# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright contributors to the vLLM project

import asyncio
import atexit
from collections.abc import Iterable
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
from itertools import groupby
from pathlib import Path
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, TypeVar, Union
from urllib.parse import ParseResult, urlparse
from urllib.request import url2pathname

import numpy as np
import numpy.typing as npt
import torch
from PIL import Image, UnidentifiedImageError
from typing_extensions import deprecated

import vllm.envs as envs
from vllm.connections import HTTPConnection, global_http_connection
from vllm.utils.jsontree import json_map_leaves

from .audio import AudioMediaIO
from .base import MediaIO
from .image import ImageEmbeddingMediaIO, ImageMediaIO
from .video import VideoMediaIO

_M = TypeVar("_M")

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from .inputs import (BatchedTensorInputs, MultiModalKwargsItem,
                         MultiModalKwargsItems, MultiModalPlaceholderDict)
else:
    BatchedTensorInputs = Any
    MultiModalKwargsItem = Any
    MultiModalKwargsItems = Any
    MultiModalPlaceholderDict = Any

global_thread_pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(
    max_workers=envs.VLLM_MEDIA_LOADING_THREAD_COUNT)
atexit.register(global_thread_pool.shutdown)


class MediaConnector:

    def __init__(
        self,
        media_io_kwargs: Optional[dict[str, dict[str, Any]]] = None,
        connection: HTTPConnection = global_http_connection,
        *,
        allowed_local_media_path: str = "",
        allowed_media_domains: Optional[list[str]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Args:
            media_io_kwargs: Additional args passed to process media 
                             inputs, keyed by modalities. For example, 
                             to set num_frames for video, set 
                             `--media-io-kwargs '{"video":{"num_frames":40}}'`
            connection: HTTP connection client to download media contents.
            allowed_local_media_path: A local directory to load media files
                                      from.
        """
        super().__init__()

        self.media_io_kwargs: dict[str, dict[
            str, Any]] = media_io_kwargs if media_io_kwargs else {}
        self.connection = connection

        if allowed_local_media_path:
            allowed_local_media_path_ = Path(allowed_local_media_path)

            if not allowed_local_media_path_.exists():
                raise ValueError(
                    "Invalid `--allowed-local-media-path`: The path "
                    f"{allowed_local_media_path_} does not exist.")
            if not allowed_local_media_path_.is_dir():
                raise ValueError(
                    "Invalid `--allowed-local-media-path`: The path "
                    f"{allowed_local_media_path_} must be a directory.")
        else:
            allowed_local_media_path_ = None

        self.allowed_local_media_path = allowed_local_media_path_
        if allowed_media_domains is None:
            allowed_media_domains = []
        self.allowed_media_domains = allowed_media_domains

    def _load_data_url(
        self,
        url_spec: ParseResult,
        media_io: MediaIO[_M],
    ) -> _M:  # type: ignore[type-var]
        data_spec, data = url_spec.path.split(",", 1)
        media_type, data_type = data_spec.split(";", 1)

        if data_type != "base64":
            msg = "Only base64 data URLs are supported for now."
            raise NotImplementedError(msg)

        return media_io.load_base64(media_type, data)

    def _load_file_url(
        self,
        url_spec: ParseResult,
        media_io: MediaIO[_M],
    ) -> _M:  # type: ignore[type-var]
        allowed_local_media_path = self.allowed_local_media_path
        if allowed_local_media_path is None:
            raise RuntimeError("Cannot load local files without "
                               "`--allowed-local-media-path`.")

        filepath = Path(url2pathname(url_spec.path))
        if allowed_local_media_path not in filepath.resolve().parents:
            raise ValueError(
                f"The file path {filepath} must be a subpath "
                f"of `--allowed-local-media-path` {allowed_local_media_path}.")

        return media_io.load_file(filepath)

    def _assert_url_in_allowed_media_domains(self, url_spec) -> None:
        if self.allowed_media_domains and url_spec.hostname not in \
            self.allowed_media_domains:
            raise ValueError(
                f"The URL must be from one of the allowed domains: "
                f"{self.allowed_media_domains}. Input URL domain: "
                f"{url_spec.hostname}")

    def load_from_url(
        self,
        url: str,
        media_io: MediaIO[_M],
        *,
        fetch_timeout: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> _M:  # type: ignore[type-var]
        url_spec = urlparse(url)

        if url_spec.scheme.startswith("http"):
            self._assert_url_in_allowed_media_domains(url_spec)

            connection = self.connection
            data = connection.get_bytes(
                url,
                timeout=fetch_timeout,
                allow_redirects=envs.VLLM_MEDIA_URL_ALLOW_REDIRECTS,
            )

            return media_io.load_bytes(data)

        if url_spec.scheme == "data":
            return self._load_data_url(url_spec, media_io)

        if url_spec.scheme == "file":
            return self._load_file_url(url_spec, media_io)

        msg = "The URL must be either a HTTP, data or file URL."
        raise ValueError(msg)

    async def load_from_url_async(
        self,
        url: str,
        media_io: MediaIO[_M],
        *,
        fetch_timeout: Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> _M:
        url_spec = urlparse(url)
        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()

        if url_spec.scheme.startswith("http"):
            self._assert_url_in_allowed_media_domains(url_spec)

            connection = self.connection
            data = await connection.async_get_bytes(
                url,
                timeout=fetch_timeout,
                allow_redirects=envs.VLLM_MEDIA_URL_ALLOW_REDIRECTS,
            )
            future = loop.run_in_executor(global_thread_pool,
                                          media_io.load_bytes, data)
            return await future

        if url_spec.scheme == "data":
            future = loop.run_in_executor(global_thread_pool,
                                          self._load_data_url, url_spec,
                                          media_io)
            return await future

        if url_spec.scheme == "file":
            future = loop.run_in_executor(global_thread_pool,
                                          self._load_file_url, url_spec,
                                          media_io)
            return await future
        msg = "The URL must be either a HTTP, data or file URL."
        raise ValueError(msg)

    def fetch_audio(
        self,
        audio_url: str,
    ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, Union[int, float]]:
        """
        Load audio from a URL.
        """
        audio_io = AudioMediaIO(**self.media_io_kwargs.get("audio", {}))

        return self.load_from_url(
            audio_url,
            audio_io,
            fetch_timeout=envs.VLLM_AUDIO_FETCH_TIMEOUT,
        )

    async def fetch_audio_async(
        self,
        audio_url: str,
    ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, Union[int, float]]:
        """
        Asynchronously fetch audio from a URL.
        """
        audio_io = AudioMediaIO(**self.media_io_kwargs.get("audio", {}))

        return await self.load_from_url_async(
            audio_url,
            audio_io,
            fetch_timeout=envs.VLLM_AUDIO_FETCH_TIMEOUT,
        )

    def fetch_image(
        self,
        image_url: str,
        *,
        image_mode: str = "RGB",
    ) -> Image.Image:
        """
        Load a PIL image from an HTTP or base64 data URL.

        By default, the image is converted into RGB format.
        """
        image_io = ImageMediaIO(image_mode=image_mode,
                                **self.media_io_kwargs.get("image", {}))

        try:
            return self.load_from_url(
                image_url,
                image_io,
                fetch_timeout=envs.VLLM_IMAGE_FETCH_TIMEOUT,
            )
        except UnidentifiedImageError as e:
            # convert to ValueError to be properly caught upstream
            raise ValueError(str(e)) from e

    async def fetch_image_async(
        self,
        image_url: str,
        *,
        image_mode: str = "RGB",
    ) -> Image.Image:
        """
        Asynchronously load a PIL image from an HTTP or base64 data URL.

        By default, the image is converted into RGB format.
        """
        image_io = ImageMediaIO(image_mode=image_mode,
                                **self.media_io_kwargs.get("image", {}))

        try:
            return await self.load_from_url_async(
                image_url,
                image_io,
                fetch_timeout=envs.VLLM_IMAGE_FETCH_TIMEOUT,
            )
        except UnidentifiedImageError as e:
            # convert to ValueError to be properly caught upstream
            raise ValueError(str(e)) from e

    def fetch_video(
        self,
        video_url: str,
        *,
        image_mode: str = "RGB",
    ) -> tuple[npt.NDArray, dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Load video from an HTTP or base64 data URL.
        """
        image_io = ImageMediaIO(image_mode=image_mode,
                                **self.media_io_kwargs.get("image", {}))
        video_io = VideoMediaIO(image_io,
                                **self.media_io_kwargs.get("video", {}))

        return self.load_from_url(
            video_url,
            video_io,
            fetch_timeout=envs.VLLM_VIDEO_FETCH_TIMEOUT,
        )

    async def fetch_video_async(
        self,
        video_url: str,
        *,
        image_mode: str = "RGB",
    ) -> tuple[npt.NDArray, dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Asynchronously load video from an HTTP or base64 data URL.

        By default, the image is converted into RGB format.
        """
        image_io = ImageMediaIO(image_mode=image_mode,
                                **self.media_io_kwargs.get("image", {}))
        video_io = VideoMediaIO(image_io,
                                **self.media_io_kwargs.get("video", {}))

        return await self.load_from_url_async(
            video_url,
            video_io,
            fetch_timeout=envs.VLLM_VIDEO_FETCH_TIMEOUT,
        )

    def fetch_image_embedding(
        self,
        data: str,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Load image embedding from a URL.
        """
        image_embedding_io = ImageEmbeddingMediaIO()

        return image_embedding_io.load_base64("", data)


def encode_audio_base64(
    audio: np.ndarray,
    sampling_rate: int,
) -> str:
    """Encode audio as base64."""
    audio_io = AudioMediaIO()
    return audio_io.encode_base64((audio, sampling_rate))


def encode_image_base64(
    image: Image.Image,
    *,
    image_mode: str = "RGB",
    format: str = "JPEG",
) -> str:
    """
    Encode a pillow image to base64 format.

    By default, the image is converted into RGB format before being encoded.
    """
    image_io = ImageMediaIO(image_mode=image_mode)
    return image_io.encode_base64(image, image_format=format)


def encode_video_base64(frames: npt.NDArray) -> str:
    image_io = ImageMediaIO()
    video_io = VideoMediaIO(image_io)
    return video_io.encode_base64(frames)


def argsort_mm_positions(
        mm_positions: MultiModalPlaceholderDict) -> list[tuple[str, int]]:
    """
    Given a `MultiModalPlaceholderDict`, output a sequence of keys to
    sort the dictionary by `offset` (starting index in the input sequence)
    in ascending order.

    Returns:
        A list of `(modality, idx)`, which can be used to access an item
        by `mm_positions[modality][idx]`.
    """
    flat_items = ((modality, idx, item)
                  for modality, items in mm_positions.items()
                  for idx, item in enumerate(items))

    sorted_flat_items = sorted(flat_items, key=lambda x: x[2].offset)

    return [(modality, idx) for modality, idx, _ in sorted_flat_items]


# Temporary back-compatibility for plugins that define model runner
@deprecated("`group_mm_inputs_by_modality` is superseded by "
            "`group_mm_kwargs_by_modality` and will be removed in v0.13. "
            "Please use `group_mm_kwargs_by_modality` instead.")
def group_mm_inputs_by_modality(
    mm_inputs: list[MultiModalKwargsItems]
) -> list[list[MultiModalKwargsItems]]:
    if not mm_inputs:
        return []

    def modality_group_func(
            mm_input: MultiModalKwargsItems) -> Union[str, int]:
        # If the input has multiple modalities, return an id as the unique key
        # for the mm_input input.
        if len(mm_input) > 1:
            return id(mm_input)

        elif len(mm_input) == 1:
            return next(iter(mm_input.keys()))

        raise AssertionError("This line should be unreachable.")

    return [
        list(group) for _, group in groupby(mm_inputs, key=modality_group_func)
    ]


def group_mm_kwargs_by_modality(
    mm_kwargs: list[MultiModalKwargsItem],
    *,
    device: torch.types.Device = None,
    pin_memory: bool = False,
    merge_by_field_config: bool = False,
) -> Iterable[tuple[str, int, BatchedTensorInputs]]:
    """Group consecutive `MultiModalKwargsItem`s from `mm_kwargs` with the same
    modality together into the same `MultiModalKwargs` instance.

    Args:
        mm_kwargs: List of `MultiModalKwargsItem`.
        device: The device to place the grouped tensors on.
        pin_memory: Whether to pin memory for faster host-to-device transfer.

    Yields:
        A tuple `(modality, num_items, grouped_kwargs)`.
    """
    from vllm.multimodal.inputs import MultiModalKwargs, MultiModalKwargsItems

    for modality, items in groupby(mm_kwargs, key=lambda item: item.modality):
        items_lst = list(items)

        # TODO: Enable `merge_by_field_config` for all models
        # to avoid creating an extra batch dimension (except for fields
        # that are meant to be stacked anyway).
        # We will also need to update each model to remove `flatten_bn`.
        if merge_by_field_config:
            mm_kwargs_group: BatchedTensorInputs = dict(
                MultiModalKwargsItems.from_seq(items_lst).get_data(
                    pin_memory=pin_memory))

            if device is not None:
                mm_kwargs_group = json_map_leaves(
                    lambda x: x.to(device=device),
                    mm_kwargs_group,
                )
        else:
            mm_kwargs_group = MultiModalKwargs.as_kwargs(
                MultiModalKwargs.batch(
                    [
                        MultiModalKwargsItems.from_seq([item]).get_data()
                        for item in items_lst
                    ],
                    pin_memory=pin_memory,
                ),
                device=device,
            )

        yield modality, len(items_lst), mm_kwargs_group


def fetch_audio(
    audio_url: str,
    audio_io_kwargs: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
) -> tuple[np.ndarray, Union[int, float]]:
    """
    Args:
        audio_url: URL of the audio file to fetch.
        audio_io_kwargs: Additional kwargs passed to handle audio IO.
    """
    media_io_kwargs = None if not audio_io_kwargs else {
        "audio": audio_io_kwargs
    }
    media_connector = MediaConnector(media_io_kwargs=media_io_kwargs)
    return media_connector.fetch_audio(audio_url)


def fetch_image(
    image_url: str,
    image_io_kwargs: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
) -> Image.Image:
    """
    Args:
        image_url: URL of the image file to fetch.
        image_io_kwargs: Additional kwargs passed to handle image IO.
    """
    media_io_kwargs = None if not image_io_kwargs else {
        "image": image_io_kwargs
    }
    media_connector = MediaConnector(media_io_kwargs=media_io_kwargs)
    return media_connector.fetch_image(image_url)


def fetch_video(
    video_url: str,
    video_io_kwargs: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
) -> tuple[npt.NDArray, dict[str, Any]]:
    """
    Args:
        video_url: URL of the video file to fetch.
        video_io_kwargs: Additional kwargs passed to handle video IO.
    """
    media_io_kwargs = None if not video_io_kwargs else {
        "video": video_io_kwargs
    }
    media_connector = MediaConnector(media_io_kwargs=media_io_kwargs)
    return media_connector.fetch_video(video_url)
