from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple

import torch


class Cache:
    """
    Base, abstract class for all caches. The actual data structure is specific to each subclass.
    """

    def update(
        self,
        key_states: torch.Tensor,
        value_states: torch.Tensor,
        layer_idx: int,
        cache_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        """
        Updates the cache with the new `key_states` and `value_states` for the layer `layer_idx`.

        Parameters:
            key_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                The new key states to cache.
            value_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                The new value states to cache.
            layer_idx (`int`):
                The index of the layer to cache the states for.
            cache_kwargs (`Dict[str, Any]`, `optional`):
                Additional arguments for the cache subclass. These are specific to each subclass and allow new types of
                cache to be created.

        Return:
            A tuple containing the updated key and value states.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError("Make sure to implement `update` in a subclass.")

    def get_seq_length(self, layer_idx: Optional[int] = 0) -> int:
        """Returns the sequence length of the cached states. A layer index can be optionally passed."""
        raise NotImplementedError("Make sure to implement `get_seq_length` in a subclass.")


class DynamicCache(Cache):
    """
    A cache that grows dynamically as more tokens are generated. This is the default for generative models.

    It stores the Key and Value states as a list of tensors, one for each layer. The expected shape for each tensor is
    `[batch_size, num_heads, seq_len, head_dim]`.
    """

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.key_cache: List[torch.Tensor] = []
        self.value_cache: List[torch.Tensor] = []
        self.seen_tokens = 0  # Used in `generate` to keep tally of how many tokens the cache has seen

    def __getitem__(self, layer_idx: int) -> List[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]:
        """
        Support for backwards-compatible `past_key_value` indexing, e.g. `past_key_value[0][0].shape[2]` to get the
        sequence length.
        """
        if layer_idx < len(self):
            return (self.key_cache[layer_idx], self.value_cache[layer_idx])
        else:
            raise KeyError(f"Cache only has {len(self)} layers, attempted to access layer with index {layer_idx}")

    def __iter__(self):
        """
        Support for backwards-compatible `past_key_value` iteration, e.g. `for x in past_key_value:` to iterate over
        keys and values
        """
        for layer_idx in range(len(self)):
            yield (self.key_cache[layer_idx], self.value_cache[layer_idx])

    def __len__(self):
        """
        Support for backwards-compatible `past_key_value` length, e.g. `len(past_key_value)`. This value corresponds
        to the number of layers in the model.
        """
        return len(self.key_cache)

    def update(
        self,
        key_states: torch.Tensor,
        value_states: torch.Tensor,
        layer_idx: int,
        cache_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        """
        Updates the cache with the new `key_states` and `value_states` for the layer `layer_idx`.

        Parameters:
            key_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                The new key states to cache.
            value_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                The new value states to cache.
            layer_idx (`int`):
                The index of the layer to cache the states for.
            cache_kwargs (`Dict[str, Any]`, `optional`):
                Additional arguments for the cache subclass. No additional arguments are used in `DynamicCache`.

        Return:
            A tuple containing the updated key and value states.
        """
        # Update the number of seen tokens
        if layer_idx == 0:
            self.seen_tokens += key_states.shape[-2]

        # Update the cache
        if len(self.key_cache) <= layer_idx:
            self.key_cache.append(key_states)
            self.value_cache.append(value_states)
        else:
            self.key_cache[layer_idx] = torch.cat([self.key_cache[layer_idx], key_states], dim=-2)
            self.value_cache[layer_idx] = torch.cat([self.value_cache[layer_idx], value_states], dim=-2)

        return self.key_cache[layer_idx], self.value_cache[layer_idx]

    def get_seq_length(self, layer_idx: Optional[int] = 0) -> int:
        """Returns the sequence length of the cached states. A layer index can be optionally passed."""
        if len(self.key_cache) <= layer_idx:
            return 0
        return self.key_cache[layer_idx].shape[-2]

    def reorder_cache(self, beam_idx: torch.LongTensor):
        """Reorders the cache for beam search, given the selected beam indices."""
        for layer_idx in range(len(self.key_cache)):
            device = self.key_cache[layer_idx].device
            self.key_cache[layer_idx] = self.key_cache[layer_idx].index_select(0, beam_idx.to(device))
            device = self.value_cache[layer_idx].device
            self.value_cache[layer_idx] = self.value_cache[layer_idx].index_select(0, beam_idx.to(device))

    def to_legacy_cache(self) -> Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor], Tuple[torch.Tensor]]:
        """Converts the `DynamicCache` instance into the its equivalent in the legacy cache format."""
        legacy_cache = ()
        for layer_idx in range(len(self)):
            legacy_cache += ((self.key_cache[layer_idx], self.value_cache[layer_idx]),)
        return legacy_cache

    @classmethod
    def from_legacy_cache(cls, past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]]] = None) -> "DynamicCache":
        """Converts a cache in the legacy cache format into an equivalent `DynamicCache`."""
        cache = cls()
        if past_key_values is not None:
            for layer_idx in range(len(past_key_values)):
                key_states, value_states = past_key_values[layer_idx]
                cache.update(key_states, value_states, layer_idx)
        return cache


class SinkCache(Cache):
    """
    A cache that as described in the [Attention Sinks paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.17453). It allows the model to
    generate beyond the length of its context window, without losing fluency in the conversation. As it discards past
    tokens, the model will lose the ability to generate tokens that depend on the context that was discarded.

    It stores the Key and Value states as a list of tensors, one for each layer. The expected shape for each tensor is
    `[batch_size, num_heads, seq_len, head_dim]`.

    Parameters:
        window_length (`int`):
            The length of the context window.
        num_sink_tokens (`int`):
            The number of sink tokens. See the original paper for more information.
    """

    def __init__(self, window_length: int, num_sink_tokens: int) -> None:
        self.key_cache: List[torch.Tensor] = []
        self.value_cache: List[torch.Tensor] = []
        self.window_length = window_length
        self.num_sink_tokens = num_sink_tokens
        self.cos_sin_cache = {}
        self.seen_tokens = 0  # Used in `generate` to keep tally of how many tokens the cache has seen

    @staticmethod
    def _rotate_half(x):
        x1 = x[..., : x.shape[-1] // 2]
        x2 = x[..., x.shape[-1] // 2 :]
        return torch.cat((-x2, x1), dim=-1)

    def _apply_key_rotary_pos_emb(
        self, key_states: torch.Tensor, cos: torch.Tensor, sin: torch.Tensor
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        rotated_key_states = (key_states * cos) + (self._rotate_half(key_states) * sin)
        return rotated_key_states

    def _get_rerotation_cos_sin(
        self, key_states: torch.Tensor, cos: torch.Tensor, sin: torch.Tensor
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        if key_states.shape[-2] not in self.cos_sin_cache:
            # Upcast to float32 temporarily for better accuracy
            cos = cos.to(torch.float32)
            sin = sin.to(torch.float32)

            # Compute the cos and sin required for back- and forward-rotating to one position earlier in the sequence
            original_cos = cos[self.num_sink_tokens + key_states.shape[-2] :]
            shifted_cos = cos[self.num_sink_tokens : -key_states.shape[-2]]
            original_sin = sin[self.num_sink_tokens + key_states.shape[-2] :]
            shifted_sin = sin[self.num_sink_tokens : -key_states.shape[-2]]
            rerotation_cos = original_cos * shifted_cos + original_sin * shifted_sin
            rerotation_sin = -original_sin * shifted_cos + original_cos * shifted_sin

            self.cos_sin_cache[key_states.shape[-2]] = (
                rerotation_cos.to(key_states.dtype).unsqueeze(0),
                rerotation_sin.to(key_states.dtype).unsqueeze(0),
            )
        return self.cos_sin_cache[key_states.shape[-2]]

    def get_seq_length(self, layer_idx: Optional[int] = 0) -> int:
        """Returns the sequence length of the cached states. A layer index can be optionally passed."""
        # Workaround to make 'key_states.shape[-2] + past_key_value.get_seq_length(self.layer_idx)' <= window_length
        if len(self.key_cache) <= layer_idx:
            return 0
        cache_length = self.key_cache[layer_idx].shape[-2]
        return min(cache_length, self.window_length - 1)

    def update(
        self,
        key_states: torch.Tensor,
        value_states: torch.Tensor,
        layer_idx: int,
        cache_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        """
        Updates the cache with the new `key_states` and `value_states` for the layer `layer_idx`.

        Parameters:
            key_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                The new key states to cache.
            value_states (`torch.Tensor`):
                The new value states to cache.
            layer_idx (`int`):
                The index of the layer to cache the states for.
            cache_kwargs (`Dict[str, Any]`, `optional`):
                Additional arguments for the cache subclass. The following arguments can be used in `SinkCache`: `sin`,
                `cos` and `partial_rotation_size`. These arguments are used with models using RoPE, to recompute the
                rotation as the tokens are shifted.

        Return:
            A tuple containing the updated key and value states.
        """
        # Optional kwargs for `SinkCache` -- needed on models using RoPE. `partial_rotation_size` is used on models
        # with partially rotated position embeddings, like Phi or Persimmon.
        sin = cache_kwargs.get("sin")
        cos = cache_kwargs.get("cos")
        partial_rotation_size = cache_kwargs.get("partial_rotation_size")
        using_rope = cos is not None and sin is not None

        # Update the number of seen tokens
        if layer_idx == 0:
            self.seen_tokens += key_states.shape[-2]

        # [bsz, num_heads, seq_len, head_dim]
        if len(self.key_cache) <= layer_idx:
            # Empty cache
            self.key_cache.append(key_states)
            self.value_cache.append(value_states)

        elif key_states.shape[-2] + self.get_seq_length(layer_idx) < self.window_length:
            # Growing cache
            self.key_cache[layer_idx] = torch.cat([self.key_cache[layer_idx], key_states], dim=-2)
            self.value_cache[layer_idx] = torch.cat([self.value_cache[layer_idx], value_states], dim=-2)

        else:
            # Shifting cache
            keys_to_keep = self.key_cache[layer_idx][
                :, :, -self.window_length + self.num_sink_tokens + key_states.shape[-2] :
            ]

            # On RoPE models, we need to recompute the Key rotation as the tokens are shifted
            if using_rope:
                rerotation_cos, rerotation_sin = self._get_rerotation_cos_sin(key_states, cos, sin)
                if partial_rotation_size is not None:
                    keys_to_keep, keys_pass = (
                        keys_to_keep[..., :partial_rotation_size],
                        keys_to_keep[..., partial_rotation_size:],
                    )
                keys_to_keep = self._apply_key_rotary_pos_emb(keys_to_keep, rerotation_cos, rerotation_sin)
                if partial_rotation_size is not None:
                    keys_to_keep = torch.cat((keys_to_keep, keys_pass), dim=-1)

            # Concatenate sink tokens, shifted & rotated tokens (if needed), and new tokens
            sink_keys = self.key_cache[layer_idx][:, :, : self.num_sink_tokens]
            self.key_cache[layer_idx] = torch.cat([sink_keys, keys_to_keep, key_states], dim=-2)

            sink_values = self.value_cache[layer_idx][:, :, : self.num_sink_tokens]
            values_to_keep = self.value_cache[layer_idx][
                :, :, -self.window_length + self.num_sink_tokens + value_states.shape[-2] :
            ]
            self.value_cache[layer_idx] = torch.cat([sink_values, values_to_keep, value_states], dim=-2)

        return self.key_cache[layer_idx], self.value_cache[layer_idx]

    def reorder_cache(self, beam_idx: torch.LongTensor):
        """Reorders the cache for beam search, given the selected beam indices."""
        for layer_idx in range(len(self.key_cache)):
            device = self.key_cache[layer_idx].device
            self.key_cache[layer_idx] = self.key_cache[layer_idx].index_select(0, beam_idx.to(device))
            device = self.value_cache[layer_idx].device
            self.value_cache[layer_idx] = self.value_cache[layer_idx].index_select(0, beam_idx.to(device))
