tf2 detection

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/SSD/utils/utils_fit.py

+import tensorflow as tf
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+
+def get_train_step_fn():
+    @tf.function
+    def train_step(images, multiloss, targets, net, optimizer):
+        with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
+            prediction = net(images, training=True)
+            loss_value = multiloss(targets, prediction)
+        grads = tape.gradient(loss_value, net.trainable_variables)
+        optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads, net.trainable_variables))
+        return loss_value
+    return train_step
+
+@tf.function
+def val_step(images, multiloss, targets, net):
+    prediction = net(images)
+    loss_value = multiloss(targets, prediction)
+    return loss_value
+
+def fit_one_epoch(net, multiloss, loss_history, optimizer, epoch, epoch_step, epoch_step_val, gen, gen_val, Epoch):
+    train_step  = get_train_step_fn()
+    loss        = 0
+    val_loss    = 0
+    print('Start Train')
+    with tqdm(total=epoch_step,desc=f'Epoch {epoch + 1}/{Epoch}',postfix=dict,mininterval=0.3) as pbar:
+        for iteration, batch in enumerate(gen):
+            if iteration >= epoch_step:
+                break
+            images, targets = batch[0], batch[1]
+            targets         = tf.convert_to_tensor(targets)
+            
+            loss_value      = train_step(images, multiloss, targets, net, optimizer)
+            loss            = loss_value + loss
+
+            pbar.set_postfix(**{'loss'  : float(loss) / (iteration + 1), 
+                                'lr'    : optimizer._decayed_lr(tf.float32).numpy()})
+            pbar.update(1)
+    print('Finish Train')
+
+    print('Start Validation')
+    with tqdm(total=epoch_step_val, desc=f'Epoch {epoch + 1}/{Epoch}',postfix=dict,mininterval=0.3) as pbar:
+        for iteration, batch in enumerate(gen_val):
+            if iteration>=epoch_step_val:
+                break
+            images, targets = batch[0], batch[1]
+            targets         = tf.convert_to_tensor(targets)
+
+            loss_value      = val_step(images, multiloss, targets, net)
+            val_loss        = val_loss + loss_value
+
+            pbar.set_postfix(**{'loss' : float(val_loss)/ (iteration + 1)})
+            pbar.update(1)
+    print('Finish Validation')
+
+    logs = {'loss': loss.numpy() / (epoch_step+1), 'val_loss': val_loss.numpy() / (epoch_step_val+1)}
+    loss_history.on_epoch_end([], logs)
+    print('Epoch:'+ str(epoch+1) + '/' + str(Epoch))
+    print('Total Loss: %.3f || Val Loss: %.3f ' % (loss / (epoch_step + 1), val_loss / (epoch_step_val + 1)))
+    net.save_weights('logs/ep%03d-loss%.3f-val_loss%.3f.h5' % ((epoch + 1), loss / (epoch_step + 1) ,val_loss / (epoch_step_val + 1)))

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/SSD/utils/utils_map.py

+import glob
+import json
+import math
+import operator
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+
+import cv2
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import numpy as np
+
+'''
+    0,0 ------> x (width)
+     |
+     |  (Left,Top)
+     |      *_________
+     |      |         |
+            |         |
+     y      |_________|
+  (height)            *
+                (Right,Bottom)
+'''
+
+def log_average_miss_rate(precision, fp_cumsum, num_images):
+    """
+        log-average miss rate:
+            Calculated by averaging miss rates at 9 evenly spaced FPPI points
+            between 10e-2 and 10e0, in log-space.
+
+        output:
+                lamr | log-average miss rate
+                mr | miss rate
+                fppi | false positives per image
+
+        references:
+            [1] Dollar, Piotr, et al. "Pedestrian Detection: An Evaluation of the
+               State of the Art." Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE
+               Transactions on 34.4 (2012): 743 - 761.
+    """
+
+    if precision.size == 0:
+        lamr = 0
+        mr = 1
+        fppi = 0
+        return lamr, mr, fppi
+
+    fppi = fp_cumsum / float(num_images)
+    mr = (1 - precision)
+
+    fppi_tmp = np.insert(fppi, 0, -1.0)
+    mr_tmp = np.insert(mr, 0, 1.0)
+
+    ref = np.logspace(-2.0, 0.0, num = 9)
+    for i, ref_i in enumerate(ref):
+        j = np.where(fppi_tmp <= ref_i)[-1][-1]
+        ref[i] = mr_tmp[j]
+
+    lamr = math.exp(np.mean(np.log(np.maximum(1e-10, ref))))
+
+    return lamr, mr, fppi
+
+"""
+ throw error and exit
+"""
+def error(msg):
+    print(msg)
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+"""
+ check if the number is a float between 0.0 and 1.0
+"""
+def is_float_between_0_and_1(value):
+    try:
+        val = float(value)
+        if val > 0.0 and val < 1.0:
+            return True
+        else:
+            return False
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+
+"""
+ Calculate the AP given the recall and precision array
+    1st) We compute a version of the measured precision/recall curve with
+         precision monotonically decreasing
+    2nd) We compute the AP as the area under this curve by numerical integration.
+"""
+def voc_ap(rec, prec):
+    """
+    --- Official matlab code VOC2012---
+    mrec=[0 ; rec ; 1];
+    mpre=[0 ; prec ; 0];
+    for i=numel(mpre)-1:-1:1
+            mpre(i)=max(mpre(i),mpre(i+1));
+    end
+    i=find(mrec(2:end)~=mrec(1:end-1))+1;
+    ap=sum((mrec(i)-mrec(i-1)).*mpre(i));
+    """
+    rec.insert(0, 0.0) # insert 0.0 at begining of list
+    rec.append(1.0) # insert 1.0 at end of list
+    mrec = rec[:]
+    prec.insert(0, 0.0) # insert 0.0 at begining of list
+    prec.append(0.0) # insert 0.0 at end of list
+    mpre = prec[:]
+    """
+     This part makes the precision monotonically decreasing
+        (goes from the end to the beginning)
+        matlab: for i=numel(mpre)-1:-1:1
+                    mpre(i)=max(mpre(i),mpre(i+1));
+    """
+    for i in range(len(mpre)-2, -1, -1):
+        mpre[i] = max(mpre[i], mpre[i+1])
+    """
+     This part creates a list of indexes where the recall changes
+        matlab: i=find(mrec(2:end)~=mrec(1:end-1))+1;
+    """
+    i_list = []
+    for i in range(1, len(mrec)):
+        if mrec[i] != mrec[i-1]:
+            i_list.append(i) # if it was matlab would be i + 1
+    """
+     The Average Precision (AP) is the area under the curve
+        (numerical integration)
+        matlab: ap=sum((mrec(i)-mrec(i-1)).*mpre(i));
+    """
+    ap = 0.0
+    for i in i_list:
+        ap += ((mrec[i]-mrec[i-1])*mpre[i])
+    return ap, mrec, mpre
+
+
+"""
+ Convert the lines of a file to a list
+"""
+def file_lines_to_list(path):
+    # open txt file lines to a list
+    with open(path) as f:
+        content = f.readlines()
+    # remove whitespace characters like `\n` at the end of each line
+    content = [x.strip() for x in content]
+    return content
+
+"""
+ Draws text in image
+"""
+def draw_text_in_image(img, text, pos, color, line_width):
+    font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN
+    fontScale = 1
+    lineType = 1
+    bottomLeftCornerOfText = pos
+    cv2.putText(img, text,
+            bottomLeftCornerOfText,
+            font,
+            fontScale,
+            color,
+            lineType)
+    text_width, _ = cv2.getTextSize(text, font, fontScale, lineType)[0]
+    return img, (line_width + text_width)
+
+"""
+ Plot - adjust axes
+"""
+def adjust_axes(r, t, fig, axes):
+    # get text width for re-scaling
+    bb = t.get_window_extent(renderer=r)
+    text_width_inches = bb.width / fig.dpi
+    # get axis width in inches
+    current_fig_width = fig.get_figwidth()
+    new_fig_width = current_fig_width + text_width_inches
+    propotion = new_fig_width / current_fig_width
+    # get axis limit
+    x_lim = axes.get_xlim()
+    axes.set_xlim([x_lim[0], x_lim[1]*propotion])
+
+"""
+ Draw plot using Matplotlib
+"""
+def draw_plot_func(dictionary, n_classes, window_title, plot_title, x_label, output_path, to_show, plot_color, true_p_bar):
+    # sort the dictionary by decreasing value, into a list of tuples
+    sorted_dic_by_value = sorted(dictionary.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1))
+    # unpacking the list of tuples into two lists
+    sorted_keys, sorted_values = zip(*sorted_dic_by_value)
+    # 
+    if true_p_bar != "":
+        """
+         Special case to draw in:
+            - green -> TP: True Positives (object detected and matches ground-truth)
+            - red -> FP: False Positives (object detected but does not match ground-truth)
+            - orange -> FN: False Negatives (object not detected but present in the ground-truth)
+        """
+        fp_sorted = []
+        tp_sorted = []
+        for key in sorted_keys:
+            fp_sorted.append(dictionary[key] - true_p_bar[key])
+            tp_sorted.append(true_p_bar[key])
+        plt.barh(range(n_classes), fp_sorted, align='center', color='crimson', label='False Positive')
+        plt.barh(range(n_classes), tp_sorted, align='center', color='forestgreen', label='True Positive', left=fp_sorted)
+        # add legend
+        plt.legend(loc='lower right')
+        """
+         Write number on side of bar
+        """
+        fig = plt.gcf() # gcf - get current figure
+        axes = plt.gca()
+        r = fig.canvas.get_renderer()
+        for i, val in enumerate(sorted_values):
+            fp_val = fp_sorted[i]
+            tp_val = tp_sorted[i]
+            fp_str_val = " " + str(fp_val)
+            tp_str_val = fp_str_val + " " + str(tp_val)
+            # trick to paint multicolor with offset:
+            # first paint everything and then repaint the first number
+            t = plt.text(val, i, tp_str_val, color='forestgreen', va='center', fontweight='bold')
+            plt.text(val, i, fp_str_val, color='crimson', va='center', fontweight='bold')
+            if i == (len(sorted_values)-1): # largest bar
+                adjust_axes(r, t, fig, axes)
+    else:
+        plt.barh(range(n_classes), sorted_values, color=plot_color)
+        """
+         Write number on side of bar
+        """
+        fig = plt.gcf() # gcf - get current figure
+        axes = plt.gca()
+        r = fig.canvas.get_renderer()
+        for i, val in enumerate(sorted_values):
+            str_val = " " + str(val) # add a space before
+            if val < 1.0:
+                str_val = " {0:.2f}".format(val)
+            t = plt.text(val, i, str_val, color=plot_color, va='center', fontweight='bold')
+            # re-set axes to show number inside the figure
+            if i == (len(sorted_values)-1): # largest bar
+                adjust_axes(r, t, fig, axes)
+    # set window title
+    fig.canvas.set_window_title(window_title)
+    # write classes in y axis
+    tick_font_size = 12
+    plt.yticks(range(n_classes), sorted_keys, fontsize=tick_font_size)
+    """
+     Re-scale height accordingly
+    """
+    init_height = fig.get_figheight()
+    # comput the matrix height in points and inches
+    dpi = fig.dpi
+    height_pt = n_classes * (tick_font_size * 1.4) # 1.4 (some spacing)
+    height_in = height_pt / dpi
+    # compute the required figure height 
+    top_margin = 0.15 # in percentage of the figure height
+    bottom_margin = 0.05 # in percentage of the figure height
+    figure_height = height_in / (1 - top_margin - bottom_margin)
+    # set new height
+    if figure_height > init_height:
+        fig.set_figheight(figure_height)
+
+    # set plot title
+    plt.title(plot_title, fontsize=14)
+    # set axis titles
+    # plt.xlabel('classes')
+    plt.xlabel(x_label, fontsize='large')
+    # adjust size of window
+    fig.tight_layout()
+    # save the plot
+    fig.savefig(output_path)
+    # show image
+    if to_show:
+        plt.show()
+    # close the plot
+    plt.close()
+
+def get_map(MINOVERLAP, draw_plot, path = './map_out'):
+    GT_PATH             = os.path.join(path, 'ground-truth')
+    DR_PATH             = os.path.join(path, 'detection-results')
+    IMG_PATH            = os.path.join(path, 'images-optional')
+    TEMP_FILES_PATH     = os.path.join(path, '.temp_files')
+    RESULTS_FILES_PATH  = os.path.join(path, 'results')
+
+    show_animation = True
+    if os.path.exists(IMG_PATH): 
+        for dirpath, dirnames, files in os.walk(IMG_PATH):
+            if not files:
+                show_animation = False
+    else:
+        show_animation = False
+
+    if not os.path.exists(TEMP_FILES_PATH):
+        os.makedirs(TEMP_FILES_PATH)
+        
+    if os.path.exists(RESULTS_FILES_PATH):
+        shutil.rmtree(RESULTS_FILES_PATH)
+    if draw_plot:
+        os.makedirs(os.path.join(RESULTS_FILES_PATH, "AP"))
+        os.makedirs(os.path.join(RESULTS_FILES_PATH, "F1"))
+        os.makedirs(os.path.join(RESULTS_FILES_PATH, "Recall"))
+        os.makedirs(os.path.join(RESULTS_FILES_PATH, "Precision"))
+    if show_animation:
+        os.makedirs(os.path.join(RESULTS_FILES_PATH, "images", "detections_one_by_one"))
+
+    ground_truth_files_list = glob.glob(GT_PATH + '/*.txt')
+    if len(ground_truth_files_list) == 0:
+        error("Error: No ground-truth files found!")
+    ground_truth_files_list.sort()
+    gt_counter_per_class     = {}
+    counter_images_per_class = {}
+
+    for txt_file in ground_truth_files_list:
+        file_id     = txt_file.split(".txt", 1)[0]
+        file_id     = os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(file_id))
+        temp_path   = os.path.join(DR_PATH, (file_id + ".txt"))
+        if not os.path.exists(temp_path):
+            error_msg = "Error. File not found: {}\n".format(temp_path)
+            error(error_msg)
+        lines_list      = file_lines_to_list(txt_file)
+        bounding_boxes  = []
+        is_difficult    = False
+        already_seen_classes = []
+        for line in lines_list:
+            try:
+                if "difficult" in line:
+                    class_name, left, top, right, bottom, _difficult = line.split()
+                    is_difficult = True
+                else:
+                    class_name, left, top, right, bottom = line.split()
+            except:
+                if "difficult" in line:
+                    line_split  = line.split()
+                    _difficult  = line_split[-1]
+                    bottom      = line_split[-2]
+                    right       = line_split[-3]
+                    top         = line_split[-4]
+                    left        = line_split[-5]
+                    class_name  = ""
+                    for name in line_split[:-5]:
+                        class_name += name + " "
+                    class_name  = class_name[:-1]
+                    is_difficult = True
+                else:
+                    line_split  = line.split()
+                    bottom      = line_split[-1]
+                    right       = line_split[-2]
+                    top         = line_split[-3]
+                    left        = line_split[-4]
+                    class_name  = ""
+                    for name in line_split[:-4]:
+                        class_name += name + " "
+                    class_name = class_name[:-1]
+
+            bbox = left + " " + top + " " + right + " " + bottom
+            if is_difficult:
+                bounding_boxes.append({"class_name":class_name, "bbox":bbox, "used":False, "difficult":True})
+                is_difficult = False
+            else:
+                bounding_boxes.append({"class_name":class_name, "bbox":bbox, "used":False})
+                if class_name in gt_counter_per_class:
+                    gt_counter_per_class[class_name] += 1
+                else:
+                    gt_counter_per_class[class_name] = 1
+
+                if class_name not in already_seen_classes:
+                    if class_name in counter_images_per_class:
+                        counter_images_per_class[class_name] += 1
+                    else:
+                        counter_images_per_class[class_name] = 1
+                    already_seen_classes.append(class_name)
+
+        with open(TEMP_FILES_PATH + "/" + file_id + "_ground_truth.json", 'w') as outfile:
+            json.dump(bounding_boxes, outfile)
+
+    gt_classes  = list(gt_counter_per_class.keys())
+    gt_classes  = sorted(gt_classes)
+    n_classes   = len(gt_classes)
+
+    dr_files_list = glob.glob(DR_PATH + '/*.txt')
+    dr_files_list.sort()
+    for class_index, class_name in enumerate(gt_classes):
+        bounding_boxes = []
+        for txt_file in dr_files_list:
+            file_id = txt_file.split(".txt",1)[0]
+            file_id = os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(file_id))
+            temp_path = os.path.join(GT_PATH, (file_id + ".txt"))
+            if class_index == 0:
+                if not os.path.exists(temp_path):
+                    error_msg = "Error. File not found: {}\n".format(temp_path)
+                    error(error_msg)
+            lines = file_lines_to_list(txt_file)
+            for line in lines:
+                try:
+                    tmp_class_name, confidence, left, top, right, bottom = line.split()
+                except:
+                    line_split      = line.split()
+                    bottom          = line_split[-1]
+                    right           = line_split[-2]
+                    top             = line_split[-3]
+                    left            = line_split[-4]
+                    confidence      = line_split[-5]
+                    tmp_class_name  = ""
+                    for name in line_split[:-5]:
+                        tmp_class_name += name + " "
+                    tmp_class_name  = tmp_class_name[:-1]
+
+                if tmp_class_name == class_name:
+                    bbox = left + " " + top + " " + right + " " +bottom
+                    bounding_boxes.append({"confidence":confidence, "file_id":file_id, "bbox":bbox})
+
+        bounding_boxes.sort(key=lambda x:float(x['confidence']), reverse=True)
+        with open(TEMP_FILES_PATH + "/" + class_name + "_dr.json", 'w') as outfile:
+            json.dump(bounding_boxes, outfile)
+
+    sum_AP = 0.0
+    ap_dictionary = {}
+    lamr_dictionary = {}
+    with open(RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/results.txt", 'w') as results_file:
+        results_file.write("# AP and precision/recall per class\n")
+        count_true_positives = {}
+
+        for class_index, class_name in enumerate(gt_classes):
+            count_true_positives[class_name] = 0
+            dr_file = TEMP_FILES_PATH + "/" + class_name + "_dr.json"
+            dr_data = json.load(open(dr_file))
+
+            nd          = len(dr_data)
+            tp          = [0] * nd
+            fp          = [0] * nd
+            score       = [0] * nd
+            score05_idx = 0
+            for idx, detection in enumerate(dr_data):
+                file_id     = detection["file_id"]
+                score[idx]  = float(detection["confidence"])
+                if score[idx] > 0.5:
+                    score05_idx = idx
+
+                if show_animation:
+                    ground_truth_img = glob.glob1(IMG_PATH, file_id + ".*")
+                    if len(ground_truth_img) == 0:
+                        error("Error. Image not found with id: " + file_id)
+                    elif len(ground_truth_img) > 1:
+                        error("Error. Multiple image with id: " + file_id)
+                    else:
+                        img = cv2.imread(IMG_PATH + "/" + ground_truth_img[0])
+                        img_cumulative_path = RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/images/" + ground_truth_img[0]
+                        if os.path.isfile(img_cumulative_path):
+                            img_cumulative = cv2.imread(img_cumulative_path)
+                        else:
+                            img_cumulative = img.copy()
+                        bottom_border = 60
+                        BLACK = [0, 0, 0]
+                        img = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, 0, bottom_border, 0, 0, cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=BLACK)
+
+                gt_file             = TEMP_FILES_PATH + "/" + file_id + "_ground_truth.json"
+                ground_truth_data   = json.load(open(gt_file))
+                ovmax       = -1
+                gt_match    = -1
+                bb          = [float(x) for x in detection["bbox"].split()]
+                for obj in ground_truth_data:
+                    if obj["class_name"] == class_name:
+                        bbgt    = [ float(x) for x in obj["bbox"].split() ]
+                        bi      = [max(bb[0],bbgt[0]), max(bb[1],bbgt[1]), min(bb[2],bbgt[2]), min(bb[3],bbgt[3])]
+                        iw      = bi[2] - bi[0] + 1
+                        ih      = bi[3] - bi[1] + 1
+                        if iw > 0 and ih > 0:
+                            ua = (bb[2] - bb[0] + 1) * (bb[3] - bb[1] + 1) + (bbgt[2] - bbgt[0]
+                                            + 1) * (bbgt[3] - bbgt[1] + 1) - iw * ih
+                            ov = iw * ih / ua
+                            if ov > ovmax:
+                                ovmax = ov
+                                gt_match = obj
+
+                if show_animation:
+                    status = "NO MATCH FOUND!" 
+                    
+                min_overlap = MINOVERLAP
+                if ovmax >= min_overlap:
+                    if "difficult" not in gt_match:
+                        if not bool(gt_match["used"]):
+                            tp[idx] = 1
+                            gt_match["used"] = True
+                            count_true_positives[class_name] += 1
+                            with open(gt_file, 'w') as f:
+                                    f.write(json.dumps(ground_truth_data))
+                            if show_animation:
+                                status = "MATCH!"
+                        else:
+                            fp[idx] = 1
+                            if show_animation:
+                                status = "REPEATED MATCH!"
+                else:
+                    fp[idx] = 1
+                    if ovmax > 0:
+                        status = "INSUFFICIENT OVERLAP"
+
+                """
+                Draw image to show animation
+                """
+                if show_animation:
+                    height, widht = img.shape[:2]
+                    white           = (255,255,255)
+                    light_blue      = (255,200,100)
+                    green           = (0,255,0)
+                    light_red       = (30,30,255)
+                    margin          = 10
+                    # 1nd line
+                    v_pos           = int(height - margin - (bottom_border / 2.0))
+                    text            = "Image: " + ground_truth_img[0] + " "
+                    img, line_width = draw_text_in_image(img, text, (margin, v_pos), white, 0)
+                    text            = "Class [" + str(class_index) + "/" + str(n_classes) + "]: " + class_name + " "
+                    img, line_width = draw_text_in_image(img, text, (margin + line_width, v_pos), light_blue, line_width)
+                    if ovmax != -1:
+                        color       = light_red
+                        if status   == "INSUFFICIENT OVERLAP":
+                            text    = "IoU: {0:.2f}% ".format(ovmax*100) + "< {0:.2f}% ".format(min_overlap*100)
+                        else:
+                            text    = "IoU: {0:.2f}% ".format(ovmax*100) + ">= {0:.2f}% ".format(min_overlap*100)
+                            color   = green
+                        img, _ = draw_text_in_image(img, text, (margin + line_width, v_pos), color, line_width)
+                    # 2nd line
+                    v_pos           += int(bottom_border / 2.0)
+                    rank_pos        = str(idx+1)
+                    text            = "Detection #rank: " + rank_pos + " confidence: {0:.2f}% ".format(float(detection["confidence"])*100)
+                    img, line_width = draw_text_in_image(img, text, (margin, v_pos), white, 0)
+                    color           = light_red
+                    if status == "MATCH!":
+                        color = green
+                    text            = "Result: " + status + " "
+                    img, line_width = draw_text_in_image(img, text, (margin + line_width, v_pos), color, line_width)
+
+                    font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
+                    if ovmax > 0: 
+                        bbgt = [ int(round(float(x))) for x in gt_match["bbox"].split() ]
+                        cv2.rectangle(img,(bbgt[0],bbgt[1]),(bbgt[2],bbgt[3]),light_blue,2)
+                        cv2.rectangle(img_cumulative,(bbgt[0],bbgt[1]),(bbgt[2],bbgt[3]),light_blue,2)
+                        cv2.putText(img_cumulative, class_name, (bbgt[0],bbgt[1] - 5), font, 0.6, light_blue, 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
+                    bb = [int(i) for i in bb]
+                    cv2.rectangle(img,(bb[0],bb[1]),(bb[2],bb[3]),color,2)
+                    cv2.rectangle(img_cumulative,(bb[0],bb[1]),(bb[2],bb[3]),color,2)
+                    cv2.putText(img_cumulative, class_name, (bb[0],bb[1] - 5), font, 0.6, color, 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
+
+                    cv2.imshow("Animation", img)
+                    cv2.waitKey(20) 
+                    output_img_path = RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/images/detections_one_by_one/" + class_name + "_detection" + str(idx) + ".jpg"
+                    cv2.imwrite(output_img_path, img)
+                    cv2.imwrite(img_cumulative_path, img_cumulative)
+
+            cumsum = 0
+            for idx, val in enumerate(fp):
+                fp[idx] += cumsum
+                cumsum += val
+                
+            cumsum = 0
+            for idx, val in enumerate(tp):
+                tp[idx] += cumsum
+                cumsum += val
+
+            rec = tp[:]
+            for idx, val in enumerate(tp):
+                rec[idx] = float(tp[idx]) / np.maximum(gt_counter_per_class[class_name], 1)
+
+            prec = tp[:]
+            for idx, val in enumerate(tp):
+                prec[idx] = float(tp[idx]) / np.maximum((fp[idx] + tp[idx]), 1)
+
+            ap, mrec, mprec = voc_ap(rec[:], prec[:])
+            F1  = np.array(rec)*np.array(prec)*2 / np.where((np.array(prec)+np.array(rec))==0, 1, (np.array(prec)+np.array(rec)))
+
+            sum_AP  += ap
+            text    = "{0:.2f}%".format(ap*100) + " = " + class_name + " AP " #class_name + " AP = {0:.2f}%".format(ap*100)
+
+            if len(prec)>0:
+                F1_text         = "{0:.2f}".format(F1[score05_idx]) + " = " + class_name + " F1 "
+                Recall_text     = "{0:.2f}%".format(rec[score05_idx]*100) + " = " + class_name + " Recall "
+                Precision_text  = "{0:.2f}%".format(prec[score05_idx]*100) + " = " + class_name + " Precision "
+            else:
+                F1_text         = "0.00" + " = " + class_name + " F1 " 
+                Recall_text     = "0.00%" + " = " + class_name + " Recall " 
+                Precision_text  = "0.00%" + " = " + class_name + " Precision " 
+
+            rounded_prec    = [ '%.2f' % elem for elem in prec ]
+            rounded_rec     = [ '%.2f' % elem for elem in rec ]
+            results_file.write(text + "\n Precision: " + str(rounded_prec) + "\n Recall :" + str(rounded_rec) + "\n\n")
+            if len(prec)>0:
+                print(text + "\t||\tscore_threhold=0.5 : " + "F1=" + "{0:.2f}".format(F1[score05_idx])\
+                    + " ; Recall=" + "{0:.2f}%".format(rec[score05_idx]*100) + " ; Precision=" + "{0:.2f}%".format(prec[score05_idx]*100))
+            else:
+                print(text + "\t||\tscore_threhold=0.5 : F1=0.00% ; Recall=0.00% ; Precision=0.00%")
+            ap_dictionary[class_name] = ap
+
+            n_images = counter_images_per_class[class_name]
+            lamr, mr, fppi = log_average_miss_rate(np.array(rec), np.array(fp), n_images)
+            lamr_dictionary[class_name] = lamr
+
+            if draw_plot:
+                plt.plot(rec, prec, '-o')
+                area_under_curve_x = mrec[:-1] + [mrec[-2]] + [mrec[-1]]
+                area_under_curve_y = mprec[:-1] + [0.0] + [mprec[-1]]
+                plt.fill_between(area_under_curve_x, 0, area_under_curve_y, alpha=0.2, edgecolor='r')
+
+                fig = plt.gcf()
+                fig.canvas.set_window_title('AP ' + class_name)
+
+                plt.title('class: ' + text)
+                plt.xlabel('Recall')
+                plt.ylabel('Precision')
+                axes = plt.gca()
+                axes.set_xlim([0.0,1.0])
+                axes.set_ylim([0.0,1.05]) 
+                fig.savefig(RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/AP/" + class_name + ".png")
+                plt.cla()
+
+                plt.plot(score, F1, "-", color='orangered')
+                plt.title('class: ' + F1_text + "\nscore_threhold=0.5")
+                plt.xlabel('Score_Threhold')
+                plt.ylabel('F1')
+                axes = plt.gca()
+                axes.set_xlim([0.0,1.0])
+                axes.set_ylim([0.0,1.05])
+                fig.savefig(RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/F1/" + class_name + ".png")
+                plt.cla()
+
+                plt.plot(score, rec, "-H", color='gold')
+                plt.title('class: ' + Recall_text + "\nscore_threhold=0.5")
+                plt.xlabel('Score_Threhold')
+                plt.ylabel('Recall')
+                axes = plt.gca()
+                axes.set_xlim([0.0,1.0])
+                axes.set_ylim([0.0,1.05])
+                fig.savefig(RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/Recall/" + class_name + ".png")
+                plt.cla()
+
+                plt.plot(score, prec, "-s", color='palevioletred')
+                plt.title('class: ' + Precision_text + "\nscore_threhold=0.5")
+                plt.xlabel('Score_Threhold')
+                plt.ylabel('Precision')
+                axes = plt.gca()
+                axes.set_xlim([0.0,1.0])
+                axes.set_ylim([0.0,1.05])
+                fig.savefig(RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/Precision/" + class_name + ".png")
+                plt.cla()
+                
+        if show_animation:
+            cv2.destroyAllWindows()
+
+        results_file.write("\n# mAP of all classes\n")
+        mAP     = sum_AP / n_classes
+        text    = "mAP = {0:.2f}%".format(mAP*100)
+        results_file.write(text + "\n")
+        print(text)
+
+    shutil.rmtree(TEMP_FILES_PATH)
+
+    """
+    Count total of detection-results
+    """
+    det_counter_per_class = {}
+    for txt_file in dr_files_list:
+        lines_list = file_lines_to_list(txt_file)
+        for line in lines_list:
+            class_name = line.split()[0]
+            if class_name in det_counter_per_class:
+                det_counter_per_class[class_name] += 1
+            else:
+                det_counter_per_class[class_name] = 1
+    dr_classes = list(det_counter_per_class.keys())
+
+    """
+    Write number of ground-truth objects per class to results.txt
+    """
+    with open(RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/results.txt", 'a') as results_file:
+        results_file.write("\n# Number of ground-truth objects per class\n")
+        for class_name in sorted(gt_counter_per_class):
+            results_file.write(class_name + ": " + str(gt_counter_per_class[class_name]) + "\n")
+
+    """
+    Finish counting true positives
+    """
+    for class_name in dr_classes:
+        if class_name not in gt_classes:
+            count_true_positives[class_name] = 0
+
+    """
+    Write number of detected objects per class to results.txt
+    """
+    with open(RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/results.txt", 'a') as results_file:
+        results_file.write("\n# Number of detected objects per class\n")
+        for class_name in sorted(dr_classes):
+            n_det = det_counter_per_class[class_name]
+            text = class_name + ": " + str(n_det)
+            text += " (tp:" + str(count_true_positives[class_name]) + ""
+            text += ", fp:" + str(n_det - count_true_positives[class_name]) + ")\n"
+            results_file.write(text)
+
+    """
+    Plot the total number of occurences of each class in the ground-truth
+    """
+    if draw_plot:
+        window_title = "ground-truth-info"
+        plot_title = "ground-truth\n"
+        plot_title += "(" + str(len(ground_truth_files_list)) + " files and " + str(n_classes) + " classes)"
+        x_label = "Number of objects per class"
+        output_path = RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/ground-truth-info.png"
+        to_show = False
+        plot_color = 'forestgreen'
+        draw_plot_func(
+            gt_counter_per_class,
+            n_classes,
+            window_title,
+            plot_title,
+            x_label,
+            output_path,
+            to_show,
+            plot_color,
+            '',
+            )
+
+    # """
+    # Plot the total number of occurences of each class in the "detection-results" folder
+    # """
+    # if draw_plot:
+    #     window_title = "detection-results-info"
+    #     # Plot title
+    #     plot_title = "detection-results\n"
+    #     plot_title += "(" + str(len(dr_files_list)) + " files and "
+    #     count_non_zero_values_in_dictionary = sum(int(x) > 0 for x in list(det_counter_per_class.values()))
+    #     plot_title += str(count_non_zero_values_in_dictionary) + " detected classes)"
+    #     # end Plot title
+    #     x_label = "Number of objects per class"
+    #     output_path = RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/detection-results-info.png"
+    #     to_show = False
+    #     plot_color = 'forestgreen'
+    #     true_p_bar = count_true_positives
+    #     draw_plot_func(
+    #         det_counter_per_class,
+    #         len(det_counter_per_class),
+    #         window_title,
+    #         plot_title,
+    #         x_label,
+    #         output_path,
+    #         to_show,
+    #         plot_color,
+    #         true_p_bar
+    #         )
+
+    """
+    Draw log-average miss rate plot (Show lamr of all classes in decreasing order)
+    """
+    if draw_plot:
+        window_title = "lamr"
+        plot_title = "log-average miss rate"
+        x_label = "log-average miss rate"
+        output_path = RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/lamr.png"
+        to_show = False
+        plot_color = 'royalblue'
+        draw_plot_func(
+            lamr_dictionary,
+            n_classes,
+            window_title,
+            plot_title,
+            x_label,
+            output_path,
+            to_show,
+            plot_color,
+            ""
+            )
+
+    """
+    Draw mAP plot (Show AP's of all classes in decreasing order)
+    """
+    if draw_plot:
+        window_title = "mAP"
+        plot_title = "mAP = {0:.2f}%".format(mAP*100)
+        x_label = "Average Precision"
+        output_path = RESULTS_FILES_PATH + "/mAP.png"
+        to_show = True
+        plot_color = 'royalblue'
+        draw_plot_func(
+            ap_dictionary,
+            n_classes,
+            window_title,
+            plot_title,
+            x_label,
+            output_path,
+            to_show,
+            plot_color,
+            ""
+            )
+
+def preprocess_gt(gt_path, class_names):
+    image_ids   = os.listdir(gt_path)
+    results = {}
+
+    images = []
+    bboxes = []
+    for i, image_id in enumerate(image_ids):
+        lines_list      = file_lines_to_list(os.path.join(gt_path, image_id))
+        boxes_per_image = []
+        image           = {}
+        image_id        = os.path.splitext(image_id)[0]
+        image['file_name'] = image_id + '.jpg'
+        image['width']     = 1
+        image['height']    = 1
+        #-----------------------------------------------------------------#
+        #   感谢 多学学英语吧 的提醒
+        #   解决了'Results do not correspond to current coco set'问题
+        #-----------------------------------------------------------------#
+        image['id']        = str(image_id)
+
+        for line in lines_list:
+            difficult = 0 
+            if "difficult" in line:
+                line_split  = line.split()
+                left, top, right, bottom, _difficult = line_split[-5:]
+                class_name  = ""
+                for name in line_split[:-5]:
+                    class_name += name + " "
+                class_name  = class_name[:-1]
+                difficult = 1
+            else:
+                line_split  = line.split()
+                left, top, right, bottom = line_split[-4:]
+                class_name  = ""
+                for name in line_split[:-4]:
+                    class_name += name + " "
+                class_name = class_name[:-1]
+            
+            left, top, right, bottom = float(left), float(top), float(right), float(bottom)
+            cls_id  = class_names.index(class_name) + 1
+            bbox    = [left, top, right - left, bottom - top, difficult, str(image_id), cls_id, (right - left) * (bottom - top) - 10.0]
+            boxes_per_image.append(bbox)
+        images.append(image)
+        bboxes.extend(boxes_per_image)
+    results['images']        = images
+
+    categories = []
+    for i, cls in enumerate(class_names):
+        category = {}
+        category['supercategory']   = cls
+        category['name']            = cls
+        category['id']              = i + 1
+        categories.append(category)
+    results['categories']   = categories
+
+    annotations = []
+    for i, box in enumerate(bboxes):
+        annotation = {}
+        annotation['area']        = box[-1]
+        annotation['category_id'] = box[-2]
+        annotation['image_id']    = box[-3]
+        annotation['iscrowd']     = box[-4]
+        annotation['bbox']        = box[:4]
+        annotation['id']          = i
+        annotations.append(annotation)
+    results['annotations'] = annotations
+    return results
+
+def preprocess_dr(dr_path, class_names):
+    image_ids = os.listdir(dr_path)
+    results = []
+    for image_id in image_ids:
+        lines_list      = file_lines_to_list(os.path.join(dr_path, image_id))
+        image_id        = os.path.splitext(image_id)[0]
+        for line in lines_list:
+            line_split  = line.split()
+            confidence, left, top, right, bottom = line_split[-5:]
+            class_name  = ""
+            for name in line_split[:-5]:
+                class_name += name + " "
+            class_name  = class_name[:-1]
+            left, top, right, bottom = float(left), float(top), float(right), float(bottom)
+            result                  = {}
+            result["image_id"]      = str(image_id)
+            result["category_id"]   = class_names.index(class_name) + 1
+            result["bbox"]          = [left, top, right - left, bottom - top]
+            result["score"]         = float(confidence)
+            results.append(result)
+    return results
+ 
+def get_coco_map(class_names, path):
+    from pycocotools.coco import COCO
+    from pycocotools.cocoeval import COCOeval
+    
+    GT_PATH     = os.path.join(path, 'ground-truth')
+    DR_PATH     = os.path.join(path, 'detection-results')
+    COCO_PATH   = os.path.join(path, 'coco_eval')
+
+    if not os.path.exists(COCO_PATH):
+        os.makedirs(COCO_PATH)
+
+    GT_JSON_PATH = os.path.join(COCO_PATH, 'instances_gt.json')
+    DR_JSON_PATH = os.path.join(COCO_PATH, 'instances_dr.json')
+
+    with open(GT_JSON_PATH, "w") as f:
+        results_gt  = preprocess_gt(GT_PATH, class_names)
+        json.dump(results_gt, f, indent=4)
+
+    with open(DR_JSON_PATH, "w") as f:
+        results_dr  = preprocess_dr(DR_PATH, class_names)
+        json.dump(results_dr, f, indent=4)
+
+    cocoGt      = COCO(GT_JSON_PATH)
+    cocoDt      = cocoGt.loadRes(DR_JSON_PATH)
+    cocoEval    = COCOeval(cocoGt, cocoDt, 'bbox') 
+    cocoEval.evaluate()
+    cocoEval.accumulate()
+    cocoEval.summarize()

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/SSD/voc_annotation.py

+import os
+import random
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+
+from utils.utils import get_classes
+
+#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
+#   annotation_mode用于指定该文件运行时计算的内容
+#   annotation_mode为0代表整个标签处理过程，包括获得VOCdevkit/VOC2007/ImageSets里面的txt以及训练用的2007_train.txt、2007_val.txt
+#   annotation_mode为1代表获得VOCdevkit/VOC2007/ImageSets里面的txt
+#   annotation_mode为2代表获得训练用的2007_train.txt、2007_val.txt
+#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
+annotation_mode     = 2
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------#
+#   必须要修改，用于生成2007_train.txt、2007_val.txt的目标信息
+#   与训练和预测所用的classes_path一致即可
+#   如果生成的2007_train.txt里面没有目标信息
+#   那么就是因为classes没有设定正确
+#   仅在annotation_mode为0和2的时候有效
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------#
+classes_path        = 'model_data/voc_classes.txt'
+#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
+#   trainval_percent用于指定(训练集+验证集)与测试集的比例，默认情况下 (训练集+验证集):测试集 = 9:1
+#   train_percent用于指定(训练集+验证集)中训练集与验证集的比例，默认情况下 训练集:验证集 = 9:1
+#   仅在annotation_mode为0和1的时候有效
+#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
+trainval_percent    = 0.9
+train_percent       = 0.9
+#-------------------------------------------------------#
+#   指向VOC数据集所在的文件夹
+#   默认指向根目录下的VOC数据集
+#-------------------------------------------------------#
+VOCdevkit_path  = 'VOCdevkit'
+
+VOCdevkit_sets  = [('2012', 'train'), ('2012', 'val')]
+classes, _      = get_classes(classes_path)
+
+def convert_annotation(year, image_id, list_file):
+    in_file = open(os.path.join(VOCdevkit_path, 'VOC%s/Annotations/%s.xml'%(year, image_id)), encoding='utf-8')
+    tree=ET.parse(in_file)
+    root = tree.getroot()
+
+    for obj in root.iter('object'):
+        difficult = 0 
+        if obj.find('difficult')!=None:
+            difficult = obj.find('difficult').text
+        cls = obj.find('name').text
+        if cls not in classes or int(difficult)==1:
+            continue
+        cls_id = classes.index(cls)
+        xmlbox = obj.find('bndbox')
+        b = (int(float(xmlbox.find('xmin').text)), int(float(xmlbox.find('ymin').text)), int(float(xmlbox.find('xmax').text)), int(float(xmlbox.find('ymax').text)))
+        list_file.write(" " + ",".join([str(a) for a in b]) + ',' + str(cls_id))
+        
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    random.seed(0)
+    if annotation_mode == 0 or annotation_mode == 1:
+        print("Generate txt in ImageSets.")
+        xmlfilepath     = os.path.join(VOCdevkit_path, 'VOC2012/Annotations')
+        saveBasePath    = os.path.join(VOCdevkit_path, 'VOC2012/ImageSets/Main')
+        temp_xml        = os.listdir(xmlfilepath)
+        total_xml       = []
+        for xml in temp_xml:
+            if xml.endswith(".xml"):
+                total_xml.append(xml)
+
+        num     = len(total_xml)  
+        list    = range(num)  
+        tv      = int(num*trainval_percent)  
+        tr      = int(tv*train_percent)  
+        trainval= random.sample(list,tv)  
+        train   = random.sample(trainval,tr)  
+        
+        print("train and val size",tv)
+        print("train size",tr)
+        ftrainval   = open(os.path.join(saveBasePath,'trainval.txt'), 'w')  
+        ftest       = open(os.path.join(saveBasePath,'test.txt'), 'w')  
+        ftrain      = open(os.path.join(saveBasePath,'train.txt'), 'w')  
+        fval        = open(os.path.join(saveBasePath,'val.txt'), 'w')  
+        
+        for i in list:  
+            name=total_xml[i][:-4]+'\n'  
+            if i in trainval:  
+                ftrainval.write(name)  
+                if i in train:  
+                    ftrain.write(name)  
+                else:  
+                    fval.write(name)  
+            else:  
+                ftest.write(name)  
+        
+        ftrainval.close()  
+        ftrain.close()  
+        fval.close()  
+        ftest.close()
+        print("Generate txt in ImageSets done.")
+
+    if annotation_mode == 0 or annotation_mode == 2:
+        print("Generate 2007_train.txt and 2007_val.txt for train.")
+        for year, image_set in VOCdevkit_sets:
+            image_ids = open(os.path.join(VOCdevkit_path, 'VOC%s/ImageSets/Main/%s.txt'%(year, image_set)), encoding='utf-8').read().strip().split()
+            list_file = open('%s_%s.txt'%(year, image_set), 'w', encoding='utf-8')
+            for image_id in image_ids:
+                list_file.write('%s/VOC%s/JPEGImages/%s.jpg'%(os.path.abspath(VOCdevkit_path), year, image_id))
+
+                convert_annotation(year, image_id, list_file)
+                list_file.write('\n')
+            list_file.close()
+        print("Generate 2012_train.txt and 2012_val.txt for train done.")

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/SSD/常见问题汇总.md

+问题汇总的博客地址为[https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/107517428](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/107517428)。
+
+# 问题汇总
+## 1、下载问题
+### a、代码下载
+**问：up主，可以给我发一份代码吗，代码在哪里下载啊？ 
+答：Github上的地址就在视频简介里。复制一下就能进去下载了。**
+
+**问：up主，为什么我下载的代码提示压缩包损坏？
+答：重新去Github下载。**
+
+**问：up主，为什么我下载的代码和你在视频以及博客上的代码不一样？
+答：我常常会对代码进行更新，最终以实际的代码为准。**
+
+### b、 权值下载
+**问：up主，为什么我下载的代码里面，model_data下面没有.pth或者.h5文件？ 
+答：我一般会把权值上传到Github和百度网盘，在GITHUB的README里面就能找到。**
+
+### c、 数据集下载
+**问：up主，XXXX数据集在哪里下载啊？
+答：一般数据集的下载地址我会放在README里面，基本上都有，没有的话请及时联系我添加，直接发github的issue即可**。
+
+## 2、环境配置问题
+### a、现在库中所用的环境
+**pytorch代码对应的pytorch版本为1.2，博客地址对应**[https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/106037141](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/106037141)。
+
+**keras代码对应的tensorflow版本为1.13.2，keras版本是2.1.5，博客地址对应**[https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/104702142](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/104702142)。
+
+**tf2代码对应的tensorflow版本为2.2.0，无需安装keras，博客地址对应**[https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/109161493](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/109161493)。
+
+**问：你的代码某某某版本的tensorflow和pytorch能用嘛？
+答：最好按照我推荐的配置，配置教程也有！其它版本的我没有试过！可能出现问题但是一般问题不大。仅需要改少量代码即可。**
+
+### b、30系列显卡环境配置
+30系显卡由于框架更新不可使用上述环境配置教程。
+当前我已经测试的可以用的30显卡配置如下：
+**pytorch代码对应的pytorch版本为1.7.0，cuda为11.0，cudnn为8.0.5**。
+
+**keras代码无法在win10下配置cuda11，在ubuntu下可以百度查询一下，配置tensorflow版本为1.15.4，keras版本是2.1.5或者2.3.1（少量函数接口不同，代码可能还需要少量调整。）**
+
+**tf2代码对应的tensorflow版本为2.4.0，cuda为11.0，cudnn为8.0.5**。
+
+### c、GPU利用问题与环境使用问题
+**问：为什么我安装了tensorflow-gpu但是却没用利用GPU进行训练呢？
+答：确认tensorflow-gpu已经装好，利用pip list查看tensorflow版本，然后查看任务管理器或者利用nvidia命令看看是否使用了gpu进行训练，任务管理器的话要看显存使用情况。**
+
+**问：up主，我好像没有在用gpu进行训练啊，怎么看是不是用了GPU进行训练？
+答：查看是否使用GPU进行训练一般使用NVIDIA在命令行的查看命令，如果要看任务管理器的话，请看性能部分GPU的显存是否利用，或者查看任务管理器的Cuda，而非Copy。**
+![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201013234241524.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDc5MTk2NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center)
+
+**问：up主，为什么我按照你的环境配置后还是不能使用？
+答：请把你的GPU、CUDA、CUDNN、TF版本以及PYTORCH版本B站私聊告诉我。**
+
+**问：出现如下错误**
+```python
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "C:\Users\focus\Anaconda3\ana\envs\tensorflow-gpu\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
+ from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
+File "C:\Users\focus\Anaconda3\ana\envs\tensorflow-gpu\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
+pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
+  File "C:\Users\focus\Anaconda3\ana\envs\tensorflow-gpu\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
+    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
+File "C:\Users\focus\Anaconda3\ana\envs\tensorflow-gpu\lib\imp.py", line 243, in load_modulereturn load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
+File "C:\Users\focus\Anaconda3\ana\envs\tensorflow-gpu\lib\imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
+    return _load(spec)
+ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。
+```
+**答：如果没重启过就重启一下，否则重新按照步骤安装，还无法解决则把你的GPU、CUDA、CUDNN、TF版本以及PYTORCH版本私聊告诉我。**
+
+### d、no module问题
+**问：为什么提示说no module name utils.utils（no module name nets.yolo、no module name nets.ssd等一系列问题）啊？
+答：utils并不需要用pip装，它就在我上传的仓库的根目录，出现这个问题的原因是根目录不对，查查相对目录和根目录的概念。查了基本上就明白了。**
+
+**问：为什么提示说no module name matplotlib（no module name PIL，no module name cv2等等）？
+答：这个库没安装打开命令行安装就好。pip install matplotlib**
+
+**问：为什么我已经用pip装了opencv（pillow、matplotlib等），还是提示no module name cv2？
+答：没有激活环境装，要激活对应的conda环境进行安装才可以正常使用**
+
+**问：为什么提示说No module named 'torch' ？
+答：其实我也真的很想知道为什么会有这个问题……这个pytorch没装是什么情况？一般就俩情况，一个是真的没装，还有一个是装到其它环境了，当前激活的环境不是自己装的环境。**
+
+**问：为什么提示说No module named 'tensorflow' ？
+答：同上。**
+
+### e、cuda安装失败问题
+一般cuda安装前需要安装Visual Studio，装个2017版本即可。
+
+### f、Ubuntu系统问题
+**所有代码在Ubuntu下可以使用，我两个系统都试过。**
+
+### g、VSCODE提示错误的问题
+**问：为什么在VSCODE里面提示一大堆的错误啊？
+答：我也提示一大堆的错误，但是不影响，是VSCODE的问题，如果不想看错误的话就装Pycharm。**
+
+### h、使用cpu进行训练与预测的问题
+**对于keras和tf2的代码而言，如果想用cpu进行训练和预测，直接装cpu版本的tensorflow就可以了。**
+
+**对于pytorch的代码而言，如果想用cpu进行训练和预测，需要将cuda=True修改成cuda=False。**
+
+### i、tqdm没有pos参数问题
+**问：运行代码提示'tqdm' object has no attribute 'pos'。
+答：重装tqdm，换个版本就可以了。**
+
+### j、提示decode(“utf-8”)的问题
+**由于h5py库的更新，安装过程中会自动安装h5py=3.0.0以上的版本，会导致decode("utf-8")的错误！
+各位一定要在安装完tensorflow后利用命令装h5py=2.10.0！**
+```
+pip install h5py==2.10.0
+```
+
+### k、提示TypeError: __array__() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given错误
+可以修改pillow版本解决。
+```
+pip install pillow==8.2.0
+```
+
+### l、其它问题
+**问：为什么提示TypeError: cat() got an unexpected keyword argument 'axis'，Traceback (most recent call last)，AttributeError: 'Tensor' object has no attribute 'bool'？
+答：这是版本问题，建议使用torch1.2以上版本**
+**其它有很多稀奇古怪的问题，很多是版本问题，建议按照我的视频教程安装Keras和tensorflow。比如装的是tensorflow2，就不用问我说为什么我没法运行Keras-yolo啥的。那是必然不行的。**
+
+## 3、目标检测库问题汇总（人脸检测和分类库也可参考）
+### a、shape不匹配问题
+#### 1）、训练时shape不匹配问题
+**问：up主，为什么运行train.py会提示shape不匹配啊？
+答：在keras环境中，因为你训练的种类和原始的种类不同，网络结构会变化，所以最尾部的shape会有少量不匹配。**
+
+#### 2）、预测时shape不匹配问题
+**问：为什么我运行predict.py会提示我说shape不匹配呀。
+在Pytorch里面是这样的：**
+![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200722171631901.png)
+在Keras里面是这样的：
+![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200722171523380.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDc5MTk2NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
+**答：原因主要有仨：
+1、在ssd、FasterRCNN里面，可能是train.py里面的num_classes没改。
+2、model_path没改。
+3、classes_path没改。
+请检查清楚了！确定自己所用的model_path和classes_path是对应的！训练的时候用到的num_classes或者classes_path也需要检查！**
+
+### b、显存不足问题
+**问：为什么我运行train.py下面的命令行闪的贼快，还提示OOM啥的？ 
+答：这是在keras中出现的，爆显存了，可以改小batch_size，SSD的显存占用率是最小的，建议用SSD；
+2G显存：SSD、YOLOV4-TINY
+4G显存：YOLOV3
+6G显存：YOLOV4、Retinanet、M2det、Efficientdet、Faster RCNN等
+8G+显存：随便选吧。**
+**需要注意的是，受到BatchNorm2d影响，batch_size不可为1，至少为2。**
+
+**问：为什么提示 RuntimeError: CUDA out of memory. Tried to allocate 52.00 MiB (GPU 0; 15.90 GiB total capacity; 14.85 GiB already allocated; 51.88 MiB free; 15.07 GiB reserved in total by PyTorch)？ 
+答：这是pytorch中出现的，爆显存了，同上。**
+
+**问：为什么我显存都没利用，就直接爆显存了？ 
+答：都爆显存了，自然就不利用了，模型没有开始训练。**
+### c、训练问题（冻结训练，LOSS问题、训练效果问题等）
+**问：为什么要冻结训练和解冻训练呀？
+答：这是迁移学习的思想，因为神经网络主干特征提取部分所提取到的特征是通用的，我们冻结起来训练可以加快训练效率，也可以防止权值被破坏。**
+在冻结阶段，模型的主干被冻结了，特征提取网络不发生改变。占用的显存较小，仅对网络进行微调。
+在解冻阶段，模型的主干不被冻结了，特征提取网络会发生改变。占用的显存较大，网络所有的参数都会发生改变。
+
+**问：为什么我的网络不收敛啊，LOSS是XXXX。
+答：不同网络的LOSS不同，LOSS只是一个参考指标，用于查看网络是否收敛，而非评价网络好坏，我的yolo代码都没有归一化，所以LOSS值看起来比较高，LOSS的值不重要，重要的是是否在变小，预测是否有效果。**
+
+**问：为什么我的训练效果不好？预测了没有框（框不准）。
+答：**
+
+考虑几个问题：
+1、目标信息问题，查看2007_train.txt文件是否有目标信息，没有的话请修改voc_annotation.py。
+2、数据集问题，小于500的自行考虑增加数据集，同时测试不同的模型，确认数据集是好的。
+3、是否解冻训练，如果数据集分布与常规画面差距过大需要进一步解冻训练，调整主干，加强特征提取能力。
+4、网络问题，比如SSD不适合小目标，因为先验框固定了。
+5、训练时长问题，有些同学只训练了几代表示没有效果，按默认参数训练完。
+6、确认自己是否按照步骤去做了，如果比如voc_annotation.py里面的classes是否修改了等。
+7、不同网络的LOSS不同，LOSS只是一个参考指标，用于查看网络是否收敛，而非评价网络好坏，LOSS的值不重要，重要的是是否收敛。
+
+**问：我怎么出现了gbk什么的编码错误啊：**
+```python
+UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xa6 in position 446: illegal multibyte sequence
+```
+**答：标签和路径不要使用中文，如果一定要使用中文，请注意处理的时候编码的问题，改成打开文件的encoding方式改为utf-8。**
+
+**问：我的图片是xxx*xxx的分辨率的，可以用吗！**
+**答：可以用，代码里面会自动进行resize或者数据增强。**
+
+**问：怎么进行多GPU训练？
+答：pytorch的大多数代码可以直接使用gpu训练，keras的话直接百度就好了，实现并不复杂，我没有多卡没法详细测试，还需要各位同学自己努力了。**
+### d、灰度图问题
+**问：能不能训练灰度图（预测灰度图）啊？
+答：我的大多数库会将灰度图转化成RGB进行训练和预测，如果遇到代码不能训练或者预测灰度图的情况，可以尝试一下在get_random_data里面将Image.open后的结果转换成RGB，预测的时候也这样试试。（仅供参考）**
+
+### e、断点续练问题
+**问：我已经训练过几个世代了，能不能从这个基础上继续开始训练
+答：可以，你在训练前，和载入预训练权重一样载入训练过的权重就行了。一般训练好的权重会保存在logs文件夹里面，将model_path修改成你要开始的权值的路径即可。**
+
+### f、预训练权重的问题
+**问：如果我要训练其它的数据集，预训练权重要怎么办啊？**
+**答：数据的预训练权重对不同数据集是通用的，因为特征是通用的，预训练权重对于99%的情况都必须要用，不用的话权值太过随机，特征提取效果不明显，网络训练的结果也不会好。**
+
+**问：up，我修改了网络，预训练权重还能用吗？
+答：修改了主干的话，如果不是用的现有的网络，基本上预训练权重是不能用的，要么就自己判断权值里卷积核的shape然后自己匹配，要么只能自己预训练去了；修改了后半部分的话，前半部分的主干部分的预训练权重还是可以用的，如果是pytorch代码的话，需要自己修改一下载入权值的方式，判断shape后载入，如果是keras代码，直接by_name=True,skip_mismatch=True即可。**
+权值匹配的方式可以参考如下：
+```python
+# 加快模型训练的效率
+print('Loading weights into state dict...')
+device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
+model_dict = model.state_dict()
+pretrained_dict = torch.load(model_path, map_location=device)
+a = {}
+for k, v in pretrained_dict.items():
+    try:    
+        if np.shape(model_dict[k]) ==  np.shape(v):
+            a[k]=v
+    except:
+        pass
+model_dict.update(a)
+model.load_state_dict(model_dict)
+print('Finished!')
+```
+
+**问：我要怎么不使用预训练权重啊？
+答：把载入预训练权重的代码注释了就行。**
+
+**问：为什么我不使用预训练权重效果这么差啊？
+答：因为随机初始化的权值不好，提取的特征不好，也就导致了模型训练的效果不好，voc07+12、coco+voc07+12效果都不一样，预训练权重还是非常重要的。**
+
+### g、视频检测问题与摄像头检测问题
+**问：怎么用摄像头检测呀？
+答：predict.py修改参数可以进行摄像头检测，也有视频详细解释了摄像头检测的思路。**
+
+**问：怎么用视频检测呀？
+答：同上**
+### h、从0开始训练问题
+**问：怎么在模型上从0开始训练？
+答：在算力不足与调参能力不足的情况下从0开始训练毫无意义。模型特征提取能力在随机初始化参数的情况下非常差。没有好的参数调节能力和算力，无法使得网络正常收敛。**
+如果一定要从0开始，那么训练的时候请注意几点：
+ - 不载入预训练权重。 
+ - 不要进行冻结训练，注释冻结模型的代码。
+
+**问：为什么我不使用预训练权重效果这么差啊？
+答：因为随机初始化的权值不好，提取的特征不好，也就导致了模型训练的效果不好，voc07+12、coco+voc07+12效果都不一样，预训练权重还是非常重要的。**
+
+### i、保存问题
+**问：检测完的图片怎么保存？
+答：一般目标检测用的是Image，所以查询一下PIL库的Image如何进行保存。详细看看predict.py文件的注释。**
+
+**问：怎么用视频保存呀？
+答：详细看看predict.py文件的注释。**
+
+### j、遍历问题
+**问：如何对一个文件夹的图片进行遍历？
+答：一般使用os.listdir先找出文件夹里面的所有图片，然后根据predict.py文件里面的执行思路检测图片就行了，详细看看predict.py文件的注释。**
+
+**问：如何对一个文件夹的图片进行遍历？并且保存。
+答：遍历的话一般使用os.listdir先找出文件夹里面的所有图片，然后根据predict.py文件里面的执行思路检测图片就行了。保存的话一般目标检测用的是Image，所以查询一下PIL库的Image如何进行保存。如果有些库用的是cv2，那就是查一下cv2怎么保存图片。详细看看predict.py文件的注释。**
+
+### k、路径问题（No such file or directory）
+**问：我怎么出现了这样的错误呀：**
+```python
+FileNotFoundError: 【Errno 2】 No such file or directory
+……………………………………
+……………………………………
+```
+**答：去检查一下文件夹路径，查看是否有对应文件；并且检查一下2007_train.txt，其中文件路径是否有错。**
+关于路径有几个重要的点：
+**文件夹名称中一定不要有空格。
+注意相对路径和绝对路径。
+多百度路径相关的知识。**
+
+**所有的路径问题基本上都是根目录问题，好好查一下相对目录的概念！**
+### l、和原版比较问题
+**问：你这个代码和原版比怎么样，可以达到原版的效果么？
+答：基本上可以达到，我都用voc数据测过，我没有好显卡，没有能力在coco上测试与训练。**
+
+**问：你有没有实现yolov4所有的tricks，和原版差距多少？
+答：并没有实现全部的改进部分，由于YOLOV4使用的改进实在太多了，很难完全实现与列出来，这里只列出来了一些我比较感兴趣，而且非常有效的改进。论文中提到的SAM（注意力机制模块），作者自己的源码也没有使用。还有其它很多的tricks，不是所有的tricks都有提升，我也没法实现全部的tricks。至于和原版的比较，我没有能力训练coco数据集，根据使用过的同学反应差距不大。**
+
+### m、FPS问题（检测速度问题）
+**问：你这个FPS可以到达多少，可以到 XX FPS么？
+答：FPS和机子的配置有关，配置高就快，配置低就慢。**
+
+**问：为什么我用服务器去测试yolov4（or others）的FPS只有十几？
+答：检查是否正确安装了tensorflow-gpu或者pytorch的gpu版本，如果已经正确安装，可以去利用time.time()的方法查看detect_image里面，哪一段代码耗时更长（不仅只有网络耗时长，其它处理部分也会耗时，如绘图等）。**
+
+**问：为什么论文中说速度可以达到XX，但是这里却没有？
+答：检查是否正确安装了tensorflow-gpu或者pytorch的gpu版本，如果已经正确安装，可以去利用time.time()的方法查看detect_image里面，哪一段代码耗时更长（不仅只有网络耗时长，其它处理部分也会耗时，如绘图等）。有些论文还会使用多batch进行预测，我并没有去实现这个部分。**
+
+### n、预测图片不显示问题
+**问：为什么你的代码在预测完成后不显示图片？只是在命令行告诉我有什么目标。
+答：给系统安装一个图片查看器就行了。**
+
+### o、算法评价问题（目标检测的map、PR曲线、Recall、Precision等）
+**问：怎么计算map？
+答：看map视频，都一个流程。**
+
+**问：计算map的时候，get_map.py里面有一个MINOVERLAP是什么用的，是iou吗？
+答：是iou，它的作用是判断预测框和真实框的重合成度，如果重合程度大于MINOVERLAP，则预测正确。**
+
+**问：为什么get_map.py里面的self.confidence（self.score）要设置的那么小？
+答：看一下map的视频的原理部分，要知道所有的结果然后再进行pr曲线的绘制。**
+
+**问：能不能说说怎么绘制PR曲线啥的呀。
+答：可以看mAP视频，结果里面有PR曲线。**
+
+**问：怎么计算Recall、Precision指标。
+答：这俩指标应该是相对于特定的置信度的，计算map的时候也会获得。**
+
+### p、coco数据集训练问题
+**问：目标检测怎么训练COCO数据集啊？。
+答：coco数据训练所需要的txt文件可以参考qqwweee的yolo3的库，格式都是一样的。**
+
+### q、模型优化（模型修改）问题
+**问：up，YOLO系列使用Focal LOSS的代码你有吗，有提升吗？
+答：很多人试过，提升效果也不大（甚至变的更Low），它自己有自己的正负样本的平衡方式。**
+
+**问：up，我修改了网络，预训练权重还能用吗？
+答：修改了主干的话，如果不是用的现有的网络，基本上预训练权重是不能用的，要么就自己判断权值里卷积核的shape然后自己匹配，要么只能自己预训练去了；修改了后半部分的话，前半部分的主干部分的预训练权重还是可以用的，如果是pytorch代码的话，需要自己修改一下载入权值的方式，判断shape后载入，如果是keras代码，直接by_name=True,skip_mismatch=True即可。**
+权值匹配的方式可以参考如下：
+```python
+# 加快模型训练的效率
+print('Loading weights into state dict...')
+device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
+model_dict = model.state_dict()
+pretrained_dict = torch.load(model_path, map_location=device)
+a = {}
+for k, v in pretrained_dict.items():
+    try:    
+        if np.shape(model_dict[k]) ==  np.shape(v):
+            a[k]=v
+    except:
+        pass
+model_dict.update(a)
+model.load_state_dict(model_dict)
+print('Finished!')
+```
+
+**问：up，怎么修改模型啊，我想发个小论文！
+答：建议看看yolov3和yolov4的区别，然后看看yolov4的论文，作为一个大型调参现场非常有参考意义，使用了很多tricks。我能给的建议就是多看一些经典模型，然后拆解里面的亮点结构并使用。**
+
+### r、部署问题
+我没有具体部署到手机等设备上过，所以很多部署问题我并不了解……
+
+## 4、语义分割库问题汇总
+### a、shape不匹配问题
+#### 1）、训练时shape不匹配问题
+**问：up主，为什么运行train.py会提示shape不匹配啊？
+答：在keras环境中，因为你训练的种类和原始的种类不同，网络结构会变化，所以最尾部的shape会有少量不匹配。**
+
+#### 2）、预测时shape不匹配问题
+**问：为什么我运行predict.py会提示我说shape不匹配呀。
+在Pytorch里面是这样的：**
+![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200722171631901.png)
+在Keras里面是这样的：
+![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200722171523380.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDc5MTk2NA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
+**答：原因主要有二：
+1、train.py里面的num_classes没改。
+2、预测时num_classes没改。
+请检查清楚！训练和预测的时候用到的num_classes都需要检查！**
+
+### b、显存不足问题
+**问：为什么我运行train.py下面的命令行闪的贼快，还提示OOM啥的？ 
+答：这是在keras中出现的，爆显存了，可以改小batch_size。**
+
+**需要注意的是，受到BatchNorm2d影响，batch_size不可为1，至少为2。**
+
+**问：为什么提示 RuntimeError: CUDA out of memory. Tried to allocate 52.00 MiB (GPU 0; 15.90 GiB total capacity; 14.85 GiB already allocated; 51.88 MiB free; 15.07 GiB reserved in total by PyTorch)？ 
+答：这是pytorch中出现的，爆显存了，同上。**
+
+**问：为什么我显存都没利用，就直接爆显存了？ 
+答：都爆显存了，自然就不利用了，模型没有开始训练。**
+
+### c、训练问题（冻结训练，LOSS问题、训练效果问题等）
+**问：为什么要冻结训练和解冻训练呀？
+答：这是迁移学习的思想，因为神经网络主干特征提取部分所提取到的特征是通用的，我们冻结起来训练可以加快训练效率，也可以防止权值被破坏。**
+**在冻结阶段，模型的主干被冻结了，特征提取网络不发生改变。占用的显存较小，仅对网络进行微调。**
+**在解冻阶段，模型的主干不被冻结了，特征提取网络会发生改变。占用的显存较大，网络所有的参数都会发生改变。**
+
+**问：为什么我的网络不收敛啊，LOSS是XXXX。
+答：不同网络的LOSS不同，LOSS只是一个参考指标，用于查看网络是否收敛，而非评价网络好坏，我的yolo代码都没有归一化，所以LOSS值看起来比较高，LOSS的值不重要，重要的是是否在变小，预测是否有效果。**
+
+**问：为什么我的训练效果不好？预测了没有目标，结果是一片黑。
+答：**
+**考虑几个问题：
+1、数据集问题，这是最重要的问题。小于500的自行考虑增加数据集；一定要检查数据集的标签，视频中详细解析了VOC数据集的格式，但并不是有输入图片有输出标签即可，还需要确认标签的每一个像素值是否为它对应的种类。很多同学的标签格式不对，最常见的错误格式就是标签的背景为黑，目标为白，此时目标的像素点值为255，无法正常训练，目标需要为1才行。
+2、是否解冻训练，如果数据集分布与常规画面差距过大需要进一步解冻训练，调整主干，加强特征提取能力。
+3、网络问题，可以尝试不同的网络。
+4、训练时长问题，有些同学只训练了几代表示没有效果，按默认参数训练完。
+5、确认自己是否按照步骤去做了。
+6、不同网络的LOSS不同，LOSS只是一个参考指标，用于查看网络是否收敛，而非评价网络好坏，LOSS的值不重要，重要的是是否收敛。**
+
+
+
+**问：为什么我的训练效果不好？对小目标预测不准确。
+答：对于deeplab和pspnet而言，可以修改一下downsample_factor，当downsample_factor为16的时候下采样倍数过多，效果不太好，可以修改为8。**
+
+**问：我怎么出现了gbk什么的编码错误啊：**
+```python
+UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xa6 in position 446: illegal multibyte sequence
+```
+**答：标签和路径不要使用中文，如果一定要使用中文，请注意处理的时候编码的问题，改成打开文件的encoding方式改为utf-8。**
+
+**问：我的图片是xxx*xxx的分辨率的，可以用吗！**
+**答：可以用，代码里面会自动进行resize或者数据增强。**
+
+**问：怎么进行多GPU训练？
+答：pytorch的大多数代码可以直接使用gpu训练，keras的话直接百度就好了，实现并不复杂，我没有多卡没法详细测试，还需要各位同学自己努力了。**
+
+### d、灰度图问题
+**问：能不能训练灰度图（预测灰度图）啊？
+答：我的大多数库会将灰度图转化成RGB进行训练和预测，如果遇到代码不能训练或者预测灰度图的情况，可以尝试一下在get_random_data里面将Image.open后的结果转换成RGB，预测的时候也这样试试。（仅供参考）**
+
+### e、断点续练问题
+**问：我已经训练过几个世代了，能不能从这个基础上继续开始训练
+答：可以，你在训练前，和载入预训练权重一样载入训练过的权重就行了。一般训练好的权重会保存在logs文件夹里面，将model_path修改成你要开始的权值的路径即可。**
+
+### f、预训练权重的问题
+
+**问：如果我要训练其它的数据集，预训练权重要怎么办啊？**
+**答：数据的预训练权重对不同数据集是通用的，因为特征是通用的，预训练权重对于99%的情况都必须要用，不用的话权值太过随机，特征提取效果不明显，网络训练的结果也不会好。**
+
+**问：up，我修改了网络，预训练权重还能用吗？
+答：修改了主干的话，如果不是用的现有的网络，基本上预训练权重是不能用的，要么就自己判断权值里卷积核的shape然后自己匹配，要么只能自己预训练去了；修改了后半部分的话，前半部分的主干部分的预训练权重还是可以用的，如果是pytorch代码的话，需要自己修改一下载入权值的方式，判断shape后载入，如果是keras代码，直接by_name=True,skip_mismatch=True即可。**
+权值匹配的方式可以参考如下：
+
+```python
+# 加快模型训练的效率
+print('Loading weights into state dict...')
+device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
+model_dict = model.state_dict()
+pretrained_dict = torch.load(model_path, map_location=device)
+a = {}
+for k, v in pretrained_dict.items():
+    try:    
+        if np.shape(model_dict[k]) ==  np.shape(v):
+            a[k]=v
+    except:
+        pass
+model_dict.update(a)
+model.load_state_dict(model_dict)
+print('Finished!')
+```
+
+**问：我要怎么不使用预训练权重啊？
+答：把载入预训练权重的代码注释了就行。**
+
+**问：为什么我不使用预训练权重效果这么差啊？
+答：因为随机初始化的权值不好，提取的特征不好，也就导致了模型训练的效果不好，预训练权重还是非常重要的。**
+
+### g、视频检测问题与摄像头检测问题
+**问：怎么用摄像头检测呀？
+答：predict.py修改参数可以进行摄像头检测，也有视频详细解释了摄像头检测的思路。**
+
+**问：怎么用视频检测呀？
+答：同上**
+
+### h、从0开始训练问题
+**问：怎么在模型上从0开始训练？
+答：在算力不足与调参能力不足的情况下从0开始训练毫无意义。模型特征提取能力在随机初始化参数的情况下非常差。没有好的参数调节能力和算力，无法使得网络正常收敛。**
+如果一定要从0开始，那么训练的时候请注意几点：
+ - 不载入预训练权重。
+ - 不要进行冻结训练，注释冻结模型的代码。
+
+**问：为什么我不使用预训练权重效果这么差啊？
+答：因为随机初始化的权值不好，提取的特征不好，也就导致了模型训练的效果不好，预训练权重还是非常重要的。**
+
+### i、保存问题
+**问：检测完的图片怎么保存？
+答：一般目标检测用的是Image，所以查询一下PIL库的Image如何进行保存。详细看看predict.py文件的注释。**
+
+**问：怎么用视频保存呀？
+答：详细看看predict.py文件的注释。**
+
+### j、遍历问题
+**问：如何对一个文件夹的图片进行遍历？
+答：一般使用os.listdir先找出文件夹里面的所有图片，然后根据predict.py文件里面的执行思路检测图片就行了，详细看看predict.py文件的注释。**
+
+**问：如何对一个文件夹的图片进行遍历？并且保存。
+答：遍历的话一般使用os.listdir先找出文件夹里面的所有图片，然后根据predict.py文件里面的执行思路检测图片就行了。保存的话一般目标检测用的是Image，所以查询一下PIL库的Image如何进行保存。如果有些库用的是cv2，那就是查一下cv2怎么保存图片。详细看看predict.py文件的注释。**
+
+### k、路径问题（No such file or directory）
+**问：我怎么出现了这样的错误呀：**
+```python
+FileNotFoundError: 【Errno 2】 No such file or directory
+……………………………………
+……………………………………
+```
+
+**答：去检查一下文件夹路径，查看是否有对应文件；并且检查一下2007_train.txt，其中文件路径是否有错。**
+关于路径有几个重要的点：
+**文件夹名称中一定不要有空格。
+注意相对路径和绝对路径。
+多百度路径相关的知识。**
+
+**所有的路径问题基本上都是根目录问题，好好查一下相对目录的概念！**
+
+### l、FPS问题（检测速度问题）
+**问：你这个FPS可以到达多少，可以到 XX FPS么？
+答：FPS和机子的配置有关，配置高就快，配置低就慢。**
+
+**问：为什么论文中说速度可以达到XX，但是这里却没有？
+答：检查是否正确安装了tensorflow-gpu或者pytorch的gpu版本，如果已经正确安装，可以去利用time.time()的方法查看detect_image里面，哪一段代码耗时更长（不仅只有网络耗时长，其它处理部分也会耗时，如绘图等）。有些论文还会使用多batch进行预测，我并没有去实现这个部分。**
+
+### m、预测图片不显示问题
+**问：为什么你的代码在预测完成后不显示图片？只是在命令行告诉我有什么目标。
+答：给系统安装一个图片查看器就行了。**
+
+### n、算法评价问题（miou）
+**问：怎么计算miou？
+答：参考视频里的miou测量部分。**
+
+**问：怎么计算Recall、Precision指标。
+答：现有的代码还无法获得，需要各位同学理解一下混淆矩阵的概念，然后自行计算一下。**
+
+### o、模型优化（模型修改）问题
+**问：up，我修改了网络，预训练权重还能用吗？
+答：修改了主干的话，如果不是用的现有的网络，基本上预训练权重是不能用的，要么就自己判断权值里卷积核的shape然后自己匹配，要么只能自己预训练去了；修改了后半部分的话，前半部分的主干部分的预训练权重还是可以用的，如果是pytorch代码的话，需要自己修改一下载入权值的方式，判断shape后载入，如果是keras代码，直接by_name=True,skip_mismatch=True即可。**
+权值匹配的方式可以参考如下：
+
+```python
+# 加快模型训练的效率
+print('Loading weights into state dict...')
+device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
+model_dict = model.state_dict()
+pretrained_dict = torch.load(model_path, map_location=device)
+a = {}
+for k, v in pretrained_dict.items():
+    try:    
+        if np.shape(model_dict[k]) ==  np.shape(v):
+            a[k]=v
+    except:
+        pass
+model_dict.update(a)
+model.load_state_dict(model_dict)
+print('Finished!')
+```
+
+
+
+**问：up，怎么修改模型啊，我想发个小论文！
+答：建议看看目标检测中yolov4的论文，作为一个大型调参现场非常有参考意义，使用了很多tricks。我能给的建议就是多看一些经典模型，然后拆解里面的亮点结构并使用。常用的tricks如注意力机制什么的，可以试试。**
+
+### p、部署问题
+我没有具体部署到手机等设备上过，所以很多部署问题我并不了解……
+
+## 5、交流群问题
+**问：up，有没有QQ群啥的呢？
+答：没有没有，我没有时间管理QQ群……**
+
+## 6、怎么学习的问题
+**问：up，你的学习路线怎么样的？我是个小白我要怎么学？
+答：这里有几点需要注意哈
+1、我不是高手，很多东西我也不会，我的学习路线也不一定适用所有人。
+2、我实验室不做深度学习，所以我很多东西都是自学，自己摸索，正确与否我也不知道。
+3、我个人觉得学习更靠自学**
+学习路线的话，我是先学习了莫烦的python教程，从tensorflow、keras、pytorch入门，入门完之后学的SSD，YOLO，然后了解了很多经典的卷积网，后面就开始学很多不同的代码了，我的学习方法就是一行一行的看，了解整个代码的执行流程，特征层的shape变化等，花了很多时间也没有什么捷径，就是要花时间吧。
\ No newline at end of file

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/YOLOv3/LICENSE

+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2019 Zihao Zhang
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/YOLOv3/README.md

+# YoloV3 Implemented in TensorFlow 2.0
+
+[![Open In Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/zzh8829/yolov3-tf2/blob/master/colab_gpu.ipynb)
+
+This repo provides a clean implementation of YoloV3 in TensorFlow 2.0 using all the best practices.
+
+## Key Features
+
+- [x] TensorFlow 2.0
+- [x] `yolov3` with pre-trained Weights
+- [x] `yolov3-tiny` with pre-trained Weights
+- [x] Inference example
+- [x] Transfer learning example
+- [x] Eager mode training with `tf.GradientTape`
+- [x] Graph mode training with `model.fit`
+- [x] Functional model with `tf.keras.layers`
+- [x] Input pipeline using `tf.data`
+- [x] Tensorflow Serving
+- [x] Vectorized transformations
+- [x] GPU accelerated
+- [x] Fully integrated with `absl-py` from [abseil.io](https://abseil.io)
+- [x] Clean implementation
+- [x] Following the best practices
+- [x] MIT License
+
+![demo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zzh8829/yolov3-tf2/master/data/meme_out.jpg)
+![demo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zzh8829/yolov3-tf2/master/data/street_out.jpg)
+
+## Usage
+
+### Installation
+
+#### Conda (Recommended)
+
+```bash
+# Tensorflow CPU
+conda env create -f conda-cpu.yml
+conda activate yolov3-tf2-cpu
+
+# Tensorflow GPU
+conda env create -f conda-gpu.yml
+conda activate yolov3-tf2-gpu
+```
+
+#### Pip
+
+```bash
+pip install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+### Nvidia Driver (For GPU)
+
+```bash
+# Ubuntu 18.04
+sudo apt-add-repository -r ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
+sudo apt install nvidia-driver-430
+# Windows/Other
+https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx
+```
+
+### Convert pre-trained Darknet weights
+
+```bash
+# yolov3
+wget https://pjreddie.com/media/files/yolov3.weights -O data/yolov3.weights
+python convert.py --weights ./data/yolov3.weights --output ./checkpoints/yolov3.tf
+
+# yolov3-tiny
+wget https://pjreddie.com/media/files/yolov3-tiny.weights -O data/yolov3-tiny.weights
+python convert.py --weights ./data/yolov3-tiny.weights --output ./checkpoints/yolov3-tiny.tf --tiny
+```
+
+### Detection
+
+```bash
+# yolov3
+python detect.py --image ./data/meme.jpg
+
+# yolov3-tiny
+python detect.py --weights ./checkpoints/yolov3-tiny.tf --tiny --image ./data/street.jpg
+
+# webcam
+python detect_video.py --video 0
+
+# video file
+python detect_video.py --video path_to_file.mp4 --weights ./checkpoints/yolov3-tiny.tf --tiny
+
+# video file with output
+python detect_video.py --video path_to_file.mp4 --output ./output.avi
+```
+
+### Training
+
+I have created a complete tutorial on how to train from scratch using the VOC2012 Dataset.
+See the documentation here https://github.com/zzh8829/yolov3-tf2/blob/master/docs/training_voc.md
+
+For customzied training, you need to generate tfrecord following the TensorFlow Object Detection API.
+For example you can use [Microsoft VOTT](https://github.com/Microsoft/VoTT) to generate such dataset.
+You can also use this [script](https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/object_detection/dataset_tools/create_pascal_tf_record.py) to create the pascal voc dataset.
+
+Example commend line arguments for training
+``` bash
+python train.py --batch_size 8 --dataset ~/Data/voc2012.tfrecord --val_dataset ~/Data/voc2012_val.tfrecord --epochs 100 --mode eager_tf --transfer fine_tune
+
+python train.py --batch_size 8 --dataset ~/Data/voc2012.tfrecord --val_dataset ~/Data/voc2012_val.tfrecord --epochs 100 --mode fit --transfer none
+
+python train.py --batch_size 8 --dataset ~/Data/voc2012.tfrecord --val_dataset ~/Data/voc2012_val.tfrecord --epochs 100 --mode fit --transfer no_output
+
+python train.py --batch_size 8 --dataset ~/Data/voc2012.tfrecord --val_dataset ~/Data/voc2012_val.tfrecord --epochs 10 --mode eager_fit --transfer fine_tune --weights ./checkpoints/yolov3-tiny.tf --tiny
+```
+
+### Tensorflow Serving
+You can export the model to tf serving
+```
+python export_tfserving.py --output serving/yolov3/1/
+# verify tfserving graph
+saved_model_cli show --dir serving/yolov3/1/ --tag_set serve --signature_def serving_default
+```
+
+The inputs are preprocessed images (see `dataset.transform_iamges`)
+
+outputs are
+```
+yolo_nms_0: bounding boxes
+yolo_nms_1: scores
+yolo_nms_2: classes
+yolo_nms_3: numbers of valid detections
+```
+
+## Benchmark (No Training Yet)
+
+Numbers are obtained with rough calculations from `detect_video.py`
+
+### Macbook Pro 13 (2.7GHz i5)
+
+| Detection   | 416x416 | 320x320 | 608x608 |
+|-------------|---------|---------|---------|
+| YoloV3      | 1000ms  | 500ms   | 1546ms  |
+| YoloV3-Tiny | 100ms   | 58ms    | 208ms   |
+
+### Desktop PC (GTX 970)
+
+| Detection   | 416x416 | 320x320 | 608x608 |
+|-------------|---------|---------|---------|
+| YoloV3      | 74ms    | 57ms    | 129ms   |
+| YoloV3-Tiny | 18ms    | 15ms    | 28ms    |
+
+### AWS g3.4xlarge (Tesla M60)
+
+| Detection   | 416x416 | 320x320 | 608x608 |
+|-------------|---------|---------|---------|
+| YoloV3      | 66ms    | 50ms    | 123ms   |
+| YoloV3-Tiny | 15ms    | 10ms    | 24ms    |
+
+### RTX 2070 (credit to @AnaRhisT94)
+
+| Detection   | 416x416 |
+|-------------|---------|
+| YoloV3 predict_on_batch     | 29-32ms    | 
+| YoloV3 predict_on_batch + TensorRT     | 22-28ms    | 
+
+
+Darknet version of YoloV3 at 416x416 takes 29ms on Titan X.
+Considering Titan X has about double the benchmark of Tesla M60,
+Performance-wise this implementation is pretty comparable.
+
+## Implementation Details
+
+### Eager execution
+
+Great addition for existing TensorFlow experts.
+Not very easy to use without some intermediate understanding of TensorFlow graphs.
+It is annoying when you accidentally use incompatible features like tensor.shape[0]
+or some sort of python control flow that works fine in eager mode, but
+totally breaks down when you try to compile the model to graph.
+
+### model(x) vs. model.predict(x)
+
+When calling model(x) directly, we are executing the graph in eager mode. For
+`model.predict`, tf actually compiles the graph on the first run and then
+execute in graph mode. So if you are only running the model once, `model(x)` is
+faster since there is no compilation needed. Otherwise, `model.predict` or
+using exported SavedModel graph is much faster (by 2x). For non real-time usage,
+`model.predict_on_batch` is even faster as tested by @AnaRhisT94)
+
+### GradientTape
+
+Extremely useful for debugging purpose, you can set breakpoints anywhere.
+You can compile all the keras fitting functionalities with gradient tape using the
+`run_eagerly` argument in model.compile. From my limited testing, all training methods
+including GradientTape, keras.fit, eager or not yeilds similar performance. But graph
+mode is still preferred since it's a tiny bit more efficient.
+
+### @tf.function
+
+@tf.function is very cool. It's like an in-between version of eager and graph.
+You can step through the function by disabling tf.function and then gain
+performance when you enable it in production. Important note, you should not
+pass any non-tensor parameter to @tf.function, it will cause re-compilation
+on every call. I am not sure whats the best way other than using globals.
+
+### absl.py (abseil)
+
+Absolutely amazing. If you don't know already, absl.py is officially used by
+internal projects at Google. It standardizes application interface for Python
+and many other languages. After using it within Google, I was so excited
+to hear abseil going open source. It includes many decades of best practices
+learned from creating large size scalable applications. I literally have
+nothing bad to say about it, strongly recommend absl.py to everybody.
+
+### Loading pre-trained Darknet weights
+
+very hard with pure functional API because the layer ordering is different in
+tf.keras and darknet. The clean solution here is creating sub-models in keras.
+Keras is not able to save nested model in h5 format properly, TF Checkpoint is
+recommended since its offically supported by TensorFlow.
+
+### tf.keras.layers.BatchNormalization
+
+It doesn't work very well for transfer learning. There are many articles and
+github issues all over the internet. I used a simple hack to make it work nicer
+on transfer learning with small batches.
+
+### What is the output of transform_targets ???
+
+I know it's very confusion but the output is tuple of shape
+```
+(
+  [N, 13, 13, 3, 6],
+  [N, 26, 26, 3, 6],
+  [N, 52, 52, 3, 6]
+)
+```
+where N is the number of labels in batch and the last dimension "6" represents
+`[x, y, w, h, obj, class]` of the bounding boxes.
+
+### IOU and Score Threshold
+
+the default threshold is 0.5 for both IOU and score, you can adjust them
+according to your need by setting `--yolo_iou_threshold` and
+`--yolo_score_threshold` flags
+
+### Maximum number of boxes
+
+By default there can be maximum 100 bounding boxes per image, 
+if for some reason you would like to have more boxes you can use the `--yolo_max_boxes` flag.
+
+### NAN Loss / Training Failed / Doesn't Converge 
+
+Many people including me have succeeded in training, so the code definitely works
+@LongxingTan in https://github.com/zzh8829/yolov3-tf2/issues/128 provided some of his insights summarized here:
+  
+  1. For nan loss, try to make learning rate smaller
+  2. Double check the format of your input data. Data input labelled by vott and labelImg is different. so make sure the input box is the right, and check carefully the format is `x1/width,y1/height,x2/width,y2/height` and **NOT** x1,y1,x2,y2, or x,y,w,h
+
+Make sure to visualize your custom dataset using this tool
+```
+python tools/visualize_dataset.py --classes=./data/voc2012.names
+```
+
+It will output one random image from your dataset with label to `output.jpg`
+Training definitely won't work if the rendered label doesn't look correct
+
+## Command Line Args Reference
+
+```bash
+convert.py:
+  --output: path to output
+    (default: './checkpoints/yolov3.tf')
+  --[no]tiny: yolov3 or yolov3-tiny
+    (default: 'false')
+  --weights: path to weights file
+    (default: './data/yolov3.weights')
+  --num_classes: number of classes in the model
+    (default: '80')
+    (an integer)
+
+detect.py:
+  --classes: path to classes file
+    (default: './data/coco.names')
+  --image: path to input image
+    (default: './data/girl.png')
+  --output: path to output image
+    (default: './output.jpg')
+  --[no]tiny: yolov3 or yolov3-tiny
+    (default: 'false')
+  --weights: path to weights file
+    (default: './checkpoints/yolov3.tf')
+  --num_classes: number of classes in the model
+    (default: '80')
+    (an integer)
+
+detect_video.py:
+  --classes: path to classes file
+    (default: './data/coco.names')
+  --video: path to input video (use 0 for cam)
+    (default: './data/video.mp4')
+  --output: path to output video (remember to set right codec for given format. e.g. XVID for .avi)
+    (default: None)
+  --output_format: codec used in VideoWriter when saving video to file
+    (default: 'XVID)
+  --[no]tiny: yolov3 or yolov3-tiny
+    (default: 'false')
+  --weights: path to weights file
+    (default: './checkpoints/yolov3.tf')
+  --num_classes: number of classes in the model
+    (default: '80')
+    (an integer)
+
+train.py:
+  --batch_size: batch size
+    (default: '8')
+    (an integer)
+  --classes: path to classes file
+    (default: './data/coco.names')
+  --dataset: path to dataset
+    (default: '')
+  --epochs: number of epochs
+    (default: '2')
+    (an integer)
+  --learning_rate: learning rate
+    (default: '0.001')
+    (a number)
+  --mode: <fit|eager_fit|eager_tf>: fit: model.fit, eager_fit: model.fit(run_eagerly=True), eager_tf: custom GradientTape
+    (default: 'fit')
+  --num_classes: number of classes in the model
+    (default: '80')
+    (an integer)
+  --size: image size
+    (default: '416')
+    (an integer)
+  --[no]tiny: yolov3 or yolov3-tiny
+    (default: 'false')
+  --transfer: <none|darknet|no_output|frozen|fine_tune>: none: Training from scratch, darknet: Transfer darknet, no_output: Transfer all but output, frozen: Transfer and freeze all,
+    fine_tune: Transfer all and freeze darknet only
+    (default: 'none')
+  --val_dataset: path to validation dataset
+    (default: '')
+  --weights: path to weights file
+    (default: './checkpoints/yolov3.tf')
+```
+
+## Change Log
+
+#### October 1, 2019
+
+- Updated to Tensorflow to v2.0.0 Release
+
+
+## References
+
+It is pretty much impossible to implement this from the yolov3 paper alone. I had to reference the official (very hard to understand) and many un-official (many minor errors) repos to piece together the complete picture.
+
+- https://github.com/pjreddie/darknet
+    - official yolov3 implementation
+- https://github.com/AlexeyAB
+    - explinations of parameters
+- https://github.com/qqwweee/keras-yolo3
+    - models
+    - loss functions
+- https://github.com/YunYang1994/tensorflow-yolov3
+    - data transformations
+    - loss functions
+- https://github.com/ayooshkathuria/pytorch-yolo-v3
+    - models
+- https://github.com/broadinstitute/keras-resnet
+    - batch normalization fix

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/YOLOv3/checkpoints/checkpoint

+model_checkpoint_path: "yolov3_train_10.tf"
+all_model_checkpoint_paths: "yolov3_train_10.tf"

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/YOLOv3/conda-cpu.yml

+name: yolov3-tf2-cpu
+
+dependencies:
+  - python==3.7
+  - pip
+  - matplotlib
+  - opencv
+  - pip:
+    - tensorflow==2.1.0rc1
+    - lxml
+    - tqdm
+    - -e .

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/YOLOv3/conda-gpu.yml

+name: yolov3-tf2-gpu
+
+dependencies:
+  - python==3.7
+  - pip
+  - matplotlib
+  - opencv
+  - cudnn
+  - cudatoolkit==10.1.243
+  - pip:
+    - tensorflow-gpu==2.1.0rc1
+    - lxml
+    - tqdm
+    - -e .

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/YOLOv3/convert.py

+from absl import app, flags, logging
+from absl.flags import FLAGS
+import numpy as np
+from yolov3_tf2.models import YoloV3, YoloV3Tiny
+from yolov3_tf2.utils import load_darknet_weights
+import tensorflow as tf
+
+import os
+os.environ['HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = '0'
+
+
+
+flags.DEFINE_string('weights', './data/yolov3.weights', 'path to weights file')
+flags.DEFINE_string('output', './checkpoints/yolov3.tf', 'path to output')
+flags.DEFINE_boolean('tiny', False, 'yolov3 or yolov3-tiny')
+flags.DEFINE_integer('num_classes', 80, 'number of classes in the model')
+
+
+def main(_argv):
+    physical_devices = tf.config.experimental.list_physical_devices('GPU')
+    if len(physical_devices) > 0:
+        tf.config.experimental.set_memory_growth(physical_devices[0], True)
+
+    if FLAGS.tiny:
+        yolo = YoloV3Tiny(classes=FLAGS.num_classes)
+    else:
+        yolo = YoloV3(classes=FLAGS.num_classes)
+    yolo.summary()
+    logging.info('model created')
+
+    load_darknet_weights(yolo, FLAGS.weights, FLAGS.tiny)
+    logging.info('weights loaded')
+
+    img = np.random.random((1, 320, 320, 3)).astype(np.float32)
+    output = yolo(img)
+    logging.info('sanity check passed')
+
+    yolo.save_weights(FLAGS.output)
+    logging.info('weights saved')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    try:
+        app.run(main)
+    except SystemExit:
+        pass

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/YOLOv3/data/checkpoint

+model_checkpoint_path: "yolov3.tf"
+all_model_checkpoint_paths: "yolov3.tf"

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/YOLOv3/data/coco.names

+person
+bicycle
+car
+motorbike
+aeroplane
+bus
+train
+truck
+boat
+traffic light
+fire hydrant
+stop sign
+parking meter
+bench
+bird
+cat
+dog
+horse
+sheep
+cow
+elephant
+bear
+zebra
+giraffe
+backpack
+umbrella
+handbag
+tie
+suitcase
+frisbee
+skis
+snowboard
+sports ball
+kite
+baseball bat
+baseball glove
+skateboard
+surfboard
+tennis racket
+bottle
+wine glass
+cup
+fork
+knife
+spoon
+bowl
+banana
+apple
+sandwich
+orange
+broccoli
+carrot
+hot dog
+pizza
+donut
+cake
+chair
+sofa
+pottedplant
+bed
+diningtable
+toilet
+tvmonitor
+laptop
+mouse
+remote
+keyboard
+cell phone
+microwave
+oven
+toaster
+sink
+refrigerator
+book
+clock
+vase
+scissors
+teddy bear
+hair drier
+toothbrush

TensorFlow2x/ComputeVision/Detection/YOLOv3/data/voc2012.names

+aeroplane
+bicycle
+bird
+boat
+bottle
+bus
+car
+cat
+chair
+cow
+diningtable
+dog
+horse
+motorbike
+person
+pottedplant
+sheep
+sofa
+train
+tvmonitor