Extend Transformers Trainer Class to Enable PyTorch Torchscript for Inference (#17153)

* add jit mode option and model wrap

* Update src/transformers/training_args.py
Co-authored-by: Sylvain Gugger <35901082+sgugger@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update src/transformers/training_args.py
Co-authored-by: Sylvain Gugger <35901082+sgugger@users.noreply.github.com>

* refine code

* Update src/transformers/trainer.py
Co-authored-by: Sylvain Gugger <35901082+sgugger@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update src/transformers/trainer.py
Co-authored-by: Sylvain Gugger <35901082+sgugger@users.noreply.github.com>

* add ut and refine code

* code refine

* refine code

* add inference doc

* Update src/transformers/trainer.py
Co-authored-by: Stas Bekman <stas00@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update src/transformers/trainer.py
Co-authored-by: Stas Bekman <stas00@users.noreply.github.com>

* add cpu inference performance doc

* Update perf_infer_cpu.mdx

* Update perf_infer_cpu.mdx

* Update performance.mdx

* Update _toctree.yml

* refine jit func naming

* Update _toctree.yml

* Delete perf_infer_gpu_one.mdx

* Update perf_infer_cpu.mdx

* Update docs/source/en/perf_infer_cpu.mdx
Co-authored-by: Stas Bekman <stas00@users.noreply.github.com>

* add none check before jit

* Update docs/source/en/perf_infer_cpu.mdx
Co-authored-by: Sylvain Gugger <35901082+sgugger@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update docs/source/en/perf_infer_cpu.mdx
Co-authored-by: Sylvain Gugger <35901082+sgugger@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Sylvain Gugger <35901082+sgugger@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Stas Bekman <stas@stason.org>
Co-authored-by: Stas Bekman <stas00@users.noreply.github.com>

docs/source/en/_toctree.yml

@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@
     title: Training on many GPUs
   - local: perf_train_cpu
     title: Training on CPU
+  - local: perf_infer_cpu
+    title: Inference on CPU
   - local: perf_hardware
     title: Custom hardware for training
   - local: testing

docs/source/en/perf_infer_cpu.mdx

+<!--Copyright 2022 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
+an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+-->
+
+# Efficient Inference on CPU
+
+This guide focuses on inferencing large models efficiently on CPU.
+
+## PyTorch JIT-mode (TorchScript)
+TorchScript is a way to create serializable and optimizable models from PyTorch code. Any TorchScript program can be saved from a Python process and loaded in a process where there is no Python dependency.
+Comparing to default eager mode, jit mode in PyTorch normally yields better performance for model inference from optimization methodologies like operator fusion.
+
+For a gentle introduction to TorchScript, see the Introduction to [PyTorch TorchScript tutorial](https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/Intro_to_TorchScript_tutorial.html#tracing-modules).
+
+### IPEX Graph Optimization with JIT-mode
+Intel® Extension for PyTorch provides further optimizations in jit mode for Transformers series models. It is highly recommended for users to take advantage of Intel® Extension for PyTorch with jit mode. Some frequently used operator patterns from Transformers models are already supported in Intel® Extension for PyTorch with jit mode fusions. Those fusion patterns like Multi-head-attention fusion, Concat Linear, Linear+Add, Linear+Gelu, Add+LayerNorm fusion and etc. are enabled and perform well. The benefit of the fusion is delivered to users in a transparent fashion. According to the analysis, ~70% of most popular NLP tasks in question-answering, text-classification, and token-classification can get performance benefits with these fusion patterns for both Float32 precision and BFloat16 Mixed precision.
+
+Check more detailed information for [IPEX Graph Optimization](https://intel.github.io/intel-extension-for-pytorch/1.11.200/tutorials/features/graph_optimization.html).
+
+#### IPEX installation:
+
+IPEX release is following PyTorch, check the approaches for [IPEX installation](https://intel.github.io/intel-extension-for-pytorch/).
+
+### Usage of JIT-mode
+To enable jit mode in Trainer, users should add `jit_mode_eval` in Trainer command arguments.
+
+Take an example of the use cases on [Transformers question-answering](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/examples/pytorch/question-answering)
+
+- Inference using jit mode on CPU:
+<pre>python run_qa.py \
+--model_name_or_path csarron/bert-base-uncased-squad-v1 \
+--dataset_name squad \
+--do_eval \
+--max_seq_length 384 \
+--doc_stride 128 \
+--output_dir /tmp/ \
+--no_cuda \
+<b>--jit_mode_eval </b></pre> 
+
+- Inference with IPEX using jit mode on CPU:
+<pre>python run_qa.py \
+--model_name_or_path csarron/bert-base-uncased-squad-v1 \
+--dataset_name squad \
+--do_eval \
+--max_seq_length 384 \
+--doc_stride 128 \
+--output_dir /tmp/ \
+--no_cuda \
+<b>--use_ipex \</b>
+<b>--jit_mode_eval</b></pre> 

docs/source/en/performance.mdx

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Efficient inference with large models in a production environment can be as chal
 
 ### CPU
 
-_Coming soon_
+[Go to CPU inference section](perf_infer_cpu.mdx)
 
 ### Single GPU
 

src/transformers/trainer.py

@@ -1167,6 +1167,29 @@ class Trainer:
 
         return model
 
+    def torch_jit_model_eval(self, model, dataloader, training=False):
+        if not training:
+            if dataloader is None:
+                logger.warning("failed to use PyTorch jit mode due to current dataloader is none.")
+                return model
+            jit_inputs = []
+            example_batch = next(iter(dataloader))
+            for key in example_batch:
+                example_tensor = torch.ones_like(example_batch[key])
+                jit_inputs.append(example_tensor)
+            jit_inputs = tuple(jit_inputs)
+            try:
+                jit_model = model.eval()
+                with ContextManagers([self.autocast_smart_context_manager(), torch.no_grad()]):
+                    jit_model = torch.jit.trace(jit_model, jit_inputs, strict=False)
+                jit_model = torch.jit.freeze(jit_model)
+                jit_model(**example_batch)
+                model = jit_model
+            except (RuntimeError, TypeError) as e:
+                logger.warning(f"failed to use PyTorch jit mode due to: {e}.")
+
+        return model
+
     def ipex_optimize_model(self, model, training=False, dtype=torch.float32):
         if not is_ipex_available():
             raise ImportError(
@@ -1186,11 +1209,14 @@ class Trainer:
 
         return model
 
-    def _wrap_model(self, model, training=True):
+    def _wrap_model(self, model, training=True, dataloader=None):
         if self.args.use_ipex:
             dtype = torch.bfloat16 if self.use_cpu_amp else torch.float32
             model = self.ipex_optimize_model(model, training, dtype=dtype)
 
+        if self.args.jit_mode_eval:
+            model = self.torch_jit_model_eval(model, dataloader, training)
+
         if is_sagemaker_mp_enabled():
             # Wrapping the base model twice in a DistributedModel will raise an error.
             if isinstance(self.model_wrapped, smp.model.DistributedModel):
@@ -2700,7 +2726,7 @@ class Trainer:
             self.model_wrapped = deepspeed_engine
             self.deepspeed = deepspeed_engine
 
-        model = self._wrap_model(self.model, training=False)
+        model = self._wrap_model(self.model, training=False, dataloader=dataloader)
 
         # if full fp16 or bf16 eval is wanted and this ``evaluation`` or ``predict`` isn't called
         # while ``train`` is running, cast it to the right dtype first and then put on device
@@ -3261,7 +3287,7 @@ class Trainer:
             deepspeed_engine.optimizer.optimizer = None
             deepspeed_engine.lr_scheduler = None
 
-        model = self._wrap_model(self.model, training=False)
+        model = self._wrap_model(self.model, training=False, dataloader=dataloader)
 
         # if full fp16 or bf16 eval is wanted and this ``evaluation`` or ``predict`` isn't called
         # while ``train`` is running, cast it to the right dtype first and then put on device

src/transformers/training_args.py

@@ -245,6 +245,8 @@ class TrainingArguments:
             Random seed to be used with data samplers. If not set, random generators for data sampling will use the
             same seed as `seed`. This can be used to ensure reproducibility of data sampling, independent of the model
             seed.
+        jit_mode_eval (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
+            Whether or not to use PyTorch jit trace for inference.
         use_ipex (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
             Use Intel extension for PyTorch when it is available. [IPEX
             installation](https://github.com/intel/intel-extension-for-pytorch).
@@ -625,6 +627,9 @@ class TrainingArguments:
     no_cuda: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"help": "Do not use CUDA even when it is available"})
     seed: int = field(default=42, metadata={"help": "Random seed that will be set at the beginning of training."})
     data_seed: Optional[int] = field(default=None, metadata={"help": "Random seed to be used with data samplers."})
+    jit_mode_eval: bool = field(
+        default=False, metadata={"help": "Whether or not to use PyTorch jit trace for inference"}
+    )
     use_ipex: bool = field(
         default=False,
         metadata={

tests/trainer/test_trainer.py

@@ -844,6 +844,47 @@ class TrainerIntegrationTest(TestCasePlus, TrainerIntegrationCommon):
         expected_acc = AlmostAccuracy()((pred + 1, y))["accuracy"]
         self.assertAlmostEqual(results["eval_accuracy"], expected_acc)
 
+    def test_evaluate_with_jit(self):
+        trainer = get_regression_trainer(a=1.5, b=2.5, compute_metrics=AlmostAccuracy(), jit_mode_eval=True)
+        results = trainer.evaluate()
+
+        x, y = trainer.eval_dataset.x, trainer.eval_dataset.ys[0]
+        pred = 1.5 * x + 2.5
+        expected_loss = ((pred - y) ** 2).mean()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results["eval_loss"], expected_loss)
+        expected_acc = AlmostAccuracy()((pred, y))["accuracy"]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results["eval_accuracy"], expected_acc)
+
+        # With a number of elements not a round multiple of the batch size
+        trainer = get_regression_trainer(
+            a=1.5, b=2.5, eval_len=66, compute_metrics=AlmostAccuracy(), jit_mode_eval=True
+        )
+        results = trainer.evaluate()
+
+        x, y = trainer.eval_dataset.x, trainer.eval_dataset.ys[0]
+        pred = 1.5 * x + 2.5
+        expected_loss = ((pred - y) ** 2).mean()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results["eval_loss"], expected_loss)
+        expected_acc = AlmostAccuracy()((pred, y))["accuracy"]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results["eval_accuracy"], expected_acc)
+
+        # With logits preprocess
+        trainer = get_regression_trainer(
+            a=1.5,
+            b=2.5,
+            compute_metrics=AlmostAccuracy(),
+            preprocess_logits_for_metrics=lambda logits, labels: logits + 1,
+            jit_mode_eval=True,
+        )
+        results = trainer.evaluate()
+
+        x, y = trainer.eval_dataset.x, trainer.eval_dataset.ys[0]
+        pred = 1.5 * x + 2.5
+        expected_loss = ((pred - y) ** 2).mean()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results["eval_loss"], expected_loss)
+        expected_acc = AlmostAccuracy()((pred + 1, y))["accuracy"]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(results["eval_accuracy"], expected_acc)
+
     @require_torch_bf16
     @require_intel_extension_for_pytorch
     def test_evaluate_with_ipex(self):
@@ -930,6 +971,40 @@ class TrainerIntegrationTest(TestCasePlus, TrainerIntegrationCommon):
         self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(labels[0], trainer.eval_dataset.ys[0]))
         self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(labels[1], trainer.eval_dataset.ys[1]))
 
+    def test_predict_with_jit(self):
+        trainer = get_regression_trainer(a=1.5, b=2.5, jit_mode_eval=True)
+        preds = trainer.predict(trainer.eval_dataset).predictions
+        x = trainer.eval_dataset.x
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(preds, 1.5 * x + 2.5))
+
+        # With a number of elements not a round multiple of the batch size
+        trainer = get_regression_trainer(a=1.5, b=2.5, eval_len=66, jit_mode_eval=True)
+        preds = trainer.predict(trainer.eval_dataset).predictions
+        x = trainer.eval_dataset.x
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(preds, 1.5 * x + 2.5))
+
+        # With more than one output of the model
+        trainer = get_regression_trainer(a=1.5, b=2.5, double_output=True, jit_mode_eval=True)
+        preds = trainer.predict(trainer.eval_dataset).predictions
+        x = trainer.eval_dataset.x
+        self.assertEqual(len(preds), 2)
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(preds[0], 1.5 * x + 2.5))
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(preds[1], 1.5 * x + 2.5))
+
+        # With more than one output/label of the model
+        trainer = get_regression_trainer(
+            a=1.5, b=2.5, double_output=True, label_names=["labels", "labels_2"], jit_mode_eval=True
+        )
+        outputs = trainer.predict(trainer.eval_dataset)
+        preds = outputs.predictions
+        labels = outputs.label_ids
+        x = trainer.eval_dataset.x
+        self.assertEqual(len(preds), 2)
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(preds[0], 1.5 * x + 2.5))
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(preds[1], 1.5 * x + 2.5))
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(labels[0], trainer.eval_dataset.ys[0]))
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(labels[1], trainer.eval_dataset.ys[1]))
+
     @require_torch_bf16
     @require_intel_extension_for_pytorch
     def test_predict_with_ipex(self):