#! -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 通过梯度惩罚增强模型的泛化性能 # 比CLUE榜单公开的同数据集上的BERT base的成绩高2% # 数据集:IFLYTEK' 长文本分类 (https://github.com/CLUEbenchmark/CLUE) # 博客:https://kexue.fm/archives/7234 # 适用于Keras 2.3.1 import json import numpy as np from bert4keras.backend import keras, search_layer, K from bert4keras.tokenizers import Tokenizer from bert4keras.models import build_transformer_model from bert4keras.optimizers import Adam from bert4keras.snippets import sequence_padding, DataGenerator from keras.layers import Lambda, Dense from tqdm import tqdm num_classes = 119 maxlen = 128 batch_size = 32 # BERT base config_path = '/root/kg/bert/chinese_L-12_H-768_A-12/bert_config.json' checkpoint_path = '/root/kg/bert/chinese_L-12_H-768_A-12/bert_model.ckpt' dict_path = '/root/kg/bert/chinese_L-12_H-768_A-12/vocab.txt' def load_data(filename): """加载数据 单条格式:(文本, 标签id) """ D = [] with open(filename) as f: for i, l in enumerate(f): l = json.loads(l) text, label = l['sentence'], l['label'] D.append((text, int(label))) return D # 加载数据集 train_data = load_data( '/root/CLUE-master/baselines/CLUEdataset/iflytek/train.json' ) valid_data = load_data( '/root/CLUE-master/baselines/CLUEdataset/iflytek/dev.json' ) # 建立分词器 tokenizer = Tokenizer(dict_path, do_lower_case=True) class data_generator(DataGenerator): """数据生成器 """ def __iter__(self, random=False): batch_token_ids, batch_segment_ids, batch_labels = [], [], [] for is_end, (text, label) in self.sample(random): token_ids, segment_ids = tokenizer.encode(text, maxlen=maxlen) batch_token_ids.append(token_ids) batch_segment_ids.append(segment_ids) batch_labels.append([label]) if len(batch_token_ids) == self.batch_size or is_end: batch_token_ids = sequence_padding(batch_token_ids) batch_segment_ids = sequence_padding(batch_segment_ids) batch_labels = sequence_padding(batch_labels) yield [batch_token_ids, batch_segment_ids], batch_labels batch_token_ids, batch_segment_ids, batch_labels = [], [], [] # 转换数据集 train_generator = data_generator(train_data, batch_size) valid_generator = data_generator(valid_data, batch_size) # 加载预训练模型 bert = build_transformer_model( config_path=config_path, checkpoint_path=checkpoint_path, return_keras_model=False, ) output = Lambda(lambda x: x[:, 0])(bert.model.output) output = Dense( units=num_classes, activation='softmax', kernel_initializer=bert.initializer )(output) model = keras.models.Model(bert.model.input, output) model.summary() def sparse_categorical_crossentropy(y_true, y_pred): """自定义稀疏交叉熵 这主要是因为keras自带的sparse_categorical_crossentropy不支持求二阶梯度。 """ y_true = K.reshape(y_true, K.shape(y_pred)[:-1]) y_true = K.cast(y_true, 'int32') y_true = K.one_hot(y_true, K.shape(y_pred)[-1]) return K.categorical_crossentropy(y_true, y_pred) def loss_with_gradient_penalty(y_true, y_pred, epsilon=1): """带梯度惩罚的loss """ loss = K.mean(sparse_categorical_crossentropy(y_true, y_pred)) embeddings = search_layer(y_pred, 'Embedding-Token').embeddings gp = K.sum(K.gradients(loss, [embeddings])[0].values**2) return loss + 0.5 * epsilon * gp model.compile( loss=loss_with_gradient_penalty, optimizer=Adam(2e-5), metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'], ) def evaluate(data): total, right = 0., 0. for x_true, y_true in data: y_pred = model.predict(x_true).argmax(axis=1) y_true = y_true[:, 0] total += len(y_true) right += (y_true == y_pred).sum() return right / total class Evaluator(keras.callbacks.Callback): """评估与保存 """ def __init__(self): self.best_val_acc = 0. def on_epoch_end(self, epoch, logs=None): val_acc = evaluate(valid_generator) if val_acc > self.best_val_acc: self.best_val_acc = val_acc model.save_weights('best_model.weights') print( u'val_acc: %.5f, best_val_acc: %.5f\n' % (val_acc, self.best_val_acc) ) def predict_to_file(in_file, out_file): """输出预测结果到文件 结果文件可以提交到 https://www.cluebenchmarks.com 评测。 """ fw = open(out_file, 'w') with open(in_file) as fr: for l in tqdm(fr): l = json.loads(l) text = l['sentence'] token_ids, segment_ids = tokenizer.encode(text, maxlen=maxlen) label = model.predict([[token_ids], [segment_ids]])[0].argmax() l = json.dumps({'id': str(l['id']), 'label': str(label)}) fw.write(l + '\n') fw.close() if __name__ == '__main__': evaluator = Evaluator() model.fit( train_generator.forfit(), steps_per_epoch=len(train_generator), epochs=50, callbacks=[evaluator] ) else: model.load_weights('best_model.weights') # predict_to_file('/root/CLUE-master/baselines/CLUEdataset/iflytek/test.json', 'iflytek_predict.json')