// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Copyright (c) 2023, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.

#pragma once

#include "ck/utility/common_header.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_description/multi_index_transform_helper.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_description/tensor_descriptor.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_description/tensor_descriptor_helper.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/grid/block_to_ctile_map.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/grid/gridwise_gemm_pipeline_selector.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/block/blockwise_gemm_xdlops.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/block/thread_group_tensor_slice_transfer_direct_load.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/block/thread_group_tensor_slice_transfer_v4r1.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/block/thread_group_tensor_slice_transfer_v7.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/thread/threadwise_tensor_slice_transfer.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/element/element_wise_operation.hpp"

#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/device/matrix_padder.hpp"
#include "ck/tensor_operation/gpu/device/gemm_specialization.hpp"

namespace ck {

template <typename GridwiseGemm,
          typename ADataType,
          typename BDataType,
          typename DsPointer,
          typename EDataType,
          typename AElementwiseOperation,
          typename BElementwiseOperation,
          typename CDEElementwiseOperation,
          typename AGridDesc_AK0_M_AK1,
          typename BGridDesc_BK0_N_BK1,
          typename DsGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock,
          typename EGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock,
          typename Block2ETileMap,
          bool HasMainKBlockLoop>
__global__ void
#if CK_USE_LAUNCH_BOUNDS
    __launch_bounds__(CK_MAX_THREAD_PER_BLOCK, CK_MIN_BLOCK_PER_CU)
#endif
        kernel_gemm_multiple_d_xdl_cshuffle_lds_direct_load(
            const ADataType* __restrict__ p_a_grid,
            const BDataType* __restrict__ p_b_grid,
            DsPointer p_ds_grid,
            EDataType* __restrict__ p_e_grid,
            const AElementwiseOperation a_element_op,
            const BElementwiseOperation b_element_op,
            const CDEElementwiseOperation cde_element_op,
            const AGridDesc_AK0_M_AK1 a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1,
            const BGridDesc_BK0_N_BK1 b_grid_desc_bk0_n_bk1,
            const DsGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock
                ds_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock,
            const EGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock
                e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock,
            const Block2ETileMap block_2_etile_map)
{
#if(!defined(__HIP_DEVICE_COMPILE__) || defined(__gfx90a__) || defined(__gfx940__) || \
    defined(__gfx941__) || defined(__gfx942__))
    __shared__ char p_shared[GridwiseGemm::GetSharedMemoryNumberOfByte()];

    GridwiseGemm::template Run<HasMainKBlockLoop>(p_a_grid,
                                                  p_b_grid,
                                                  p_ds_grid,
                                                  p_e_grid,
                                                  p_shared,
                                                  a_element_op,
                                                  b_element_op,
                                                  cde_element_op,
                                                  a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1,
                                                  b_grid_desc_bk0_n_bk1,
                                                  ds_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock,
                                                  e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock,
                                                  block_2_etile_map);
#else
    ignore                 = p_a_grid;
    ignore                 = p_b_grid;
    ignore                 = p_ds_grid;
    ignore                 = p_e_grid;
    ignore                 = a_element_op;
    ignore                 = b_element_op;
    ignore                 = cde_element_op;
    ignore                 = a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1;
    ignore                 = b_grid_desc_bk0_n_bk1;
    ignore                 = ds_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock;
    ignore                 = e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock;
    ignore                 = block_2_etile_map;
#endif
}

// GEMM:
//   input : A[M, K]
//   input : B[N, K]
//   input : D0[M, N], D1[M, N], ...
//   output : E[M, N]
//   C = a_op(A) * b_op(B)
//   E = cde_op(C, D0, D1, ...)
// Assume:
//   D0, D1, ... and E have the same layout
template <typename ALayout,
          typename BLayout,
          typename DsLayout,
          typename ELayout,
          typename ADataType,
          typename BDataType,
          typename AComputeDataType_,
          typename AccDataType,
          typename CShuffleDataType,
          typename DsDataType,
          typename EDataType,
          typename AElementwiseOperation,
          typename BElementwiseOperation,
          typename CDEElementwiseOperation,
          InMemoryDataOperationEnum EGlobalMemoryDataOperation,
          tensor_operation::device::GemmSpecialization GemmSpec,
          index_t NumGemmKPrefetchStage,
          index_t BlockSize,
          index_t MPerBlock,
          index_t NPerBlock,
          index_t KPerBlock,
          index_t AK1Value,
          index_t BK1Value,
          index_t MPerXdl,
          index_t NPerXdl,
          index_t MXdlPerWave,
          index_t NXdlPerWave,
          typename ABlockTransferThreadClusterLengths_AK0_M_AK1,
          typename ABlockTransferSrcAccessOrder,
          index_t ABlockTransferSrcVectorDim,
          index_t ABlockTransferScalarPerVector,
          index_t ABlockLdsExtraM,
          typename BBlockTransferThreadClusterLengths_BK0_N_BK1,
          typename BBlockTransferSrcAccessOrder,
          index_t BBlockTransferSrcVectorDim,
          index_t BBlockTransferScalarPerVector,
          index_t BBlockLdsExtraN,
          index_t CShuffleMXdlPerWavePerShuffle,
          index_t CShuffleNXdlPerWavePerShuffle,
          typename CDEBlockTransferClusterLengths_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock,
          index_t CDEShuffleBlockTransferScalarPerVector_NPerBlock,
          LoopScheduler LoopSched,
          PipelineVersion PipelineVer = PipelineVersion::v4,
          typename BComputeDataType   = AComputeDataType_>
struct GridwiseGemmMultipleD_Xdl_CShuffle_LdsDirectLoad
{
    static constexpr index_t NumDTensor = DsDataType::Size();

    static constexpr auto I0 = Number<0>{};
    static constexpr auto I1 = Number<1>{};
    static constexpr auto I2 = Number<2>{};
    static constexpr auto I3 = Number<3>{};
    static constexpr auto I4 = Number<4>{};
    static constexpr auto I5 = Number<5>{};
    static constexpr auto I6 = Number<6>{};
    static constexpr auto I7 = Number<7>{};

    static constexpr auto AK1         = Number<AK1Value>{};
    static constexpr auto BK1         = Number<BK1Value>{};
    static constexpr auto AK0PerBlock = Number<KPerBlock / AK1Value>{};
    static constexpr auto BK0PerBlock = Number<KPerBlock / BK1Value>{};

    using ThisThreadBlock = ThisThreadBlock<BlockSize>;

    using GridwiseGemmPipe = remove_cvref_t<
        decltype(GridwiseGemmPipeline_Selector<PipelineVer, NumGemmKPrefetchStage, LoopSched>())>;

#if CK_WORKAROUND_DENORM_FIX
    using AComputeDataType =
        conditional_t<is_same_v<AComputeDataType_, ck::half_t>, ck::bhalf_t, AComputeDataType_>;
#else
    using AComputeDataType = AComputeDataType_;
#endif

    __host__ __device__ static constexpr auto GetABlockDescriptor_AK0PerBlock_MPerBlock_AK1()
    {
        // A matrix in LDS memory, destination of blockwise copy.
        return make_naive_tensor_descriptor(
            make_tuple(AK0PerBlock, Number<MPerBlock>{}, AK1),
            make_tuple(Number<MPerBlock + ABlockLdsExtraM>{} * AK1, AK1, I1));
    }

    __host__ __device__ static constexpr auto GetBBlockDescriptor_BK0PerBlock_NPerBlock_BK1()
    {
        // B matrix in LDS memory, destination of blockwise copy.
        return make_naive_tensor_descriptor(
            make_tuple(BK0PerBlock, Number<NPerBlock>{}, BK1),
            make_tuple(Number<NPerBlock + BBlockLdsExtraN>{} * BK1, BK1, I1));
    }

    __host__ __device__ static constexpr auto
    GetCShuffleBlockDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock()
    {
        constexpr index_t MWave = MPerBlock / (MXdlPerWave * MPerXdl);
        constexpr index_t NWave = NPerBlock / (NXdlPerWave * NPerXdl);

        constexpr auto c_shuffle_block_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock =
            make_naive_tensor_descriptor_packed(
                make_tuple(I1,
                           Number<CShuffleMXdlPerWavePerShuffle * MWave * MPerXdl>{},
                           I1,
                           Number<CShuffleNXdlPerWavePerShuffle * NWave * NPerXdl>{}));

        return c_shuffle_block_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock;
    }

    // ck::Tuple<const D0DataType*, const D1DataType*, ...>
    static constexpr auto MakeDsGridPointer()
    {
        return generate_tuple(
            [&](auto i) {
                using DDataType = remove_cvref_t<tuple_element_t<i.value, DsDataType>>;

                return static_cast<const DDataType*>(nullptr);
            },
            Number<NumDTensor>{});
    }

    __host__ __device__ static constexpr index_t GetSharedMemoryNumberOfByte()
    {
        // LDS allocation for A and B: be careful of alignment.
        constexpr auto a_block_desc_ak0_m_ak1 = GetABlockDescriptor_AK0PerBlock_MPerBlock_AK1();
        constexpr auto b_block_desc_bk0_n_bk1 = GetBBlockDescriptor_BK0PerBlock_NPerBlock_BK1();

        constexpr auto max_lds_align = math::lcm(AK1, BK1);

        constexpr auto a_block_space_size_aligned = math::integer_least_multiple(
            a_block_desc_ak0_m_ak1.GetElementSpaceSize(), max_lds_align);

        constexpr auto b_block_space_size_aligned = math::integer_least_multiple(
            b_block_desc_bk0_n_bk1.GetElementSpaceSize(), max_lds_align);

        // LDS allocation for C shuffle.
        constexpr auto c_shuffle_block_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock =
            GetCShuffleBlockDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock();

        constexpr auto c_block_size =
            c_shuffle_block_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock.GetElementSpaceSize();

        return math::max(
            NumGemmKPrefetchStage * a_block_space_size_aligned * sizeof(AComputeDataType) +
                NumGemmKPrefetchStage * b_block_space_size_aligned * sizeof(BComputeDataType),
            c_block_size * sizeof(CShuffleDataType));
    }

    __host__ __device__ static auto
    MakeAGridDescriptor_M_K(index_t MRaw, index_t KRaw, index_t StrideA)
    {
        constexpr auto matrix_padder =
            ck::tensor_operation::device::MatrixPadder<GemmSpec, index_t, index_t, index_t>{
                MPerBlock, NPerBlock, KPerBlock};

        const auto a_grid_desc_mraw_kraw = [&]() {
            if constexpr(is_same_v<tensor_layout::gemm::RowMajor, ALayout>)
            {
                return make_naive_tensor_descriptor(make_tuple(MRaw, KRaw),
                                                    make_tuple(StrideA, I1));
            }
            else if constexpr(is_same_v<tensor_layout::gemm::ColumnMajor, ALayout>)
            {
                return make_naive_tensor_descriptor(make_tuple(MRaw, KRaw),
                                                    make_tuple(I1, StrideA));
            }
        }();

        return matrix_padder.PadADescriptor_M_K(a_grid_desc_mraw_kraw);
    }

    __host__ __device__ static auto
    MakeBGridDescriptor_N_K(index_t KRaw, index_t NRaw, index_t StrideB)
    {
        constexpr auto matrix_padder =
            ck::tensor_operation::device::MatrixPadder<GemmSpec, index_t, index_t, index_t>{
                MPerBlock, NPerBlock, KPerBlock};

        const auto b_grid_desc_nraw_kraw = [&]() {
            if constexpr(is_same<tensor_layout::gemm::RowMajor, BLayout>::value)
            {
                return make_naive_tensor_descriptor(make_tuple(NRaw, KRaw),
                                                    make_tuple(I1, StrideB));
            }
            else if constexpr(is_same<tensor_layout::gemm::ColumnMajor, BLayout>::value)
            {
                return make_naive_tensor_descriptor(make_tuple(NRaw, KRaw),
                                                    make_tuple(StrideB, I1));
            }
        }();

        return matrix_padder.PadBDescriptor_N_K(b_grid_desc_nraw_kraw);
    }

    __host__ __device__ static auto
    MakeEGridDescriptor_M_N(index_t MRaw, index_t NRaw, index_t StrideE)
    {
        constexpr auto matrix_padder =
            ck::tensor_operation::device::MatrixPadder<GemmSpec, index_t, index_t, index_t>{
                MPerBlock, NPerBlock, KPerBlock};
        const auto e_grid_desc_mraw_nraw = [&]() {
            if constexpr(is_same<tensor_layout::gemm::RowMajor, ELayout>::value)
            {
                return make_naive_tensor_descriptor(make_tuple(MRaw, NRaw),
                                                    make_tuple(StrideE, I1));
            }
            else if constexpr(is_same<tensor_layout::gemm::ColumnMajor, ELayout>::value)
            {
                return make_naive_tensor_descriptor(make_tuple(MRaw, NRaw),
                                                    make_tuple(I1, StrideE));
            }
        }();

        return matrix_padder.PadCDescriptor_M_N(e_grid_desc_mraw_nraw);
    }

    __host__ __device__ static auto
    MakeDsGridDescriptor_M_N(const std::array<index_t, NumDTensor>& MRaws,
                             const std::array<index_t, NumDTensor>& NRaws,
                             const std::array<index_t, NumDTensor>& DsStride)
    {
        return generate_tuple(
            [&](auto i) { return MakeEGridDescriptor_M_N(MRaws[i], NRaws[i], DsStride[i]); },
            Number<NumDTensor>{});
    }

    using AGridDesc_M_K  = decltype(MakeAGridDescriptor_M_K(1, 1, 1));
    using BGridDesc_N_K  = decltype(MakeBGridDescriptor_N_K(1, 1, 1));
    using DsGridDesc_M_N = remove_cvref_t<decltype(MakeDsGridDescriptor_M_N({}, {}, {}))>;
    using EGridDesc_M_N  = decltype(MakeEGridDescriptor_M_N(1, 1, 1));

    // A desc for source in blockwise copy.
    __host__ __device__ static constexpr auto
    MakeDefaultAGridDescriptor_AK0_M_AK1(const AGridDesc_M_K& a_grid_desc_m_k)
    {
        const auto M = a_grid_desc_m_k.GetLength(I0);
        const auto K = a_grid_desc_m_k.GetLength(I1);

        const auto AK0 = K / AK1;

        return transform_tensor_descriptor(a_grid_desc_m_k,
                                           make_tuple(make_unmerge_transform(make_tuple(AK0, AK1)),
                                                      make_pass_through_transform(M)),
                                           make_tuple(Sequence<1>{}, Sequence<0>{}),
                                           make_tuple(Sequence<0, 2>{}, Sequence<1>{}));
    }

    // B desc for source in blockwise copy.
    __host__ __device__ static constexpr auto
    MakeDefaultBGridDescriptor_BK0_N_BK1(const BGridDesc_N_K& b_grid_desc_n_k)
    {
        const auto N = b_grid_desc_n_k.GetLength(I0);
        const auto K = b_grid_desc_n_k.GetLength(I1);

        const auto BK0 = K / BK1;

        return transform_tensor_descriptor(b_grid_desc_n_k,
                                           make_tuple(make_unmerge_transform(make_tuple(BK0, BK1)),
                                                      make_pass_through_transform(N)),
                                           make_tuple(Sequence<1>{}, Sequence<0>{}),
                                           make_tuple(Sequence<0, 2>{}, Sequence<1>{}));
    }

    // E desc for destination in blockwise copy.
    __host__ __device__ static constexpr auto
    MakeEGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock(const EGridDesc_M_N& e_grid_desc_m_n)
    {
        const auto M = e_grid_desc_m_n.GetLength(I0);
        const auto N = e_grid_desc_m_n.GetLength(I1);

        const auto MBlock = M / MPerBlock;
        const auto NBlock = N / NPerBlock;

        const auto e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock = transform_tensor_descriptor(
            e_grid_desc_m_n,
            make_tuple(make_unmerge_transform(make_tuple(MBlock, Number<MPerBlock>{})),
                       make_unmerge_transform(make_tuple(NBlock, Number<NPerBlock>{}))),
            make_tuple(Sequence<0>{}, Sequence<1>{}),
            make_tuple(Sequence<0, 1>{}, Sequence<2, 3>{}));

        return e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock;
    }

    // Ds desc for source in blockwise copy.
    __host__ __device__ static constexpr auto
    MakeDsGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock(const DsGridDesc_M_N& ds_grid_desc_m_n)
    {
        return generate_tuple(
            [&](auto i) {
                return MakeEGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock(ds_grid_desc_m_n[i]);
            },
            Number<NumDTensor>{});
    }

    __host__ __device__ static constexpr auto
    MakeDefaultBlock2ETileMap(const EGridDesc_M_N& e_grid_desc_m_n)
    {
        return BlockToCTileMap_M00_N0_M01Adapt<MPerBlock, NPerBlock, EGridDesc_M_N>(
            e_grid_desc_m_n);
    }

    using AGridDesc_AK0_M_AK1 =
        remove_cvref_t<decltype(MakeDefaultAGridDescriptor_AK0_M_AK1(AGridDesc_M_K{}))>;
    using BGridDesc_BK0_N_BK1 =
        remove_cvref_t<decltype(MakeDefaultBGridDescriptor_BK0_N_BK1(BGridDesc_N_K{}))>;
    using DsGridDesc_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock =
        remove_cvref_t<decltype(MakeDsGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock(
            DsGridDesc_M_N{}))>;
    using EGridDesc_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock =
        remove_cvref_t<decltype(MakeEGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock(
            EGridDesc_M_N{}))>;

    using Block2ETileMap = remove_cvref_t<decltype(MakeDefaultBlock2ETileMap(EGridDesc_M_N{}))>;

    __host__ __device__ static constexpr bool CheckValidity(const AGridDesc_M_K& a_grid_desc_m_k,
                                                            const BGridDesc_N_K& b_grid_desc_n_k,
                                                            const DsGridDesc_M_N& ds_grid_desc_m_n,
                                                            const EGridDesc_M_N& e_grid_desc_m_n,
                                                            const Block2ETileMap& block_2_etile_map)
    {
        static_assert((MPerBlock % (MPerXdl * MXdlPerWave) == 0) &&
                          (NPerBlock % (NXdlPerWave * NPerXdl)) == 0,
                      "Invalid tuning param!");
        static_assert(KPerBlock % AK1Value == 0 && KPerBlock % BK1Value == 0,
                      "KPerBlock must be divisible by AK1Value and BK1Value!");

        static_assert(
            std::is_same_v<AElementwiseOperation,
                           ck::tensor_operation::element_wise::PassThrough> &&
                std::is_same_v<BElementwiseOperation,
                               ck::tensor_operation::element_wise::PassThrough>,
            "Direct load transfers do not support elementwise operations other than passthrough.");

        const auto M  = a_grid_desc_m_k.GetLength(I0);
        const auto N  = b_grid_desc_n_k.GetLength(I0);
        const auto AK = a_grid_desc_m_k.GetLength(I1);
        const auto BK = b_grid_desc_n_k.GetLength(I1);

        // Check the consistency of descriptors.
        if(!(M == e_grid_desc_m_n.GetLength(I0) && N == e_grid_desc_m_n.GetLength(I1) && AK == BK))
        {
            return false;
        }

        bool valid = true;

        static_for<0, NumDTensor, 1>{}([&](auto i) {
            valid = valid && (M == ds_grid_desc_m_n[i].GetLength(I0) &&
                              N == ds_grid_desc_m_n[i].GetLength(I1));
        });

        if(!valid)
        {
            return false;
        }

        // Check the tile size.
        if(!(M % MPerBlock == 0 && N % NPerBlock == 0 && AK % KPerBlock == 0))
        {
            return false;
        }

        // Check gridwise gemm pipeline.
        const auto num_k_loop = AK / KPerBlock;
        if(!GridwiseGemmPipe::IsSupported(num_k_loop))
        {
            return false;
        }

        // Check block-to-E-tile.
        if(!block_2_etile_map.CheckValidity(e_grid_desc_m_n))
        {
            return false;
        }

        // Check tensor size: cannot exceed 2GB.
        constexpr long_index_t TwoGB = (long_index_t{1} << 31);

        if(!(a_grid_desc_m_k.GetElementSpaceSize() * sizeof(ADataType) <= TwoGB &&
             b_grid_desc_n_k.GetElementSpaceSize() * sizeof(BDataType) <= TwoGB &&
             e_grid_desc_m_n.GetElementSpaceSize() * sizeof(EDataType) <= TwoGB))
        {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    __host__ __device__ static constexpr bool CalculateHasMainKBlockLoop(index_t K)
    {
        const index_t num_loop = K / KPerBlock;
        return GridwiseGemmPipe::CalculateHasMainLoop(num_loop);
    }

    using DsGridPointer = decltype(MakeDsGridPointer());

    __device__ __host__ static constexpr auto GetMPerBlock() { return MPerBlock; }

    template <typename DataType>
    __device__ static auto AllocateBlockBuffers(void* p_shared,
                                                int32_t num_elems,
                                                int32_t offset_elems,
                                                int32_t max_lds_align)
    {
        const int32_t single_buffer_offset = math::integer_least_multiple(num_elems, max_lds_align);
        return generate_tuple(
            [&](auto i) {
                const int32_t local_offset = i * single_buffer_offset;
                return make_dynamic_buffer<AddressSpaceEnum::Lds>(
                    static_cast<DataType*>(p_shared) + local_offset + offset_elems, num_elems);
            },
            Number<NumGemmKPrefetchStage>{});
    }

    template <bool HasMainKBlockLoop,
              typename AGridDesc_AK0_M_AK1,
              typename BGridDesc_BK0_N_BK1,
              typename DsGridDesc_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock,
              typename EGridDesc_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock>
    __device__ static void Run(const ADataType* __restrict__ p_a_grid,
                               const BDataType* __restrict__ p_b_grid,
                               DsGridPointer p_ds_grid,
                               EDataType* __restrict__ p_e_grid,
                               void* __restrict__ p_shared,
                               const AElementwiseOperation& a_element_op,
                               const BElementwiseOperation& b_element_op,
                               const CDEElementwiseOperation& cde_element_op,
                               const AGridDesc_AK0_M_AK1& a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1,
                               const BGridDesc_BK0_N_BK1& b_grid_desc_bk0_n_bk1,
                               const DsGridDesc_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock&
                                   ds_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock,
                               const EGridDesc_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock&
                                   e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock,
                               const Block2ETileMap& block_2_etile_map)
    {
        // Elementwise operations are not supported for A and B, arguments left only for the API
        // consistency.
        (void)a_element_op;
        (void)b_element_op;

        const auto a_grid_buf = make_dynamic_buffer<AddressSpaceEnum::Global>(
            p_a_grid, a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1.GetElementSpaceSize());

        const auto b_grid_buf = make_dynamic_buffer<AddressSpaceEnum::Global>(
            p_b_grid, b_grid_desc_bk0_n_bk1.GetElementSpaceSize());

        const auto ds_grid_buf = generate_tuple(
            [&](auto i) {
                return make_dynamic_buffer<AddressSpaceEnum::Global>(
                    p_ds_grid[i],
                    ds_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock[i].GetElementSpaceSize());
            },
            Number<NumDTensor>{});

        auto e_grid_buf = make_dynamic_buffer<AddressSpaceEnum::Global>(
            p_e_grid, e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock.GetElementSpaceSize());

        // Divide block work by [M, N].
        const auto block_work_idx =
            block_2_etile_map.CalculateBottomIndex(make_multi_index(get_block_1d_id()));

        if(!block_2_etile_map.ValidCTileIndex(
               block_work_idx,
               make_tuple(e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock.GetLength(I0),
                          e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock.GetLength(I2))))
        {
            return;
        }

        // This forces m/n_block_data_idx_on_grid into SGPR.
        const index_t m_block_data_idx_on_grid =
            __builtin_amdgcn_readfirstlane(block_work_idx[I0] * MPerBlock);

        const index_t n_block_data_idx_on_grid =
            __builtin_amdgcn_readfirstlane(block_work_idx[I1] * NPerBlock);

        constexpr auto max_lds_align = math::lcm(AK1, BK1);

        // A matrix in LDS memory, destination of blockwise copy.
        constexpr auto a_block_desc_ak0_m_ak1 = GetABlockDescriptor_AK0PerBlock_MPerBlock_AK1();

        // B matrix in LDS memory, destination of blockwise copy.
        constexpr auto b_block_desc_bk0_n_bk1 = GetBBlockDescriptor_BK0PerBlock_NPerBlock_BK1();

        auto a_blockwise_copy =
            ThreadGroupTensorSliceTransfer_DirectLoad<ThisThreadBlock,
                                                      Sequence<AK0PerBlock, MPerBlock, AK1>,
                                                      ABlockTransferThreadClusterLengths_AK0_M_AK1,
                                                      ADataType,
                                                      AComputeDataType,
                                                      decltype(a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1),
                                                      decltype(a_block_desc_ak0_m_ak1),
                                                      ABlockTransferSrcVectorDim,
                                                      2,
                                                      ABlockTransferScalarPerVector>(
                a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1,
                make_multi_index(0, m_block_data_idx_on_grid, 0),
                a_block_desc_ak0_m_ak1,
                make_multi_index(0, 0, 0));

        auto b_blockwise_copy =
            ThreadGroupTensorSliceTransfer_DirectLoad<ThisThreadBlock,
                                                      Sequence<BK0PerBlock, NPerBlock, BK1>,
                                                      BBlockTransferThreadClusterLengths_BK0_N_BK1,
                                                      BDataType,
                                                      BComputeDataType,
                                                      decltype(b_grid_desc_bk0_n_bk1),
                                                      decltype(b_block_desc_bk0_n_bk1),
                                                      BBlockTransferSrcVectorDim,
                                                      2,
                                                      BBlockTransferScalarPerVector>(
                b_grid_desc_bk0_n_bk1,
                make_multi_index(0, n_block_data_idx_on_grid, 0),
                b_block_desc_bk0_n_bk1,
                make_multi_index(0, 0, 0));

        // GEMM definition
        //   c_mtx += transpose(a_mtx) * b_mtx
        //     a_mtx[K0PerBlock, MPerBlock] is in LDS
        //     b_mtx[K0PerBlock, NPerBlock] is in LDS
        //     c_mtx[MPerBlock, NPerBlock] is distributed among threads, and saved in
        //       register
        constexpr index_t KPack = math::max(
            math::lcm(AK1, BK1),
            MfmaSelector<AComputeDataType, MPerXdl, NPerXdl, BComputeDataType>::selected_mfma
                .k_per_blk);

        auto blockwise_gemm = BlockwiseGemmXdlops_k0mk1_k0nk1_m0n0m1n1m2m3m4n2_Selector<
            BlockSize,
            AComputeDataType,
            BComputeDataType,
            AccDataType,
            decltype(a_block_desc_ak0_m_ak1),
            decltype(b_block_desc_bk0_n_bk1),
            MPerXdl,
            NPerXdl,
            MXdlPerWave,
            NXdlPerWave,
            KPack,
            LoopSched>();

        auto c_thread_buf = blockwise_gemm.GetCThreadBuffer();

        // LDS allocation for A and B: be careful of alignment.
        constexpr auto a_block_space_size_aligned = math::integer_least_multiple(
            a_block_desc_ak0_m_ak1.GetElementSpaceSize(), max_lds_align);

        auto a_block_buffers = AllocateBlockBuffers<AComputeDataType>(
            p_shared, a_block_desc_ak0_m_ak1.GetElementSpaceSize(), 0, max_lds_align);
        const auto b_buffers_offset = a_block_space_size_aligned * NumGemmKPrefetchStage;
        auto b_block_buffers =
            AllocateBlockBuffers<BComputeDataType>(p_shared,
                                                   b_block_desc_bk0_n_bk1.GetElementSpaceSize(),
                                                   b_buffers_offset,
                                                   max_lds_align);

        constexpr auto a_block_slice_copy_step = make_multi_index(KPerBlock / AK1, 0, 0);
        constexpr auto b_block_slice_copy_step = make_multi_index(KPerBlock / BK1, 0, 0);

        const auto gridwise_gemm_pipeline =
            GridwiseGemmPipeline_Selector<PipelineVer, NumGemmKPrefetchStage, LoopSched>();

        const index_t num_k_block_main_loop = __builtin_amdgcn_readfirstlane(
            (a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1.GetLength(I0) * a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1.GetLength(I2)) /
            KPerBlock);

        gridwise_gemm_pipeline.template Run<HasMainKBlockLoop>(a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1,
                                                               a_block_desc_ak0_m_ak1,
                                                               a_blockwise_copy,
                                                               a_grid_buf,
                                                               a_block_buffers,
                                                               a_block_slice_copy_step,
                                                               b_grid_desc_bk0_n_bk1,
                                                               b_block_desc_bk0_n_bk1,
                                                               b_blockwise_copy,
                                                               b_grid_buf,
                                                               b_block_buffers,
                                                               b_block_slice_copy_step,
                                                               blockwise_gemm,
                                                               c_thread_buf,
                                                               num_k_block_main_loop);

        // Shuffle C and write out.
        {
            static_assert(MXdlPerWave % CShuffleMXdlPerWavePerShuffle == 0 &&
                              NXdlPerWave % CShuffleNXdlPerWavePerShuffle == 0,
                          "wrong!");

            constexpr index_t MWave = MPerBlock / (MXdlPerWave * MPerXdl);
            constexpr index_t NWave = NPerBlock / (NXdlPerWave * NPerXdl);

            constexpr auto c_thread_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2 =
                blockwise_gemm.GetCThreadDescriptor_M0_N0_M1_N1_M2_M3_M4_N2();

            // c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2_tmp is only used to get lengths
            constexpr auto c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2_tmp =
                blockwise_gemm.GetCBlockDescriptor_M0_N0_M1_N1_M2_M3_M4_N2();

            constexpr auto M0 = c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2_tmp.GetLength(I0);
            constexpr auto N0 = c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2_tmp.GetLength(I1);
            constexpr auto M1 = c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2_tmp.GetLength(I2);
            constexpr auto N1 = c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2_tmp.GetLength(I3);
            constexpr auto M2 = c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2_tmp.GetLength(I4);
            constexpr auto M3 = c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2_tmp.GetLength(I5);
            constexpr auto M4 = c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2_tmp.GetLength(I6);
            constexpr auto N2 = c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2_tmp.GetLength(I7);

            constexpr auto c_shuffle_block_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock =
                GetCShuffleBlockDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock();

            auto c_shuffle_block_buf = make_dynamic_buffer<AddressSpaceEnum::Lds>(
                static_cast<CShuffleDataType*>(p_shared),
                c_shuffle_block_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock.GetElementSpaceSize());

            constexpr auto c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2 = transform_tensor_descriptor(
                c_shuffle_block_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock,
                make_tuple(
                    make_freeze_transform(I0),
                    make_unmerge_transform(make_tuple(
                        Number<CShuffleMXdlPerWavePerShuffle>{}, // M0 (MXdlPerWave) per shuffle
                        M1,                                      // M1 = MWave
                        M2,                                      // M2 * M3 * M4 = MPerXdl
                        M3,
                        M4)),
                    make_freeze_transform(I0),
                    make_unmerge_transform(make_tuple(
                        Number<CShuffleNXdlPerWavePerShuffle>{}, // N0 (NXdlPerWave) per shuffle
                        N1,                                      // N1 = NWave
                        N2))),                                   // N2 = NPerXdl
                make_tuple(Sequence<0>{}, Sequence<1>{}, Sequence<2>{}, Sequence<3>{}),
                make_tuple(
                    Sequence<>{}, Sequence<0, 2, 4, 5, 6>{}, Sequence<>{}, Sequence<1, 3, 7>{}));

            // Calculate the origin of thread output tensor on global memory.
            const auto c_thread_mtx_on_block =
                blockwise_gemm.CalculateCThreadOriginDataIndex(I0, I0, I0, I0);

            const index_t m_thread_data_on_block = c_thread_mtx_on_block[I0];
            const index_t n_thread_data_on_block = c_thread_mtx_on_block[I1];

            const auto m_thread_data_on_block_to_m0_m1_m2_m3_m4_adaptor =
                make_single_stage_tensor_adaptor(
                    make_tuple(make_merge_transform(make_tuple(M0, M1, M2, M3, M4))),
                    make_tuple(Sequence<0, 1, 2, 3, 4>{}),
                    make_tuple(Sequence<0>{}));

            const auto m_thread_data_on_block_idx =
                m_thread_data_on_block_to_m0_m1_m2_m3_m4_adaptor.CalculateBottomIndex(
                    make_multi_index(m_thread_data_on_block));

            const auto n_thread_data_on_block_to_n0_n1_n2_adaptor =
                make_single_stage_tensor_adaptor(
                    make_tuple(make_merge_transform(make_tuple(N0, N1, N2))),
                    make_tuple(Sequence<0, 1, 2>{}),
                    make_tuple(Sequence<0>{}));

            const auto n_thread_data_on_block_idx =
                n_thread_data_on_block_to_n0_n1_n2_adaptor.CalculateBottomIndex(
                    make_multi_index(n_thread_data_on_block));

            // Shuffle: threadwise copy C from VGPR to LDS.
            auto c_thread_copy_vgpr_to_lds =
                ThreadwiseTensorSliceTransfer_v1r3<AccDataType,
                                                   CShuffleDataType,
                                                   decltype(c_thread_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2),
                                                   decltype(c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2),
                                                   ck::tensor_operation::element_wise::PassThrough,
                                                   Sequence<CShuffleMXdlPerWavePerShuffle,
                                                            CShuffleNXdlPerWavePerShuffle,
                                                            I1,
                                                            I1,
                                                            M2,
                                                            I1,
                                                            M4,
                                                            I1>,
                                                   Sequence<0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7>,
                                                   7,
                                                   1,
                                                   InMemoryDataOperationEnum::Set,
                                                   1,
                                                   true>{
                    c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2,
                    make_multi_index(0,
                                     0,
                                     m_thread_data_on_block_idx[I1],
                                     n_thread_data_on_block_idx[I1],
                                     m_thread_data_on_block_idx[I2],
                                     m_thread_data_on_block_idx[I3],
                                     m_thread_data_on_block_idx[I4],
                                     n_thread_data_on_block_idx[I2]),
                    ck::tensor_operation::element_wise::PassThrough{}};

            // A tuple of reference to C/Ds tensor descriptors.
            const auto c_ds_desc_refs = concat_tuple_of_reference(
                tie(c_shuffle_block_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock),
                generate_tie(
                    [&](auto i) -> const auto& // return type should be reference
                    { return ds_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock[i]; },
                    Number<NumDTensor>{}));

            // A tuple of reference to C/Ds grid buffers.
            const auto c_ds_buf_refs = concat_tuple_of_reference(
                tie(c_shuffle_block_buf),
                generate_tie(
                    [&](auto i) -> const auto& // return type should be reference
                    { return ds_grid_buf[i]; },
                    Number<NumDTensor>{}));

            // A tuple of starting index of C/Ds blockwise copy.
            const auto idx_c_ds_block_begin = container_concat(
                make_tuple(make_multi_index(0, 0, 0, 0)),
                generate_tuple(
                    [&](auto) {
                        return make_multi_index(block_work_idx[I0], 0, block_work_idx[I1], 0);
                    },
                    Number<NumDTensor>{}));

            // Blockwise copy C/D/E between LDS and global.
            auto cde_block_copy_lds_and_global = ThreadGroupTensorSliceTransfer_v7<
                ThisThreadBlock,
                decltype(container_concat(make_tuple(CShuffleDataType{}), DsDataType{})),
                Tuple<EDataType>,
                decltype(c_ds_desc_refs),
                decltype(tie(e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock)),
                CDEElementwiseOperation,
                Sequence<static_cast<index_t>(EGlobalMemoryDataOperation)>,
                Sequence<1,
                         CShuffleMXdlPerWavePerShuffle * MWave * MPerXdl,
                         1,
                         CShuffleNXdlPerWavePerShuffle * NWave * NPerXdl>, // BlockSliceLengths,
                CDEBlockTransferClusterLengths_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock,
                Sequence<0, 1, 2, 3>, // typename ThreadClusterArrangeOrder,
                Sequence<0, 1, 2, 3>, // typename DimAccessOrder,
                3,                    // index_t VectorDim,
                CDEShuffleBlockTransferScalarPerVector_NPerBlock,
                sequence_merge_t<
                    Sequence<true>,
                    uniform_sequence_gen_t<NumDTensor,
                                           false>>, // ThreadTransferSrcResetCoordinateAfterRunFlags
                Sequence<false>>                    // ThreadTransferDstResetCoordinateAfterRunFlags
                {c_ds_desc_refs,
                 idx_c_ds_block_begin,
                 tie(e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock),
                 make_tuple(make_multi_index(block_work_idx[I0], 0, block_work_idx[I1], 0)),
                 cde_element_op};

            // Space filling curve for threadwise C in VGPR before shuffle.
            constexpr auto sfc_c_vgpr =
                SpaceFillingCurve<Sequence<MXdlPerWave, NXdlPerWave, 1, 1, M2, 1, M4, 1>,
                                  Sequence<0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7>,
                                  Sequence<CShuffleMXdlPerWavePerShuffle,
                                           CShuffleNXdlPerWavePerShuffle,
                                           1,
                                           1,
                                           M2,
                                           1,
                                           M4,
                                           1>>{};

            // Space filling curve for shuffled blockwise C/D/E.
            constexpr auto sfc_cde_block =
                SpaceFillingCurve<Sequence<1, MPerBlock, 1, NPerBlock>,
                                  Sequence<0, 2, 1, 3>,
                                  Sequence<1,
                                           CShuffleMXdlPerWavePerShuffle * MWave * MPerXdl,
                                           1,
                                           CShuffleNXdlPerWavePerShuffle * NWave * NPerXdl>>{};

            constexpr index_t num_access = sfc_c_vgpr.GetNumOfAccess();

            static_assert(num_access == sfc_cde_block.GetNumOfAccess(), "wrong!");

            static_for<0, num_access, 1>{}([&](auto access_id) {
                // Make sure it's safe to write to LDS.
                block_sync_lds();

                // Each thread write its data from VGPR to LDS.
                c_thread_copy_vgpr_to_lds.Run(c_thread_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2,
                                              sfc_c_vgpr.GetIndexTupleOfNumber(access_id),
                                              c_thread_buf,
                                              c_block_desc_m0_n0_m1_n1_m2_m3_m4_n2,
                                              c_shuffle_block_buf);

                // Make sure it's safe to read from LDS.
                block_sync_lds();

                // Each block copy its data from LDS to global.
                cde_block_copy_lds_and_global.Run(
                    c_ds_desc_refs,
                    c_ds_buf_refs,
                    tie(e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock),
                    tie(e_grid_buf));

                if constexpr(access_id < num_access - 1)
                {
                    constexpr auto cde_lds_and_global_step =
                        sfc_cde_block.GetForwardStep(access_id);

                    // Move on Ds.
                    static_for<0, NumDTensor, 1>{}([&](auto i) {
                        cde_block_copy_lds_and_global.MoveSrcSliceWindow(
                            c_ds_desc_refs, i + I1, cde_lds_and_global_step);
                    });

                    // Move on E.
                    cde_block_copy_lds_and_global.MoveDstSliceWindow(
                        tie(e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock),
                        I0,
                        cde_lds_and_global_step);
                }
            });
        }
    }

    struct Argument : public tensor_operation::device::BaseArgument
    {
        Argument(const void* p_a_grid,
                 const void* p_b_grid,
                 std::array<const void*, NumDTensor> p_ds_grid,
                 void* p_e_grid,
                 index_t MRaw,
                 index_t NRaw,
                 index_t KRaw,
                 index_t StrideA,
                 index_t StrideB,
                 std::array<index_t, NumDTensor> StrideDs,
                 index_t StrideE,
                 AElementwiseOperation a_element_op,
                 BElementwiseOperation b_element_op,
                 CDEElementwiseOperation cde_element_op)
            : p_a_grid_{static_cast<const ADataType*>(p_a_grid)},
              p_b_grid_{static_cast<const BDataType*>(p_b_grid)},
              p_ds_grid_{},
              p_e_grid_{static_cast<EDataType*>(p_e_grid)},
              a_grid_desc_m_k_{MakeAGridDescriptor_M_K(MRaw, KRaw, StrideA)},
              b_grid_desc_n_k_{MakeBGridDescriptor_N_K(KRaw, NRaw, StrideB)},
              ds_grid_desc_m_n_{},
              e_grid_desc_m_n_{MakeEGridDescriptor_M_N(MRaw, NRaw, StrideE)},
              a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1_{MakeDefaultAGridDescriptor_AK0_M_AK1(a_grid_desc_m_k_)},
              b_grid_desc_bk0_n_bk1_{MakeDefaultBGridDescriptor_BK0_N_BK1(b_grid_desc_n_k_)},
              ds_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock_{},
              e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock_{},
              block_2_etile_map_{MakeDefaultBlock2ETileMap(e_grid_desc_m_n_)},
              a_element_op_{a_element_op},
              b_element_op_{b_element_op},
              cde_element_op_{cde_element_op},
              MRaw_{MRaw},
              NRaw_{NRaw},
              KRaw_{KRaw}
        {
            static_for<0, NumDTensor, 1>{}([&](auto i) {
                using DDataType      = remove_cvref_t<tuple_element_t<i.value, DsDataType>>;
                p_ds_grid_(i)        = static_cast<const DDataType*>(p_ds_grid[i]);
                ds_grid_desc_m_n_(i) = MakeEGridDescriptor_M_N(MRaw, NRaw, StrideDs[i]);
            });

            if(CheckValidity(a_grid_desc_m_k_,
                             b_grid_desc_n_k_,
                             ds_grid_desc_m_n_,
                             e_grid_desc_m_n_,
                             block_2_etile_map_))
            {
                ds_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock_ =
                    MakeDsGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock(ds_grid_desc_m_n_);

                e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock_ =
                    MakeEGridDescriptor_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock(e_grid_desc_m_n_);
            }
        }

        void Print() const
        {
            std::cout << "A[M, K]: " << a_grid_desc_m_k_ << std::endl;
            std::cout << "B[N, K]: " << b_grid_desc_n_k_ << std::endl;
            static_for<0, NumDTensor, 1>{}(
                [&](auto i) { std::cout << "Ds[M, N]: " << ds_grid_desc_m_n_[i] << std::endl; });
            std::cout << "E[M, N]: " << e_grid_desc_m_n_ << std::endl;
        }

        // Pointers
        const ADataType* p_a_grid_;
        const BDataType* p_b_grid_;
        DsGridPointer p_ds_grid_;
        EDataType* p_e_grid_;

        // Tensor descriptors for problem definiton
        AGridDesc_M_K a_grid_desc_m_k_;
        BGridDesc_N_K b_grid_desc_n_k_;
        DsGridDesc_M_N ds_grid_desc_m_n_;
        EGridDesc_M_N e_grid_desc_m_n_;

        // Tensor descriptors for block/thread-wise copy
        AGridDesc_AK0_M_AK1 a_grid_desc_ak0_m_ak1_;
        BGridDesc_BK0_N_BK1 b_grid_desc_bk0_n_bk1_;
        DsGridDesc_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock
            ds_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock_;
        EGridDesc_MBlock_MPerBlock_NBlock_NPerBlock e_grid_desc_mblock_mperblock_nblock_nperblock_;

        // block-to-e-tile map
        Block2ETileMap block_2_etile_map_;

        // element-wise ops
        AElementwiseOperation a_element_op_;
        BElementwiseOperation b_element_op_;
        CDEElementwiseOperation cde_element_op_;

        // For checking vector load/store
        index_t MRaw_;
        index_t NRaw_;
        index_t KRaw_;
    };
};

} // namespace ck
