref, s_host_ref);
+        }
+
+        if(mask.type == mask_enum::no_mask)
+        {
+            ck_tile::reference_batched_masking<AccDataType>(
+                s_host_ref, FmhaMasks::NoMask{real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k});
+        }
+        else if(mask.type == mask_enum::window_generic)
+        {
+            ck_tile::reference_batched_masking<AccDataType>(
+                s_host_ref,
+                ck_tile::make_generic_attention_mask_from_lr_window<FmhaMasks::GenericMask>(
+                    mask.left, mask.right, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // if left window size is negative, means causal
+            // else means generic (for current batch)
+            if(mask.left < 0)
+                ck_tile::reference_batched_masking<AccDataType>(
+                    s_host_ref,
+                    ck_tile::make_generic_attention_mask_from_lr_window<FmhaMasks::CausalMask>(
+                        mask.left,
+                        mask.right,
+                        real_seqlen_q,
+                        real_seqlen_k,
+                        mask.type == mask_enum::mask_top_left));
+            else
+                ck_tile::reference_batched_masking<AccDataType>(
+                    s_host_ref,
+                    ck_tile::make_generic_attention_mask_from_lr_window<FmhaMasks::GenericMask>(
+                        mask.left,
+                        mask.right,
+                        real_seqlen_q,
+                        real_seqlen_k,
+                        mask.type == mask_enum::mask_top_left));
+        }
+        ck_tile::reference_batched_softmax<AccDataType, LSEDataType, AccDataType>(
+            s_host_ref, p_hp_host_ref, ck_tile::identity{}, lse_host_ref);
+
+        if(p_drop > 0)
+        {
+            p_hp_host_ref.ForEach(
+                [&](auto& self, auto idx) { p_dropped_hp_host_ref(idx) = self(idx); });
+            randval_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {
+                self(idx) = randval_host(b, idx[0], idx[1] + query_offset, idx[2]);
+            });
+            ck_tile::reference_batched_dropout(
+                p_dropped_hp_host_ref, randval_host_ref, p_undrop_in_uint8_t, rp_undrop);
+            p_dropped_hp_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {
+                p_lp_host_ref(idx) = ck_tile::type_convert<GemmDataType>(self(idx));
+            });
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            p_hp_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {
+                p_lp_host_ref(idx) = ck_tile::type_convert<GemmDataType>(self(idx));
+            });
+        }
+
+        // O = P * V
+        ck_tile::reference_batched_gemm<GemmDataType, VDataType, AccDataType, ODataType>(
+            p_lp_host_ref, v_host_ref, o_host_ref); // o_g_m_o = p_lp_g_m_n@v_g_o_n
+
+        // clang-format off
+        // permute
+        if(o_perm) o_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) { o_host(b, idx[0], idx[1] + query_offset, idx[2]) = self(idx); });
+        else       o_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) { o_host(b, idx[1] + query_offset, idx[0], idx[2]) = self(idx); });
+
+        lse_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) { lse_host(wb, idx[0], idx[1]) = self(idx); });
+        // clang-format on
+
+        q_host_refs.push_back(q_host_ref);
+        k_host_refs.push_back(k_host_ref);
+        v_host_refs.push_back(v_host_ref);
+        o_host_refs.push_back(o_host_ref);
+        p_hp_host_refs.push_back(p_hp_host_ref);
+        p_lp_host_refs.push_back(p_lp_host_ref);
+        if(p_drop > 0)
+        {
+            randval_host_refs.push_back(randval_host_ref);
+        }
+    }
+
+    o_buf.ToDevice(o_host.data());
+    lse_buf.ToDevice(lse_host.data());
+    dq_buf.SetZero();
+    dbias_buf.SetZero();
+
+    ck_tile::stream_config stream_config_v{
+        nullptr, true, 0, 0, 1, arg_parser.get_str("timer") == std::string("gpu")};
+    fmha_bwd(fmha_traits, fmha_args, stream_config_v);
+
+    dq_buf.FromDevice(dq_host.data());
+    dk_buf.FromDevice(dk_host.data());
+    dv_buf.FromDevice(dv_host.data());
+    dbias_buf.FromDevice(dbias_host.data());
+
+    for(ck_tile::index_t wb = 0; wb < batch; ++wb)
+    {
+        const ck_tile::index_t real_seqlen_q = seqstart_q_host[wb + 1] - seqstart_q_host[wb];
+        const ck_tile::index_t real_seqlen_k = seqstart_k_host[wb + 1] - seqstart_k_host[wb];
+
+        // adjust matrix index according to the mode
+        const ck_tile::index_t b            = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? wb : 0);
+        const ck_tile::index_t query_offset = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? 0 : seqstart_q_host[wb]);
+        const ck_tile::index_t key_offset   = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? 0 : seqstart_k_host[wb]);
+
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<OGradDataType> do_host_ref({nhead, real_seqlen_q, hdim_v}); // do_g_m_o
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<AccDataType> ds_hp_host_ref(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k}); // ds_g_m_n high precision
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<GemmDataType> ds_lp_host_ref(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k}); // ds_g_m_n low precision
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<AccDataType> dp_hp_host_ref(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k}); // dp_g_m_n high precision
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<BiasGradDataType> dbias_host_ref(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k}); // dbias_g_m_n
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<QGradDataType> dq_host_ref({nhead, real_seqlen_q, hdim_q}); // dq_g_m_k
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<KGradDataType> dk_host_ref({nhead, real_seqlen_k, hdim_q}); // dk_g_n_k
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<VGradDataType> dv_host_ref({nhead, real_seqlen_k, hdim_v}); // dv_g_n_o
+
+        // clang-format off
+        if(o_perm) do_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto i) { self(i) = do_host(b, i[0], i[1] + query_offset, i[2]); });
+        else       do_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto i) { self(i) = do_host(b, i[1] + query_offset, i[0], i[2]); });
+        // clang-format on
+
+        // dP = dO@V x Z w/  dropout
+        // dP = dO@V     w/o dropout
+        auto v_t_host_ref = v_host_refs[wb].transpose({0, 2, 1}); // v_g_o_n -> v_g_n_o
+        ck_tile::reference_batched_gemm<OGradDataType, VDataType, AccDataType, AccDataType>(
+            do_host_ref, v_t_host_ref, dp_hp_host_ref); // dp_g_m_n = do_g_m_o@v_g_n_o
+
+        if(p_drop > 0)
+        {
+            ck_tile::reference_batched_dropout(
+                dp_hp_host_ref, randval_host_refs[wb], p_undrop_in_uint8_t, rp_undrop);
+        }
+
+        // dS_i_j = P_i_j .* (dP_i_j - dO_i dot O_i)
+        ds_hp_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx_gmn) {
+            AccDataType do_dot_o = 0;
+            for(int o = 0; o < hdim_v; o++)
+            {
+                auto idx_gmo = idx_gmn;
+                idx_gmo[2]   = o;
+                do_dot_o += ck_tile::type_convert<AccDataType>(do_host_ref(idx_gmo)) *
+                            ck_tile::type_convert<AccDataType>(o_host_refs[wb](idx_gmo));
+            }
+            self(idx_gmn) = ck_tile::type_convert<AccDataType>(
+                p_hp_host_refs[wb](idx_gmn) * (dp_hp_host_ref(idx_gmn) - do_dot_o));
+        });
+
+        if(use_dbias)
+        {
+            ds_hp_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {
+                dbias_host_ref(idx) = ck_tile::type_convert<BiasGradDataType>(self(idx));
+            });
+        }
+
+        ds_hp_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {
+            ds_lp_host_ref(idx) = ck_tile::type_convert<GemmDataType>(self(idx));
+        });
+
+        // dV = P_drop^T@dO^T
+        // dV = P^T@dO^T w/o dropout
+        auto p_t_lp_host_ref = p_lp_host_refs[wb].transpose({0, 2, 1}); // p_lp_g_m_n -> p_lp_g_n_m
+        auto do_t_host_ref   = do_host_ref.transpose({0, 2, 1});        // do_g_m_o -> do_g_o_m
+        ck_tile::reference_batched_gemm<GemmDataType, OGradDataType, AccDataType, VGradDataType>(
+            p_t_lp_host_ref, do_t_host_ref, dv_host_ref); // dv_g_n_o = p_lp_g_n_m@do_g_o_m
+
+        // dQ = scale * dS@K^T
+        auto k_t_host_ref = k_host_refs[wb].transpose({0, 2, 1}); // k_g_n_k -> k_g_k_n
+        ck_tile::reference_batched_gemm<GemmDataType, KDataType, AccDataType, QGradDataType>(
+            ds_lp_host_ref,
+            k_t_host_ref,
+            dq_host_ref,
+            ck_tile::identity{},
+            ck_tile::identity{},
+            ck_tile::scales(scale)); // dq_g_m_k = ds_g_m_n@k_g_k_n
+
+        // dK = scale * dS^T@Q^T
+        auto ds_t_lp_host_ref = ds_lp_host_ref.transpose({0, 2, 1});  // ds_g_m_n -> ds_g_n_m
+        auto q_t_host_ref     = q_host_refs[wb].transpose({0, 2, 1}); // q_g_m_k -> q_g_k_m
+        ck_tile::reference_batched_gemm<GemmDataType, QDataType, AccDataType, KGradDataType>(
+            ds_t_lp_host_ref,
+            q_t_host_ref,
+            dk_host_ref,
+            ck_tile::identity{},
+            ck_tile::identity{},
+            ck_tile::scales(scale)); // dk_g_n_k = ds_g_n_m@q_g_k_m
+
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<QGradDataType> dq_host_result(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, hdim_q}); // dq_g_m_k
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<KGradDataType> dk_host_result(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_k, hdim_q}); // dk_g_n_k
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<VGradDataType> dv_host_result(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_k, hdim_v}); // dv_g_n_o
+        ck_tile::HostTensor<BiasGradDataType> dbias_host_result(
+            {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k}); // dbias_g_m_n
+
+        // clang-format off
+        // permute
+        if(i_perm) dq_host_result.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {self(idx) = dq_host(b, idx[0], idx[1] + query_offset, idx[2]); });
+        else       dq_host_result.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {self(idx) = dq_host(b, idx[1] + query_offset, idx[0], idx[2]); });
+
+        if(i_perm) dk_host_result.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {self(idx) = dk_host(b, idx[0], idx[1] + key_offset, idx[2]); });
+        else       dk_host_result.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {self(idx) = dk_host(b, idx[1] + key_offset, idx[0], idx[2]); });
+
+        if(i_perm) dv_host_result.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {self(idx) = dv_host(b, idx[0], idx[1] + key_offset, idx[2]); });
+        else       dv_host_result.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {self(idx) = dv_host(b, idx[1] + key_offset, idx[0], idx[2]); });
+
+        if(use_dbias)
+        {
+            if(i_perm) dbias_host_result.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {self(idx) = dbias_host(b, idx[0], idx[1] + query_offset, idx[2]); });
+            else       dbias_host_result.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {self(idx) = dbias_host(b, idx[1] + query_offset, idx[0], idx[2]); });
+        }
+        // clang-format on
+
+        auto [rtol, atol] = get_elimit<DataType>(init_method);
+        bool dq_cur_pass  = ck_tile::check_err(dq_host_result,
+                                              dq_host_ref,
+                                              std::string("Error: QGrad Incorrect results!"),
+                                              rtol,
+                                              atol);
+        bool dk_cur_pass  = ck_tile::check_err(dk_host_result,
+                                              dk_host_ref,
+                                              std::string("Error: KGrad Incorrect results!"),
+                                              rtol,
+                                              atol);
+        bool dv_cur_pass  = ck_tile::check_err(dv_host_result,
+                                              dv_host_ref,
+                                              std::string("Error: VGrad Incorrect results!"),
+                                              rtol,
+                                              atol);
+
+        bool dbias_cur_pass = true;
+        if(use_dbias)
+        {
+            dbias_cur_pass = ck_tile::check_err(dbias_host_result,
+                                                dbias_host_ref,
+                                                std::string("Error: BiasGrad Incorrect results!"),
+                                                rtol,
+                                                atol);
+        }
+        pass &= (dq_cur_pass & dk_cur_pass & dv_cur_pass & dbias_cur_pass);
+        if(!(dq_cur_pass & dk_cur_pass & dv_cur_pass & dbias_cur_pass))
+        {
+            std::cerr << "mismatch found at batch: " << wb << std::endl
+                      << "\tseqlen_q: " << real_seqlen_q << std::endl
+                      << "\tseqlen_k: " << real_seqlen_k << std::endl
+                      << "\tseqstart_q: " << seqstart_q_host << std::endl
+                      << "\tseqstart_k: " << seqstart_k_host << std::endl;
+
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::cout << ", valid:" << (pass ? "y" : "n") << std::flush << std::endl;
+
+    return pass;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+    auto [result, arg_parser] = create_args(argc, argv);
+    if(!result)
+        return -1;
+
+    const std::string data_type = arg_parser.get_str("prec");
+    if(data_type == "fp16")
+    {
+        return run<ck_tile::half_t>(arg_parser) ? 0 : -2;
+    }
+    else if(data_type == "bf16")
+    {
+        return run<ck_tile::bf16_t>(arg_parser) ? 0 : -2;
+    }
+
+    return -3;
+}

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/fmha_bwd.hpp

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) 2018-2024, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ck_tile/core.hpp"
+#include "ck_tile/host/kernel_launch.hpp"
+#include "ck_tile/ops/fmha.hpp"
+#include "ck_tile/ops/epilogue.hpp"
+#include "mask.hpp"
+#include "bias.hpp"
+#include <type_traits>
+
+template <typename DataType>
+struct FmhaBwdTypeConfig;
+
+template <>
+struct FmhaBwdTypeConfig<ck_tile::half_t>
+{
+    using QDataType             = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using KDataType             = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using VDataType             = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using GemmDataType          = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using BiasDataType          = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using LSEDataType           = float;
+    using AccDataType           = float; // data type for gemm accumulation
+    using DDataType             = float;
+    using RandValOutputDataType = uint8_t;
+    using ODataType             = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using OGradDataType         = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using QGradDataType         = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using KGradDataType         = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using VGradDataType         = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using BiasGradDataType      = ck_tile::half_t;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct FmhaBwdTypeConfig<ck_tile::bf16_t>
+{
+    using QDataType             = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using KDataType             = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using VDataType             = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using GemmDataType          = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using BiasDataType          = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using LSEDataType           = float;
+    using AccDataType           = float; // data type for gemm accumulation
+    using DDataType             = float;
+    using RandValOutputDataType = uint8_t;
+    using ODataType             = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using OGradDataType         = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using QGradDataType         = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using KGradDataType         = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using VGradDataType         = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using BiasGradDataType      = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+};
+
+struct FmhaMasks
+{
+    using NoMask      = ck_tile::GenericAttentionMask<false>;
+    using GenericMask = ck_tile::GenericAttentionMask<true, true>;
+    using CausalMask  = ck_tile::GenericAttentionMask<true, false>;
+};
+
+// runtime args, some will passed to karg, some will used to compute grids/blocks
+struct fmha_bwd_args
+{
+    const void* q_ptr;
+    const void* k_ptr;
+    const void* v_ptr;
+    const void* bias_ptr; // bias or alibi_slope pointer
+    const void* o_ptr;
+    const void* lse_ptr;
+    const void* do_ptr;
+    void* d_ptr;
+    void* rand_val_ptr;
+    void* dq_ptr;
+    void* dk_ptr;
+    void* dv_ptr;
+    void* dbias_ptr;
+    const void* seqstart_q_ptr;
+    const void* seqstart_k_ptr;
+    const void* seqlen_k_ptr;
+    ck_tile::index_t seqlen_q;
+    ck_tile::index_t seqlen_k;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch;
+    ck_tile::index_t max_seqlen_q;
+    ck_tile::index_t max_seqlen_k;
+    ck_tile::index_t hdim_q;
+    ck_tile::index_t hdim_v;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_q;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_k;
+    float scale;
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_q;
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_k;
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_v;
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_bias; // if alibi, b*h need set this to h, 1*h need set this to 0
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_o;
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_randval;
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_do;
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_dk;
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_dv;
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_dbias;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_q;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_k;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_v;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_bias;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_o;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_randval;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_do;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_lsed;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_dbias;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_q;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_k;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_v;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_bias;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_o;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_randval;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_do;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_lsed;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_dk;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_dv;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_dbias;
+    ck_tile::index_t window_size_left;
+    ck_tile::index_t window_size_right;
+    ck_tile::index_t mask_type;
+    float p_drop;
+    float p_undrop;
+    bool s_randval;
+    std::tuple<uint64_t, uint64_t> drop_seed_offset;
+};
+
+template <typename FmhaBwdDQDKDVKernel>
+auto fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_create_kargs_and_grids(fmha_bwd_args args)
+{
+    assert(args.nhead_q % args.nhead_k == 0);
+    auto kargs = [&] {
+        // create group mode kernel arguments
+        if constexpr(FmhaBwdDQDKDVKernel::kIsGroupMode)
+        {
+            return FmhaBwdDQDKDVKernel::MakeKargs(args.q_ptr,
+                                                  args.k_ptr,
+                                                  args.v_ptr,
+                                                  args.bias_ptr,
+                                                  args.lse_ptr,
+                                                  args.do_ptr,
+                                                  args.d_ptr,
+                                                  args.rand_val_ptr,
+                                                  args.dq_ptr,
+                                                  args.dk_ptr,
+                                                  args.dv_ptr,
+                                                  args.dbias_ptr,
+                                                  args.seqstart_q_ptr,
+                                                  args.seqstart_k_ptr,
+                                                  args.seqlen_k_ptr,
+                                                  args.hdim_q,
+                                                  args.hdim_v,
+                                                  args.nhead_q,
+                                                  args.nhead_q / args.nhead_k,
+                                                  args.scale,
+                                                  args.stride_q,
+                                                  args.stride_k,
+                                                  args.stride_v,
+                                                  args.stride_bias,
+                                                  args.stride_randval,
+                                                  args.stride_do,
+                                                  args.stride_dk,
+                                                  args.stride_dv,
+                                                  args.stride_dbias,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_q,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_k,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_v,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_bias,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_randval,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_do,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_lsed,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_dbias,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_lsed,
+                                                  args.window_size_left,
+                                                  args.window_size_right,
+                                                  args.mask_type,
+                                                  args.p_drop,
+                                                  args.s_randval,
+                                                  args.drop_seed_offset);
+        }
+        else
+        { // create batch mode kernel arguments
+            return FmhaBwdDQDKDVKernel::MakeKargs(args.q_ptr,
+                                                  args.k_ptr,
+                                                  args.v_ptr,
+                                                  args.bias_ptr,
+                                                  args.lse_ptr,
+                                                  args.do_ptr,
+                                                  args.d_ptr,
+                                                  args.rand_val_ptr,
+                                                  args.dq_ptr,
+                                                  args.dk_ptr,
+                                                  args.dv_ptr,
+                                                  args.dbias_ptr,
+                                                  args.seqlen_q,
+                                                  args.seqlen_k,
+                                                  args.hdim_q,
+                                                  args.hdim_v,
+                                                  args.nhead_q,
+                                                  args.nhead_q / args.nhead_k,
+                                                  args.scale,
+                                                  args.stride_q,
+                                                  args.stride_k,
+                                                  args.stride_v,
+                                                  args.stride_bias,
+                                                  args.stride_randval,
+                                                  args.stride_do,
+                                                  args.stride_dk,
+                                                  args.stride_dv,
+                                                  args.stride_dbias,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_q,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_k,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_v,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_bias,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_randval,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_do,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_lsed,
+                                                  args.nhead_stride_dbias,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_q,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_k,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_v,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_bias,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_randval,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_do,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_lsed,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_dk,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_dv,
+                                                  args.batch_stride_dbias,
+                                                  args.window_size_left,
+                                                  args.window_size_right,
+                                                  args.mask_type,
+                                                  args.p_drop,
+                                                  args.s_randval,
+                                                  args.drop_seed_offset);
+        }
+    }();
+
+    dim3 grids = FmhaBwdDQDKDVKernel::GridSize(args.batch, args.nhead_q, args.max_seqlen_k);
+    return ck_tile::make_tuple(kargs, grids);
+}
+
+template <typename FmhaBwdOGradDotOKernel>
+auto fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_create_kargs_and_grids(fmha_bwd_args args)
+{
+    auto kargs = [&] {
+        // create group mode kernel arguments
+        if constexpr(FmhaBwdOGradDotOKernel::kIsGroupMode)
+        {
+            return FmhaBwdOGradDotOKernel::MakeKargs(args.o_ptr,
+                                                     args.do_ptr,
+                                                     args.d_ptr,
+                                                     args.p_undrop,
+                                                     args.seqstart_q_ptr,
+                                                     args.hdim_v,
+                                                     args.stride_do,
+                                                     args.stride_o,
+                                                     args.nhead_stride_do,
+                                                     args.nhead_stride_o,
+                                                     args.nhead_stride_lsed,
+                                                     args.batch_stride_lsed);
+        }
+        else
+        { // create batch mode kernel arguments
+            return FmhaBwdOGradDotOKernel::MakeKargs(args.o_ptr,
+                                                     args.do_ptr,
+                                                     args.d_ptr,
+                                                     args.p_undrop,
+                                                     args.seqlen_q,
+                                                     args.hdim_v,
+                                                     args.stride_do,
+                                                     args.stride_o,
+                                                     args.nhead_stride_do,
+                                                     args.nhead_stride_o,
+                                                     args.nhead_stride_lsed,
+                                                     args.batch_stride_do,
+                                                     args.batch_stride_o,
+                                                     args.batch_stride_lsed);
+        }
+    }();
+
+    dim3 grids = FmhaBwdOGradDotOKernel::GridSize(args.batch, args.nhead_q, args.max_seqlen_q);
+    return ck_tile::make_tuple(kargs, grids);
+}
+
+// this is used to pattern-match internl kernel implementation, not to instantiate kernel
+template <ck_tile::index_t HDim_,
+          typename DataType_,
+          bool kIsGroupMode_,
+          ck_tile::BlockFmhaBwdPipelineEnum FmhaBwdPipelineEnum_,
+          typename FmhaMask_,
+          ck_tile::BlockAttentionBiasEnum BiasEnum_,
+          bool kHasBiasGrad_,
+          bool kHasDropout_,
+          bool kPadS_,
+          bool kPadSK_,
+          bool kPadD_,
+          bool kPadDv_>
+struct fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_traits_
+{
+    static constexpr ck_tile::index_t HDim    = HDim_;
+    using DataType                            = ck_tile::remove_cvref_t<DataType_>;
+    static constexpr bool kIsGroupMode        = kIsGroupMode_;
+    static constexpr auto FmhaBwdPipelineEnum = FmhaBwdPipelineEnum_;
+    using FmhaMask                            = ck_tile::remove_cvref_t<FmhaMask_>;
+    static constexpr auto BiasEnum            = BiasEnum_;
+    static constexpr bool kHasBiasGrad        = kHasBiasGrad_;
+    static constexpr bool kHasDropout         = kHasDropout_;
+    static constexpr bool kPadS               = kPadS_;
+    static constexpr bool kPadSK              = kPadSK_;
+    static constexpr bool kPadD               = kPadD_;
+    static constexpr bool kPadDv              = kPadDv_;
+};
+
+template <typename Traits_>
+float fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_(const ck_tile::stream_config&, fmha_bwd_args);
+
+template <typename Traits_>
+void fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_oneshot_(const ck_tile::stream_config&, fmha_bwd_args);
+
+template <typename Traits_>
+std::string fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_get_name_();
+
+template <ck_tile::index_t HDim_, typename DataType_, bool kIsGroupMode_, bool kPadS_, bool kPadDv_>
+struct fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_traits_
+{
+    static constexpr ck_tile::index_t HDim = HDim_;
+    using DataType                         = ck_tile::remove_cvref_t<DataType_>;
+    static constexpr bool kIsGroupMode     = kIsGroupMode_;
+    static constexpr bool kPadS            = kPadS_;
+    static constexpr bool kPadDv           = kPadDv_;
+};
+
+template <typename Traits_>
+float fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_(const ck_tile::stream_config&, fmha_bwd_args);
+
+template <typename Traits_>
+void fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_oneshot_(const ck_tile::stream_config&, fmha_bwd_args);
+
+template <typename Traits_>
+std::string fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_get_name_();
+
+// This is the public API, will be generated by script
+struct fmha_bwd_traits
+{
+    int hdim_q;
+    int hdim_v;
+    std::string data_type;
+    bool is_group_mode;
+    mask_enum mask_type;
+    bias_enum bias_type; // 0:no bias, 1:elementwise bias, 2:alibi. sync with BlockAttentionBiasEnum
+    bool has_dbias;
+    bool has_dropout;
+    // TODO: padding check is inside this api
+};
+float fmha_bwd(fmha_bwd_traits, fmha_bwd_args, const ck_tile::stream_config&);

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/fmha_fwd.cpp

 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-// Copyright (c) 2018-2023, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright (c) 2018-2024, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
 
 #include "fmha_fwd.hpp"
 #include "ck_tile/host.hpp"
@@ -44,11 +44,18 @@ auto create_args(int argc, char* argv[])
                 "-1",
                 "num of head, for k/v, -1 means equal to h\n"
                 "if not equal to h, then this is GQA/MQA case")
-        .insert("s",
-                "3328",
-                "seqlen_q. if group-mode, means the average value of seqlen_q\n"
-                "total_seqlen_q = seqlen_q * batch, and seqlen_q per batch may vary")
+        .insert(
+            "s",
+            "3328",
+            "seqlen_q. if group-mode, means the average value of seqlen_q\n"
+            "total_seqlen_q = seqlen_q * batch, and seqlen_q per batch may vary\n"
+            "also with \"-s=s0,s1,s2...\" comma seperated int to set per batch seqlen(group-mode)")
         .insert("s_k", "-1", "seqlen_k, -1 means equal to s")
+        .insert("s_kpad",
+                "-1",
+                "seqlen_k stride between 2 tokens, currently used in group-mode only\n"
+                "for kv-cache case, each batch [1,s,h,d]/[1,h,s,d] can have a stride\n"
+                "along seqlen, instead of packed. same as xformer kv_padding")
         .insert("d", "128", "head dim for q, k")
         .insert("d_v", "-1", "head dim for v, -1 means equal to d")
         .insert("scale_s",
@@ -103,6 +110,10 @@ auto create_args(int argc, char* argv[])
                 "11939",
                 "random seed used for initializing input tensors. 0 for "
                 "non-deterministic seed")
+        .insert("p_drop", "0", "0~1 probability of dropout")
+        .insert("drop_seed", "1", "seed for random number generator")
+        .insert("drop_offset", "0", "offset for random number generator")
+        .insert("timer", "gpu", "gpu:gpu timer, cpu:cpu timer")
         .insert("warmup", "5", "number of iterations before benchmark the kernel")
         .insert("repeat", "20", "number of iterations to benchmark the kernel");
 
@@ -120,26 +131,11 @@ auto get_elimit(std::string /*init_method*/)
 }
 
 template <>
-auto get_elimit<ck_tile::bf16_t>(std::string init_method)
+auto get_elimit<ck_tile::bf16_t>(std::string /*init_method*/)
 {
-    if(init_method == "ui" || init_method == "ni")
-    {
-        double rtol = 1e-2;
-        double atol = 1e-2;
-        return ck_tile::make_tuple(rtol, atol);
-    }
-    else if(init_method == "nf")
-    {
-        double rtol = 1e-2;
-        double atol = 1e-2;
-        return ck_tile::make_tuple(rtol, atol);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        double rtol = 3e-3;
-        double atol = 3e-3;
-        return ck_tile::make_tuple(rtol, atol);
-    }
+    double rtol = 1e-2;
+    double atol = 1e-2;
+    return ck_tile::make_tuple(rtol, atol);
 }
 
 template <>
@@ -177,10 +173,20 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
         return false;
     }
 
-    ck_tile::index_t seqlen_q = arg_parser.get_int("s");
-    ck_tile::index_t seqlen_k = arg_parser.get_int("s_k");
-    if(seqlen_k < 0)
-        seqlen_k = seqlen_q;
+    auto [seqlen_qs, seqlen_ks, seqlen_kpads] = decode_seqlen(mode,
+                                                              batch,
+                                                              arg_parser.get_str("s"),
+                                                              arg_parser.get_str("s_k"),
+                                                              arg_parser.get_str("s_kpad"));
+
+#if 0
+    // clang-format off
+    std::cout << "seqlen_qs:"; for(auto xx : seqlen_qs) { std::cout << xx << ","; } std::cout << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "seqlen_ks:"; for(auto xx : seqlen_ks) { std::cout << xx << ","; } std::cout << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "seqlen_kpads:"; for(auto xx : seqlen_kpads) { std::cout << xx << ","; } std::cout << std::endl;
+    // clang-format on
+#endif
+
     ck_tile::index_t hdim_q = arg_parser.get_int("d");
     ck_tile::index_t hdim_v = arg_parser.get_int("d_v");
     if(hdim_v < 0)
@@ -229,7 +235,23 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
     bool lse            = arg_parser.get_bool("lse");
 
     bias_info bias = bias_info::decode(arg_parser.get_str("bias"));
-    mask_info mask = mask_info::decode(arg_parser.get_str("mask"), seqlen_q, seqlen_k);
+    mask_info mask = mask_info::decode(
+        arg_parser.get_str("mask"), seqlen_qs[0], seqlen_ks[0]); // TODO: we don't need x/y anymore
+
+    float p_drop         = arg_parser.get_float("p_drop");
+    uint64_t drop_seed   = arg_parser.get_uint64("drop_seed");
+    uint64_t drop_offset = arg_parser.get_uint64("drop_offset");
+    if(p_drop < 0.0f || p_drop > 1.0f)
+    {
+        std::cerr << "The value of p_drop should be 0~1" << std::endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool s_randval = false;
+    if(p_drop > 0.0f && do_validation)
+    {
+        s_randval = true;
+    }
 
     std::string init_method      = arg_parser.get_str("init");
     std::optional<uint32_t> seed = arg_parser.get_uint32("seed");
@@ -242,29 +264,36 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
     int stream_repeat = arg_parser.get_int("repeat");
     bool kname        = arg_parser.get_bool("kname");
 
-    ck_tile::stream_config stream_config{
-        nullptr, true, /* log_level = */ (kname ? 1 : 0), stream_warmup, stream_repeat};
+    ck_tile::stream_config stream_config{nullptr,
+                                         true,
+                                         /* log_level = */ (kname ? 1 : 0),
+                                         stream_warmup,
+                                         stream_repeat,
+                                         arg_parser.get_str("timer") == std::string("gpu")};
 
-    const auto seqstart_q_host = generate_seqstarts(mode, batch, seqlen_q);
-    const auto seqstart_k_host = generate_seqstarts(mode, batch, seqlen_k);
+    const auto seqstart_q_host              = to_seqstarts(seqlen_qs);
+    const auto seqstart_k_host              = to_seqstarts(seqlen_ks);
+    const auto seqstart_k_with_padding_host = to_seqstarts(seqlen_kpads);
 
     using TypeConfig = FmhaFwdTypeConfig<DataType>;
 
-    using QDataType           = typename TypeConfig::QDataType;
-    using KDataType           = typename TypeConfig::KDataType;
-    using VDataType           = typename TypeConfig::VDataType;
-    using BiasDataType        = typename TypeConfig::BiasDataType;
-    using LSEDataType         = typename TypeConfig::LSEDataType;
-    using SaccDataType        = typename TypeConfig::SaccDataType;
-    using SMPLComputeDataType = typename TypeConfig::SMPLComputeDataType;
-    using PDataType           = typename TypeConfig::PDataType;
-    using OaccDataType        = typename TypeConfig::OaccDataType;
-    using ODataType           = typename TypeConfig::ODataType;
+    using QDataType             = typename TypeConfig::QDataType;
+    using KDataType             = typename TypeConfig::KDataType;
+    using VDataType             = typename TypeConfig::VDataType;
+    using BiasDataType          = typename TypeConfig::BiasDataType;
+    using RandValOutputDataType = typename TypeConfig::RandValOutputDataType;
+    using LSEDataType           = typename TypeConfig::LSEDataType;
+    using SaccDataType          = typename TypeConfig::SaccDataType;
+    using SMPLComputeDataType   = typename TypeConfig::SMPLComputeDataType;
+    using PDataType             = typename TypeConfig::PDataType;
+    using OaccDataType          = typename TypeConfig::OaccDataType;
+    using ODataType             = typename TypeConfig::ODataType;
 
     // accumulation numbers for performance evaluation
     std::size_t flop = 0, num_byte = 0;
     auto max_seqlen_q =
         std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min(); // we will use max seqlen to decide grid size
+    auto max_seqlen_k = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min();
     {
         for(ck_tile::index_t wb = 0; wb < batch; ++wb)
         {
@@ -276,6 +305,11 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
                 max_seqlen_q = real_seqlen_q;
             }
 
+            if(max_seqlen_k < real_seqlen_k)
+            {
+                max_seqlen_k = real_seqlen_k;
+            }
+
             flop += nhead * (static_cast<std::size_t>(2) * real_seqlen_q * real_seqlen_k * hdim_q +
                              static_cast<std::size_t>(2) * real_seqlen_q * hdim_v * real_seqlen_k);
 
@@ -302,9 +336,11 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
     // host memory for storing all the tensor elements
     const ck_tile::index_t shape_batch = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? batch : 1);
     const ck_tile::index_t shape_seqlen_q =
-        (mode == mode_enum::batch ? seqlen_q : seqstart_q_host.back());
+        (mode == mode_enum::batch ? seqlen_qs[0] : seqstart_q_host.back());
     const ck_tile::index_t shape_seqlen_k =
-        (mode == mode_enum::batch ? seqlen_k : seqstart_k_host.back());
+        (mode == mode_enum::batch ? seqlen_ks[0]
+                                  : (seqlen_kpads[0] < 0 ? seqstart_k_host.back()
+                                                         : seqstart_k_with_padding_host.back()));
 
     ck_tile::HostTensor<QDataType> q_host(
         get_lengths(i_perm, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q, hdim_q));
@@ -327,12 +363,16 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
 
     // self define lse data layout as [shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q]
     ck_tile::HostTensor<LSEDataType> lse_host(
-        lse ? std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 3>{shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q}
+        lse ? std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 3>{batch, nhead, max_seqlen_q}
             : std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 3>{1, 1, 1} /* dummy shape for simplifying code */);
 
     ck_tile::HostTensor<ODataType> o_host(
         get_lengths(o_perm, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q, hdim_v));
 
+    ck_tile::HostTensor<RandValOutputDataType> randval_host(
+        p_drop > 0 ? get_lengths(true, shape_batch, nhead, shape_seqlen_q, max_seqlen_k)
+                   : std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 4>{1, 1, 1, 1});
+
     if(init_method == "ui" || init_method == "0")
     {
         ck_tile::FillUniformDistributionIntegerValue<QDataType>{-3.f, 3.f, seed}(q_host);
@@ -407,6 +447,8 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
     ck_tile::DeviceMem o_buf(o_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
     ck_tile::DeviceMem seqstart_q(seqstart_q_host.size() * sizeof(int32_t));
     ck_tile::DeviceMem seqstart_k(seqstart_k_host.size() * sizeof(int32_t));
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem seqlen_k_buf(seqlen_kpads[0] < 0 ? 0 : seqlen_ks.size() * sizeof(int32_t));
+    ck_tile::DeviceMem randval_buf(randval_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
     ck_tile::DeviceMem alibi_slope_buf(alibi_slope_host.get_element_space_size_in_bytes());
 
     q_buf.ToDevice(q_host.data());
@@ -414,7 +456,9 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
     v_buf.ToDevice(v_host.data());
     bias_buf.ToDevice(bias_host.data());
     seqstart_q.ToDevice(seqstart_q_host.data());
-    seqstart_k.ToDevice(seqstart_k_host.data());
+    seqstart_k.ToDevice(seqlen_kpads[0] < 0 ? seqstart_k_host.data()
+                                            : seqstart_k_with_padding_host.data());
+    seqlen_k_buf.ToDevice(seqlen_kpads[0] < 0 ? nullptr : seqlen_ks.data());
     alibi_slope_buf.ToDevice(alibi_slope_host.data());
 
     // clang-format off
@@ -430,10 +474,12 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
     const std::string prec = arg_parser.get_str("prec");
 
     std::cout << "[" << prec << "|" << mode << "|" << io_layout(i_perm, o_perm) << "] b:" << batch
-              << ", h:" << nhead << "/" << nhead_k << ", s:" << seqlen_q << "/" << seqlen_k
+              << ", h:" << nhead << "/" << nhead_k << ", s:" << seqlen_qs[0] << "/" << seqlen_ks[0]
+              << (seqlen_kpads[0] < 0 ? ""
+                                      : (std::string("(") + std::to_string(seqlen_kpads[0]) + ")"))
               << ", d:" << hdim_q << "/" << hdim_v << ", scale_s:" << scale_s << ", bias:" << bias
-              << ", lse:" << lse << ", squant:" << squant << ", mask:" << mask << ", v:" << vlayout
-              << std::flush;
+              << ", p_drop:" << p_drop << ", lse:" << lse << ", squant:" << squant
+              << ", mask:" << mask << ", v:" << vlayout << std::flush;
 
     auto fmha_traits = fmha_fwd_traits{hdim_q,
                                        hdim_v,
@@ -443,6 +489,7 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
                                        mask.type,
                                        bias.type,
                                        lse,
+                                       p_drop > 0.0f,
                                        squant};
 
     auto p_compute_element_func = [&]() {
@@ -460,7 +507,7 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
             return ck_tile::identity{};
     }();
 
-    auto fmha_args = [&]() {
+    auto fmha_args = [&, k_paddings_ = seqlen_kpads]() {
         assert(nhead % nhead_k == 0);
         /// NOTE: we broadcast bias from [1, 1, seqlen_q, seqlen_k] to [batch, nhead, seqlen_q,
         ///       seqlen_k] in this example, hence both the 'batch_stride_bias' &
@@ -474,8 +521,9 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
             else
                 return i_perm ? shape_seqlen_k : nhead_k * shape_seqlen_k;
         }();
-        const ck_tile::index_t stride_bias = (i_perm ? shape_seqlen_k : 1 * shape_seqlen_k);
-        const ck_tile::index_t stride_o    = (o_perm ? hdim_v : nhead * hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_bias    = (i_perm ? shape_seqlen_k : 1 * shape_seqlen_k);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_randval = (max_seqlen_k);
+        const ck_tile::index_t stride_o       = (o_perm ? hdim_v : nhead * hdim_v);
         // setup nhead_stride_* arguments
         const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_q = (i_perm ? shape_seqlen_q * hdim_q : hdim_q);
         const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_k = (i_perm ? shape_seqlen_k * hdim_q : hdim_q);
@@ -487,26 +535,29 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
         }();
         const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_bias =
             (i_perm ? 0 * shape_seqlen_q * shape_seqlen_k : 0 * shape_seqlen_k);
-        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_lse = (shape_seqlen_q * 1);
-        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_o   = (o_perm ? shape_seqlen_q * hdim_v : hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_randval = (shape_seqlen_q * max_seqlen_k);
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_lse     = max_seqlen_q;
+        const ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_o       = (o_perm ? shape_seqlen_q * hdim_v : hdim_v);
         // setup batch_stride_* arguments
-        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_q    = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * hdim_q);
-        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_k    = (nhead_k * shape_seqlen_k * hdim_q);
-        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_v    = (nhead_k * hdim_v * shape_seqlen_k);
-        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_bias = (0 * nhead * shape_seqlen_q * shape_seqlen_k);
-        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_lse  = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * 1);
-        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_o    = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * hdim_v);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_q       = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * hdim_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_k       = (nhead_k * shape_seqlen_k * hdim_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_v       = (nhead_k * hdim_v * shape_seqlen_k);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_bias    = (0 * nhead * shape_seqlen_q * shape_seqlen_k);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_randval = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * max_seqlen_k);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_lse     = (nhead * max_seqlen_q);
+        const ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_o       = (nhead * shape_seqlen_q * hdim_v);
 
         return fmha_fwd_args{q_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
                              k_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
                              v_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
                              bias.type == bias_enum::alibi ? alibi_slope_buf.GetDeviceBuffer()
                                                            : bias_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
+                             randval_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
                              lse_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
                              o_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
                              seqstart_q.GetDeviceBuffer(),
                              seqstart_k.GetDeviceBuffer(),
-                             nullptr,
+                             k_paddings_[0] < 0 ? nullptr : seqlen_k_buf.GetDeviceBuffer(),
                              shape_seqlen_q,
                              shape_seqlen_k,
                              batch,
@@ -523,22 +574,28 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
                              stride_v,
                              bias.type == bias_enum::alibi ? (bias.rank_info == 0 ? 0 : nhead)
                                                            : stride_bias,
+                             stride_randval,
                              stride_o,
                              nhead_stride_q,
                              nhead_stride_k,
                              nhead_stride_v,
                              nhead_stride_bias,
+                             nhead_stride_randval,
                              nhead_stride_lse,
                              nhead_stride_o,
                              batch_stride_q,
                              batch_stride_k,
                              batch_stride_v,
                              batch_stride_bias,
+                             batch_stride_randval,
                              batch_stride_lse,
                              batch_stride_o,
                              mask.left,
                              mask.right,
-                             static_cast<ck_tile::index_t>(mask.type)};
+                             static_cast<ck_tile::index_t>(mask.type),
+                             p_drop,
+                             s_randval,
+                             {drop_seed, drop_offset}};
     }();
 
     float ave_time = fmha_fwd(fmha_traits, fmha_args, stream_config);
@@ -565,6 +622,11 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
 
     o_buf.FromDevice(o_host.data());
     lse_buf.FromDevice(lse_host.data());
+    randval_buf.FromDevice(randval_host.data());
+    float p_undrop = 1.0 - p_drop;
+    uint8_t p_undrop_in_uint8_t =
+        uint8_t(std::floor(p_undrop * std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()));
+    float rp_undrop = 1.0 / p_undrop;
 
     bool pass = true;
 
@@ -576,7 +638,10 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
         // adjust matrix index according to the mode
         const ck_tile::index_t b            = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? wb : 0);
         const ck_tile::index_t query_offset = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? 0 : seqstart_q_host[wb]);
-        const ck_tile::index_t key_offset   = (mode == mode_enum::batch ? 0 : seqstart_k_host[wb]);
+        const ck_tile::index_t key_offset =
+            (mode == mode_enum::batch
+                 ? 0
+                 : (seqlen_kpads[0] < 0 ? seqstart_k_host[wb] : seqstart_k_with_padding_host[wb]));
 
         const auto v_host_ref_lengths =
             std::array<ck_tile::index_t, 3>{nhead, hdim_v, real_seqlen_k};
@@ -661,7 +726,7 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
                 else
                 {
                     return ck_tile::Alibi<SaccDataType, true>{
-                        0, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k, ck_tile::AlibiMode::VERTICAL};
+                        0, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k, ck_tile::AlibiMode::FROM_BOTTOM_RIGHT};
                 }
             }();
 
@@ -671,7 +736,8 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
             for(auto i_h = 0; i_h < nhead; i_h++)
             {
                 SaccDataType current_slope = alibi_slope_host(i_b_slope, i_h);
-                alibi_host.slope           = current_slope;
+                alibi_host.slope = alibi_host.mode == ck_tile::AlibiMode::VERTICAL ? current_slope
+                                                                                   : -current_slope;
                 for(auto i_r = 0; i_r < real_seqlen_q; i_r++)
                 {
                     for(auto i_c = 0; i_c < real_seqlen_k; i_c++)
@@ -736,6 +802,17 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
                 s_host_ref, p_host_ref, p_compute_element_func);
         }
 
+        if(p_drop > 0)
+        {
+            ck_tile::HostTensor<RandValOutputDataType> randval_host_ref(
+                {nhead, real_seqlen_q, real_seqlen_k});
+            randval_host_ref.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {
+                self(idx) = randval_host(b, idx[0], idx[1] + query_offset, idx[2]);
+            });
+            ck_tile::reference_batched_dropout(
+                p_host_ref, randval_host_ref, p_undrop_in_uint8_t, rp_undrop);
+        }
+
         ck_tile::reference_batched_gemm<PDataType, VDataType, OaccDataType, ODataType>(
             p_host_ref,
             v_host_ref,
@@ -769,9 +846,8 @@ bool run(const ck_tile::ArgParser& arg_parser)
         if(lse)
         {
             ck_tile::HostTensor<SMPLComputeDataType> lse_host_result({nhead, real_seqlen_q});
-            lse_host_result.ForEach([&](auto& self, auto idx) {
-                self(idx) = lse_host(b, idx[0], idx[1] + query_offset);
-            });
+            lse_host_result.ForEach(
+                [&](auto& self, auto idx) { self(idx) = lse_host(wb, idx[0], idx[1]); });
 
             bool lse_pass = ck_tile::check_err(lse_host_result,
                                                lse_host_ref,

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/fmha_fwd.hpp

@@ -17,61 +17,65 @@ struct FmhaFwdTypeConfig;
 template <>
 struct FmhaFwdTypeConfig<ck_tile::half_t>
 {
-    using QDataType           = ck_tile::half_t;
-    using KDataType           = ck_tile::half_t;
-    using VDataType           = ck_tile::half_t;
-    using BiasDataType        = ck_tile::half_t;
-    using LSEDataType         = float; // data type for lse(logsumexp L_j = max_j + log(l_j))
-    using SaccDataType        = float; // data type for first gemm accumulation
-    using SMPLComputeDataType = float; // data type for reduction, softmax
-    using PDataType           = ck_tile::half_t; // data type for A matrix of second gemm
-    using OaccDataType        = float;           // data type for second gemm accumulation
-    using ODataType           = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using QDataType             = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using KDataType             = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using VDataType             = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using BiasDataType          = ck_tile::half_t;
+    using RandValOutputDataType = uint8_t;
+    using LSEDataType           = float; // data type for lse(logsumexp L_j = max_j + log(l_j))
+    using SaccDataType          = float; // data type for first gemm accumulation
+    using SMPLComputeDataType   = float; // data type for reduction, softmax
+    using PDataType             = ck_tile::half_t; // data type for A matrix of second gemm
+    using OaccDataType          = float;           // data type for second gemm accumulation
+    using ODataType             = ck_tile::half_t;
 };
 
 template <>
 struct FmhaFwdTypeConfig<ck_tile::bf16_t>
 {
-    using QDataType           = ck_tile::bf16_t;
-    using KDataType           = ck_tile::bf16_t;
-    using VDataType           = ck_tile::bf16_t;
-    using BiasDataType        = ck_tile::bf16_t;
-    using LSEDataType         = float; // data type for lse(logsumexp L_j = max_j + log(l_j))
-    using SaccDataType        = float; // data type for first gemm accumulation
-    using SMPLComputeDataType = float; // data type for reduction, softmax
-    using PDataType           = ck_tile::bf16_t; // data type for A matrix of second gemm
-    using OaccDataType        = float;           // data type for second gemm accumulation
-    using ODataType           = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using QDataType             = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using KDataType             = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using VDataType             = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using BiasDataType          = ck_tile::bf16_t;
+    using RandValOutputDataType = uint8_t;
+    using LSEDataType           = float; // data type for lse(logsumexp L_j = max_j + log(l_j))
+    using SaccDataType          = float; // data type for first gemm accumulation
+    using SMPLComputeDataType   = float; // data type for reduction, softmax
+    using PDataType             = ck_tile::bf16_t; // data type for A matrix of second gemm
+    using OaccDataType          = float;           // data type for second gemm accumulation
+    using ODataType             = ck_tile::bf16_t;
 };
 
 template <>
 struct FmhaFwdTypeConfig<ck_tile::fp8_t>
 {
-    using QDataType           = ck_tile::fp8_t;
-    using KDataType           = ck_tile::fp8_t;
-    using VDataType           = ck_tile::fp8_t;
-    using BiasDataType        = float;
-    using LSEDataType         = float; // data type for lse(logsumexp L_j = max_j + log(l_j))
-    using SaccDataType        = float; // data type for first gemm accumulation
-    using SMPLComputeDataType = float; // data type for reduction, softmax
-    using PDataType           = ck_tile::fp8_t; // data type for A matrix of second gemm
-    using OaccDataType        = float;          // data type for second gemm accumulation
-    using ODataType           = ck_tile::fp8_t;
+    using QDataType             = ck_tile::fp8_t;
+    using KDataType             = ck_tile::fp8_t;
+    using VDataType             = ck_tile::fp8_t;
+    using BiasDataType          = float;
+    using RandValOutputDataType = uint8_t;
+    using LSEDataType           = float; // data type for lse(logsumexp L_j = max_j + log(l_j))
+    using SaccDataType          = float; // data type for first gemm accumulation
+    using SMPLComputeDataType   = float; // data type for reduction, softmax
+    using PDataType             = ck_tile::fp8_t; // data type for A matrix of second gemm
+    using OaccDataType          = float;          // data type for second gemm accumulation
+    using ODataType             = ck_tile::fp8_t;
 };
 
 template <>
 struct FmhaFwdTypeConfig<ck_tile::bf8_t>
 {
-    using QDataType           = ck_tile::bf8_t;
-    using KDataType           = ck_tile::bf8_t;
-    using VDataType           = ck_tile::bf8_t;
-    using BiasDataType        = ck_tile::bf8_t;
-    using LSEDataType         = float; // data type for lse(logsumexp L_j = max_j + log(l_j))
-    using SaccDataType        = float; // data type for first gemm accumulation
-    using SMPLComputeDataType = float; // data type for reduction, softmax
-    using PDataType           = ck_tile::bf8_t; // data type for A matrix of second gemm
-    using OaccDataType        = float;          // data type for second gemm accumulation
-    using ODataType           = ck_tile::bf8_t;
+    using QDataType             = ck_tile::bf8_t;
+    using KDataType             = ck_tile::bf8_t;
+    using VDataType             = ck_tile::bf8_t;
+    using BiasDataType          = ck_tile::bf8_t;
+    using RandValOutputDataType = uint8_t;
+    using LSEDataType           = float; // data type for lse(logsumexp L_j = max_j + log(l_j))
+    using SaccDataType          = float; // data type for first gemm accumulation
+    using SMPLComputeDataType   = float; // data type for reduction, softmax
+    using PDataType             = ck_tile::bf8_t; // data type for A matrix of second gemm
+    using OaccDataType          = float;          // data type for second gemm accumulation
+    using ODataType             = ck_tile::bf8_t;
 };
 
 struct FmhaMasks
@@ -88,6 +92,7 @@ struct fmha_fwd_args
     const void* k_ptr;
     const void* v_ptr;
     const void* bias_ptr; // bias or alibi_slope pointer
+    void* rand_val_ptr;
     void* lse_ptr;
     void* o_ptr;
     const void* seqstart_q_ptr;
@@ -108,22 +113,28 @@ struct fmha_fwd_args
     ck_tile::index_t stride_k;
     ck_tile::index_t stride_v;
     ck_tile::index_t stride_bias; // if alibi, b*h need set this to h, 1*h need set this to 0
+    ck_tile::index_t stride_randval;
     ck_tile::index_t stride_o;
     ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_q;
     ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_k;
     ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_v;
     ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_bias;
+    ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_randval;
     ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_lse;
     ck_tile::index_t nhead_stride_o;
     ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_q;
     ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_k;
     ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_v;
     ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_bias;
+    ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_randval;
     ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_lse;
     ck_tile::index_t batch_stride_o;
     ck_tile::index_t window_size_left;
     ck_tile::index_t window_size_right;
     ck_tile::index_t mask_type;
+    float p_drop;
+    bool s_randval;
+    std::tuple<uint64_t, uint64_t> drop_seed_offset;
 };
 
 template <typename FmhaKernel>
@@ -138,6 +149,7 @@ auto fmha_fwd_create_kargs_and_grids(fmha_fwd_args args)
                                          args.k_ptr,
                                          args.v_ptr,
                                          args.bias_ptr,
+                                         args.rand_val_ptr,
                                          args.lse_ptr,
                                          args.o_ptr,
                                          args.seqstart_q_ptr,
@@ -145,6 +157,7 @@ auto fmha_fwd_create_kargs_and_grids(fmha_fwd_args args)
                                          args.seqlen_k_ptr,
                                          args.hdim_q,
                                          args.hdim_v,
+                                         args.nhead_q,
                                          args.nhead_q / args.nhead_k,
                                          args.scale_s,
                                          args.scale_p,
@@ -153,16 +166,22 @@ auto fmha_fwd_create_kargs_and_grids(fmha_fwd_args args)
                                          args.stride_k,
                                          args.stride_v,
                                          args.stride_bias,
+                                         args.stride_randval,
                                          args.stride_o,
                                          args.nhead_stride_q,
                                          args.nhead_stride_k,
                                          args.nhead_stride_v,
                                          args.nhead_stride_bias,
+                                         args.nhead_stride_randval,
                                          args.nhead_stride_lse,
                                          args.nhead_stride_o,
+                                         args.batch_stride_lse,
                                          args.window_size_left,
                                          args.window_size_right,
-                                         args.mask_type);
+                                         args.mask_type,
+                                         args.p_drop,
+                                         args.s_randval,
+                                         args.drop_seed_offset);
         }
         else
         { // create batch mode kernel arguments
@@ -170,12 +189,14 @@ auto fmha_fwd_create_kargs_and_grids(fmha_fwd_args args)
                                          args.k_ptr,
                                          args.v_ptr,
                                          args.bias_ptr,
+                                         args.rand_val_ptr,
                                          args.lse_ptr,
                                          args.o_ptr,
                                          args.seqlen_q,
                                          args.seqlen_k,
                                          args.hdim_q,
                                          args.hdim_v,
+                                         args.nhead_q,
                                          args.nhead_q / args.nhead_k,
                                          args.scale_s,
                                          args.scale_p,
@@ -184,22 +205,28 @@ auto fmha_fwd_create_kargs_and_grids(fmha_fwd_args args)
                                          args.stride_k,
                                          args.stride_v,
                                          args.stride_bias,
+                                         args.stride_randval,
                                          args.stride_o,
                                          args.nhead_stride_q,
                                          args.nhead_stride_k,
                                          args.nhead_stride_v,
                                          args.nhead_stride_bias,
+                                         args.nhead_stride_randval,
                                          args.nhead_stride_lse,
                                          args.nhead_stride_o,
                                          args.batch_stride_q,
                                          args.batch_stride_k,
                                          args.batch_stride_v,
                                          args.batch_stride_bias,
+                                         args.batch_stride_randval,
                                          args.batch_stride_lse,
                                          args.batch_stride_o,
                                          args.window_size_left,
                                          args.window_size_right,
-                                         args.mask_type);
+                                         args.mask_type,
+                                         args.p_drop,
+                                         args.s_randval,
+                                         args.drop_seed_offset);
         }
     }();
 
@@ -222,6 +249,7 @@ template <ck_tile::index_t HDim_,
           typename FmhaMask_,
           ck_tile::BlockAttentionBiasEnum BiasEnum_,
           bool kStoreLse_,
+          bool kHasDropout_,
           bool kDoFp8StaticQuant_,
           bool kPadS_,
           bool kPadSK_,
@@ -243,6 +271,7 @@ struct fmha_fwd_traits_
     using FmhaMask                                   = ck_tile::remove_cvref_t<FmhaMask_>;
     static constexpr auto BiasEnum                   = BiasEnum_;
     static constexpr bool kStoreLse                  = kStoreLse_;
+    static constexpr bool kHasDropout                = kHasDropout_;
     static constexpr bool kDoFp8StaticQuant          = kDoFp8StaticQuant_;
     static constexpr bool kPadS                      = kPadS_;
     static constexpr bool kPadSK                     = kPadSK_;
@@ -264,6 +293,7 @@ struct fmha_fwd_traits
     mask_enum mask_type;
     bias_enum bias_type; // 0:no bias, 1:elementwise bias, 2:alibi. sync with BlockAttentionBiasEnum
     bool has_lse;
+    bool has_dropout;
     bool do_fp8_static_quant;
     // TODO: padding check is inside this api
 };

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/generate.py

@@ -78,7 +78,11 @@ BOOL_MAP = {
     "f" : "false"
 }
 
-DIRECTIONS = ["fwd"]
+TILE_PARTITIONER_MAP = {
+    "shb" : "ck_tile::FmhaFwdTilePartitioner_SHB",
+    "hbs" : "ck_tile::FmhaFwdTilePartitioner_HBS",
+}
+
 GEN_DIR = ""    # in Cmake, have to generate files in same folder
 
 FMHA_FWD_KERNEL_HEADER = """// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
@@ -106,7 +110,9 @@ using fmha_trait_{F_idx} = ck_tile::TileFmhaTraits<{F_spad},
                                                     {F_dpad},
                                                     {F_dvpad},
                                                     {F_bias},
+                                                    false,
                                                     {F_lse},
+                                                    {F_dropout},
                                                     {F_squant},
                                                     {F_occupancy}>;
 using fmha_mask_{F_idx} = {F_mask};
@@ -118,6 +124,7 @@ using fmha_pipeline_problem_{F_idx} = ck_tile::BlockFmhaPipelineProblem<
     typename FmhaFwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::SaccDataType,
     typename FmhaFwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::SMPLComputeDataType,
     typename FmhaFwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::BiasDataType,
+    typename FmhaFwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::RandValOutputDataType,
     typename FmhaFwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::LSEDataType,
     typename FmhaFwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::PDataType,
     typename FmhaFwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::OaccDataType,
@@ -136,12 +143,12 @@ using fmha_epilogue_{F_idx} =
                                            {F_spad}, {F_dvpad}>>;
 
 using fmha_kernel_{F_idx} =
-    ck_tile::FmhaFwdKernel<ck_tile::FmhaFwdTilePartitioner<fmha_shape_{F_idx}>,
+    ck_tile::FmhaFwdKernel<{F_tile_partitioner}<fmha_shape_{F_idx}>,
                   fmha_pipeline_{F_idx},
                   fmha_epilogue_{F_idx}>;
 
 using trait_{F_idx} = fmha_fwd_traits_<{F_hdim}, {F_dtype}, {F_mode},{F_bm0}, {F_bn0}, {F_bk0}, {F_bn1}, {F_bk1}, {F_bk0blen}, {F_vlayout},
-                        {F_pipeline_enum}, fmha_mask_{F_idx}, {F_bias}, {F_lse}, {F_squant}, {F_spad}, {F_skpad}, {F_dpad}, {F_dvpad}>;
+                        {F_pipeline_enum}, fmha_mask_{F_idx}, {F_bias}, {F_lse}, {F_dropout}, {F_squant}, {F_spad}, {F_skpad}, {F_dpad}, {F_dvpad}>;
 
 #include <iostream>
 
@@ -154,7 +161,7 @@ float fmha_fwd_<trait_{F_idx}>(const ck_tile::stream_config& s, fmha_fwd_args a)
     auto [kargs, grids] = fmha_fwd_create_kargs_and_grids<k_>(a);
     constexpr dim3 blocks             = k_::BlockSize();
     constexpr ck_tile::index_t kBlockPerCu = k_::kBlockPerCu;
-    return ck_tile::launch_kernel<blocks.x, kBlockPerCu>(s, k_{{}}, grids, blocks, 0, kargs);
+    return ck_tile::launch_kernel(s, ck_tile::make_kernel<blocks.x, kBlockPerCu>(k_{{}}, grids, blocks, 0, kargs));
 }}
 """
 
@@ -186,9 +193,9 @@ MASK_SIMPLIFIED_CHECK_MAP = {
     "s_mask" : "t.mask_type != mask_enum::no_mask",
 }
 
-FMHA_FWD_API_INNER_DISPATCH="""            {F_if}((t.is_group_mode == {F_mode}) && (t.is_v_rowmajor == {F_vlayout}) && ({F_mask_check}) && (t.bias_type == {F_bias_check}) && (t.has_lse == {F_lse}) && (t.do_fp8_static_quant == {F_squant}) &&
+FMHA_FWD_API_INNER_DISPATCH="""            {F_if}((t.is_group_mode == {F_mode}) && (t.is_v_rowmajor == {F_vlayout}) && ({F_mask_check}) && (t.bias_type == {F_bias_check}) && (t.has_lse == {F_lse})  && (t.has_dropout == {F_dropout}) && (t.do_fp8_static_quant == {F_squant}) &&
                         ({F_scheck}) && ({F_skcheck}) && ({F_dcheck}) && ({F_dvcheck})) {{
-                using trait_ = fmha_fwd_traits_<{F_hdim}, {F_dtype}, {F_mode}, {F_bm0}, {F_bn0}, {F_bk0}, {F_bn1}, {F_bk1}, {F_bk0blen}, {F_vlayout}, {F_pipeline_enum}, {F_mask}, {F_bias}, {F_lse}, {F_squant}, {F_spad}, {F_skpad}, {F_dpad}, {F_dvpad}>;
+                using trait_ = fmha_fwd_traits_<{F_hdim}, {F_dtype}, {F_mode}, {F_bm0}, {F_bn0}, {F_bk0}, {F_bn1}, {F_bk1}, {F_bk0blen}, {F_vlayout}, {F_pipeline_enum}, {F_mask}, {F_bias}, {F_lse}, {F_dropout}, {F_squant}, {F_spad}, {F_skpad}, {F_dpad}, {F_dvpad}>;
                 return fmha_fwd_<trait_>(s, a);
             }}
 """
@@ -228,6 +235,7 @@ class FmhaFwdApiTrait:
     mask      : str
     bias      : str  #
     lse       : str  #
+    dropout   : str
     squant    : str  #
     spad      : str
     skpad     : str
@@ -237,7 +245,7 @@ class FmhaFwdApiTrait:
     @property
     def name(self) -> str:
         return f'{self.hdim}-{self.dtype}-{self.mode}-{self.bm0}-{self.bn0}-{self.bk0}-{self.bn0}-{self.bk1}-{self.bk0blen}-'+\
-                    f'{self.vlayout}-{self.mask}-{self.bias}-{self.lse}-{self.squant}-{self.spad}-{self.skpad}-{self.dpad}-{self.dvpad}'
+                    f'{self.vlayout}-{self.mask}-{self.bias}-{self.lse}-{self.dropout}-{self.squant}-{self.spad}-{self.skpad}-{self.dpad}-{self.dvpad}'
 
     @property
     def scheck(self) -> str:
@@ -294,6 +302,7 @@ class FmhaFwdPipeline:
     F_dvpad     : str  #
     F_bias      : str  # true/false
     F_lse       : str  #
+    F_dropout   : str  #
     F_squant    : str  #
     F_mask      : str  # value from MASK_MAP
 
@@ -316,6 +325,7 @@ class FmhaFwdPipeline:
         else:
             if self.F_mask != 'no' : n += f'_m{self.F_mask[0]}'
         if self.F_lse == 't' : n += '_lse'
+        if self.F_dropout == 't' : n += '_dropout'
         if self.F_squant == 't' : n += '_squant'
         return n
 
@@ -346,7 +356,7 @@ class FmhaFwdApiPool:
                     inners = inners + FMHA_FWD_API_INNER_DISPATCH.format(F_if=if_k, F_mode=MODE_MAP[trait.mode], F_vlayout=LAYOUT_MAP[trait.vlayout],
                                    F_pipeline_enum=PIPELINE_ENUM_MAP[trait.pipeline_tag], F_mask=get_mask_map(self.mask_impl)[trait.mask],
                                    F_mask_check=get_mask_check_map(self.mask_impl)[trait.mask], F_bias_check=BIAS_CHECK_MAP[trait.bias], F_bias=BIAS_MAP[trait.bias],
-                                   F_lse=BOOL_MAP[trait.lse],
+                                   F_lse=BOOL_MAP[trait.lse], F_dropout=BOOL_MAP[trait.dropout] ,
                                    F_squant=BOOL_MAP[trait.squant], F_scheck=trait.scheck, F_skcheck=trait.skcheck, F_dcheck=trait.dcheck, F_dvcheck=trait.dvcheck,
                                    F_spad=BOOL_MAP[trait.spad], F_skpad=BOOL_MAP[trait.skpad], F_dpad=BOOL_MAP[trait.dpad], F_dvpad=BOOL_MAP[trait.dvpad],
                                    F_bm0=trait.bm0, F_bn0=trait.bn0, F_bk0=trait.bk0, F_bn1=trait.bn1, F_bk1=trait.bk1, F_bk0blen=trait.bk0blen,
@@ -360,7 +370,7 @@ class FmhaFwdApiPool:
 @dataclass
 class FmhaFwdTileSize:
     F_bm0       : int  # tile size along q seqlen (block size)
-    F_bn0       : int  # tile size along qk seqlen
+    F_bn0       : int  # tile size along k seqlen
     F_bk0       : int  # tile size along qk gemm unroll
     F_bn1       : int  # tile size along v head_dim
     F_bk1       : int  # tile size along kv gemm unroll
@@ -389,6 +399,12 @@ class FmhaFwdKernel:
     F_pipeline      : FmhaFwdPipeline
     mask_impl       : str
 
+    def get_tp(self) -> str:
+        if self.F_mode == 'group':
+            return 'hbs'
+        else:
+            return 'shb'
+
     @property
     def template(self) -> str:
         kernel_body = str()
@@ -416,17 +432,19 @@ class FmhaFwdKernel:
                 F_dvpad         = BOOL_MAP[self.F_pipeline.F_dvpad],
                 F_bias          = BIAS_MAP[self.F_pipeline.F_bias],
                 F_lse           = BOOL_MAP[self.F_pipeline.F_lse],
+                F_dropout       = BOOL_MAP[self.F_pipeline.F_dropout],
                 F_squant        = BOOL_MAP[self.F_pipeline.F_squant],
                 F_occupancy     = self.F_tile.F_occupancy,
                 F_pipeline_enum = PIPELINE_ENUM_MAP[self.F_pipeline.tag],
                 F_mask          = get_mask_map(self.mask_impl)[self.F_pipeline.F_mask],
                 F_mode          = MODE_MAP[self.F_mode],
-                F_pipeline      = PIPELINE_MAP[self.F_pipeline.tag])
+                F_pipeline      = PIPELINE_MAP[self.F_pipeline.tag],
+                F_tile_partitioner = TILE_PARTITIONER_MAP[self.get_tp()])
 
     @property
     def name(self) -> str:
         # TODO: we don't encode idx here
-        return f"fmha_{self.direction}_d{self.F_hdim}_{self.F_dtype}_{self.F_mode}_" +\
+        return f"fmha_{self.direction}_d{self.F_hdim}_{self.F_dtype}_{self.F_mode}_{self.get_tp()}_" + \
                 self.F_tile.name + '_' + self.F_pipeline.name
 
     @property
@@ -449,6 +467,7 @@ class FmhaFwdKernel:
                 mask=self.F_pipeline.F_mask,
                 bias=self.F_pipeline.F_bias,
                 lse=self.F_pipeline.F_lse,
+                dropout=self.F_pipeline.F_dropout,
                 squant=self.F_pipeline.F_squant,
                 spad=self.F_pipeline.F_spad,
                 skpad=self.F_pipeline.F_skpad,
@@ -477,7 +496,7 @@ def get_fmha_fwd_tile_dict_from_dtype(direction : str, dtype : str) -> Optional[
     else:
         return None
 
-def get_blobs(kernel_filter : Optional[str], receipt, mask_impl) -> Tuple[FmhaFwdApiPool, List[FmhaFwdKernel]]:
+def get_fwd_blobs(kernel_filter : Optional[str], receipt, mask_impl) -> Tuple[FmhaFwdApiPool, List[FmhaFwdKernel]]:
     # TODO: we don't support tuning yet, so pick up one value for vlayout/pipeline/pad
     #       support this in future
     def get_pipelines(dtype, hdim) -> List[FmhaFwdPipeline]:
@@ -488,26 +507,26 @@ def get_blobs(kernel_filter : Optional[str], receipt, mask_impl) -> Tuple[FmhaFw
         squant = 't' if dtype == 'fp8' else 'f'
         pipelines = []
         if dtype in ['fp16', 'bf16']:
-            for mask, bias, lse in itertools.product(get_mask_map(mask_impl).keys(), BIAS_MAP.keys(), ["t", "f"]):
+            for mask, bias, lse, dropout in itertools.product(get_mask_map(mask_impl).keys(), BIAS_MAP.keys(), ["t", "f"], ["t", "f"]):
                 if hdim == 256:
                 # if True:
-                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'row', 'f', 'f', 'f', 'f', bias, lse, squant, mask))
-                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'col', 'f', 'f', 'f', 'f', bias, lse, squant, mask))
+                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'row', 'f', 'f', 'f', 'f', bias, lse, dropout, squant, mask))
+                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'col', 'f', 'f', 'f', 'f', bias, lse, dropout, squant, mask))
 
-                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'row', 't', 't', 't', 't', bias, lse, squant, mask))
-                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'col', 't', 't', 't', 't', bias, lse, squant, mask))
+                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'row', 't', 't', 't', 't', bias, lse, dropout, squant, mask))
+                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'col', 't', 't', 't', 't', bias, lse, dropout, squant, mask))
                 else:
-                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr_async', 'row', 't', 'f', 't', 't', bias, lse, squant, mask))
-                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr_async', 'row', 't', 't', 't', 't', bias, lse, squant, mask))
-                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr_async', 'col', 't', 'f', 't', 't', bias, lse, squant, mask))
-                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr_async', 'col', 't', 't', 't', 't', bias, lse, squant, mask))
+                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr_async', 'row', 't', 'f', 't', 't', bias, lse, dropout, squant, mask))
+                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr_async', 'row', 't', 't', 't', 't', bias, lse, dropout, squant, mask))
+                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr_async', 'col', 't', 'f', 't', 't', bias, lse, dropout, squant, mask))
+                    pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr_async', 'col', 't', 't', 't', 't', bias, lse, dropout, squant, mask))
                     if receipt == 1:
-                        pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'row', 't', 't', 't', 't', bias, lse, squant, mask)) # TODO: cover arbitraty hdim
-                        pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'col', 't', 'f', 't', 't', bias, lse, squant, mask)) # TODO: cover arbitraty hdim
+                        pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'row', 't', 't', 't', 't', bias, lse, dropout, squant, mask)) # TODO: cover arbitraty hdim
+                        pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'col', 't', 'f', 't', 't', bias, lse, dropout, squant, mask)) # TODO: cover arbitraty hdim
         elif dtype in ['fp8', 'bf8']:
-            # no need lse kernels
+            # no need lse/dropout kernels
             for mask, bias in itertools.product(get_mask_map(mask_impl).keys(), BIAS_MAP.keys()):
-                pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'col', 'f', 'f', 'f', 'f', bias, 'f', squant, mask))
+                pipelines.append(FmhaFwdPipeline('qr', 'col', 'f', 'f', 'f', 'f', bias, 'f', 'f', squant, mask))
         else:
             assert False
         return pipelines
@@ -515,7 +534,7 @@ def get_blobs(kernel_filter : Optional[str], receipt, mask_impl) -> Tuple[FmhaFw
     gen = list()
     api_pool = FmhaFwdApiPool(mask_impl)
 
-    for direction, dtype in itertools.product(DIRECTIONS, DTYPE_MAP.keys()):
+    for direction, dtype in itertools.product(["fwd"], DTYPE_MAP.keys()):
         d = get_fmha_fwd_tile_dict_from_dtype(direction, dtype)
         if d == None:
             continue
@@ -539,44 +558,660 @@ def get_blobs(kernel_filter : Optional[str], receipt, mask_impl) -> Tuple[FmhaFw
                 if kernel_filter != None:
                     if not fnmatch.fnmatch(k.name, kernel_filter):
                         continue
+                if receipt == 2:
+                    cond = dtype in ['fp16', 'bf16']
+                    cond &= pipeline.F_vlayout == 'row'
+                    cond &= pipeline.F_bias in ['no', 'alibi']
+                    cond &= pipeline.F_squant == 'f'
+                    if not cond:
+                        continue
                 api_pool.register_traits(k.api_trait())
                 gen.append(k)
 
     return (api_pool, gen)
 
-def write_single_kernel(kernel: FmhaFwdKernel, autogen_dir: Path) -> None:
+BWD_DQDKDV_PIPELINE_MAP = {
+    "ks_kts_vr" : "ck_tile::BlockFmhaBwdDQDKDVPipelineKSKTSVR",
+    "qs_ks_vr_dos" : "ck_tile::BlockFmhaBwdDQDKDVPipelineQSKSVROGradS",
+    "ks_vr" : "ck_tile::BlockFmhaBwdDQDKDVPipelineKSVR",
+}
+
+BWD_DQDKDV_PIPELINE_ENUM_MAP = {
+    "ks_kts_vr" : "ck_tile::BlockFmhaBwdPipelineEnum::KSKTSVR",
+    "qs_ks_vr_dos" : "ck_tile::BlockFmhaBwdPipelineEnum::QSKSVROGradS",
+    "ks_vr" : "ck_tile::BlockFmhaBwdPipelineEnum::KSVR",
+}
+
+FMHA_BWD_KERNEL_HEADER = """// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) 2018-2024, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.\n
+// auto generated by generate.py
+#include "fmha_bwd.hpp"
+"""
+
+FMHA_BWD_DQ_DK_DV_KERNEL_BODY="""
+using fmha_dtype_{F_idx} = {F_dtype};
+
+using fmha_block_tile_{F_idx} = ck_tile::sequence<{F_bm0}, {F_bn0}, {F_bk0}, {F_bk1}, {F_bk2}, {F_bk3}, {F_bk4}, {F_bhdq}, {F_bhdv}>;
+using fmha_block_warps0_{F_idx} = ck_tile::sequence<{F_rm0}, {F_rn0}, {F_rk0}>;
+using fmha_block_warps1_{F_idx} = ck_tile::sequence<{F_rm1}, {F_rn1}, {F_rk1}>;
+using fmha_block_warps2_{F_idx} = ck_tile::sequence<{F_rm2}, {F_rn2}, {F_rk2}>;
+using fmha_warp_tile_{F_idx} = ck_tile::sequence<{F_wm}, {F_wn}, {F_wk}>;
+
+// TODO: simplify Gemm0~4BlockWarps in TileFmhaBwdShape
+//       G0&G2 -> GSdP
+//       G1&G3 -> GdKV
+//       G4    -> GdQ
+using fmha_bwd_shape_{F_idx} = ck_tile::TileFmhaBwdShape<fmha_block_tile_{F_idx},
+                                      fmha_block_warps0_{F_idx},
+                                      fmha_warp_tile_{F_idx},
+                                      fmha_block_warps1_{F_idx},
+                                      fmha_warp_tile_{F_idx},
+                                      fmha_block_warps0_{F_idx},
+                                      fmha_warp_tile_{F_idx},
+                                      fmha_block_warps1_{F_idx},
+                                      fmha_warp_tile_{F_idx},
+                                      fmha_block_warps2_{F_idx},
+                                      fmha_warp_tile_{F_idx}>;
+
+using fmha_bwd_trait_{F_idx} = ck_tile::TileFmhaTraits<{F_spad},
+                                                    {F_skpad},
+                                                    {F_dpad},
+                                                    {F_dvpad},
+                                                    {F_bias},
+                                                    {F_dbias},
+                                                    false,
+                                                    {F_dropout},
+                                                    false,
+                                                    {F_occupancy}>;
+using fmha_mask_{F_idx} = {F_mask};
+
+using fmha_bwd_pipeline_problem_{F_idx} = ck_tile::BlockFmhaBwdPipelineProblem<
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::QDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::KDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::VDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::GemmDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::LSEDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::AccDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::DDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::BiasDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::RandValOutputDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::ODataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::OGradDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::QGradDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::KGradDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::VGradDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::BiasGradDataType,
+    fmha_bwd_shape_{F_idx},
+    {F_mode},
+    fmha_mask_{F_idx},
+    fmha_bwd_trait_{F_idx}>;
+
+using fmha_bwd_pipeline_{F_idx} = {F_pipeline}<
+    fmha_bwd_pipeline_problem_{F_idx}>;
+
+using fmha_bwd_dk_epilogue_{F_idx} =
+    ck_tile::Default2DEpilogue<ck_tile::Default2DEpilogueProblem<typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<{F_dtype}>::AccDataType,
+                               typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<{F_dtype}>::KGradDataType,
+                               false, false>>;
+
+using fmha_bwd_dv_epilogue_{F_idx} =
+    ck_tile::Default2DEpilogue<ck_tile::Default2DEpilogueProblem<typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<{F_dtype}>::AccDataType,
+                               typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<{F_dtype}>::VGradDataType,
+                               false, false>>;
+
+using fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_kernel_{F_idx} =
+    ck_tile::FmhaBwdDQDKDVKernel<ck_tile::FmhaBwdTilePartitioner<fmha_bwd_shape_{F_idx}>,
+                        fmha_bwd_pipeline_{F_idx},
+                        fmha_bwd_dk_epilogue_{F_idx},
+                        fmha_bwd_dv_epilogue_{F_idx}>;
+
+using dq_dk_dv_trait_{F_idx} = fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_traits_<{F_hdim}, {F_dtype}, {F_mode}, {F_pipeline_enum}, fmha_mask_{F_idx}, {F_bias}, {F_dbias}, {F_dropout}, {F_spad}, {F_skpad}, {F_dpad}, {F_dvpad}>;
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+template<>
+float fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_<dq_dk_dv_trait_{F_idx}>(const ck_tile::stream_config& s, fmha_bwd_args a)
+{{
+    using k_ = fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_kernel_{F_idx};
+    if(s.log_level_ > 0)
+        std::cout << ", " << k_::GetName() << std::flush;
+    auto [kargs, grids] = fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_create_kargs_and_grids<k_>(a);
+    constexpr dim3 blocks             = k_::BlockSize();
+    constexpr ck_tile::index_t kBlockPerCu = k_::kBlockPerCu;
+    return ck_tile::launch_kernel(s, ck_tile::make_kernel<blocks.x, kBlockPerCu>(k_{{}}, grids, blocks, 0, kargs));
+}}
+
+template<>
+void fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_oneshot_<dq_dk_dv_trait_{F_idx}>(const ck_tile::stream_config& s, fmha_bwd_args a)
+{{
+    using k_ = fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_kernel_{F_idx};
+    auto [kargs, grids] = fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_create_kargs_and_grids<k_>(a);
+    constexpr dim3 blocks             = k_::BlockSize();
+    constexpr ck_tile::index_t kBlockPerCu = k_::kBlockPerCu;
+    ck_tile::make_kernel<blocks.x, kBlockPerCu>(k_{{}}, grids, blocks, 0, kargs)(ck_tile::stream_config{{s.stream_id_}});
+}}
+
+template<>
+std::string fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_get_name_<dq_dk_dv_trait_{F_idx}>()
+{{
+    using k_ = fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_kernel_{F_idx};
+    return k_::GetName();
+}}
+"""
+
+FMHA_BWD_API_FILENAME="fmha_bwd_api.cpp"
+FMHA_BWD_API="""
+#include <iostream>
+
+template<typename dot_do_o_trait_, typename dq_dk_dv_trait_>
+float fmha_bwd_(const ck_tile::stream_config& s, fmha_bwd_args a)
+{{
+    if(s.log_level_ > 0)
+        std::cout << ", " << fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_get_name_<dot_do_o_trait_>() << ", " << fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_get_name_<dq_dk_dv_trait_>() << std::flush;
+    return ck_tile::launch_kernel(s,
+            [=](const ck_tile::stream_config& s_){{ fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_oneshot_<dot_do_o_trait_>(s_, a); }},
+            [=](const ck_tile::stream_config& s_){{ fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_oneshot_<dq_dk_dv_trait_>(s_, a); }}
+    );
+}}
+
+float fmha_bwd(fmha_bwd_traits t, fmha_bwd_args a, const ck_tile::stream_config& s){{
+    float r = -1;
+{F_dispatch}
+    return r;
+}}
+"""
+
+FMHA_BWD_API_PER_DTYPE="""    {F_if}(t.data_type.compare(\"{F_dtype}\") == 0){{
+{F_hdim_case}
+    }}
+"""
+FMHA_BWD_API_PER_HDIM_CASE="""        {F_if} (t.hdim_q <= {F_hdim} && t.hdim_v <= {F_hdim}) {{
+{F_inner_dispatch}
+        }}
+"""
+
+FMHA_BWD_API_INNER_DISPATCH="""            {F_if}((t.is_group_mode == {F_mode}) && ({F_mask_check}) && (t.bias_type == {F_bias_check}) && (t.has_dbias == {F_dbias}) && (t.has_dropout == {F_dropout}) &&
+                        ({F_scheck}) && ({F_skcheck}) && ({F_dcheck}) && ({F_dvcheck})) {{
+                using dq_dk_dv_trait_ = fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_traits_<{F_hdim}, {F_dtype}, {F_mode}, {F_pipeline_enum}, {F_mask}, {F_bias}, {F_dbias}, {F_dropout}, {F_spad0}, {F_skpad}, {F_dpad}, {F_dvpad}>;
+                using dot_do_o_trait_ = fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_traits_<{F_hdim}, {F_dtype}, {F_mode}, {F_spad1}, {F_dvpad}>;
+                r = fmha_bwd_<dot_do_o_trait_, dq_dk_dv_trait_>(s, a);
+                return r;
+            }}
+"""
+
+@dataclass
+class FmhaBwdDQDKDVApiTrait:
+    pipeline  : str
+    # sync with fmha_bwd_traits<>, to generate fallback calls
+    hdim      : str
+    dtype     : str  # data type
+    mode      : str  # value from MODE_MAP
+    bm0       : int  # tile size along q seqlen (block size)
+    bn0       : int  # tile size along k seqlen
+    bhdq      : int  # q head_dim
+    bhdv      : int  # v head_dim
+    mask      : str
+    bias      : str
+    dbias     : str
+    dropout   : str
+    spad      : str
+    skpad     : str
+    dpad      : str
+    dvpad     : str
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return f'{self.pipeline}-{self.hdim}-{self.dtype}-{self.mode}-{self.mask}-{self.bias}-{self.dbias}-{self.dropout}-{self.spad}-{self.skpad}-{self.dpad}-{self.dvpad}'
+
+    def scheck(self, spad1 : str) -> str:
+        if self.mode == 'group':
+            return 'true' # always support
+        elif self.spad == 't' and spad1 == 't':
+            return f'a.seqlen_q % {self.bm0} != 0'
+        elif self.spad == 'f' and spad1 == 't':
+            return f'a.seqlen_q % {self.bm0} == 0 and a.seqlen_q % 256 != 0' # BlockSize
+        else: # self.skpad == 'f' and skpad1 == 'f'
+            return f'a.seqlen_q % 256 == 0' # BlockSize
+
+    @property
+    def skcheck(self) -> str:
+        if self.mode == 'group':
+            return 'true' # always support
+        elif self.skpad == 't':
+            return f'a.seqlen_k % {self.bn0} != 0'
+        else:
+            return f'a.seqlen_k % {self.bn0} == 0'
+
+    @property
+    def dcheck(self) -> str:
+        if self.dpad == 't': return f'a.hdim_q % {self.bhdq} != 0'
+        else :               return f'a.hdim_q % {self.bhdq} == 0'
+
+    @property
+    def dvcheck(self) -> str:
+        if self.dvpad == 't': return f'a.hdim_v % {self.bhdv} != 0'
+        else :                return f'a.hdim_v % {self.bhdv} == 0'
+
+class FmhaBwdApiPool:
+    def __init__(self, mask_impl):
+        self.dq_dk_dv_pool = dict()
+        self.mask_impl = mask_impl
+
+    def register_dq_dk_dv_traits(self, trait : FmhaBwdDQDKDVApiTrait) -> None:
+        # TODO: do we need to check duplication?
+        if trait.dtype not in self.dq_dk_dv_pool.keys():
+            self.dq_dk_dv_pool[trait.dtype] = dict()
+        if trait.hdim not in self.dq_dk_dv_pool[trait.dtype].keys():
+            self.dq_dk_dv_pool[trait.dtype][trait.hdim] = list()
+
+        self.dq_dk_dv_pool[trait.dtype][trait.hdim].append(copy.copy(trait))
+
+    @property
+    def api(self) -> str:
+        per_dtypes=str()
+        for i, dtype in enumerate(self.dq_dk_dv_pool.keys()):
+            per_hdim_case=str()
+            for j, hdim in enumerate(self.dq_dk_dv_pool[dtype].keys()):
+                traits=self.dq_dk_dv_pool[dtype][hdim]
+                inners=str()
+                for k, trait in enumerate(traits):
+                    if_k = 'if' if k == 0 else 'else if'
+                    for spad1 in ["t", "f"]:
+                        if ((spad1 == "f" and trait.spad == "t") or (trait.mode == "group" and spad1 == "f")):
+                            continue
+                        inners = inners + FMHA_BWD_API_INNER_DISPATCH.format(F_if=if_k, F_mode=MODE_MAP[trait.mode], F_mask=get_mask_map(self.mask_impl)[trait.mask], F_pipeline_enum=BWD_DQDKDV_PIPELINE_ENUM_MAP[trait.pipeline],
+                                    F_mask_check=get_mask_check_map(self.mask_impl)[trait.mask], F_bias_check=BIAS_CHECK_MAP[trait.bias], F_bias=BIAS_MAP[trait.bias], F_dbias=BOOL_MAP[trait.dbias], F_dropout=BOOL_MAP[trait.dropout],
+                                    F_scheck=trait.scheck(spad1=spad1), F_skcheck=trait.skcheck, F_dcheck=trait.dcheck, F_dvcheck=trait.dvcheck, F_hdim=hdim, F_dtype=DTYPE_MAP[dtype],
+                                    F_spad0=BOOL_MAP[trait.spad], F_spad1=BOOL_MAP[spad1], F_skpad=BOOL_MAP[trait.skpad], F_dpad=BOOL_MAP[trait.dpad], F_dvpad=BOOL_MAP[trait.dvpad])
+
+                if_j = 'if' if j == 0 else 'else if'
+                per_hdim_case = per_hdim_case + FMHA_BWD_API_PER_HDIM_CASE.format(F_if=if_j, F_hdim=hdim, F_inner_dispatch=inners)
+            if_i = 'if' if i == 0 else 'else if'
+            per_dtypes = per_dtypes + FMHA_BWD_API_PER_DTYPE.format(F_if=if_i, F_dtype=dtype, F_hdim_case=per_hdim_case)
+
+        return FMHA_BWD_KERNEL_HEADER + FMHA_BWD_API.format(F_dispatch = per_dtypes)
+
+# GEMM0: Q@K=S^T
+# GEMM1: P^T@dO^T=dV(This was chosen as G1 to match fwd, but N1 must be equal to headdim_v)
+# GEMM2: dO@V=dP^T(This was chosen as G2 because of the calculation order)
+# GEMM3: dS^T@Q^T=dK(Similar to G1, but N3 must be equal to headdim_qk)
+# GEMM4: dS@K^T=dQ(N4 must be equal to headdim_qk)
+# Is it necessary to distinguish between K0~K4?
+@dataclass
+class FmhaBwdDQDKDVTileSize:
+    F_bm0       : int  # tile size along q seqlen (block size)
+    F_bn0       : int  # tile size along k seqlen
+    F_bk0       : int  # tile size along gemm0 unroll(F_bhdq)
+    F_bk1       : int  # tile size along gemm1 unroll(F_bm0)
+    F_bk2       : int  # tile size along gemm2 unroll(F_bhdv)
+    F_bk3       : int  # tile size along gemm3 unroll(F_bm0)
+    F_bk4       : int  # tile size along gemm4 unroll(F_bn0)
+    F_bhdq      : int  # q head_dim
+    F_bhdv      : int  # v head_dim
+    F_rm0       : int  # number of warps along q seqlen (block warps) in gemm0/gemm2
+    F_rn0       : int  # number of warps along k seqlen (block warps) in gemm0/gemm2
+    F_rk0       : int  # number of warps along gemm-k (not used) in gemm0/gemm2
+    F_rm1       : int  # number of warps along k seqlen (block warps) in gemm1/gemm3
+    F_rn1       : int  # number of warps along q seqlen (block warps) in gemm1/gemm3
+    F_rk1       : int  # number of warps along gemm-k (not used) in gemm1/gemm3
+    F_rm2       : int  # number of warps along k seqlen (block warps) in gemm4
+    F_rn2       : int  # number of warps along q seqlen (block warps) in gemm4
+    F_rk2       : int  # number of warps along gemm-k (not used) in gemm4
+    F_wm        : int  # warp size along m (warp size)
+    F_wn        : int  # warp size along n
+    F_wk        : int  # warp size along k
+    F_occupancy : int  # occupancy
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return f"b{self.F_bm0}x{self.F_bn0}x{self.F_bk0}x{self.F_bk1}x{self.F_bk2}x{self.F_bk3}x{self.F_bk4}x{self.F_bhdq}x{self.F_bhdv}" +\
+        f"_r{self.F_rm0}x{self.F_rn0}x{self.F_rk0}_r{self.F_rm1}x{self.F_rn1}x{self.F_rk1}_r{self.F_rm2}x{self.F_rn2}x{self.F_rk2}" +\
+        f"_w{self.F_wm}x{self.F_wn}x{self.F_wk}_o{self.F_occupancy}"
+
+@dataclass
+class FmhaBwdDQDKDVKernel:
+    direction   : str
+    F_idx       : int  # this is not a tunable, but a counter to differentiate symbol
+    F_hdim      : int  # hdim
+    F_dtype     : str  # data type
+    F_tile      : FmhaBwdDQDKDVTileSize
+    F_spad      : str  # true/false
+    F_skpad     : str  #
+    F_dpad      : str  #
+    F_dvpad     : str  #
+    F_bias      : str  #
+    F_dbias     : str  #
+    F_dropout   : str  #
+    F_mask      : str  # value from MASK_MAP
+    F_mode      : str  # value from MODE_MAP
+    F_pipeline  : str
+    mask_impl   : str
+
+    @property
+    def template(self) -> str:
+        return FMHA_BWD_KERNEL_HEADER + \
+            FMHA_BWD_DQ_DK_DV_KERNEL_BODY.format(
+                F_idx       = self.F_idx,
+                F_hdim      = self.F_hdim,
+                F_dtype     = DTYPE_MAP[self.F_dtype],
+                F_bm0       = self.F_tile.F_bm0,
+                F_bn0       = self.F_tile.F_bn0,
+                F_bk0       = self.F_tile.F_bk0,
+                F_bk1       = self.F_tile.F_bk1,
+                F_bk2       = self.F_tile.F_bk2,
+                F_bk3       = self.F_tile.F_bk3,
+                F_bk4       = self.F_tile.F_bk4,
+                F_bhdq      = self.F_tile.F_bhdq,
+                F_bhdv      = self.F_tile.F_bhdv,
+                F_rm0       = self.F_tile.F_rm0,
+                F_rn0       = self.F_tile.F_rn0,
+                F_rk0       = self.F_tile.F_rk0,
+                F_rm1       = self.F_tile.F_rm1,
+                F_rn1       = self.F_tile.F_rn1,
+                F_rk1       = self.F_tile.F_rk1,
+                F_rm2       = self.F_tile.F_rm2,
+                F_rn2       = self.F_tile.F_rn2,
+                F_rk2       = self.F_tile.F_rk2,
+                F_wm        = self.F_tile.F_wm,
+                F_wn        = self.F_tile.F_wn,
+                F_wk        = self.F_tile.F_wk,
+                F_spad      = BOOL_MAP[self.F_spad],
+                F_skpad     = BOOL_MAP[self.F_skpad],
+                F_dpad      = BOOL_MAP[self.F_dpad],
+                F_dvpad     = BOOL_MAP[self.F_dvpad],
+                F_bias      = BIAS_MAP[self.F_bias],
+                F_dbias     = BOOL_MAP[self.F_dbias],
+                F_dropout   = BOOL_MAP[self.F_dropout],
+                F_occupancy = self.F_tile.F_occupancy,
+                F_mask      = get_mask_map(self.mask_impl)[self.F_mask],
+                F_mode      = MODE_MAP[self.F_mode],
+                F_pipeline_enum = BWD_DQDKDV_PIPELINE_ENUM_MAP[self.F_pipeline],
+                F_pipeline  = BWD_DQDKDV_PIPELINE_MAP[self.F_pipeline])
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        def pad_name() -> str:
+            n = ''
+            if self.F_spad == 't': n += 's'
+            if self.F_skpad == 't' : n += 'sk'
+            if self.F_dpad == 't' : n += 'd'
+            if self.F_dvpad == 't' : n += 'dv'
+            if n != '' : n = 'p' + n
+            return n
+        pn = pad_name()
+        n = f"fmha_{self.direction}_d{self.F_hdim}_{self.F_dtype}_{self.F_mode}_" + self.F_tile.name
+        if pn != '' : n += f'_{pn}'
+        if self.F_bias != 'no' : n += f'_{self.F_bias}'
+        if self.F_dbias == 't' : n += '_dbias'
+        if self.F_mask[0:2] == 's_':
+            if self.F_mask == 's_mask': n += f'_mask'
+        else:
+            if self.F_mask != 'no' : n += f'_m{self.F_mask[0]}'
+        if self.F_dropout == 't' : n += '_dropout'
+        return n
+
+    @property
+    def filename(self) -> str:
+        return self.name + ".cpp"
+
+    def api_trait(self) -> FmhaBwdDQDKDVApiTrait:
+        return FmhaBwdDQDKDVApiTrait(pipeline=self.F_pipeline,
+                hdim=str(self.F_hdim),
+                dtype=self.F_dtype,
+                mode=self.F_mode,
+                bm0=self.F_tile.F_bm0,
+                bn0=self.F_tile.F_bn0,
+                bhdq=self.F_tile.F_bhdq,
+                bhdv=self.F_tile.F_bhdv,
+                mask=self.F_mask,
+                bias=self.F_bias,
+                dbias=self.F_dbias,
+                dropout=self.F_dropout,
+                spad=self.F_spad,
+                skpad=self.F_skpad,
+                dpad=self.F_dpad,
+                dvpad=self.F_dvpad)
+
+# TODO: design a more practical way to do it
+# this is current supported tile size & pipeline.
+def get_fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_tile_ppl_dict_from_dtype(direction : str, dtype : str) -> Optional[dict]:
+    if direction == 'bwd':
+        if dtype == 'fp16' or dtype == 'bf16':
+            return {
+                '32'  : [FmhaBwdDQDKDVTileSize(128, 128, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32,  32,  32, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 32, 32, 16, 1),
+                         "qs_ks_vr_dos"],
+                '64'  : [FmhaBwdDQDKDVTileSize( 64, 128, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32,  64,  64, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 32, 32, 16, 1),
+                         "qs_ks_vr_dos"],
+                '128' : [FmhaBwdDQDKDVTileSize( 64, 128, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32, 128, 128, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 32, 32, 16, 1),
+                         "ks_vr"]
+            }
+        else:
+            return None
+    else:
+        return None
+
+def get_bwd_dq_dk_dv_blobs(kernel_filter : Optional[str], receipt, mask_impl) -> Tuple[FmhaBwdApiPool, List[FmhaBwdDQDKDVKernel]]:
+    # TODO: we don't support tuning yet, so pick up one value for pad
+    #       support this in future
+    gen = list()
+    api_pool = FmhaBwdApiPool(mask_impl)
+
+    for direction, dtype in itertools.product(["bwd"], DTYPE_MAP.keys()):
+        d = get_fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_tile_ppl_dict_from_dtype(direction, dtype)
+        if d == None:
+            continue
+        for hdim_str, mode, mask, bias, dbias, dropout, spad, skpad, dpad, dvpad in itertools.product(d.keys(), MODE_MAP.keys(), get_mask_map(mask_impl).keys(), BIAS_MAP.keys(), ["t", "f"], ["t", "f"], ["t", "f"], ["t", "f"], ["t", "f"], ["t", "f"]):
+            tile = d[hdim_str][0]
+            ppl = d[hdim_str][1]
+            hdim = int(hdim_str)
+            if (mode == "group") and (spad == "f" or skpad == "f"):
+                continue
+            if ((bias == "no" or bias == "alibi") and dbias == "t"):
+                continue
+            k = FmhaBwdDQDKDVKernel(direction=direction, F_idx=0, F_hdim=hdim, F_dtype=dtype, F_tile=tile,
+                                F_spad=spad, F_skpad=skpad, F_dpad=dpad, F_dvpad=dvpad,
+                                F_bias=bias, F_dbias=dbias, F_dropout=dropout, F_mask=mask, F_mode=mode,
+                                F_pipeline=ppl, mask_impl=mask_impl)
+            if kernel_filter != None:
+                if not fnmatch.fnmatch(k.name, kernel_filter):
+                    continue
+            if receipt == 2:
+                    cond = dtype in ['fp16', 'bf16']
+                    cond &= bias in ['no', 'alibi']
+                    if not cond:
+                        continue
+            api_pool.register_dq_dk_dv_traits(k.api_trait())
+            gen.append(k)
+
+    return (api_pool, gen)
+
+FMHA_BWD_DOT_DO_O_KERNEL_BODY="""
+using fmha_dtype_{F_idx} = {F_dtype};
+
+using fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_trait_{F_idx} = ck_tile::TileFmhaBwdOGradDotOTraits<{F_spad},
+                                                    {F_dvpad},
+                                                    {F_occupancy}>;
+
+using fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_pipeline_problem_{F_idx} = ck_tile::BlockFmhaBwdOGradDotOPipelineProblem<
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::ODataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::OGradDataType,
+    typename FmhaBwdTypeConfig<fmha_dtype_{F_idx}>::DDataType,
+    /* BlockSize = */ 256,
+    {F_hdim},
+    {F_mode},
+    fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_trait_{F_idx}>;
+
+using fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_{F_idx} = typename ck_tile::BlockFmhaBwdOGradDotO<
+    fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_pipeline_problem_{F_idx}>;
+
+using fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_kernel_{F_idx} =
+    ck_tile::FmhaBwdOGradDotOKernel<ck_tile::FmhaBwdOGradDotOTilePartitioner</* BlockSize = */ 256>,
+                                    fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_{F_idx}>;
+
+using dot_do_o_trait_{F_idx} = fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_traits_<{F_hdim}, {F_dtype}, {F_mode}, {F_spad}, {F_dvpad}>;
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+template<>
+float fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_<dot_do_o_trait_{F_idx}>(const ck_tile::stream_config& s, fmha_bwd_args a)
+{{
+    using k_ = fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_kernel_{F_idx};
+    if(s.log_level_ > 0)
+        std::cout << ", " << k_::GetName() << std::flush;
+    auto [kargs, grids] = fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_create_kargs_and_grids<k_>(a);
+    constexpr dim3 blocks             = k_::BlockSize();
+    constexpr ck_tile::index_t kBlockPerCu = k_::kBlockPerCu;
+    return ck_tile::launch_kernel(s, ck_tile::make_kernel<blocks.x, kBlockPerCu>(k_{{}}, grids, blocks, 0, kargs));
+}}
+
+template<>
+void fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_oneshot_<dot_do_o_trait_{F_idx}>(const ck_tile::stream_config& s, fmha_bwd_args a)
+{{
+    using k_ = fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_kernel_{F_idx};
+    auto [kargs, grids] = fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_create_kargs_and_grids<k_>(a);
+    constexpr dim3 blocks             = k_::BlockSize();
+    constexpr ck_tile::index_t kBlockPerCu = k_::kBlockPerCu;
+    ck_tile::make_kernel<blocks.x, kBlockPerCu>(k_{{}}, grids, blocks, 0, kargs)(ck_tile::stream_config{{s.stream_id_}});
+}}
+
+template<>
+std::string fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_get_name_<dot_do_o_trait_{F_idx}>()
+{{
+    using k_ = fmha_bwd_dot_do_o_kernel_{F_idx};
+    return k_::GetName();
+}}
+"""
+
+@dataclass
+class FmhaBwdOGradDotOKernel:
+    direction   : str
+    F_idx       : int  # this is not a tunable, but a counter to differentiate symbol
+    F_hdim      : int  # hdim
+    F_dtype     : str  # data type
+    F_spad      : str  # true/false
+    F_dvpad     : str  #
+    F_mode      : str  # value from MODE_MAP
+    F_occupancy : int
+
+    @property
+    def template(self) -> str:
+        return FMHA_BWD_KERNEL_HEADER + \
+            FMHA_BWD_DOT_DO_O_KERNEL_BODY.format(
+                F_idx       = self.F_idx,
+                F_hdim      = self.F_hdim,
+                F_dtype     = DTYPE_MAP[self.F_dtype],
+                F_spad      = BOOL_MAP[self.F_spad],
+                F_dvpad     = BOOL_MAP[self.F_dvpad],
+                F_mode      = MODE_MAP[self.F_mode],
+                F_occupancy = self.F_occupancy)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        def pad_name() -> str:
+            n = ''
+            if self.F_spad == 't': n += 's'
+            if self.F_dvpad == 't' : n += 'dv'
+            if n != '' : n = 'p' + n
+            return n
+        pn = pad_name()
+        n = f"fmha_{self.direction}_d{self.F_hdim}_{self.F_dtype}_{self.F_mode}_o{self.F_occupancy}"
+        if pn != '' : n += f'_{pn}'
+        return n
+
+    @property
+    def filename(self) -> str:
+        return self.name + ".cpp"
+
+def get_bwd_dot_do_o_blobs() -> List[FmhaBwdOGradDotOKernel]:
+    # TODO: we don't support tuning yet, so pick up one value for pad/occupancy
+    #       support this in future
+    def get_occupancy(dtype, hdim):
+        return 2
+
+    gen = list()
+
+    for direction, dtype in itertools.product(["bwd"], DTYPE_MAP.keys()):
+        d = get_fmha_bwd_dq_dk_dv_tile_ppl_dict_from_dtype(direction, dtype)
+        if d == None:
+            continue
+        for hdim_str, mode, spad, dvpad in itertools.product(d.keys(), MODE_MAP.keys(), ["t", "f"], ["t", "f"]):
+            hdim = int(hdim_str)
+            if (mode == "group" and spad == "f"):
+                continue
+            k = FmhaBwdOGradDotOKernel(direction=direction+"_dot_do_o", F_idx=0, F_hdim=hdim, F_dtype=dtype,
+                                F_spad=spad, F_dvpad=dvpad, F_mode=mode,
+                                F_occupancy=get_occupancy(dtype, hdim))
+            gen.append(k)
+
+    return gen
+
+def write_single_fwd_kernel(kernel: FmhaFwdKernel, autogen_dir: Path) -> None:
     (autogen_dir / kernel.filename).write_text(kernel.template)
 
-def write_api(api_pool : FmhaFwdApiPool, autogen_dir: Path) -> None:
+def write_fwd_api(api_pool : FmhaFwdApiPool, autogen_dir: Path) -> None:
     (autogen_dir / FMHA_FWD_API_FILENAME).write_text(api_pool.api)
 
-def write_blobs(output_dir : Optional[str], kernel_filter : Optional[str], receipt, mask_impl) -> None:
+def write_single_bwd_dq_dk_dv_kernel(kernel: FmhaBwdDQDKDVKernel, autogen_dir: Path) -> None:
+    (autogen_dir / kernel.filename).write_text(kernel.template)
+
+def write_single_bwd_dot_do_o_kernel(kernel: FmhaBwdOGradDotOKernel, autogen_dir: Path) -> None:
+    (autogen_dir / kernel.filename).write_text(kernel.template)
+
+def write_bwd_api(api_pool : FmhaBwdApiPool, autogen_dir: Path) -> None:
+    (autogen_dir / FMHA_BWD_API_FILENAME).write_text(api_pool.api)
+
+def write_blobs(output_dir: Optional[str], direction: str, kernel_filter : Optional[str], receipt, mask_impl) -> None:
     if output_dir is None:
         output_dir = Path(__file__).parent
     else:
         output_dir = Path(output_dir) / GEN_DIR
 
     output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    api_pool, kernels = get_blobs(kernel_filter, receipt, mask_impl)
-    for kernel in kernels:
-        write_single_kernel(kernel, output_dir)
-    write_api(api_pool, output_dir)
+    if direction == 'fwd':
+        api_pool, kernels = get_fwd_blobs(kernel_filter, receipt, mask_impl)
+        for kernel in kernels:
+            write_single_fwd_kernel(kernel, output_dir)
+        write_fwd_api(api_pool, output_dir)
+    else:
+        kernels = get_bwd_dot_do_o_blobs()
+        for kernel in kernels:
+            write_single_bwd_dot_do_o_kernel(kernel, output_dir)
+        api_pool, kernels = get_bwd_dq_dk_dv_blobs(kernel_filter, receipt, mask_impl)
+        for kernel in kernels:
+            write_single_bwd_dq_dk_dv_kernel(kernel, output_dir)
+        write_bwd_api(api_pool, output_dir)
 
 # list all the files that will be generated
-def list_blobs(output_file : Optional[str], kernel_filter : Optional[str], receipt, mask_impl) -> None:
+def list_blobs(output_file : Optional[str], direction : str, kernel_filter : Optional[str], receipt, mask_impl) -> None:
     assert output_file is not None
     file_path = Path(output_file)
     with file_path.open('a') as f:
-        _, kernels = get_blobs(kernel_filter, receipt, mask_impl)
-        for kernel in kernels:
-            f.write(str(file_path.parent / GEN_DIR / kernel.filename) + "\n")
-        f.write(str(file_path.parent / GEN_DIR / FMHA_FWD_API_FILENAME) + "\n")
+        if direction == 'fwd':
+            _, kernels = get_fwd_blobs(kernel_filter, receipt, mask_impl)
+            for kernel in kernels:
+                f.write(str(file_path.parent / GEN_DIR / kernel.filename) + "\n")
+            f.write(str(file_path.parent / GEN_DIR / FMHA_FWD_API_FILENAME) + "\n")
+        else:
+            kernels = get_bwd_dot_do_o_blobs()
+            for kernel in kernels:
+                f.write(str(file_path.parent / GEN_DIR / kernel.filename) + "\n")
+            _, kernels = get_bwd_dq_dk_dv_blobs(kernel_filter, receipt, mask_impl)
+            for kernel in kernels:
+                f.write(str(file_path.parent / GEN_DIR / kernel.filename) + "\n")
+            f.write(str(file_path.parent / GEN_DIR / FMHA_BWD_API_FILENAME) + "\n")
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         prog="generate",
         description="gen api for CK fmha kernel",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-d",
+        "--direction",
+        default='fwd',
+        choices=['fwd', 'bwd'],
+        required=False,
+        help="choose the direction of kernels(default: fwd)"
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-o",
         "--output_dir",
@@ -611,11 +1246,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         default=0,
         required=False,
         help="codegen receipt. 0: generate only 8xhdim coverage\n"  + \
-             "  1: generate more instance to cover all hdim"
+             "  1: generate more instance to cover all hdim\n"  + \
+             "  2: Only generate instance for Flash attention integration"
     )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
     if args.list_blobs is not None:
-        list_blobs(args.list_blobs, args.filter, args.receipt, mask_impl=args.mask)
+        list_blobs(args.list_blobs, args.direction, args.filter, int(args.receipt), mask_impl=args.mask)
     else:
-        write_blobs(args.output_dir, args.filter, args.receipt, mask_impl=args.mask)
+        write_blobs(args.output_dir, args.direction, args.filter, int(args.receipt), mask_impl=args.mask)

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/script/benchmark_bwd.sh

+#!/bin/sh
+# TODO: run this script from CK root
+BUILD=build
+EXE=$BUILD/bin/tile_example_fmha_bwd
+VALID=0
+
+for prec in "fp16" "bf16" ; do
+for perm in 0 1 ; do
+for hdim in 32 64 128 ; do
+
+nhead=$((2048 / $hdim))     # follow fav2 setup
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=32 -h=$nhead -d=$hdim -s=512   -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -kname=1 -v=$VALID ; sleep 3
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=16 -h=$nhead -d=$hdim -s=1024  -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -kname=1 -v=$VALID ; sleep 3
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=8  -h=$nhead -d=$hdim -s=2048  -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -kname=1 -v=$VALID ; sleep 3
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=4  -h=$nhead -d=$hdim -s=4096  -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -kname=1 -v=$VALID ; sleep 3
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=2  -h=$nhead -d=$hdim -s=8192  -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -kname=1 -v=$VALID ; sleep 3
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=1  -h=$nhead -d=$hdim -s=16384 -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -kname=1 -v=$VALID ; sleep 3
+
+done
+done
+done

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/script/smoke_test_bwd.sh

+#!/bin/sh
+# TODO: run this script from CK root
+BUILD=build
+EXE=$BUILD/bin/tile_example_fmha_bwd
+KNAME=1
+
+export CK_WARMUP=0
+export CK_REPEAT=1
+
+COMMON_ARGS='-v=1'
+
+for prec in "fp16" "bf16" ; do
+for perm in 0 1 ; do
+for hdim in 32 64 128 ; do
+for mode in 0 1 ; do
+for bias in "n" "e" "a"; do
+for dbias in 0 1 ; do
+for p_drop in 0.0 0.2; do
+
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=1 -h=4 -h_k=2 -d=$hdim -s=259 -bias=$bias -dbias=$dbias -p_drop=$p_drop -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -v=1 -mode=$mode -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=2 -h=2 -d=$hdim -s=516 -s_k=253 -bias=$bias -dbias=$dbias -p_drop=$p_drop -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -v=1 -mode=$mode -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=1 -h=4 -h_k=1 -d=$hdim -s=500 -s_k=251 -bias=$bias -dbias=$dbias -p_drop=$p_drop -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=1 -v=1 -mode=$mode -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=1 -h=2 -d=$hdim -s=900 -s_k=258 -bias=$bias -dbias=$dbias -p_drop=$p_drop -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=2 -v=1 -mode=$mode -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=2 -h=1 -d=$hdim -s=987 -s_k=219 -bias=$bias -dbias=$dbias -p_drop=$p_drop -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=t:128,30 -v=1 -mode=$mode -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -b=2 -h=3 -h_k=1 -d=$hdim -s=244 -s_k=499 -bias=$bias -dbias=$dbias -p_drop=$p_drop -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=b:4,35 -v=1 -mode=$mode -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+
+done
+done
+done
+done
+done
+done
+done

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/script/smoke_test.sh → example/ck_tile/01_fmha/script/smoke_test_fwd.sh

@@ -17,17 +17,19 @@ for perm in 0 1 ; do
 for vlayout in "r" "c" ; do
 for hdim in 32 64 128 256 ; do
 for lse in 0 1 ; do
-for bias in "n" "e" "a"; do
+for bias in "n" "e" "a" ; do
+for p_drop in 0.0 0.2; do
 
-# $EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=1 -h=1 -d=$hdim -s=1024 -bias=$bias -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
-$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=2 -h=2 -h_k=1 -d=16, -d_v=$hdim -s=55 -s_k=256 -bias=$bias -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
-$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=1 -h=3 -d=$hdim -s=100 -s_k=51 -bias=$bias -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
-$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=2 -h=1 -d=16 -d_v=$hdim -s=99 -s_k=256 -bias=$bias -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=1 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
-$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=1 -h=2 -h_k=1 -d=$hdim -s=1024 -s_k=256 -bias=$bias -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=2 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
-$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=2 -h=1 -d=$hdim -d_v=24 -s=3 -s_k=99 -bias=$bias -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=2 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
-$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=3 -h=2 -h_k=1 -d=$hdim -s=200 -s_k=520 -bias=$bias -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=t:128,30 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
-$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=2 -h=1 -d=$hdim -s=99 -s_k=32 -bias=$bias -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=b:4,35 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
-$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=1 -h=2 -h_k=1 -d=$hdim -s=33 -s_k=0 -bias=$bias -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=2 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+# $EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=1 -h=1 -d=$hdim -s=1024 -bias=$bias -p_drop=$p_drop -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=2 -h=2 -h_k=1 -d=16, -d_v=$hdim -s=55 -s_k=256 -bias=$bias -p_drop=$p_drop -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=1 -h=3 -d=$hdim -s=100 -s_k=51 -bias=$bias -p_drop=$p_drop -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=2 -h=1 -d=16 -d_v=$hdim -s=99 -s_k=256 -bias=$bias -p_drop=$p_drop -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=1 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=1 -h=2 -h_k=1 -d=$hdim -s=1024 -s_k=256 -bias=$bias -p_drop=$p_drop -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=2 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=2 -h=1 -d=$hdim -d_v=24 -s=3 -s_k=99 -bias=$bias -p_drop=$p_drop -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=2 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=3 -h=2 -h_k=1 -d=$hdim -s=200 -s_k=520 -bias=$bias -p_drop=$p_drop -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=t:128,30 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=2 -h=1 -d=$hdim -s=99 -s_k=32 -bias=$bias -p_drop=$p_drop -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=b:4,35 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=1 -h=2 -h_k=1 -d=$hdim -s=33 -s_k=0 -bias=$bias -p_drop=$p_drop -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=2 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
+$EXE -prec=$prec -mode=$mode -b=1 -h=2 -h_k=1 -d=$hdim -s=1 -s_k=10 -s_kpad=32 -bias=$bias -lse=$lse -iperm=$perm -operm=$perm -mask=2 -vlayout=$vlayout -kname=$KNAME $COMMON_ARGS
 
 done
 done
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ done
 done
 done
 done
+done
 
 for perm in 0 1 ; do
 for bias in "n" "e" "a" ; do

example/ck_tile/01_fmha/utils.hpp

@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <optional>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 #include <functional>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "ck_tile/core/container/span.hpp"
 
@@ -37,12 +39,14 @@ std::vector<int32_t> to_seqstarts(ck_tile::span<const int32_t> seqlens)
 
 std::vector<int32_t> generate_seqlens(mode_enum mode,
                                       unsigned count,
-                                      int32_t seqlens_sum,
+                                      int32_t seqlen_avg,
+                                      int32_t seqlen_max = -1, // if not negative, clamp max
                                       std::optional<unsigned> seed = std::nullopt)
 {
     assert(0 < count);
 
-    std::vector<int32_t> seqlens(count, seqlens_sum);
+    std::vector<int32_t> seqlens(
+        count, seqlen_max > 0 ? (seqlen_avg < seqlen_max ? seqlen_avg : seqlen_max) : seqlen_avg);
 
     if(mode == mode_enum::group && 1 < count)
     {
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ std::vector<int32_t> generate_seqlens(mode_enum mode,
         std::uniform_int_distribution<size_type> step_dist(1, count - 1);
         auto next_step = std::bind(step_dist, std::ref(random_engine));
 
-        for(unsigned repeat = seqlens_sum * (count / 2); 0 < repeat; --repeat)
+        for(unsigned repeat = seqlen_avg * (count / 2); 0 < repeat; --repeat)
         {
             const size_type to_decrease = next_idx();
             // make sure each elements of seqlens is always greater than 0
@@ -66,6 +70,11 @@ std::vector<int32_t> generate_seqlens(mode_enum mode,
 
             const size_type to_increase = (to_decrease + next_step()) % count;
 
+            if(seqlen_max > 0 && seqlens[to_increase] >= seqlen_max)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             --seqlens[to_decrease];
             ++seqlens[to_increase];
         }
@@ -76,10 +85,91 @@ std::vector<int32_t> generate_seqlens(mode_enum mode,
 
 std::vector<int32_t> generate_seqstarts(mode_enum mode,
                                         unsigned count,
-                                        int32_t seqlens_sum,
+                                        int32_t seqlen_avg,
+                                        int32_t seqlen_max           = -1,
                                         std::optional<unsigned> seed = std::nullopt)
 {
-    return to_seqstarts(generate_seqlens(mode, count, seqlens_sum, seed));
+    return to_seqstarts(generate_seqlens(mode, count, seqlen_avg, seqlen_max, seed));
+}
+
+/*
+ * decode the seqlen string from cmdline
+ * example (assume batch=3)
+ *   q_val=1,2,3 k_val=4,5,6 -> OK
+ *   q_val=1,2,3             -> OK, k same as q
+ *   q_val=1,2               -> OK, q will rand remaining 1 element, k same as q
+ *   q_val=1,2   k_val=4,5   -> OK, q/k will rand remaining 1 element
+ *   q_val=1,2,3,4           -> OK, but ignore exceed one
+ *
+ *   q_val=1,2   k_val=4,5,6 -> not OK, k must have same splits with q
+ *   q_val=1,2   k_val=4     -> not OK, k must have same splits with q
+ */
+std::tuple<std::vector<ck_tile::index_t>,
+           std::vector<ck_tile::index_t>,
+           std::vector<ck_tile::index_t>>
+decode_seqlen(mode_enum mode,
+              ck_tile::index_t batch,
+              std::string q_val,
+              std::string k_val,
+              std::string k_pad_val,
+              std::optional<unsigned> seed = std::nullopt)
+{
+#define _S2I_(str_) static_cast<ck_tile::index_t>(std::atoi((str_).c_str()))
+    if(mode == mode_enum::batch)
+    {
+        ck_tile::index_t q = _S2I_(q_val);
+        ck_tile::index_t k = _S2I_(k_val);
+        auto s_q           = std::vector<ck_tile::index_t>(batch, q);
+        auto s_k           = std::vector<ck_tile::index_t>(batch, k < 0 ? q : k);
+        auto s_kpad = std::vector<ck_tile::index_t>(batch, -1); // TODO: batch not support k_padding
+        return std::make_tuple(s_q, s_k, s_kpad);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ck_tile::index_t idx          = 0;
+        std::string::size_type pos_q  = 0;
+        std::string::size_type pos_k  = 0;
+        std::string::size_type pos_kp = 0;
+        std::vector<ck_tile::index_t> s_q;
+        std::vector<ck_tile::index_t> s_k;
+        std::vector<ck_tile::index_t> s_kpad;
+        while(true)
+        {
+            auto found_q  = q_val.find(',', pos_q);
+            auto found_k  = k_val.find(',', pos_k);
+            auto found_kp = k_pad_val.find(',', pos_kp);
+
+            ck_tile::index_t q = _S2I_(
+                q_val.substr(pos_q, found_q == std::string::npos ? found_q : found_q - pos_q));
+            ck_tile::index_t k = _S2I_(
+                k_val.substr(pos_k, found_k == std::string::npos ? found_k : found_k - pos_k));
+            ck_tile::index_t kp = _S2I_(k_pad_val.substr(
+                pos_kp, found_kp == std::string::npos ? found_kp : found_kp - pos_kp));
+
+            s_q.push_back(q);
+            s_k.push_back(k < 0 ? q : k);
+            s_kpad.push_back(kp);
+            idx++;
+            if(found_q == std::string::npos || idx >= batch)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            pos_q  = found_q + 1;
+            pos_k  = found_k == std::string::npos ? pos_k : found_k + 1;
+            pos_kp = found_kp == std::string::npos ? pos_kp : found_kp + 1;
+        }
+        if(idx < batch)
+        {
+            auto rem_q = generate_seqlens(mode, batch - idx, s_q.back(), s_kpad.back(), seed);
+            auto rem_k = generate_seqlens(mode, batch - idx, s_k.back(), s_kpad.back(), seed);
+
+            s_q.insert(s_q.end(), rem_q.begin(), rem_q.end());
+            s_k.insert(s_k.end(), rem_k.begin(), rem_k.end());
+            s_kpad.insert(s_kpad.end(), batch - idx, s_kpad.back());
+        }
+        return std::make_tuple(s_q, s_k, s_kpad);
+    }
+#undef _S2I_
 }
 
 int env_get_int(const char* var_name, int default_int)
@@ -87,6 +177,6 @@ int env_get_int(const char* var_name, int default_int)
     char* v = getenv(var_name);
     int r   = default_int;
     if(v)
-        r = atoi(v);
+        r = std::atoi(v);
     return r;
 }

include/ck/host_utility/flush_cache.hpp

@@ -104,20 +104,25 @@ inline void flush_icache()
     hip_check_error(hipGetLastError());
 }
 // if TimePrePress == false, return time does not include preprocess's time
-template <bool TimePreprocess, typename Args, typename F, typename PreProcessFunc>
+template <bool TimePreprocess,
+          typename GemmArgs,
+          typename... Args,
+          typename F,
+          typename PreProcessFunc>
 float launch_and_time_kernel_with_preprocess(const StreamConfig& stream_config,
                                              PreProcessFunc preprocess,
                                              F kernel,
                                              dim3 grid_dim,
                                              dim3 block_dim,
                                              std::size_t lds_byte,
-                                             Args& args)
+                                             GemmArgs& gemm_args,
+                                             Args... args)
 {
 #if CK_TIME_KERNEL
 #define MEDIAN 1
     if(stream_config.time_kernel_)
     {
-        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
+        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(CK_ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
         {
             printf("%s: grid_dim {%u, %u, %u}, block_dim {%u, %u, %u} \n",
                    __func__,
@@ -133,7 +138,7 @@ float launch_and_time_kernel_with_preprocess(const StreamConfig& stream_config,
         // warm up
         for(int i = 0; i < stream_config.cold_niters_; ++i)
         {
-            kernel<<<grid_dim, block_dim, lds_byte, stream_config.stream_id_>>>(args);
+            kernel<<<grid_dim, block_dim, lds_byte, stream_config.stream_id_>>>(gemm_args, args...);
             hip_check_error(hipGetLastError());
         }
 
@@ -142,7 +147,7 @@ float launch_and_time_kernel_with_preprocess(const StreamConfig& stream_config,
         {
             return 0.0;
         }
-        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
+        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(CK_ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
         {
             printf("Start running %d times...\n", nrepeat);
         }
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@ float launch_and_time_kernel_with_preprocess(const StreamConfig& stream_config,
                 preprocess();
             }
             // run real kernel
-            kernel<<<grid_dim, block_dim, lds_byte, stream_config.stream_id_>>>(args);
+            kernel<<<grid_dim, block_dim, lds_byte, stream_config.stream_id_>>>(gemm_args, args...);
             hip_check_error(hipGetLastError());
             // end real kernel
 
@@ -186,13 +191,13 @@ float launch_and_time_kernel_with_preprocess(const StreamConfig& stream_config,
             total_time += cur_time;
 #endif
 
-            if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
+            if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(CK_ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
             {
                 std::cout << "i: " << i << " cur_time: " << cur_time << std::endl;
 
-                printf("args.p_a_grid: %p, args.p_b_grid:%p\n",
-                       static_cast<const void*>(args.p_a_grid),
-                       static_cast<const void*>(args.p_b_grid));
+                printf("gemm_args.p_a_grid: %p, gemm_args.p_b_grid:%p\n",
+                       static_cast<const void*>(gemm_args.p_a_grid),
+                       static_cast<const void*>(gemm_args.p_b_grid));
             }
         }
 
@@ -216,13 +221,13 @@ float launch_and_time_kernel_with_preprocess(const StreamConfig& stream_config,
     else
     {
         preprocess();
-        kernel<<<grid_dim, block_dim, lds_byte, stream_config.stream_id_>>>(args);
+        kernel<<<grid_dim, block_dim, lds_byte, stream_config.stream_id_>>>(gemm_args, args...);
         hip_check_error(hipGetLastError());
 
         return 0;
     }
 #else
-    kernel<<<grid_dim, block_dim, lds_byte, stream_config.stream_id_>>>(args);
+    kernel<<<grid_dim, block_dim, lds_byte, stream_config.stream_id_>>>(gemm_args, args...);
     hip_check_error(hipGetLastError());
 
     return 0;

include/ck/host_utility/kernel_launch.hpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ float launch_and_time_kernel(const StreamConfig& stream_config,
 #if CK_TIME_KERNEL
     if(stream_config.time_kernel_)
     {
-        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
+        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(CK_ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
         {
             printf("%s: grid_dim {%u, %u, %u}, block_dim {%u, %u, %u} \n",
                    __func__,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ float launch_and_time_kernel(const StreamConfig& stream_config,
         }
 
         const int nrepeat = stream_config.nrepeat_;
-        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
+        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(CK_ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
         {
             printf("Start running %d times...\n", nrepeat);
         }
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ float launch_and_time_kernel_with_preprocess(const StreamConfig& stream_config,
 #if CK_TIME_KERNEL
     if(stream_config.time_kernel_)
     {
-        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
+        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(CK_ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
         {
             printf("%s: grid_dim {%u, %u, %u}, block_dim {%u, %u, %u} \n",
                    __func__,
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ float launch_and_time_kernel_with_preprocess(const StreamConfig& stream_config,
         }
 
         const int nrepeat = stream_config.nrepeat_;
-        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
+        if(ck::EnvIsEnabled(CK_ENV(CK_LOGGING)))
         {
             printf("Start running %d times...\n", nrepeat);
         }

include/ck/tensor_description/multi_index_transform.hpp

 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-// Copyright (c) 2018-2023, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
+// Copyright (c) 2018-2024, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
 
 #pragma once
 
@@ -1952,7 +1952,7 @@ struct Modulo
     }
 };
 
-template <typename LowLengths>
+template <typename LowLengths, bool ApplyModulo>
 struct Xor
 {
     using LowerIndex = MultiIndex<2>;
@@ -1981,8 +1981,15 @@ struct Xor
 
         idx_low(Number<0>{}) = idx_up[Number<0>{}];
 
-        idx_low(Number<1>{}) =
-            idx_up[Number<1>{}] ^ (idx_up[Number<0>{}] % up_lengths_[Number<1>{}]);
+        if constexpr(ApplyModulo)
+        {
+            idx_low(Number<1>{}) =
+                idx_up[Number<1>{}] ^ (idx_up[Number<0>{}] % up_lengths_[Number<1>{}]);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            idx_low(Number<1>{}) = idx_up[Number<1>{}] ^ idx_up[Number<0>{}];
+        }
     }
 
     template <typename LowIdxDiff,