# Pretrained Cross-Encoders

This page lists available **pretrained Cross-Encoders**. Cross-Encoders require the input of a text pair and output a score 0...1. They do not work for individual sentences and they don't compute embeddings for individual texts.

![BiEncoder](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers/master/docs/img/Bi_vs_Cross-Encoder.png)

## MS MARCO
[MS MARCO Passage Retrieval](https://github.com/microsoft/MSMARCO-Passage-Ranking) is a large dataset with real user queries from Bing search engine with annotated relevant text passages.

These models can be used like this:
```python
from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder

model = CrossEncoder("model_name", max_length=512)
scores = model.predict([("Query1", "Paragraph1"), ("Query1", "Paragraph2")])

# For Example
scores = model.predict([
    ("How many people live in Berlin?", "Berlin had a population of 3,520,031 registered inhabitants in an area of 891.82 square kilometers."),
    ("How many people live in Berlin?", "Berlin is well known for its museums."),
])
```

- **cross-encoder/ms-marco-TinyBERT-L-2-v2** - MRR@10 on MS Marco Dev Set: 32.56
- **cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-2-v2** - MRR@10 on MS Marco Dev Set: 34.85
- **cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-4-v2** - MRR@10 on MS Marco Dev Set: 37.70
- **cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2** - MRR@10 on MS Marco Dev Set: 39.01
- **cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-12-v2** - MRR@10 on MS Marco Dev Set: 39.02


For details on the usage, see [Applications - Information Retrieval](../examples/applications/retrieve_rerank/README.md)


[MS MARCO Cross-Encoders - More details](pretrained-models/ce-msmarco.md)

## SQuAD (QNLI)

QNLI is based on the [SQuAD dataset](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/) and was introduced by the [GLUE Benchmark](https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.07461). Given a passage from Wikipedia, annotators created questions that are answerable by that passage.

- **cross-encoder/qnli-distilroberta-base** - Accuracy on QNLI dev set: 90.96
- **cross-encoder/qnli-electra-base** - Accuracy on QNLI dev set: 93.21


## STSbenchmark
The following models can be used like this:
```python
from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder

model = CrossEncoder("model_name")
scores = model.predict([("Sent A1", "Sent B1"), ("Sent A2", "Sent B2")])
```

They return a score  0...1 indicating the semantic similarity of the given sentence pair.
- **cross-encoder/stsb-TinyBERT-L-4** - STSbenchmark test performance: 85.50
- **cross-encoder/stsb-distilroberta-base** - STSbenchmark test performance: 87.92
- **cross-encoder/stsb-roberta-base** - STSbenchmark test performance: 90.17
- **cross-encoder/stsb-roberta-large** - STSbenchmark test performance: 91.47 

## Quora Duplicate Questions
These models have been trained on the [Quora duplicate questions dataset](https://www.quora.com/q/quoradata/First-Quora-Dataset-Release-Question-Pairs). They can used like the STSb models and give a score 0...1 indicating the probability that two questions are duplicate questions.

- **cross-encoder/quora-distilroberta-base** - Average Precision dev set: 87.48
- **cross-encoder/quora-roberta-base** - Average Precision dev set: 87.80
- **cross-encoder/quora-roberta-large** - Average Precision dev set: 87.91

Note: The model don't work for question similarity. The question *How to learn Java* and *How to learn Python* will get a low score, as these questions are not duplicates. For question similarity, the respective bi-encoder trained on the Quora dataset yields much more meaningful results.



## NLI
Given two sentences, are these contradicting each other, entailing one the other or are these netural? The following models were trained on the [SNLI](https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/snli/) and [MultiNLI](https://cims.nyu.edu/~sbowman/multinli/) datasets.
- **cross-encoder/nli-deberta-v3-base** - Accuracy on MNLI mismatched set: 90.04
- **cross-encoder/nli-deberta-base** - Accuracy on MNLI mismatched set: 88.08
- **cross-encoder/nli-deberta-v3-xsmall** - Accuracy on MNLI mismatched set:  87.77
- **cross-encoder/nli-deberta-v3-small** - Accuracy on MNLI mismatched set: 87.55
- **cross-encoder/nli-roberta-base** - Accuracy on MNLI mismatched set: 87.47
- **cross-encoder/nli-MiniLM2-L6-H768** - Accuracy on MNLI mismatched set: 86.89  
- **cross-encoder/nli-distilroberta-base** - Accuracy on MNLI mismatched set: 83.98

```python
from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder

model = CrossEncoder("model_name")
scores = model.predict([
    ("A man is eating pizza", "A man eats something"),
    ("A black race car starts up in front of a crowd of people.", "A man is driving down a lonely road."),
])

# Convert scores to labels
label_mapping = ["contradiction", "entailment", "neutral"]
labels = [label_mapping[score_max] for score_max in scores.argmax(axis=1)]
```

