# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2023 The HuggingFace Inc. & Google team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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""" Pix2Struct modeling file"""

import copy
import math
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import torch
import torch.utils.checkpoint
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.checkpoint import checkpoint

from ...activations import ACT2FN
from ...modeling_outputs import (
    BaseModelOutput,
    BaseModelOutputWithPooling,
    CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions,
    Seq2SeqLMOutput,
    Seq2SeqModelOutput,
)
from ...modeling_utils import PreTrainedModel
from ...pytorch_utils import ALL_LAYERNORM_LAYERS
from ...utils import (
    DUMMY_INPUTS,
    DUMMY_MASK,
    add_start_docstrings,
    add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward,
    is_torch_fx_proxy,
    logging,
    replace_return_docstrings,
)
from .configuration_pix2struct import Pix2StructConfig, Pix2StructTextConfig, Pix2StructVisionConfig


logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)

# General docstring
_CONFIG_FOR_DOC = "Pix2StructConfig"


PIX2STRUCT_PRETRAINED_MODEL_ARCHIVE_LIST = [
    "google/pix2struct-textcaps-base",
    "google/pix2struct-textcaps-large",
    "google/pix2struct-base",
    "google/pix2struct-large",
    "google/pix2struct-ai2d-base",
    "google/pix2struct-ai2d-large",
    "google/pix2struct-widget-captioning-base",
    "google/pix2struct-widget-captioning-large",
    "google/pix2struct-screen2words-base",
    "google/pix2struct-screen2words-large",
    "google/pix2struct-docvqa-base",
    "google/pix2struct-docvqa-large",
    "google/pix2struct-ocrvqa-base",
    "google/pix2struct-ocrvqa-large",
    "google/pix2struct-chartqa-base",
    "google/pix2struct-inforgraphics-vqa-base",
    "google/pix2struct-inforgraphics-vqa-large",
    # See all Pix2StructVision models at https://huggingface.co/models?filter=pix2struct
]


# Adapted from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerNorm with T5->Pix2Struct
class Pix2StructLayerNorm(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, hidden_size, eps=1e-6):
        """
        Construct a layernorm module in the T5 style. No bias and no subtraction of mean.
        """
        super().__init__()
        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(hidden_size))
        self.variance_epsilon = eps

    def forward(self, hidden_states):
        # T5 uses a layer_norm which only scales and doesn't shift, which is also known as Root Mean
        # Square Layer Normalization https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07467 thus varience is calculated
        # w/o mean and there is no bias. Additionally we want to make sure that the accumulation for
        # half-precision inputs is done in fp32

        variance = hidden_states.to(torch.float32).pow(2).mean(-1, keepdim=True)
        hidden_states = hidden_states * torch.rsqrt(variance + self.variance_epsilon)

        # convert into half-precision if necessary
        if self.weight.dtype in [torch.float16, torch.bfloat16]:
            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(self.weight.dtype)

        return self.weight * hidden_states


try:
    from apex.normalization import FusedRMSNorm

    Pix2StructLayerNorm = FusedRMSNorm  # noqa

    logger.info("Discovered apex.normalization.FusedRMSNorm - will use it instead of Pix2StructLayerNorm")
except ImportError:
    # using the normal Pix2StructLayerNorm
    pass
except Exception:
    logger.warning("Discovered apex but it failed to load, falling back to Pix2StructLayerNorm")
    pass

ALL_LAYERNORM_LAYERS.append(Pix2StructLayerNorm)


class Pix2StructVisionEmbeddings(nn.Module):
    r"""
    Construct the embeddings from patch. In `Pix2Struct` the input is different from classic Vision-transformer models.
    Here the input is a sequence of `seq_len` flattened patches that also combines padding patches (tokens). Each patch
    is represented by a vector of `hidden_size` values.
    """

    def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructConfig) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.patch_projection = nn.Linear(config.patch_embed_hidden_size, config.hidden_size)

        self.row_embedder = nn.Embedding(config.seq_len, config.hidden_size)
        self.column_embedder = nn.Embedding(config.seq_len, config.hidden_size)

        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)

    def forward(self, flattened_patches: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        # the row and column indices are stored in the first and second position of the flattened_patches
        # flattened_patches: `batch_size`, `seq_len`, `hidden_size` + 2
        row_indices = flattened_patches[:, :, 0].long()
        col_indices = flattened_patches[:, :, 1].long()

        flattened_patches = flattened_patches[:, :, 2:]

        embeddings = self.patch_projection(flattened_patches)
        row_embeddings = self.row_embedder(row_indices)
        col_embeddings = self.column_embedder(col_indices)

        # sum all embeddings together
        embeddings = embeddings + row_embeddings + col_embeddings

        embeddings = self.dropout(embeddings)

        return embeddings


class Pix2StructVisionAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__()
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
        self.key_value_proj_dim = config.d_kv
        self.n_heads = config.num_attention_heads
        self.dropout = config.attention_dropout
        self.inner_dim = self.n_heads * self.key_value_proj_dim

        # Mesh TensorFlow initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
        self.query = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.inner_dim, bias=False)
        self.key = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.inner_dim, bias=False)
        self.value = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.inner_dim, bias=False)
        self.output = nn.Linear(self.inner_dim, self.hidden_size, bias=False)

        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states,
        attention_mask=None,
        position_bias=None,
        layer_head_mask=None,
        output_attentions=False,
    ):
        """
        Self-attention block
        """
        # Input is (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
        # Mask is (batch_size, key_length) (non-causal) or (batch_size, key_length, key_length)
        # past_key_value[0] is (batch_size, n_heads, q_len - 1, dim_per_head)
        batch_size, seq_length = hidden_states.shape[:2]

        def to_projection_shape(states):
            """projection"""
            return states.contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)

        # get query states
        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
        query_states = to_projection_shape(self.query(hidden_states))

        # get key/value states
        key_states = to_projection_shape(self.key(hidden_states))
        value_states = to_projection_shape(self.value(hidden_states))

        # compute scores
        # equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9
        scores = torch.matmul(query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2))

        if position_bias is None:
            position_bias = torch.zeros(
                (1, self.n_heads, seq_length, seq_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
            )
            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                position_bias.requires_grad = True

            if attention_mask is None:
                attention_mask = torch.ones((batch_size, seq_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype)

            if attention_mask.dim() == 2:
                position_bias = position_bias + attention_mask[:, None, :, None].to(position_bias.device)
            else:
                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
                position_bias = position_bias + attention_mask.to(position_bias.device)
            position_bias = 1 - position_bias

        position_bias_masked = position_bias.masked_fill(position_bias == 1, torch.finfo(scores.dtype).min)
        scores += position_bias_masked
        scores = torch.max(scores, torch.tensor(torch.finfo(scores.dtype).min))

        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores, dim=-1, dtype=torch.float32).type_as(scores)

        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)

        # Mask heads if we want to
        if layer_head_mask is not None:
            attn_weights = attn_weights * layer_head_mask

        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)

        # (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)

        attn_output = self.output(attn_output)

        outputs = (attn_output,) + (position_bias,)

        if output_attentions:
            outputs = outputs + (attn_weights,)
        return outputs


# Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5DenseGatedActDense with T5DenseGatedActDense->Pix2StructVisionMlp,T5Config->Pix2StructVisionConfig,config.d_model->config.hidden_size,dropout_rate->dropout_rate
class Pix2StructVisionMlp(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructVisionConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.wi_0 = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.d_ff, bias=False)
        self.wi_1 = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.d_ff, bias=False)
        self.wo = nn.Linear(config.d_ff, config.hidden_size, bias=False)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
        self.act = ACT2FN[config.dense_act_fn]

    def forward(self, hidden_states):
        hidden_gelu = self.act(self.wi_0(hidden_states))
        hidden_linear = self.wi_1(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = hidden_gelu * hidden_linear
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)

        # To make 8bit quantization work for google/flan-t5-xxl, self.wo is kept in float32.
        # See https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/20287
        # we also make sure the weights are not in `int8` in case users will force `_keep_in_fp32_modules` to be `None``
        if (
            isinstance(self.wo.weight, torch.Tensor)
            and hidden_states.dtype != self.wo.weight.dtype
            and self.wo.weight.dtype != torch.int8
        ):
            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(self.wo.weight.dtype)

        hidden_states = self.wo(hidden_states)
        return hidden_states


class Pix2StructVisionLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructConfig) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.chunk_size_feed_forward = config.chunk_size_feed_forward
        self.seq_len_dim = 1
        self.attention = Pix2StructVisionAttention(config)
        self.mlp = Pix2StructVisionMlp(config)
        self.pre_mlp_layer_norm = Pix2StructLayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
        self.pre_attention_layer_norm = Pix2StructLayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
    ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor], Tuple[torch.Tensor]]:
        residual = hidden_states

        # in Pix2StructVision, layernorm is applied before self-attention
        hidden_states = self.pre_attention_layer_norm(hidden_states)

        self_attention_outputs = self.attention(
            hidden_states,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            layer_head_mask=head_mask,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
        )
        attention_output = self_attention_outputs[0]
        outputs = self_attention_outputs[1:]  # add self attentions if we output attention weights

        # first residual connection
        hidden_states = attention_output + residual

        # in Pix2StructVision, layernorm is also applied after self-attention
        layer_output = self.pre_mlp_layer_norm(hidden_states)
        layer_output = self.mlp(layer_output) + hidden_states  # second residual connection

        outputs = (layer_output,) + outputs

        return outputs


class Pix2StructVisionEncoder(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructConfig) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.layer = nn.ModuleList([Pix2StructVisionLayer(config) for _ in range(config.num_hidden_layers)])
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: bool = False,
        output_hidden_states: bool = False,
        return_dict: bool = True,
    ) -> Union[tuple, BaseModelOutput]:
        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
        all_self_attentions = () if output_attentions else None

        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.layer):
            if output_hidden_states:
                all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

            layer_head_mask = head_mask[i] if head_mask is not None else None

            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:

                def create_custom_forward(module):
                    def custom_forward(*inputs):
                        return module(*inputs, output_attentions)

                    return custom_forward

                layer_outputs = torch.utils.checkpoint.checkpoint(
                    create_custom_forward(layer_module),
                    hidden_states,
                    attention_mask,
                    layer_head_mask,
                )
            else:
                layer_outputs = layer_module(hidden_states, attention_mask, layer_head_mask, output_attentions)

            hidden_states = layer_outputs[0]

            if output_attentions:
                all_self_attentions = all_self_attentions + (layer_outputs[1],)

        if output_hidden_states:
            all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(v for v in [hidden_states, all_hidden_states, all_self_attentions] if v is not None)
        return BaseModelOutput(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
            hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
            attentions=all_self_attentions,
        )


class Pix2StructPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
    """
    An abstract class to handle weights initialization and a simple interface for downloading and loading pretrained
    models.
    """

    config_class = Pix2StructConfig

    @property
    def dummy_inputs(self):
        input_ids = torch.tensor(DUMMY_INPUTS)
        input_mask = torch.tensor(DUMMY_MASK)
        dummy_inputs = {
            "decoder_input_ids": input_ids,
            "input_ids": input_ids,
            "decoder_attention_mask": input_mask,
        }
        return dummy_inputs

    def _init_weights(self, module):
        """Initialize the weights"""
        factor = self.config.initializer_factor  # Used for testing weights initialization
        if isinstance(module, Pix2StructLayerNorm):
            module.weight.data.fill_(factor * 1.0)
        elif isinstance(module, Pix2StructTextDenseGatedActDense):
            hidden_size = (
                self.config.text_config.hidden_size
                if isinstance(self.config, Pix2StructConfig)
                else self.config.hidden_size
            )
            d_ff = self.config.text_config.d_ff if isinstance(self.config, Pix2StructConfig) else self.config.d_ff

            module.wi_0.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * ((hidden_size) ** -0.5))
            if hasattr(module.wi_0, "bias") and module.wi_0.bias is not None:
                module.wi_0.bias.data.zero_()
            module.wi_1.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * ((hidden_size) ** -0.5))
            if hasattr(module.wi_1, "bias") and module.wi_1.bias is not None:
                module.wi_1.bias.data.zero_()
            module.wo.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * ((d_ff) ** -0.5))
            if hasattr(module.wo, "bias") and module.wo.bias is not None:
                module.wo.bias.data.zero_()
        elif isinstance(module, Pix2StructTextAttention):
            # Mesh TensorFlow attention initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
            # See https://github.com/tensorflow/mesh/blob/fa19d69eafc9a482aff0b59ddd96b025c0cb207d/mesh_tensorflow/transformer/attention.py#L136
            hidden_size = (
                self.config.text_config.hidden_size
                if isinstance(self.config, Pix2StructConfig)
                else self.config.hidden_size
            )
            key_value_proj_dim = (
                self.config.text_config.d_kv if isinstance(self.config, Pix2StructConfig) else self.config.hidden_size
            )
            n_heads = (
                self.config.text_config.num_heads
                if isinstance(self.config, Pix2StructConfig)
                else self.config.num_heads
            )

            module.query.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * ((hidden_size * key_value_proj_dim) ** -0.5))
            module.key.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * (hidden_size**-0.5))
            module.value.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * (hidden_size**-0.5))
            module.output.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * ((n_heads * key_value_proj_dim) ** -0.5))
            if module.has_relative_attention_bias:
                module.relative_attention_bias.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * ((hidden_size) ** -0.5))
        elif isinstance(module, nn.Embedding):
            hidden_size = (
                self.config.text_config.hidden_size
                if isinstance(self.config, Pix2StructConfig)
                else self.config.hidden_size
            )

            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * ((hidden_size) ** -0.5))
            if module.padding_idx is not None:
                module.weight.data[module.padding_idx].zero_()
        elif isinstance(module, Pix2StructTextModel):
            hidden_size = (
                self.config.text_config.hidden_size
                if isinstance(self.config, Pix2StructConfig)
                else self.config.hidden_size
            )

            module.lm_head.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=factor * ((hidden_size) ** -0.5))
        elif isinstance(module, (nn.Linear, nn.Conv2d)):
            # Upcast the input in `fp32` and cast it back to desired `dtype` to avoid
            # `trunc_normal_cpu` not implemented in `half` issues
            module.weight.data = nn.init.trunc_normal_(
                module.weight.data.to(torch.float32), mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range
            ).to(module.weight.dtype)
            if module.bias is not None:
                module.bias.data.zero_()
        elif isinstance(module, Pix2StructLayerNorm):
            if module.weight is not None:
                module.weight.data.fill_(1.0)
        elif isinstance(module, nn.Embedding):
            module.weight.data.normal_(mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range)
            if module.padding_idx is not None:
                module.weight.data[module.padding_idx].zero_()

    # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5PreTrainedModel._shift_right with T5->Pix2Struct
    def _shift_right(self, input_ids):
        decoder_start_token_id = self.config.decoder_start_token_id
        pad_token_id = self.config.pad_token_id

        assert decoder_start_token_id is not None, (
            "self.model.config.decoder_start_token_id has to be defined. In Pix2Struct it is usually set to the pad_token_id."
            " See Pix2Struct docs for more information"
        )

        # shift inputs to the right
        if is_torch_fx_proxy(input_ids):
            # Item assignment is not supported natively for proxies.
            shifted_input_ids = torch.full(input_ids.shape[:-1] + (1,), decoder_start_token_id)
            shifted_input_ids = torch.cat([shifted_input_ids, input_ids[..., :-1]], dim=-1)
        else:
            shifted_input_ids = input_ids.new_zeros(input_ids.shape)
            shifted_input_ids[..., 1:] = input_ids[..., :-1].clone()
            shifted_input_ids[..., 0] = decoder_start_token_id

        assert pad_token_id is not None, "self.model.config.pad_token_id has to be defined."
        # replace possible -100 values in labels by `pad_token_id`
        shifted_input_ids.masked_fill_(shifted_input_ids == -100, pad_token_id)

        return shifted_input_ids


PIX2STRUCT_VISION_START_DOCSTRING = r"""
    This model is a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass. Use it
    as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and
    behavior.

    Parameters:
        config ([`Pix2StructConfig`]): Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model.
            Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the
            configuration. Check out the [`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`] method to load the model weights.
"""

PIX2STRUCT_VISION_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        flattened_patches (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, num_channels x patch_height x patch_width)`):
            Flattened and padded pixel values. These values can be obtained using [`AutoImageProcessor`]. See
            [`Pix2StructVisionImageProcessor.__call__`] for details. Check the [original
            paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03347) (figure 5) for more details.

        attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding pixel values. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

        head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, *optional*):
            Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

            - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
            - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
            tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
            more detail.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
"""


@add_start_docstrings(
    "The bare Pix2StructVision Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
    PIX2STRUCT_VISION_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class Pix2StructVisionModel(Pix2StructPreTrainedModel):
    config_class = Pix2StructVisionConfig
    main_input_name = "flattened_patches"
    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
    _no_split_modules = ["Pix2StructVisionLayer"]

    def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructConfig):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.config = config

        self.embeddings = Pix2StructVisionEmbeddings(config)
        self.encoder = Pix2StructVisionEncoder(config)

        self.layernorm = Pix2StructLayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def _set_gradient_checkpointing(self, module: Pix2StructVisionEncoder, value: bool = False) -> None:
        if isinstance(module, Pix2StructVisionEncoder):
            module.gradient_checkpointing = value

    def get_input_embeddings(self):
        return self.embeddings.patch_projection

    def _prune_heads(self, heads_to_prune: Dict[int, List[int]]) -> None:
        """
        Prunes heads of the model. heads_to_prune: dict of {layer_num: list of heads to prune in this layer} See base
        class PreTrainedModel
        """
        for layer, heads in heads_to_prune.items():
            self.encoder.layer[layer].attention.prune_heads(heads)

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(PIX2STRUCT_VISION_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=BaseModelOutputWithPooling, config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC)
    def forward(
        self,
        flattened_patches: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, BaseModelOutputWithPooling]:
        r"""
        Returns:

        Example:

        ```python
        >>> import requests
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, Pix2StructVisionModel

        >>> image_processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/pix2struct-textcaps-base")
        >>> model = Pix2StructVisionModel.from_pretrained("google/pix2struct-textcaps-base")

        >>> url = "https://www.ilankelman.org/stopsigns/australia.jpg"
        >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)

        >>> inputs = image_processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
        >>> with torch.no_grad():
        ...     outputs = model(**inputs)

        >>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state
        >>> list(last_hidden_states.shape)
        [1, 2048, 768]
        ```
        """
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        if flattened_patches is None:
            raise ValueError("You have to specify flattened_patches")

        if attention_mask is None:
            # check where `flattened_patches` is not 0
            attention_mask = (flattened_patches.sum(dim=-1) != 0).float()

        # Prepare head mask if needed
        # 1.0 in head_mask indicate we keep the head
        # attention_probs has shape bsz x n_heads x N x N
        # input head_mask has shape [num_heads] or [num_hidden_layers x num_heads]
        # and head_mask is converted to shape [num_hidden_layers x batch x num_heads x seq_length x seq_length]
        head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_hidden_layers)

        embedding_output = self.embeddings(flattened_patches)

        encoder_outputs = self.encoder(
            embedding_output,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            head_mask=head_mask,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )
        sequence_output = encoder_outputs[0]
        sequence_output = self.layernorm(sequence_output)

        if not return_dict:
            head_outputs = (sequence_output,)
            return head_outputs + encoder_outputs[1:]

        return BaseModelOutput(
            last_hidden_state=sequence_output,
            hidden_states=encoder_outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=encoder_outputs.attentions,
        )


# Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5DenseGatedActDense with T5->Pix2StructText,d_model->hidden_size
class Pix2StructTextDenseGatedActDense(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructTextConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.wi_0 = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.d_ff, bias=False)
        self.wi_1 = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.d_ff, bias=False)
        self.wo = nn.Linear(config.d_ff, config.hidden_size, bias=False)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)
        self.act = ACT2FN[config.dense_act_fn]

    def forward(self, hidden_states):
        hidden_gelu = self.act(self.wi_0(hidden_states))
        hidden_linear = self.wi_1(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = hidden_gelu * hidden_linear
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)

        # To make 8bit quantization work for google/flan-t5-xxl, self.wo is kept in float32.
        # See https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/20287
        # we also make sure the weights are not in `int8` in case users will force `_keep_in_fp32_modules` to be `None``
        if (
            isinstance(self.wo.weight, torch.Tensor)
            and hidden_states.dtype != self.wo.weight.dtype
            and self.wo.weight.dtype != torch.int8
        ):
            hidden_states = hidden_states.to(self.wo.weight.dtype)

        hidden_states = self.wo(hidden_states)
        return hidden_states


class Pix2StructTextLayerFF(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructTextConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.DenseReluDense = Pix2StructTextDenseGatedActDense(config)

        self.layer_norm = Pix2StructLayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)

    # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerFF.forward
    def forward(self, hidden_states):
        forwarded_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
        forwarded_states = self.DenseReluDense(forwarded_states)
        hidden_states = hidden_states + self.dropout(forwarded_states)
        return hidden_states


class Pix2StructTextAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructTextConfig, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
        super().__init__()
        self.has_relative_attention_bias = has_relative_attention_bias
        self.relative_attention_num_buckets = config.relative_attention_num_buckets
        self.relative_attention_max_distance = config.relative_attention_max_distance
        self.hidden_size = config.hidden_size
        self.key_value_proj_dim = config.d_kv
        self.n_heads = config.num_heads
        self.dropout = config.dropout_rate
        self.inner_dim = self.n_heads * self.key_value_proj_dim

        # Mesh TensorFlow initialization to avoid scaling before softmax
        self.query = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.hidden_size, bias=False)
        self.key = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.hidden_size, bias=False)
        self.value = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.hidden_size, bias=False)
        self.output = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.hidden_size, bias=False)

        if self.has_relative_attention_bias:
            self.relative_attention_bias = nn.Embedding(self.relative_attention_num_buckets, self.n_heads)
        self.pruned_heads = set()
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

    @staticmethod
    # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5Attention._relative_position_bucket
    def _relative_position_bucket(relative_position, bidirectional=True, num_buckets=32, max_distance=128):
        """
        Adapted from Mesh Tensorflow:
        https://github.com/tensorflow/mesh/blob/0cb87fe07da627bf0b7e60475d59f95ed6b5be3d/mesh_tensorflow/transformer/transformer_layers.py#L593

        Translate relative position to a bucket number for relative attention. The relative position is defined as
        memory_position - query_position, i.e. the distance in tokens from the attending position to the attended-to
        position. If bidirectional=False, then positive relative positions are invalid. We use smaller buckets for
        small absolute relative_position and larger buckets for larger absolute relative_positions. All relative
        positions >=max_distance map to the same bucket. All relative positions <=-max_distance map to the same bucket.
        This should allow for more graceful generalization to longer sequences than the model has been trained on

        Args:
            relative_position: an int32 Tensor
            bidirectional: a boolean - whether the attention is bidirectional
            num_buckets: an integer
            max_distance: an integer

        Returns:
            a Tensor with the same shape as relative_position, containing int32 values in the range [0, num_buckets)
        """
        relative_buckets = 0
        if bidirectional:
            num_buckets //= 2
            relative_buckets += (relative_position > 0).to(torch.long) * num_buckets
            relative_position = torch.abs(relative_position)
        else:
            relative_position = -torch.min(relative_position, torch.zeros_like(relative_position))
        # now relative_position is in the range [0, inf)

        # half of the buckets are for exact increments in positions
        max_exact = num_buckets // 2
        is_small = relative_position < max_exact

        # The other half of the buckets are for logarithmically bigger bins in positions up to max_distance
        relative_position_if_large = max_exact + (
            torch.log(relative_position.float() / max_exact)
            / math.log(max_distance / max_exact)
            * (num_buckets - max_exact)
        ).to(torch.long)
        relative_position_if_large = torch.min(
            relative_position_if_large, torch.full_like(relative_position_if_large, num_buckets - 1)
        )

        relative_buckets += torch.where(is_small, relative_position, relative_position_if_large)
        return relative_buckets

    # Adapted from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5Attention.compute_bias
    def compute_bias(self, query_length, key_length, device=None):
        """Compute binned relative position bias"""
        if device is None:
            device = self.relative_attention_bias.weight.device
        context_position = torch.arange(query_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[:, None]
        memory_position = torch.arange(key_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)[None, :]
        relative_position = memory_position - context_position  # shape (query_length, key_length)
        relative_position_bucket = self._relative_position_bucket(
            relative_position,  # shape (query_length, key_length)
            bidirectional=False,
            num_buckets=self.relative_attention_num_buckets,
            max_distance=self.relative_attention_max_distance,
        )
        values = self.relative_attention_bias(relative_position_bucket)  # shape (query_length, key_length, num_heads)
        values = values.permute([2, 0, 1]).unsqueeze(0)  # shape (1, num_heads, query_length, key_length)
        return values

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states,
        mask=None,
        key_value_states=None,
        position_bias=None,
        past_key_value=None,
        layer_head_mask=None,
        query_length=None,
        use_cache=False,
        output_attentions=False,
    ):
        """
        Self-attention (if key_value_states is None) or attention over source sentence (provided by key_value_states).
        """
        # Input is (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
        # Mask is (batch_size, key_length) (non-causal) or (batch_size, key_length, key_length)
        # past_key_value[0] is (batch_size, n_heads, q_len - 1, dim_per_head)
        batch_size, seq_length = hidden_states.shape[:2]

        real_seq_length = seq_length

        if past_key_value is not None:
            if len(past_key_value) != 2:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"past_key_value should have 2 past states: keys and values. Got { len(past_key_value)} past states"
                )
            real_seq_length += past_key_value[0].shape[2] if query_length is None else query_length

        key_length = real_seq_length if key_value_states is None else key_value_states.shape[1]

        def to_projection_shape(states):
            """projection"""
            return states.contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.n_heads, self.key_value_proj_dim).transpose(1, 2)

        def project(hidden_states, proj_layer, key_value_states, past_key_value):
            """projects hidden states correctly to key/query states"""
            if key_value_states is None:
                # self-attn
                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
                hidden_states = to_projection_shape(proj_layer(hidden_states))
            elif past_key_value is None:
                # cross-attn
                # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
                hidden_states = to_projection_shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))

            if past_key_value is not None:
                if key_value_states is None:
                    # self-attn
                    # (batch_size, n_heads, key_length, dim_per_head)
                    hidden_states = torch.cat([past_key_value, hidden_states], dim=2)
                elif past_key_value.shape[2] != key_value_states.shape[1]:
                    # checking that the `sequence_length` of the `past_key_value` is the same as
                    # the provided `key_value_states` to support prefix tuning
                    # cross-attn
                    # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
                    hidden_states = to_projection_shape(proj_layer(key_value_states))
                else:
                    # cross-attn
                    hidden_states = past_key_value
            return hidden_states

        # get query states
        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, dim_per_head)
        query_states = to_projection_shape(self.query(hidden_states))

        # get key/value states
        key_states = project(
            hidden_states, self.key, key_value_states, past_key_value[0] if past_key_value is not None else None
        )
        value_states = project(
            hidden_states, self.value, key_value_states, past_key_value[1] if past_key_value is not None else None
        )

        # compute scores
        scores = torch.matmul(
            query_states, key_states.transpose(3, 2)
        )  # equivalent of torch.einsum("bnqd,bnkd->bnqk", query_states, key_states), compatible with onnx op>9

        if position_bias is None:
            if not self.has_relative_attention_bias:
                position_bias = torch.zeros(
                    (1, self.n_heads, real_seq_length, key_length), device=scores.device, dtype=scores.dtype
                )
                if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                    position_bias.requires_grad = True
            else:
                position_bias = self.compute_bias(real_seq_length, key_length, device=scores.device)

            # if key and values are already calculated
            # we want only the last query position bias
            if past_key_value is not None:
                position_bias = position_bias[:, :, -hidden_states.size(1) :, :]

            if mask is not None:
                position_bias = position_bias + mask  # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)

        if self.pruned_heads:
            mask = torch.ones(position_bias.shape[1])
            mask[list(self.pruned_heads)] = 0
            position_bias_masked = position_bias[:, mask.bool()]
        else:
            position_bias_masked = position_bias

        scores += position_bias_masked
        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
        attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(scores.float(), dim=-1).type_as(scores)

        # (batch_size, n_heads, seq_length, key_length)
        attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=self.dropout, training=self.training)

        # Mask heads if we want to
        if layer_head_mask is not None:
            attn_weights = attn_weights * layer_head_mask

        attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value_states)
        # (batch_size, seq_length, dim)
        attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1, self.inner_dim)

        attn_output = self.output(attn_output)

        present_key_value_state = (key_states, value_states) if use_cache else None
        outputs = (attn_output,) + (present_key_value_state,) + (position_bias,)

        if output_attentions:
            outputs = outputs + (attn_weights,)
        return outputs


# Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerSelfAttention with T5LayerNorm->Pix2StructLayerNorm,T5Attention->Pix2StructTextAttention,self.SelfAttention->self.attention,config.d_model->config.hidden_size
class Pix2StructTextLayerSelfAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
        super().__init__()
        self.attention = Pix2StructTextAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias)
        self.layer_norm = Pix2StructLayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states,
        attention_mask=None,
        position_bias=None,
        layer_head_mask=None,
        past_key_value=None,
        use_cache=False,
        output_attentions=False,
    ):
        normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
        attention_output = self.attention(
            normed_hidden_states,
            mask=attention_mask,
            position_bias=position_bias,
            layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
            past_key_value=past_key_value,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
        )
        hidden_states = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
        outputs = (hidden_states,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
        return outputs


# Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5LayerCrossAttention with T5LayerNorm->Pix2StructLayerNorm,T5Attention->Pix2StructTextAttention,self.EncDecAttention->self.attention,config.d_model->config.hidden_size
class Pix2StructTextLayerCrossAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__()
        self.attention = Pix2StructTextAttention(config, has_relative_attention_bias=False)
        self.layer_norm = Pix2StructLayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states,
        key_value_states,
        attention_mask=None,
        position_bias=None,
        layer_head_mask=None,
        past_key_value=None,
        use_cache=False,
        query_length=None,
        output_attentions=False,
    ):
        normed_hidden_states = self.layer_norm(hidden_states)
        attention_output = self.attention(
            normed_hidden_states,
            mask=attention_mask,
            key_value_states=key_value_states,
            position_bias=position_bias,
            layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
            past_key_value=past_key_value,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            query_length=query_length,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
        )
        layer_output = hidden_states + self.dropout(attention_output[0])
        outputs = (layer_output,) + attention_output[1:]  # add attentions if we output them
        return outputs


class Pix2StructTextBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config, has_relative_attention_bias=False):
        super().__init__()

        self.self_attention = Pix2StructTextLayerSelfAttention(
            config, has_relative_attention_bias=has_relative_attention_bias
        )

        self.encoder_decoder_attention = Pix2StructTextLayerCrossAttention(config)

        self.mlp = Pix2StructTextLayerFF(config)

    def forward(
        self,
        hidden_states,
        attention_mask=None,
        position_bias=None,
        encoder_hidden_states=None,
        encoder_attention_mask=None,
        encoder_decoder_position_bias=None,
        layer_head_mask=None,
        cross_attn_layer_head_mask=None,
        past_key_value=None,
        use_cache=False,
        output_attentions=False,
        return_dict=True,
    ):
        if past_key_value is not None:
            expected_num_past_key_values = 2 if encoder_hidden_states is None else 4

            if len(past_key_value) != expected_num_past_key_values:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"There should be {expected_num_past_key_values} past states. "
                    f"{'2 (past / key) for cross attention. ' if expected_num_past_key_values == 4 else ''}"
                    f"Got {len(past_key_value)} past key / value states"
                )

            self_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[:2]
            cross_attn_past_key_value = past_key_value[2:]
        else:
            self_attn_past_key_value, cross_attn_past_key_value = None, None

        self_attention_outputs = self.self_attention(
            hidden_states,
            attention_mask=attention_mask,
            position_bias=position_bias,
            layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
            past_key_value=self_attn_past_key_value,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
        )
        hidden_states, present_key_value_state = self_attention_outputs[:2]
        attention_outputs = self_attention_outputs[2:]  # Keep self-attention outputs and relative position weights

        # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
        if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16 and torch.isinf(hidden_states).any():
            clamp_value = torch.finfo(hidden_states.dtype).max - 1000
            hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)

        do_cross_attention = encoder_hidden_states is not None
        if do_cross_attention:
            # the actual query length is unknown for cross attention
            # if using past key value states. Need to inject it here
            if present_key_value_state is not None:
                query_length = present_key_value_state[0].shape[2]
            else:
                query_length = None

            cross_attention_outputs = self.encoder_decoder_attention(
                hidden_states,
                key_value_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
                past_key_value=cross_attn_past_key_value,
                query_length=query_length,
                use_cache=use_cache,
                output_attentions=output_attentions,
            )
            hidden_states = cross_attention_outputs[0]

            # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
            if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16 and torch.isinf(hidden_states).any():
                clamp_value = torch.finfo(hidden_states.dtype).max - 1000
                hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)

            # Combine self attn and cross attn key value states
            if present_key_value_state is not None:
                present_key_value_state = present_key_value_state + cross_attention_outputs[1]

            # Keep cross-attention outputs and relative position weights
            attention_outputs = attention_outputs + cross_attention_outputs[2:]

        # Apply Feed Forward layer
        hidden_states = self.mlp(hidden_states)

        # clamp inf values to enable fp16 training
        if hidden_states.dtype == torch.float16 and torch.isinf(hidden_states).any():
            clamp_value = torch.finfo(hidden_states.dtype).max - 1000
            hidden_states = torch.clamp(hidden_states, min=-clamp_value, max=clamp_value)

        outputs = (hidden_states,)

        if use_cache:
            outputs = outputs + (present_key_value_state,) + attention_outputs
        else:
            outputs = outputs + attention_outputs

        return outputs


PIX2STRUCT_START_DOCSTRING = r"""

    The Pix2Struct model was proposed in [Pix2Struct: Screenshot Parsing as Pretraining for Visual Language
    Understanding](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03347) by Kenton Lee, Mandar Joshi, Iulia Turc, Hexiang Hu, Fangyu Liu,
    Julian Eisenschlos, Urvashi Khandelwal, Peter Shaw, Ming-Wei Chang, Kristina Toutanova. It's an encoder decoder
    transformer pre-trained in a image-to-text setting.

    This model inherits from [`PreTrainedModel`]. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the
    library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads
    etc.)

    This model is also a PyTorch [torch.nn.Module](https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module) subclass.
    Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage
    and behavior.

    Parameters:
        config (Union[`Pix2StructConfig`, `Pix2StructTextConfig`]):
            Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not
            load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the
            [`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`] method to load the model weights.
"""

PIX2STRUCT_TEXT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
            Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Pix2StructText is a model with relative position
            embeddings so you should be able to pad the inputs on both the right and the left.

            Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for detail.

            [What are input IDs?](../glossary#input-ids)

            To know more on how to prepare `input_ids` for pretraining take a look a [Pix2StructText
            Training](./t5#training).
        attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

            - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
            - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

            [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
        decoder_input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, target_sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Indices of decoder input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

            Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.

            [What are decoder input IDs?](../glossary#decoder-input-ids)

            Pix2StructText uses the `pad_token_id` as the starting token for `decoder_input_ids` generation. If
            `past_key_values` is used, optionally only the last `decoder_input_ids` have to be input (see
            `past_key_values`).

            To know more on how to prepare `decoder_input_ids` for pretraining take a look at [Pix2StructText
            Training](./t5#training).
        decoder_attention_mask (`torch.BoolTensor` of shape `(batch_size, target_sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Default behavior: generate a tensor that ignores pad tokens in `decoder_input_ids`. Causal mask will also
            be used by default.
        head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, *optional*):
            Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules in the encoder. Mask values selected in `[0,
            1]`:

            - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
            - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

        decoder_head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, *optional*):
            Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules in the decoder. Mask values selected in `[0,
            1]`:

            - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
            - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

        cross_attn_head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, *optional*):
                Mask to nullify selected heads of the cross-attention modules in the decoder. Mask values selected in
                `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
                - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

        encoder_outputs (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*):
            Tuple consists of (`last_hidden_state`, `optional`: *hidden_states*, `optional`: *attentions*)
            `last_hidden_state` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)` is a sequence of hidden states at
            the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention of the decoder.
        past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))` of length `config.n_layers` with each tuple having 4 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length - 1, embed_size_per_head)`):
            Contains precomputed key and value hidden states of the attention layers. Can be used to speed up decoding.

            If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those that
            don't have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all
            `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
        inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Optionally, instead of passing `input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This
            is useful if you want more control over how to convert `input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the
            model's internal embedding lookup matrix.
        decoder_inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, target_sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Optionally, instead of passing `decoder_input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded
            representation. If `past_key_values` is used, optionally only the last `decoder_inputs_embeds` have to be
            input (see `past_key_values`). This is useful if you want more control over how to convert
            `decoder_input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model's internal embedding lookup matrix.

            If `decoder_input_ids` and `decoder_inputs_embeds` are both unset, `decoder_inputs_embeds` takes the value
            of `inputs_embeds`.

        use_cache (`bool`, *optional*):
            If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see
            `past_key_values`).

        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
            tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
            more detail.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
"""

PIX2STRUCT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING = r"""
    Args:
        flattened_patches (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, seq_length, hidden_size)`):
            Flattened pixel patches. the `hidden_size` is obtained by the following formula: `hidden_size` =
            `num_channels` * `patch_size` * `patch_size`

            The process of flattening the pixel patches is done by `Pix2StructProcessor`.

        attention_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in `[0, 1]`:

            - 1 for tokens that are **not masked**,
            - 0 for tokens that are **masked**.

            [What are attention masks?](../glossary#attention-mask)
        decoder_input_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, target_sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Indices of decoder input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.

            Indices can be obtained using [`AutoTokenizer`]. See [`PreTrainedTokenizer.encode`] and
            [`PreTrainedTokenizer.__call__`] for details.

            [What are decoder input IDs?](../glossary#decoder-input-ids)

            Pix2StructText uses the `pad_token_id` as the starting token for `decoder_input_ids` generation. If
            `past_key_values` is used, optionally only the last `decoder_input_ids` have to be input (see
            `past_key_values`).

            To know more on how to prepare `decoder_input_ids` for pretraining take a look at [Pix2StructText
            Training](./t5#training).
        decoder_attention_mask (`torch.BoolTensor` of shape `(batch_size, target_sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Default behavior: generate a tensor that ignores pad tokens in `decoder_input_ids`. Causal mask will also
            be used by default.
        head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, *optional*):
            Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules in the encoder. Mask values selected in `[0,
            1]`:

            - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
            - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

        decoder_head_mask (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, *optional*):
            Mask to nullify selected heads of the self-attention modules in the decoder. Mask values selected in `[0,
            1]`:

            - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
            - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

        cross_attn_head_mask (`torch.Tensor` of shape `(num_heads,)` or `(num_layers, num_heads)`, *optional*):
                Mask to nullify selected heads of the cross-attention modules in the decoder. Mask values selected in
                `[0, 1]`:

                - 1 indicates the head is **not masked**,
                - 0 indicates the head is **masked**.

        encoder_outputs (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, *optional*):
            Tuple consists of (`last_hidden_state`, `optional`: *hidden_states*, `optional`: *attentions*)
            `last_hidden_state` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)` is a sequence of hidden states at
            the output of the last layer of the encoder. Used in the cross-attention of the decoder.
        past_key_values (`tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor))` of length `config.n_layers` with each tuple having 4 tensors of shape `(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length - 1, embed_size_per_head)`):
            Contains precomputed key and value hidden states of the attention layers. Can be used to speed up decoding.

            If `past_key_values` are used, the user can optionally input only the last `decoder_input_ids` (those that
            don't have their past key value states given to this model) of shape `(batch_size, 1)` instead of all
            `decoder_input_ids` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`.
        decoder_inputs_embeds (`torch.FloatTensor` of shape `(batch_size, target_sequence_length, hidden_size)`, *optional*):
            Optionally, instead of passing `decoder_input_ids` you can choose to directly pass an embedded
            representation. If `past_key_values` is used, optionally only the last `decoder_inputs_embeds` have to be
            input (see `past_key_values`). This is useful if you want more control over how to convert
            `decoder_input_ids` indices into associated vectors than the model's internal embedding lookup matrix.

            If `decoder_input_ids` and `decoder_inputs_embeds` are both unset, `decoder_inputs_embeds` takes the value
            of `inputs_embeds`.
        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss for the decoder.

        use_cache (`bool`, *optional*):
            If set to `True`, `past_key_values` key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see
            `past_key_values`).

        output_attentions (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See `attentions` under returned
            tensors for more detail.
        output_hidden_states (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See `hidden_states` under returned tensors for
            more detail.
        return_dict (`bool`, *optional*):
            Whether or not to return a [`~utils.ModelOutput`] instead of a plain tuple.
"""


@add_start_docstrings(
    "The standalone text decoder of Pix2Struct",
    PIX2STRUCT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class Pix2StructTextModel(Pix2StructPreTrainedModel):
    config_class = Pix2StructTextConfig
    _no_split_modules = ["Pix2StructTextBlock"]
    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True

    def _set_gradient_checkpointing(self, module, value=False):
        if isinstance(module, (Pix2StructTextAttention, Pix2StructTextModel)):
            module.gradient_checkpointing = value

    def __init__(self, config):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.embed_tokens = nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.hidden_size)

        self.layer = nn.ModuleList(
            [Pix2StructTextBlock(config, has_relative_attention_bias=bool(i == 0)) for i in range(config.num_layers)]
        )
        self.final_layer_norm = Pix2StructLayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_epsilon)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.dropout_rate)

        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.vocab_size, bias=False)

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

    # Copied from transformers.models.t5.modeling_t5.T5PreTrainedModel._reorder_cache
    def _reorder_cache(self, past_key_values, beam_idx):
        # if decoder past is not included in output
        # speedy decoding is disabled and no need to reorder
        if past_key_values is None:
            logger.warning("You might want to consider setting `use_cache=True` to speed up decoding")
            return past_key_values

        reordered_decoder_past = ()
        for layer_past_states in past_key_values:
            # get the correct batch idx from layer past batch dim
            # batch dim of `past` is at 2nd position
            reordered_layer_past_states = ()
            for layer_past_state in layer_past_states:
                # need to set correct `past` for each of the four key / value states
                reordered_layer_past_states = reordered_layer_past_states + (
                    layer_past_state.index_select(0, beam_idx.to(layer_past_state.device)),
                )

            assert reordered_layer_past_states[0].shape == layer_past_states[0].shape
            assert len(reordered_layer_past_states) == len(layer_past_states)

            reordered_decoder_past = reordered_decoder_past + (reordered_layer_past_states,)
        return reordered_decoder_past

    def get_input_embeddings(self):
        return self.embed_tokens

    def set_input_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
        self.embed_tokens = new_embeddings

    def get_output_embeddings(self):
        return self.lm_head

    def set_output_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
        self.lm_head = new_embeddings

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(PIX2STRUCT_TEXT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions, config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC)
    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids=None,
        attention_mask=None,
        encoder_hidden_states=None,
        encoder_attention_mask=None,
        inputs_embeds=None,
        head_mask=None,
        cross_attn_head_mask=None,
        past_key_values=None,
        use_cache=None,
        output_attentions=None,
        output_hidden_states=None,
        labels=None,
        return_dict=None,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        r"""
        Returns:

        Example:

        ```python
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, Pix2StructTextModel

        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/pix2struct-textcaps-base")
        >>> model = Pix2StructTextModel.from_pretrained("google/pix2struct-textcaps-base")

        >>> inputs = processor(text="Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")
        >>> outputs = model(**inputs)
        >>> loss = outputs.loss
        ```
        """
        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (
            output_hidden_states if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states
        )
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        if input_ids is not None and inputs_embeds is not None:
            raise ValueError("You cannot specify both decoder_input_ids and decoder_inputs_embeds at the same time")
        elif input_ids is not None:
            input_shape = input_ids.size()
            input_ids = input_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
        elif inputs_embeds is not None:
            input_shape = inputs_embeds.size()[:-1]
        else:
            raise ValueError("You have to specify either decoder_input_ids or decoder_inputs_embeds")

        if inputs_embeds is None:
            assert self.embed_tokens is not None, "You have to initialize the model with valid token embeddings"
            inputs_embeds = self.embed_tokens(input_ids)

        batch_size, seq_length = input_shape

        # required mask seq length can be calculated via length of past
        mask_seq_length = past_key_values[0][0].shape[2] + seq_length if past_key_values is not None else seq_length

        if attention_mask is None:
            attention_mask = torch.ones(batch_size, mask_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device)
        if encoder_attention_mask is None and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
            encoder_seq_length = encoder_hidden_states.shape[1]
            encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(
                batch_size, encoder_seq_length, device=inputs_embeds.device, dtype=torch.long
            )

        # initialize past_key_values with `None` if past does not exist
        if past_key_values is None:
            past_key_values = [None] * len(self.layer)

        # We can provide a self-attention mask of dimensions [batch_size, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
        # ourselves in which case we just need to make it broadcastable to all heads.
        extended_attention_mask = self.get_extended_attention_mask(attention_mask, input_shape)

        # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
        # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
        if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
            encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length, _ = encoder_hidden_states.size()
            encoder_hidden_shape = (encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length)
            if encoder_attention_mask is None:
                encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(encoder_hidden_shape, device=inputs_embeds.device)
            encoder_extended_attention_mask = self.invert_attention_mask(encoder_attention_mask)
        else:
            encoder_extended_attention_mask = None

        # Prepare head mask if needed
        head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
        cross_attn_head_mask = self.get_head_mask(cross_attn_head_mask, self.config.num_layers)
        present_key_value_states = () if use_cache else None
        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None
        all_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
        all_cross_attentions = () if (output_attentions) else None
        position_bias = None
        encoder_decoder_position_bias = None

        hidden_states = self.dropout(inputs_embeds)

        for i, (layer_module, past_key_value) in enumerate(zip(self.layer, past_key_values)):
            layer_head_mask = head_mask[i]
            cross_attn_layer_head_mask = cross_attn_head_mask[i]
            if output_hidden_states:
                all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
                if use_cache:
                    logger.warning(
                        "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`..."
                    )
                    use_cache = False

                def create_custom_forward(module):
                    def custom_forward(*inputs):
                        return tuple(module(*inputs, use_cache, output_attentions))

                    return custom_forward

                layer_outputs = checkpoint(
                    create_custom_forward(layer_module),
                    hidden_states,
                    extended_attention_mask,
                    position_bias,
                    encoder_hidden_states,
                    encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                    encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                    layer_head_mask,
                    cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
                    None,  # past_key_value is always None with gradient checkpointing
                )
            else:
                layer_outputs = layer_module(
                    hidden_states,
                    attention_mask=extended_attention_mask,
                    position_bias=position_bias,
                    encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                    encoder_attention_mask=encoder_extended_attention_mask,
                    encoder_decoder_position_bias=encoder_decoder_position_bias,
                    layer_head_mask=layer_head_mask,
                    cross_attn_layer_head_mask=cross_attn_layer_head_mask,
                    past_key_value=past_key_value,
                    use_cache=use_cache,
                    output_attentions=output_attentions,
                )

            # layer_outputs is a tuple with:
            # hidden-states, key-value-states, (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights), (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights)
            if use_cache is False:
                layer_outputs = layer_outputs[:1] + (None,) + layer_outputs[1:]

            hidden_states, present_key_value_state = layer_outputs[:2]

            # We share the position biases between the layers - the first layer store them
            # layer_outputs = hidden-states, key-value-states (self-attention position bias), (self-attention weights),
            # (cross-attention position bias), (cross-attention weights)
            position_bias = layer_outputs[2]
            if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
                encoder_decoder_position_bias = layer_outputs[4 if output_attentions else 3]
            # append next layer key value states
            if use_cache:
                present_key_value_states = present_key_value_states + (present_key_value_state,)

            if output_attentions:
                all_attentions = all_attentions + (layer_outputs[2],)
                all_cross_attentions = all_cross_attentions + (layer_outputs[3],)

        hidden_states = self.final_layer_norm(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)

        logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states)

        # Add last layer
        if output_hidden_states:
            all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            loss_fct = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=-100, reduction="mean", label_smoothing=0.1)
            masked_labels = labels.masked_fill(labels == self.config.pad_token_id, -100)

            loss = loss_fct(logits.contiguous().view(-1, logits.size(-1)), masked_labels.contiguous().view(-1))

        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(
                v
                for v in [
                    loss,
                    logits,
                    present_key_value_states,
                    all_hidden_states,
                    all_attentions,
                    all_cross_attentions,
                ]
                if v is not None
            )
        return CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            past_key_values=present_key_value_states,
            hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
            attentions=all_attentions,
            cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
        )

    def prepare_inputs_for_generation(self, input_ids, past_key_values=None, attention_mask=None, **model_kwargs):
        input_shape = input_ids.shape
        # if model is used as a decoder in encoder-decoder model, the decoder attention mask is created on the fly
        if attention_mask is None:
            attention_mask = input_ids.new_ones(input_shape)

        # cut decoder_input_ids if past_key_values is used
        if past_key_values is not None:
            input_ids = input_ids[:, -1:]

        return {
            "input_ids": input_ids,
            "attention_mask": attention_mask,
            "past_key_values": past_key_values,
            "encoder_hidden_states": model_kwargs.get("encoder_hidden_states", None),
            "encoder_attention_mask": model_kwargs.get("encoder_attention_mask", None),
            "is_decoder": True,
        }


@add_start_docstrings(
    "A conditional generation model with a language modeling head. Can be used for sequence generation tasks.",
    PIX2STRUCT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class Pix2StructForConditionalGeneration(Pix2StructPreTrainedModel):
    config_class = Pix2StructConfig
    main_input_name = "flattened_patches"

    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_missing = [
        r"encoder.embed_tokens.weight",
        r"decoder.embed_tokens.weight",
    ]
    _keys_to_ignore_on_load_unexpected = [
        r"decoder.layer.0.layer.1.EncDecAttention.relative_attention_bias.weight",
    ]

    def __init__(self, config: Pix2StructConfig):
        super().__init__(config)
        encoder_config = copy.deepcopy(config.vision_config)
        self.encoder = Pix2StructVisionModel(encoder_config)

        decoder_config = copy.deepcopy(config.text_config)
        self.decoder_start_token_id = decoder_config.pad_token_id
        self.decoder_eos_token_ids = decoder_config.eos_token_id
        self.decoder = Pix2StructTextModel(decoder_config)

        self.is_vqa = config.is_vqa

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_input_embeddings(self):
        return self.decoder.get_input_embeddings()

    def set_input_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
        self.decoder.set_input_embeddings(new_embeddings)

    def get_output_embeddings(self) -> nn.Module:
        return self.decoder.get_output_embeddings()

    def set_output_embeddings(self, new_embeddings):
        self.decoder.set_output_embeddings(new_embeddings)

    def resize_token_embeddings(self, new_num_tokens: Optional[int] = None) -> nn.Embedding:
        model_embeds = self.decoder.resize_token_embeddings(new_num_tokens)

        # update vocab size
        self.config.text_config.vocab_size = new_num_tokens

        return model_embeds

    def get_decoder(self):
        return self.decoder

    def get_encoder(self):
        return self.encoder

    @add_start_docstrings_to_model_forward(PIX2STRUCT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
    @replace_return_docstrings(output_type=Seq2SeqModelOutput, config_class=_CONFIG_FOR_DOC)
    def forward(
        self,
        flattened_patches: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        decoder_input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        decoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.BoolTensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        decoder_head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        cross_attn_head_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_outputs: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]]] = None,
        past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]]] = None,
        labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        decoder_inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor], Seq2SeqModelOutput]:
        r"""
        Returns:

        Example:

        ```python
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> import requests
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, Pix2StructForConditionalGeneration

        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/pix2struct-textcaps-base")
        >>> model = Pix2StructForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("google/pix2struct-textcaps-base")

        >>> labels = "A stop sign is on the street corner."
        >>> url = "https://www.ilankelman.org/stopsigns/australia.jpg"
        >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)

        >>> inputs = processor(images=image, text=labels, return_tensors="pt", add_special_tokens=True)

        >>> # forward pass
        >>> outputs = model(**inputs)
        >>> last_hidden_states = outputs.loss
        ```"""
        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.text_config.use_cache
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        # Encode if needed (training, first prediction pass)
        if encoder_outputs is None:
            encoder_outputs = self.encoder(
                flattened_patches=flattened_patches,
                attention_mask=attention_mask,
                head_mask=head_mask,
                output_attentions=output_attentions,
                output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
                return_dict=return_dict,
            )

        hidden_states = encoder_outputs[0]

        if labels is not None and decoder_input_ids is None and decoder_inputs_embeds is None:
            # get decoder inputs from shifting lm labels to the right
            decoder_input_ids = self._shift_right(labels)
            decoder_attention_mask = (
                decoder_attention_mask
                if decoder_attention_mask is not None
                else decoder_input_ids.ne(self.config.pad_token_id).float()
            )
            # Always attend to the first token
            decoder_attention_mask[:, 0] = 1

        # Decode
        decoder_outputs = self.decoder(
            input_ids=decoder_input_ids,
            attention_mask=decoder_attention_mask,
            inputs_embeds=decoder_inputs_embeds,
            past_key_values=past_key_values,
            encoder_hidden_states=hidden_states,
            encoder_attention_mask=attention_mask,
            head_mask=decoder_head_mask,
            cross_attn_head_mask=cross_attn_head_mask,
            use_cache=use_cache,
            output_attentions=output_attentions,
            output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
            labels=labels,
            return_dict=return_dict,
        )

        if not return_dict:
            return decoder_outputs + encoder_outputs

        return Seq2SeqLMOutput(
            loss=decoder_outputs.loss,
            logits=decoder_outputs.logits,
            past_key_values=decoder_outputs.past_key_values,
            decoder_hidden_states=decoder_outputs.hidden_states,
            decoder_attentions=decoder_outputs.attentions,
            cross_attentions=decoder_outputs.cross_attentions,
            encoder_last_hidden_state=encoder_outputs.last_hidden_state,
            encoder_hidden_states=encoder_outputs.hidden_states,
            encoder_attentions=encoder_outputs.attentions,
        )

    @torch.no_grad()
    def generate(
        self,
        flattened_patches: torch.FloatTensor,
        decoder_input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        decoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        **generate_kwargs,
    ):
        r"""
        Returns:

        Example:

        ```python
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> import requests
        >>> from transformers import AutoProcessor, Pix2StructForConditionalGeneration

        >>> processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("google/pix2struct-textcaps-base")
        >>> model = Pix2StructForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("google/pix2struct-textcaps-base")

        >>> conditional_text = "A stop sign"
        >>> url = "https://www.ilankelman.org/stopsigns/australia.jpg"
        >>> image = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)

        >>> inputs = processor(images=image, text=conditional_text, return_tensors="pt", add_special_tokens=True)

        >>> # forward pass
        >>> outputs = model.generate(**inputs)
        >>> print(processor.batch_decode(outputs, skip_special_tokens=True))
        ['A stop sign the street with a sign that says yes']
        ```"""
        batch_size, _, _ = flattened_patches.shape

        vision_outputs = self.encoder(flattened_patches=flattened_patches, attention_mask=attention_mask)

        image_embeds = vision_outputs[0]

        if isinstance(decoder_input_ids, torch.Tensor):
            # check if the first element of `input_ids` is equal to `decoder_input_ids`:
            if (decoder_input_ids[:, 0] != self.decoder_start_token_id).all().item():
                # add `decoder_input_ids` as first token to `input_ids`
                decoder_input_ids = torch.cat(
                    [
                        torch.ones((decoder_input_ids.shape[0], 1), dtype=torch.long, device=decoder_input_ids.device)
                        * self.decoder_start_token_id,
                        decoder_input_ids,
                    ],
                    dim=-1,
                )

                if decoder_attention_mask is not None:
                    decoder_attention_mask = torch.cat(
                        [
                            torch.ones(
                                (decoder_attention_mask.shape[0], 1),
                                dtype=torch.long,
                                device=decoder_attention_mask.device,
                            ),
                            decoder_attention_mask,
                        ],
                        dim=-1,
                    )
        elif decoder_input_ids is None:
            decoder_input_ids = (
                torch.LongTensor([[self.decoder_start_token_id]]).repeat(batch_size, 1).to(image_embeds.device)
            )

        if decoder_attention_mask is None:
            decoder_attention_mask = torch.ones_like(decoder_input_ids).to(image_embeds.device)

        outputs = self.decoder.generate(
            input_ids=decoder_input_ids,
            attention_mask=decoder_attention_mask,
            encoder_hidden_states=image_embeds,
            encoder_attention_mask=attention_mask,
            **generate_kwargs,
        )

        return outputs
