import time
from contextlib import contextmanager
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import (TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Dict, Iterable, List,
                    Mapping, Optional)
from typing import Sequence as GenericSequence
from typing import Set, Tuple, Type, Union

import torch
from typing_extensions import TypeVar, assert_never

import vllm.envs as envs
from vllm.config import (CacheConfig, DecodingConfig, DeviceConfig,
                         EngineConfig, LoadConfig, LoRAConfig, ModelConfig,
                         ObservabilityConfig, ParallelConfig,
                         PromptAdapterConfig, SchedulerConfig,
                         SpeculativeConfig)
from vllm.core.scheduler import (ScheduledSequenceGroup, Scheduler,
                                 SchedulerOutputs)
from vllm.engine.arg_utils import EngineArgs
from vllm.engine.metrics_types import StatLoggerBase, Stats
from vllm.engine.output_processor.interfaces import (
    SequenceGroupOutputProcessor)
from vllm.engine.output_processor.stop_checker import StopChecker
from vllm.engine.output_processor.util import create_output_by_sequence_group
from vllm.executor.executor_base import ExecutorBase
from vllm.executor.ray_utils import initialize_ray_cluster
from vllm.inputs import (INPUT_REGISTRY, EncoderDecoderLLMInputs,
                         InputRegistry, LLMInputs, PromptInputs,
                         SingletonPromptInputs)
from vllm.inputs.parse import is_explicit_encoder_decoder_prompt
from vllm.logger import init_logger
from vllm.lora.request import LoRARequest
from vllm.multimodal import MultiModalDataDict
from vllm.outputs import (EmbeddingRequestOutput, RequestOutput,
                          RequestOutputFactory)
from vllm.pooling_params import PoolingParams
from vllm.prompt_adapter.request import PromptAdapterRequest
from vllm.sampling_params import SamplingParams
from vllm.sequence import (EmbeddingSequenceGroupOutput, ExecuteModelRequest,
                           PoolerOutput, SamplerOutput, Sequence,
                           SequenceGroup, SequenceGroupMetadata,
                           SequenceStatus)
from vllm.tracing import (SpanAttributes, SpanKind, extract_trace_context,
                          init_tracer)
from vllm.transformers_utils.config import try_get_generation_config
from vllm.transformers_utils.detokenizer import Detokenizer
from vllm.transformers_utils.tokenizer import AnyTokenizer
from vllm.transformers_utils.tokenizer_group import (
    BaseTokenizerGroup, init_tokenizer_from_configs)
from vllm.usage.usage_lib import (UsageContext, is_usage_stats_enabled,
                                  usage_message)
from vllm.utils import Counter, Device
from vllm.version import __version__ as VLLM_VERSION

logger = init_logger(__name__)
_LOCAL_LOGGING_INTERVAL_SEC = 5


def _load_generation_config_dict(model_config: ModelConfig) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    config = try_get_generation_config(
        model_config.model,
        trust_remote_code=model_config.trust_remote_code,
        revision=model_config.revision,
    )

    if config is None:
        return {}

    return config.to_diff_dict()


_G = TypeVar("_G", bound=BaseTokenizerGroup, default=BaseTokenizerGroup)
_O = TypeVar("_O", RequestOutput, EmbeddingRequestOutput)

PromptComponents = Tuple[Optional[str], List[int],
                         Optional[MultiModalDataDict]]
DecoderPromptComponents = Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[List[int]],
                                Optional[MultiModalDataDict]]


@dataclass
class SchedulerOutputState:
    """Caches the scheduler outputs for a virtual engine. Used for Multi-Step"""
    last_output: Optional[SamplerOutput] = None
    seq_group_metadata_list: Optional[List[SequenceGroupMetadata]] = None
    scheduler_outputs: Optional[SchedulerOutputs] = None


class LLMEngine:
    """An LLM engine that receives requests and generates texts.

    This is the main class for the vLLM engine. It receives requests
    from clients and generates texts from the LLM. It includes a tokenizer, a
    language model (possibly distributed across multiple GPUs), and GPU memory
    space allocated for intermediate states (aka KV cache). This class utilizes
    iteration-level scheduling and efficient memory management to maximize the
    serving throughput.

    The :class:`~vllm.LLM` class wraps this class for offline batched inference
    and the :class:`AsyncLLMEngine` class wraps this class for online serving.

    The config arguments are derived from :class:`~vllm.EngineArgs`. (See
    :ref:`engine_args`)

    Args:
        model_config: The configuration related to the LLM model.
        cache_config: The configuration related to the KV cache memory
            management.
        parallel_config: The configuration related to distributed execution.
        scheduler_config: The configuration related to the request scheduler.
        device_config: The configuration related to the device.
        lora_config (Optional): The configuration related to serving multi-LoRA.
        speculative_config (Optional): The configuration related to speculative
            decoding.
        executor_class: The model executor class for managing distributed
            execution.
        prompt_adapter_config (Optional): The configuration related to serving 
            prompt adapters.
        log_stats: Whether to log statistics.
        usage_context: Specified entry point, used for usage info collection.
    """

    DO_VALIDATE_OUTPUT: ClassVar[bool] = False
    """A flag to toggle whether to validate the type of request output."""

    @classmethod
    @contextmanager
    def enable_output_validation(cls):
        cls.DO_VALIDATE_OUTPUT = True

        yield

        cls.DO_VALIDATE_OUTPUT = False

    @classmethod
    def validate_output(
        cls,
        output: object,
        output_type: Type[_O],
    ) -> _O:
        do_validate = cls.DO_VALIDATE_OUTPUT

        if ((TYPE_CHECKING or do_validate)
                and not isinstance(output, output_type)):
            raise TypeError(f"Expected output of type {output_type}, "
                            f"but found type {type(output)}")

        return output

    @classmethod
    def validate_outputs(
        cls,
        outputs: GenericSequence[object],
        output_type: Type[_O],
    ) -> List[_O]:
        do_validate = cls.DO_VALIDATE_OUTPUT

        outputs_: List[_O]
        if TYPE_CHECKING or do_validate:
            outputs_ = []
            for output in outputs:
                if not isinstance(output, output_type):
                    raise TypeError(f"Expected output of type {output_type}, "
                                    f"but found type {type(output)}")

                outputs_.append(output)
        else:
            outputs_ = outputs

        return outputs_

    tokenizer: Optional[BaseTokenizerGroup]

    def __init__(
        self,
        model_config: ModelConfig,
        cache_config: CacheConfig,
        parallel_config: ParallelConfig,
        scheduler_config: SchedulerConfig,
        device_config: DeviceConfig,
        load_config: LoadConfig,
        lora_config: Optional[LoRAConfig],
        speculative_config: Optional[SpeculativeConfig],
        decoding_config: Optional[DecodingConfig],
        observability_config: Optional[ObservabilityConfig],
        prompt_adapter_config: Optional[PromptAdapterConfig],
        executor_class: Type[ExecutorBase],
        log_stats: bool,
        usage_context: UsageContext = UsageContext.ENGINE_CONTEXT,
        stat_loggers: Optional[Dict[str, StatLoggerBase]] = None,
        input_registry: InputRegistry = INPUT_REGISTRY,
    ) -> None:
        logger.info(
            "Initializing an LLM engine (v%s) with config: "
            "model=%r, speculative_config=%r, tokenizer=%r, "
            "skip_tokenizer_init=%s, tokenizer_mode=%s, revision=%s, "
            "rope_scaling=%r, rope_theta=%r, tokenizer_revision=%s, "
            "trust_remote_code=%s, dtype=%s, max_seq_len=%d, "
            "download_dir=%r, load_format=%s, tensor_parallel_size=%d, "
            "pipeline_parallel_size=%d, "
            "disable_custom_all_reduce=%s, quantization=%s, "
            "enforce_eager=%s, kv_cache_dtype=%s, "
            "quantization_param_path=%s, device_config=%s, "
            "decoding_config=%r, observability_config=%r, "
            "seed=%d, served_model_name=%s, use_v2_block_manager=%s, "
            "num_scheduler_steps=%d, enable_prefix_caching=%s)",
            VLLM_VERSION,
            model_config.model,
            speculative_config,
            model_config.tokenizer,
            model_config.skip_tokenizer_init,
            model_config.tokenizer_mode,
            model_config.revision,
            model_config.rope_scaling,
            model_config.rope_theta,
            model_config.tokenizer_revision,
            model_config.trust_remote_code,
            model_config.dtype,
            model_config.max_model_len,
            load_config.download_dir,
            load_config.load_format,
            parallel_config.tensor_parallel_size,
            parallel_config.pipeline_parallel_size,
            parallel_config.disable_custom_all_reduce,
            model_config.quantization,
            model_config.enforce_eager,
            cache_config.cache_dtype,
            model_config.quantization_param_path,
            device_config.device,
            decoding_config,
            observability_config,
            model_config.seed,
            model_config.served_model_name,
            scheduler_config.use_v2_block_manager,
            scheduler_config.num_scheduler_steps,
            cache_config.enable_prefix_caching,
        )
        # TODO(woosuk): Print more configs in debug mode.
        from vllm.plugins import load_general_plugins
        load_general_plugins()

        self.model_config = model_config
        self.cache_config = cache_config
        self.lora_config = lora_config
        self.parallel_config = parallel_config
        self.scheduler_config = scheduler_config
        self.device_config = device_config
        self.speculative_config = speculative_config
        self.load_config = load_config
        self.decoding_config = decoding_config or DecodingConfig()
        self.prompt_adapter_config = prompt_adapter_config
        self.observability_config = observability_config or ObservabilityConfig(
        )
        self.log_stats = log_stats

        if not self.model_config.skip_tokenizer_init:
            self.tokenizer = self._init_tokenizer()
            self.detokenizer = Detokenizer(self.tokenizer)
            tokenizer_group = self.get_tokenizer_group()
        else:
            self.tokenizer = None
            self.detokenizer = None
            tokenizer_group = None

        # Ensure that the function doesn't contain a reference to self,
        # to avoid engine GC issues
        def get_tokenizer_for_seq(sequence: Sequence) -> AnyTokenizer:
            assert tokenizer_group, ("tokenizer_group cannot be None, "
                                     "make sure skip_tokenizer_init is False")
            return tokenizer_group.get_lora_tokenizer(sequence.lora_request)

        self.seq_counter = Counter()
        self.generation_config_fields = _load_generation_config_dict(
            model_config)

        self.input_registry = input_registry
        self.input_processor = input_registry.create_input_processor(
            model_config)

        self.model_executor = executor_class(
            model_config=model_config,
            cache_config=cache_config,
            parallel_config=parallel_config,
            scheduler_config=scheduler_config,
            device_config=device_config,
            lora_config=lora_config,
            speculative_config=speculative_config,
            load_config=load_config,
            prompt_adapter_config=prompt_adapter_config,
            observability_config=self.observability_config,
        )

        if not self.model_config.embedding_mode:
            self._initialize_kv_caches()

        # If usage stat is enabled, collect relevant info.
        if is_usage_stats_enabled():
            from vllm.model_executor.model_loader import (
                get_architecture_class_name)
            usage_message.report_usage(
                get_architecture_class_name(model_config),
                usage_context,
                extra_kvs={
                    # Common configuration
                    "dtype":
                    str(model_config.dtype),
                    "tensor_parallel_size":
                    parallel_config.tensor_parallel_size,
                    "block_size":
                    cache_config.block_size,
                    "gpu_memory_utilization":
                    cache_config.gpu_memory_utilization,

                    # Quantization
                    "quantization":
                    model_config.quantization,
                    "kv_cache_dtype":
                    str(cache_config.cache_dtype),

                    # Feature flags
                    "enable_lora":
                    bool(lora_config),
                    "enable_prompt_adapter":
                    bool(prompt_adapter_config),
                    "enable_prefix_caching":
                    cache_config.enable_prefix_caching,
                    "enforce_eager":
                    model_config.enforce_eager,
                    "disable_custom_all_reduce":
                    parallel_config.disable_custom_all_reduce,
                })

        if self.tokenizer:
            # Ping the tokenizer to ensure liveness if it runs in a
            # different process.
            self.tokenizer.ping()

        # Create the scheduler.
        # NOTE: the cache_config here have been updated with the numbers of
        # GPU and CPU blocks, which are profiled in the distributed executor.
        self.scheduler = [
            Scheduler(scheduler_config, cache_config, lora_config,
                      parallel_config.pipeline_parallel_size)
            for _ in range(parallel_config.pipeline_parallel_size)
        ]

        # Metric Logging.
        if self.log_stats:
            if stat_loggers is not None:
                self.stat_loggers = stat_loggers
            else:
                # Lazy import for prometheus multiprocessing.
                # We need to set PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR environment variable
                # before prometheus_client is imported.
                # See https://prometheus.github.io/client_python/multiprocess/
                from vllm.engine.metrics import (LoggingStatLogger,
                                                 PrometheusStatLogger)

                self.stat_loggers = {
                    "logging":
                    LoggingStatLogger(
                        local_interval=_LOCAL_LOGGING_INTERVAL_SEC),
                    "prometheus":
                    PrometheusStatLogger(
                        local_interval=_LOCAL_LOGGING_INTERVAL_SEC,
                        labels=dict(model_name=model_config.served_model_name),
                        max_model_len=self.model_config.max_model_len),
                }
                self.stat_loggers["prometheus"].info("cache_config",
                                                     self.cache_config)

        self.tracer = None
        if self.observability_config.otlp_traces_endpoint:
            self.tracer = init_tracer(
                "vllm.llm_engine",
                self.observability_config.otlp_traces_endpoint)

        # Create sequence output processor, e.g. for beam search or
        # speculative decoding.
        self.output_processor = (
            SequenceGroupOutputProcessor.create_output_processor(
                self.scheduler_config,
                self.detokenizer,
                self.scheduler,
                self.seq_counter,
                get_tokenizer_for_seq,
                stop_checker=StopChecker(
                    self.scheduler_config.max_model_len,
                    get_tokenizer_for_seq,
                ),
            ))

        self.cached_scheduler_outputs = [
            SchedulerOutputState()
            for _ in range(self.parallel_config.pipeline_parallel_size)
        ]

    def _initialize_kv_caches(self) -> None:
        """Initialize the KV cache in the worker(s).

        The workers will determine the number of blocks in both the GPU cache
        and the swap CPU cache.
        """
        num_gpu_blocks, num_cpu_blocks = (
            self.model_executor.determine_num_available_blocks())

        if self.cache_config.num_gpu_blocks_override is not None:
            num_gpu_blocks_override = self.cache_config.num_gpu_blocks_override
            logger.info(
                "Overriding num_gpu_blocks=%d with "
                "num_gpu_blocks_override=%d", num_gpu_blocks,
                num_gpu_blocks_override)
            num_gpu_blocks = num_gpu_blocks_override

        self.cache_config.num_gpu_blocks = num_gpu_blocks
        self.cache_config.num_cpu_blocks = num_cpu_blocks

        self.model_executor.initialize_cache(num_gpu_blocks, num_cpu_blocks)

    @classmethod
    def _get_executor_cls(cls,
                          engine_config: EngineConfig) -> Type[ExecutorBase]:
        distributed_executor_backend = (
            engine_config.parallel_config.distributed_executor_backend)
        # Initialize the cluster and specify the executor class.
        if isinstance(distributed_executor_backend, type):
            if not issubclass(distributed_executor_backend, ExecutorBase):
                raise TypeError(
                    "distributed_executor_backend must be a subclass of "
                    f"ExecutorBase. Got {distributed_executor_backend}.")
            if distributed_executor_backend.uses_ray:  # type: ignore
                initialize_ray_cluster(engine_config.parallel_config)
            executor_class = distributed_executor_backend
        elif engine_config.device_config.device_type == "neuron":
            from vllm.executor.neuron_executor import NeuronExecutor
            executor_class = NeuronExecutor
        elif engine_config.device_config.device_type == "tpu":
            if distributed_executor_backend == "ray":
                initialize_ray_cluster(engine_config.parallel_config)
                from vllm.executor.ray_tpu_executor import RayTPUExecutor
                executor_class = RayTPUExecutor
            else:
                assert distributed_executor_backend is None
                from vllm.executor.tpu_executor import TPUExecutor
                executor_class = TPUExecutor
        elif engine_config.device_config.device_type == "cpu":
            from vllm.executor.cpu_executor import CPUExecutor
            executor_class = CPUExecutor
        elif engine_config.device_config.device_type == "openvino":
            from vllm.executor.openvino_executor import OpenVINOExecutor
            executor_class = OpenVINOExecutor
        elif engine_config.device_config.device_type == "xpu":
            if distributed_executor_backend == "ray":
                initialize_ray_cluster(engine_config.parallel_config)
                from vllm.executor.ray_xpu_executor import RayXPUExecutor
                executor_class = RayXPUExecutor
            else:
                from vllm.executor.xpu_executor import XPUExecutor
                executor_class = XPUExecutor
        elif distributed_executor_backend == "ray":
            initialize_ray_cluster(engine_config.parallel_config)
            from vllm.executor.ray_gpu_executor import RayGPUExecutor
            executor_class = RayGPUExecutor
        elif distributed_executor_backend == "mp":
            from vllm.executor.multiproc_gpu_executor import (
                MultiprocessingGPUExecutor)
            assert not envs.VLLM_USE_RAY_SPMD_WORKER, (
                "multiprocessing distributed executor backend does not "
                "support VLLM_USE_RAY_SPMD_WORKER=1")
            executor_class = MultiprocessingGPUExecutor
        else:
            from vllm.executor.gpu_executor import GPUExecutor
            executor_class = GPUExecutor
        return executor_class

    @classmethod
    def from_engine_args(
        cls,
        engine_args: EngineArgs,
        usage_context: UsageContext = UsageContext.ENGINE_CONTEXT,
        stat_loggers: Optional[Dict[str, StatLoggerBase]] = None,
    ) -> "LLMEngine":
        """Creates an LLM engine from the engine arguments."""
        # Create the engine configs.
        engine_config = engine_args.create_engine_config()
        executor_class = cls._get_executor_cls(engine_config)
        # Create the LLM engine.
        engine = cls(
            **engine_config.to_dict(),
            executor_class=executor_class,
            log_stats=not engine_args.disable_log_stats,
            usage_context=usage_context,
            stat_loggers=stat_loggers,
        )

        return engine

    def __reduce__(self):
        # This is to ensure that the LLMEngine is not referenced in
        # the closure used to initialize Ray worker actors
        raise RuntimeError("LLMEngine should not be pickled!")

    def __del__(self):
        # Shutdown model executor when engine is garbage collected
        # Use getattr since __init__ can fail before the field is set
        if model_executor := getattr(self, "model_executor", None):
            model_executor.shutdown()

    MISSING_TOKENIZER_GROUP_MSG = ("Unable to get tokenizer because "
                                   "skip_tokenizer_init is True")

    def get_tokenizer_group(
        self,
        group_type: Type[_G] = BaseTokenizerGroup,
        *,
        missing_msg: str = MISSING_TOKENIZER_GROUP_MSG,
    ) -> _G:
        tokenizer_group = self.tokenizer

        if tokenizer_group is None:
            raise ValueError(missing_msg)
        if not isinstance(tokenizer_group, group_type):
            raise TypeError("Invalid type of tokenizer group. "
                            f"Expected type: {group_type}, but "
                            f"found type: {type(tokenizer_group)}")

        return tokenizer_group

    def get_tokenizer(
        self,
        lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest] = None,
    ) -> AnyTokenizer:
        return self.get_tokenizer_group().get_lora_tokenizer(lora_request)

    def _init_tokenizer(self) -> BaseTokenizerGroup:
        return init_tokenizer_from_configs(
            model_config=self.model_config,
            scheduler_config=self.scheduler_config,
            parallel_config=self.parallel_config,
            enable_lora=bool(self.lora_config))

    def _verify_args(self) -> None:
        self.model_config.verify_with_parallel_config(self.parallel_config)
        self.cache_config.verify_with_parallel_config(self.parallel_config)
        if self.lora_config:
            self.lora_config.verify_with_model_config(self.model_config)
            self.lora_config.verify_with_scheduler_config(
                self.scheduler_config)
        if self.prompt_adapter_config:
            self.prompt_adapter_config.verify_with_model_config(
                self.model_config)

    def _get_bos_token_id(self,
                          lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest] = None
                          ) -> Optional[int]:
        if self.tokenizer is None:
            logger.warning("Using None for BOS token id because tokenizer "
                           "is not initialized")
            return None

        return self.tokenizer.get_lora_tokenizer(lora_request).bos_token_id

    def _get_eos_token_id(self,
                          lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest] = None
                          ) -> Optional[int]:
        if self.tokenizer is None:
            logger.warning("Using None for EOS token id because tokenizer "
                           "is not initialized")
            return None

        return self.tokenizer.get_lora_tokenizer(lora_request).eos_token_id

    def _get_decoder_start_token_id(self) -> Optional[int]:
        '''
        Obtain the decoder start token id employed by an encoder/decoder
        model. Returns None for non-encoder/decoder models or if the
        model config is unavailable.
        '''

        if not self.is_encoder_decoder_model():
            logger.warning("Using None for decoder start token id because "
                           "this is not an encoder/decoder model.")
            return None

        if (self.model_config is None or self.model_config.hf_config is None):
            logger.warning("Using None for decoder start token id because "
                           "model config is not available.")
            return None

        dec_start_token_id = getattr(self.model_config.hf_config,
                                     'decoder_start_token_id', None)
        if dec_start_token_id is None:
            logger.warning("Falling back on <BOS> for decoder start token id "
                           "because decoder start token id is not available.")
            dec_start_token_id = self._get_bos_token_id()

        return dec_start_token_id

    def _add_processed_request(
        self,
        request_id: str,
        processed_inputs: Union[LLMInputs, EncoderDecoderLLMInputs],
        params: Union[SamplingParams, PoolingParams],
        arrival_time: float,
        lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest],
        prompt_adapter_request: Optional[PromptAdapterRequest],
        trace_headers: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        self._validate_model_inputs(processed_inputs)
        # Create the sequences.
        block_size = self.cache_config.block_size
        seq_id = next(self.seq_counter)
        eos_token_id = self._get_eos_token_id(lora_request)

        seq = Sequence(seq_id, processed_inputs, block_size, eos_token_id,
                       lora_request, prompt_adapter_request)

        encoder_seq = None
        if 'encoder_prompt_token_ids' in processed_inputs:
            encoder_seq = Sequence(seq_id,
                                   processed_inputs,
                                   block_size,
                                   eos_token_id,
                                   lora_request,
                                   prompt_adapter_request,
                                   from_decoder_prompt=False)

        # Create a SequenceGroup based on SamplingParams or PoolingParams
        if isinstance(params, SamplingParams):
            seq_group = self._create_sequence_group_with_sampling(
                request_id,
                seq,
                params,
                arrival_time=arrival_time,
                lora_request=lora_request,
                trace_headers=trace_headers,
                prompt_adapter_request=prompt_adapter_request,
                encoder_seq=encoder_seq)
        elif isinstance(params, PoolingParams):
            seq_group = self._create_sequence_group_with_pooling(
                request_id,
                seq,
                params,
                arrival_time=arrival_time,
                lora_request=lora_request,
                prompt_adapter_request=prompt_adapter_request,
                encoder_seq=encoder_seq)
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                "Either SamplingParams or PoolingParams must be provided.")

        # Add the sequence group to the scheduler with least unfinished seqs.
        costs = [
            scheduler.get_num_unfinished_seq_groups()
            for scheduler in self.scheduler
        ]
        min_cost_scheduler = self.scheduler[costs.index(min(costs))]
        min_cost_scheduler.add_seq_group(seq_group)

    def stop_remote_worker_execution_loop(self) -> None:
        self.model_executor.stop_remote_worker_execution_loop()

    _LLMInputComponentsType = Tuple[str, List[int]]

    def _prepare_decoder_input_ids_for_generation(
        self,
        decoder_input_ids: Optional[List[int]],
    ) -> List[int]:
        """
        Prepares `decoder_input_ids` for generation with encoder-decoder models.

        Based on

        https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/
        4037a2b5b1278736e566aec12e169100275545ea/
        src/transformers/generation/utils.py

        specifically GenerationMixin._prepare_decoder_input_ids_for_generation()

        Arguments:

        * decoder_input_ids: input token ids to preprocess

        Returns:

        * Processed token list
        """

        decoder_start_token_id = self._get_decoder_start_token_id()
        assert decoder_start_token_id is not None

        if decoder_input_ids is None:
            # no decoder prompt input ->
            # use decoder_start_token_id as decoder_input_ids
            decoder_input_ids = self._get_default_enc_dec_decoder_prompt()

        if (len(decoder_input_ids) == 0
                or decoder_input_ids[0] != decoder_start_token_id):
            decoder_input_ids = [decoder_start_token_id] + decoder_input_ids

        return decoder_input_ids

    def _tokenize_prompt(
        self,
        prompt: str,
        request_id: str,
        lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest],
    ) -> List[int]:
        '''
        Wrapper around application of the model's tokenizer.

        Arguments:

        * prompt
        * request_id
        * lora_request

        Returns:

        * prompt token ids
        '''

        tokenizer = self.get_tokenizer_group(
            missing_msg="prompts must be None if skip_tokenizer_init is True")

        return tokenizer.encode(request_id=request_id,
                                prompt=prompt,
                                lora_request=lora_request)

    def _extract_prompt_components(
        self,
        inputs: SingletonPromptInputs,
        request_id: str,
        lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest] = None,
    ) -> PromptComponents:
        '''
        Extract the components of any single encoder or decoder input prompt.

        Arguments:

        * request_id
        * inputs: single encoder or decoder input prompt
        * lora_request: this is only valid for decoder prompts

        Returns:

        * prompt
        * prompt_token_ids
        * multi_modal_data
        '''

        if isinstance(inputs, str):
            prompt = inputs
            prompt_token_ids = self._tokenize_prompt(
                prompt,
                request_id=request_id,
                lora_request=lora_request,
            )
            multi_modal_data = None
        elif isinstance(inputs, dict):
            if "prompt_token_ids" in inputs:
                prompt = None
                prompt_token_ids = inputs["prompt_token_ids"]
            else:
                # NOTE: This extra assignment is required to pass mypy
                prompt = parsed_prompt = inputs["prompt"]
                prompt_token_ids = self._tokenize_prompt(
                    parsed_prompt,
                    request_id=request_id,
                    lora_request=lora_request,
                )

            multi_modal_data = inputs.get("multi_modal_data")
        else:
            assert_never(inputs)

        return prompt, prompt_token_ids, multi_modal_data

    def _apply_prompt_adapter(
        self,
        prompt_token_ids: List[int],
        prompt_adapter_request: Optional[PromptAdapterRequest],
    ) -> List[int]:
        if prompt_adapter_request:
            prompt_token_ids = (
                [0] * prompt_adapter_request.prompt_adapter_num_virtual_tokens
                + prompt_token_ids)

        return prompt_token_ids

    def _get_default_enc_dec_decoder_prompt(self) -> List[int]:
        '''
        Specifically for encoder/decoder models:
        generate a default decoder prompt for when
        the user specifies only the encoder prompt.

        Encoder/decoder models utilize the decoder
        prompt in different ways; as new models are
        added, it is intended that this function
        will be extended to produce differing
        default decoder prompts, depending on the
        model variety.

        Absent a special case, the default behavior
        of this method is to mirror the behavior of
        the HuggingFace (HF) GenerationMixin for a None
        decoder prompt, which is to employ a logit processor
        setting to force the first decoded token to be <BOS>.
        Here, this behavior is approximated by having the
        "default" decoder prompt be <BOS>.

        However, it is possible that in the future
        other models may have different or more 
        complex logic for the default decoder prompt.
        This motivates having a special helper method
        for default decoder prompts.

        Returns:

        * prompt_token_ids
        '''

        bos_token_id = self._get_bos_token_id()
        assert bos_token_id is not None
        return [bos_token_id]

    def _build_enc_dec_llm_inputs(
        self,
        encoder_comps: PromptComponents,
        decoder_comps: DecoderPromptComponents,
    ) -> EncoderDecoderLLMInputs:
        encoder_prompt, encoder_prompt_ids, encoder_mm_data = encoder_comps
        decoder_prompt, decoder_prompt_ids, decoder_mm_data = decoder_comps

        if encoder_mm_data is not None or decoder_mm_data is not None:
            raise ValueError("Multi-modal encoder-decoder models are "
                             "not supported yet")

        decoder_prompt_ids = (
            self._prepare_decoder_input_ids_for_generation(decoder_prompt_ids))

        return EncoderDecoderLLMInputs(
            prompt_token_ids=decoder_prompt_ids,
            prompt=decoder_prompt,
            encoder_prompt_token_ids=encoder_prompt_ids,
            encoder_prompt=encoder_prompt,
        )

    def _process_encoder_decoder_prompt(
        self,
        inputs: PromptInputs,
        request_id: str,
    ) -> EncoderDecoderLLMInputs:
        '''
        For encoder/decoder models only:
        Process an input prompt into an
        :class:`EncoderDecoderLLMInputs` instance.

        There are two types of input prompts:
        singleton prompts which carry only the
        encoder prompt, and explicit encoder/decoder
        prompts which carry both the encoder and the
        decoder prompts as member variables.

        This function handles the following scenarios:
        * Singleton encoder prompt: extract encoder prompt
          token ids & infer default decoder prompt token ids
        * Explicit encoder/decoder prompt: extract encoder
          and decoder prompt token ids

        Note that for Explicit encoder/decoder prompts,
        each sub-prompt (encoder or decoder prompt) can
        have any possible singleton type; thus this
        method relies on helper functions to obtain
        token ids for the sub-prompts.
        
        Arguments:

        * inputs: an input prompt
        * request_id

        Returns:

        * :class:`EncoderDecoderLLMInputs` instance
        '''

        encoder_comps: PromptComponents
        decoder_comps: DecoderPromptComponents

        if is_explicit_encoder_decoder_prompt(inputs):
            encoder_comps = self._extract_prompt_components(
                inputs["encoder_prompt"],
                request_id=request_id,
            )

            if (decoder_input := inputs["decoder_prompt"]) is None:
                decoder_comps = None, None, None
            else:
                decoder_comps = self._extract_prompt_components(
                    decoder_input,
                    request_id=request_id,
                )
        else:
            encoder_comps = self._extract_prompt_components(
                inputs,
                request_id=request_id,
            )

            decoder_comps = None, None, None

        return self._build_enc_dec_llm_inputs(encoder_comps, decoder_comps)

    def _build_decoder_only_llm_inputs(
        self,
        prompt_comps: PromptComponents,
        prompt_adapter_request: Optional[PromptAdapterRequest],
    ) -> LLMInputs:
        prompt, prompt_token_ids, multi_modal_data = prompt_comps

        prompt_token_ids = self._apply_prompt_adapter(
            prompt_token_ids, prompt_adapter_request=prompt_adapter_request)

        return LLMInputs(prompt_token_ids=prompt_token_ids,
                         prompt=prompt,
                         multi_modal_data=multi_modal_data)

    def _process_decoder_only_prompt(
        self,
        inputs: SingletonPromptInputs,
        request_id: str,
        lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest] = None,
        prompt_adapter_request: Optional[PromptAdapterRequest] = None,
    ) -> LLMInputs:
        '''
        For decoder-only models:
        Process an input prompt into an :class:`LLMInputs` instance.

        Arguments:

        * inputs: input prompt
        * request_id
        * lora_request
        * prompt_adapter_request

        Returns:

        * :class:`LLMInputs` instance
        '''

        prompt_comps = self._extract_prompt_components(
            inputs,
            request_id=request_id,
            lora_request=lora_request,
        )

        return self._build_decoder_only_llm_inputs(
            prompt_comps,
            prompt_adapter_request=prompt_adapter_request,
        )

    def process_model_inputs(
        self,
        inputs: PromptInputs,
        request_id: str,
        lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest] = None,
        prompt_adapter_request: Optional[PromptAdapterRequest] = None,
    ) -> Union[LLMInputs, EncoderDecoderLLMInputs]:

        if self.is_encoder_decoder_model():
            # Encoder-decoder model requires special mapping of
            # input prompts to encoder & decoder
            model_inputs = self._process_encoder_decoder_prompt(
                inputs,
                request_id=request_id,
            )
        else:
            if is_explicit_encoder_decoder_prompt(inputs):
                raise ValueError("Cannot pass encoder-decoder prompt "
                                 "to decoder-only models")

            # Decoder-only operation
            model_inputs = self._process_decoder_only_prompt(
                inputs,
                request_id=request_id,
                lora_request=lora_request,
                prompt_adapter_request=prompt_adapter_request,
            )

        return self.input_processor(model_inputs)

    def add_request(
        self,
        request_id: str,
        inputs: PromptInputs,
        params: Union[SamplingParams, PoolingParams],
        arrival_time: Optional[float] = None,
        lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest] = None,
        trace_headers: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
        prompt_adapter_request: Optional[PromptAdapterRequest] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """Add a request to the engine's request pool.

        The request is added to the request pool and will be processed by the
        scheduler as `engine.step()` is called. The exact scheduling policy is
        determined by the scheduler.

        Args:
            request_id: The unique ID of the request.
            inputs: The inputs to the LLM. See
                :class:`~vllm.inputs.PromptInputs`
                for more details about the format of each input.
            params: Parameters for sampling or pooling.
                :class:`~vllm.SamplingParams` for text generation.
                :class:`~vllm.PoolingParams` for pooling.
            arrival_time: The arrival time of the request. If None, we use
                the current monotonic time.
            trace_headers: OpenTelemetry trace headers.

        Details:
            - Set arrival_time to the current time if it is None.
            - Set prompt_token_ids to the encoded prompt if it is None.
            - Create `best_of` number of :class:`~vllm.Sequence` objects.
            - Create a :class:`~vllm.SequenceGroup` object
              from the list of :class:`~vllm.Sequence`.
            - Add the :class:`~vllm.SequenceGroup` object to the scheduler.

        Example:
            >>> # initialize engine
            >>> engine = LLMEngine.from_engine_args(engine_args)
            >>> # set request arguments
            >>> example_prompt = "Who is the president of the United States?"
            >>> sampling_params = SamplingParams(temperature=0.0)
            >>> request_id = 0
            >>>
            >>> # add the request to the engine
            >>> engine.add_request(
            >>>    str(request_id),
            >>>    example_prompt,
            >>>    SamplingParams(temperature=0.0))
            >>> # continue the request processing
            >>> ...
        """
        if lora_request is not None and not self.lora_config:
            raise ValueError(f"Got lora_request {lora_request} but LoRA is "
                             "not enabled!")
        if arrival_time is None:
            arrival_time = time.time()

        processed_inputs = self.process_model_inputs(
            inputs,
            request_id=request_id,
            lora_request=lora_request,
            prompt_adapter_request=prompt_adapter_request,
        )

        self._add_processed_request(
            request_id=request_id,
            processed_inputs=processed_inputs,
            params=params,
            arrival_time=arrival_time,
            lora_request=lora_request,
            prompt_adapter_request=prompt_adapter_request,
            trace_headers=trace_headers,
        )

    def _create_sequence_group_with_sampling(
        self,
        request_id: str,
        seq: Sequence,
        sampling_params: SamplingParams,
        arrival_time: float,
        lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest],
        trace_headers: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None,
        prompt_adapter_request: Optional[PromptAdapterRequest] = None,
        encoder_seq: Optional[Sequence] = None,
    ) -> SequenceGroup:
        """Creates a SequenceGroup with SamplingParams."""
        max_logprobs = self.get_model_config().max_logprobs
        if (sampling_params.logprobs
                and sampling_params.logprobs > max_logprobs) or (
                    sampling_params.prompt_logprobs
                    and sampling_params.prompt_logprobs > max_logprobs):
            raise ValueError(f"Cannot request more than "
                             f"{max_logprobs} logprobs.")

        # Defensive copy of SamplingParams, which are used by the sampler,
        # this doesn't deep-copy LogitsProcessor objects
        sampling_params = sampling_params.clone()

        sampling_params.update_from_generation_config(
            self.generation_config_fields, seq.eos_token_id)

        # Create the sequence group.
        seq_group = SequenceGroup(
            request_id=request_id,
            seqs=[seq],
            arrival_time=arrival_time,
            sampling_params=sampling_params,
            lora_request=lora_request,
            trace_headers=trace_headers,
            prompt_adapter_request=prompt_adapter_request,
            encoder_seq=encoder_seq)

        return seq_group

    def _create_sequence_group_with_pooling(
        self,
        request_id: str,
        seq: Sequence,
        pooling_params: PoolingParams,
        arrival_time: float,
        lora_request: Optional[LoRARequest],
        prompt_adapter_request: Optional[PromptAdapterRequest],
        encoder_seq: Optional[Sequence] = None,
    ) -> SequenceGroup:
        """Creates a SequenceGroup with PoolingParams."""
        # Defensive copy of PoolingParams, which are used by the pooler
        pooling_params = pooling_params.clone()
        # Create the sequence group.
        seq_group = SequenceGroup(
            request_id=request_id,
            seqs=[seq],
            arrival_time=arrival_time,
            lora_request=lora_request,
            pooling_params=pooling_params,
            prompt_adapter_request=prompt_adapter_request,
            encoder_seq=encoder_seq)
        return seq_group

    def abort_request(self, request_id: Union[str, Iterable[str]]) -> None:
        """Aborts a request(s) with the given ID.

        Args:
            request_id: The ID(s) of the request to abort.

        Details:
            - Refer to the
              :meth:`~vllm.core.scheduler.Scheduler.abort_seq_group`
              from class :class:`~vllm.core.scheduler.Scheduler`.

        Example:
            >>> # initialize engine and add a request with request_id
            >>> request_id = str(0)
            >>> # abort the request
            >>> engine.abort_request(request_id)
        """
        for scheduler in self.scheduler:
            scheduler.abort_seq_group(request_id)

    def get_model_config(self) -> ModelConfig:
        """Gets the model configuration."""
        return self.model_config

    def get_parallel_config(self) -> ParallelConfig:
        """Gets the parallel configuration."""
        return self.parallel_config

    def get_decoding_config(self) -> DecodingConfig:
        """Gets the decoding configuration."""
        return self.decoding_config

    def get_scheduler_config(self) -> SchedulerConfig:
        """Gets the scheduler configuration."""
        return self.scheduler_config

    def get_lora_config(self) -> LoRAConfig:
        """Gets the LoRA configuration."""
        return self.lora_config

    def get_num_unfinished_requests(self) -> int:
        """Gets the number of unfinished requests."""
        return sum(scheduler.get_num_unfinished_seq_groups()
                   for scheduler in self.scheduler)

    def has_unfinished_requests(self) -> bool:
        """Returns True if there are unfinished requests."""
        return any(scheduler.has_unfinished_seqs()
                   for scheduler in self.scheduler)

    def has_unfinished_requests_for_virtual_engine(
            self, virtual_engine: int) -> bool:
        """
        Returns True if there are unfinished requests for the virtual engine.
        """
        return self.scheduler[virtual_engine].has_unfinished_seqs()

    def _process_sequence_group_outputs(
        self,
        seq_group: SequenceGroup,
        outputs: List[EmbeddingSequenceGroupOutput],
    ) -> None:
        seq_group.embeddings = outputs[0].embeddings

        for seq in seq_group.get_seqs():
            seq.status = SequenceStatus.FINISHED_STOPPED

        return

    def _process_model_outputs(
        self,
        output: GenericSequence[Union[SamplerOutput, PoolerOutput]],
        scheduled_seq_groups: List[ScheduledSequenceGroup],
        ignored_seq_groups: List[SequenceGroup],
        seq_group_metadata_list: List[SequenceGroupMetadata],
    ) -> List[Union[RequestOutput, EmbeddingRequestOutput]]:
        """Apply the model output to the sequences in the scheduled seq groups.

        Returns RequestOutputs that can be returned to the client.
        """

        now = time.time()

        # Organize outputs by [sequence group][step] instead of
        # [step][sequence group].
        output_by_sequence_group = create_output_by_sequence_group(
            output, num_seq_groups=len(scheduled_seq_groups))

        # Update the scheduled sequence groups with the model outputs.
        for scheduled_seq_group, outputs, seq_group_meta in zip(
                scheduled_seq_groups, output_by_sequence_group,
                seq_group_metadata_list):
            seq_group = scheduled_seq_group.seq_group
            seq_group.update_num_computed_tokens(
                scheduled_seq_group.token_chunk_size)
            if output is not None and len(output) > 0:
                for o in output:
                    if (isinstance(o, SamplerOutput)
                            and seq_group.metrics is not None):
                        if seq_group.metrics.model_forward_time is not None:
                            seq_group.metrics.model_forward_time += (
                                o.model_forward_time)
                        else:
                            seq_group.metrics.model_forward_time = (
                                o.model_forward_time)
                        if seq_group.metrics.model_execute_time is not None:
                            seq_group.metrics.model_execute_time += (
                                o.model_execute_time)
                        else:
                            seq_group.metrics.model_execute_time = (
                                o.model_execute_time)
            if self.model_config.embedding_mode:
                self._process_sequence_group_outputs(seq_group, outputs)
                continue

            self.output_processor.process_prompt_logprob(seq_group, outputs)
            if seq_group_meta.do_sample:
                self.output_processor.process_outputs(seq_group, outputs)

        # Free the finished sequence groups.
        for scheduler in self.scheduler:
            scheduler.free_finished_seq_groups()

        # Create the outputs.
        request_outputs: List[Union[RequestOutput,
                                    EmbeddingRequestOutput]] = []
        for scheduled_seq_group in scheduled_seq_groups:
            seq_group = scheduled_seq_group.seq_group
            seq_group.maybe_set_first_token_time(now)
            request_output = RequestOutputFactory.create(seq_group)
            request_outputs.append(request_output)
        for seq_group in ignored_seq_groups:
            request_output = RequestOutputFactory.create(seq_group)
            request_outputs.append(request_output)
        return request_outputs

    def step(self) -> List[Union[RequestOutput, EmbeddingRequestOutput]]:
        """Performs one decoding iteration and returns newly generated results.

        .. figure:: https://i.imgur.com/sv2HssD.png
            :alt: Overview of the step function
            :align: center

            Overview of the step function.

        Details:
            - Step 1: Schedules the sequences to be executed in the next
              iteration and the token blocks to be swapped in/out/copy.

                - Depending on the scheduling policy,
                  sequences may be `preempted/reordered`.
                - A Sequence Group (SG) refer to a group of sequences
                  that are generated from the same prompt.

            - Step 2: Calls the distributed executor to execute the model.
            - Step 3: Processes the model output. This mainly includes:

                - Decodes the relevant outputs.
                - Updates the scheduled sequence groups with model outputs
                  based on its `sampling parameters` (`use_beam_search` or not).
                - Frees the finished sequence groups.

            - Finally, it creates and returns the newly generated results.

        Example:
            >>> # Please see the example/ folder for more detailed examples.
            >>>
            >>> # initialize engine and request arguments
            >>> engine = LLMEngine.from_engine_args(engine_args)
            >>> example_inputs = [(0, "What is LLM?",
            >>>    SamplingParams(temperature=0.0))]
            >>>
            >>> # Start the engine with an event loop
            >>> while True:
            >>>     if example_inputs:
            >>>         req_id, prompt, sampling_params = example_inputs.pop(0)
            >>>         engine.add_request(str(req_id),prompt,sampling_params)
            >>>
            >>>     # continue the request processing
            >>>     request_outputs = engine.step()
            >>>     for request_output in request_outputs:
            >>>         if request_output.finished:
            >>>             # return or show the request output
            >>>
            >>>     if not (engine.has_unfinished_requests() or example_inputs):
            >>>         break
        """
        if self.parallel_config.pipeline_parallel_size > 1:
            raise NotImplementedError(
                "Pipeline parallelism is only supported through AsyncLLMEngine "
                "as performance will be severely degraded otherwise.")

        # These are cached outputs from previous iterations. None if on first
        # iteration
        cached_outputs = self.cached_scheduler_outputs[0]
        seq_group_metadata_list = cached_outputs.seq_group_metadata_list
        scheduler_outputs = cached_outputs.scheduler_outputs

        # Skip the scheduler if there are any remaining steps in the seq groups.
        # This ensures that the scheduler is only called again when the current
        # batch has completed.
        if not self._has_remaining_steps(seq_group_metadata_list):
            seq_group_metadata_list, scheduler_outputs = self.scheduler[
                0].schedule()

            if (self.scheduler_config.is_multi_step
                    and scheduler_outputs.num_lookahead_slots > 0):
                # cache the scheduler outputs for the next iteration if we have
                # lookahead slots
                self._cache_scheduler_outputs_for_multi_step(
                    0, seq_group_metadata_list, scheduler_outputs)

        assert seq_group_metadata_list is not None
        assert scheduler_outputs is not None

        if not scheduler_outputs.is_empty():
            finished_requests_ids = self.scheduler[
                0].get_and_reset_finished_requests_ids()

            # Check if we have a cached last_output from the previous iteration.
            # For supporting PP this is probably the best way to pass the
            # sampled_token_ids, as a separate broadcast over all the PP stages
            # will cause one virtual engine's microbatch to block the pipeline.
            last_sampled_token_ids = \
                self._get_last_sampled_token_ids(0)

            execute_model_req = ExecuteModelRequest(
                seq_group_metadata_list=seq_group_metadata_list,
                blocks_to_swap_in=scheduler_outputs.blocks_to_swap_in,
                blocks_to_swap_out=scheduler_outputs.blocks_to_swap_out,
                blocks_to_copy=scheduler_outputs.blocks_to_copy,
                num_lookahead_slots=scheduler_outputs.num_lookahead_slots,
                running_queue_size=scheduler_outputs.running_queue_size,
                finished_requests_ids=finished_requests_ids,
                # We use ExecuteModelRequest to pass the last sampled_token_ids
                # to each of the non-last PP stages for in-place prepare_input.
                last_sampled_token_ids=last_sampled_token_ids)

            output = self.model_executor.execute_model(
                execute_model_req=execute_model_req)

            # we need to do this here so that last step's sampled_token_ids can
            # be passed to the next iteration for PP.
            if self.scheduler_config.is_multi_step:
                self._update_cached_scheduler_output(0, output)
        else:
            output = []

        # Finish the current step for all the sequence groups.
        if self.scheduler_config.is_multi_step:
            for seq_group in seq_group_metadata_list:
                seq_group.finish_step()

        if not self._has_remaining_steps(seq_group_metadata_list):
            # clear the cache if we have finished all the steps
            if self.scheduler_config.is_multi_step:
                self.cached_scheduler_outputs[0] = SchedulerOutputState()
            request_outputs = self._process_model_outputs(
                output, scheduler_outputs.scheduled_seq_groups,
                scheduler_outputs.ignored_seq_groups, seq_group_metadata_list)

        else:
            request_outputs = []

        # Log stats.
        self.do_log_stats(scheduler_outputs, output)

        # Tracing
        self.do_tracing(scheduler_outputs)

        if not self.has_unfinished_requests():
            # Stop the execute model loop in parallel workers until there are
            # more requests to process. This avoids waiting indefinitely in
            # torch.distributed ops which may otherwise timeout, and unblocks
            # the RPC thread in the workers so that they can process any other
            # queued control plane messages, such as add/remove lora adapters.
            self.model_executor.stop_remote_worker_execution_loop()

        return request_outputs

    def _has_remaining_steps(
        self, seq_group_metadata_list: Optional[List[SequenceGroupMetadata]]
    ) -> bool:
        if (not self.scheduler_config.is_multi_step
                or not seq_group_metadata_list):
            return False

        # TODO(will) this is a sanity check for nowto make sure that all the
        # seqs are on the same steps. Eventually we will want to do some sort of
        # dynamic scheduling when doing multi-step decoding.
        ref_remaining_steps = seq_group_metadata_list[0].state.remaining_steps
        if any([
                seq_group.state.remaining_steps != ref_remaining_steps
                for seq_group in seq_group_metadata_list[1:]
        ]):
            raise AssertionError(("All running sequence groups should "
                                  "have the same remaining steps."))

        return ref_remaining_steps > 0

    def _cache_scheduler_outputs_for_multi_step(
            self, virtual_engine: int,
            seq_group_metadata_list: Optional[List[SequenceGroupMetadata]],
            scheduler_outputs: SchedulerOutputs) -> None:
        self.cached_scheduler_outputs[
            virtual_engine].seq_group_metadata_list = seq_group_metadata_list
        self.cached_scheduler_outputs[virtual_engine].scheduler_outputs = \
            scheduler_outputs
        self.cached_scheduler_outputs[virtual_engine].last_output = None

    def _update_cached_scheduler_output(
            self, virtual_engine: int,
            output: List[Optional[SamplerOutput]]) -> None:
        if (self.parallel_config.pipeline_parallel_size > 1 and len(output) > 0
                and output[0] is not None):
            last_output = output[-1]
            assert last_output is not None
            assert last_output.sampled_token_ids_cpu is not None
            assert last_output.sampled_token_ids is None
            assert last_output.sampled_token_probs is None
            self.cached_scheduler_outputs[
                virtual_engine].last_output = last_output

    def _get_last_sampled_token_ids(
            self, virtual_engine: int) -> Optional[torch.Tensor]:
        cached_last_output = self.cached_scheduler_outputs[
            virtual_engine].last_output
        if (self.scheduler_config.is_multi_step
                and self.parallel_config.pipeline_parallel_size > 1
                and cached_last_output is not None
                and cached_last_output.sampled_token_ids_cpu is not None):
            return cached_last_output.sampled_token_ids_cpu
        return None

    def add_logger(self, logger_name: str, logger: StatLoggerBase) -> None:
        if logger_name in self.stat_loggers:
            raise KeyError(f"Logger with name {logger_name} already exists.")
        self.stat_loggers[logger_name] = logger

    def remove_logger(self, logger_name: str) -> None:
        if logger_name not in self.stat_loggers:
            raise KeyError(f"Logger with name {logger_name} does not exist.")
        del self.stat_loggers[logger_name]

    def do_log_stats(
            self,
            scheduler_outputs: Optional[SchedulerOutputs] = None,
            model_output: Optional[List[SamplerOutput]] = None) -> None:
        """Forced log when no requests active."""
        if self.log_stats:
            stats = self._get_stats(scheduler_outputs, model_output)
            for logger in self.stat_loggers.values():
                logger.log(stats)

    def _get_stats(
            self,
            scheduler_outputs: Optional[SchedulerOutputs],
            model_output: Optional[List[SamplerOutput]] = None) -> Stats:
        """Get Stats to be Logged to Prometheus.

        Args:
            scheduler_outputs: Optional, used to populate metrics related to
                the scheduled batch,
            model_output: Optional, used to emit speculative decoding metrics
                which are created by the workers.
        """
        now = time.time()

        # System State
        #   Scheduler State
        num_running_sys = sum(
            len(scheduler.running) for scheduler in self.scheduler)
        num_swapped_sys = sum(
            len(scheduler.swapped) for scheduler in self.scheduler)
        num_waiting_sys = sum(
            len(scheduler.waiting) for scheduler in self.scheduler)

        # KV Cache Usage in %
        num_total_gpu = self.cache_config.num_gpu_blocks
        gpu_cache_usage_sys = 0.
        if num_total_gpu is not None:
            num_free_gpu = sum(
                scheduler.block_manager.get_num_free_gpu_blocks()
                for scheduler in self.scheduler)
            gpu_cache_usage_sys = 1.0 - (num_free_gpu / num_total_gpu)

        num_total_cpu = self.cache_config.num_cpu_blocks
        cpu_cache_usage_sys = 0.
        if num_total_cpu is not None and num_total_cpu > 0:
            num_free_cpu = sum(
                scheduler.block_manager.get_num_free_cpu_blocks()
                for scheduler in self.scheduler)
            cpu_cache_usage_sys = 1.0 - (num_free_cpu / num_total_cpu)

        # Prefix Cache Hit Rate. Note that we always use
        # the cache hit rate of the first virtual engine.
        cpu_prefix_cache_hit_rate = self.scheduler[
            0].get_prefix_cache_hit_rate(Device.CPU)
        gpu_prefix_cache_hit_rate = self.scheduler[
            0].get_prefix_cache_hit_rate(Device.GPU)

        # Iteration stats
        num_prompt_tokens_iter = 0
        num_generation_tokens_iter = 0
        time_to_first_tokens_iter: List[float] = []
        time_per_output_tokens_iter: List[float] = []
        num_preemption_iter = (0 if scheduler_outputs is None else
                               scheduler_outputs.preempted)

        # Request stats
        #   Latency
        time_e2e_requests: List[float] = []
        #   Metadata
        num_prompt_tokens_requests: List[int] = []
        num_generation_tokens_requests: List[int] = []
        best_of_requests: List[int] = []
        n_requests: List[int] = []
        finished_reason_requests: List[str] = []

        # NOTE: This loop assumes prefill seq_groups are before
        # decode seq_groups in scheduled_seq_groups.
        if scheduler_outputs is not None:
            num_generation_tokens_from_prefill_groups = 0.
            # NOTE: if scheduler_outputs.num_prefill_groups > 0 and
            # the len of scheduler_outputs.scheduled_seq_groups is !=
            # scheduler_outputs.num_prefill_groups, this means that
            # chunked prefills have been detected.

            for idx, scheduled_seq_group in enumerate(
                    scheduler_outputs.scheduled_seq_groups):
                group_was_prefill = idx < scheduler_outputs.num_prefill_groups
                seq_group = scheduled_seq_group.seq_group

                # NOTE: a seq_group that completed all of its prefill tokens
                # in the last iteration will have seq_group.is_prefill() = False
                # with group_was_prefill = True
                if group_was_prefill:
                    # Number of prompt tokens.
                    num_prompt_tokens_iter += (
                        scheduled_seq_group.token_chunk_size)

                    # If the seq_group just finished the prefill state
                    # get TTFT.
                    if not seq_group.is_prefill():
                        latency = seq_group.get_last_latency(now)
                        time_to_first_tokens_iter.append(latency)

                        # One generation token per finished prefill.
                        num_generation_tokens_from_prefill_groups += (
                            seq_group.num_seqs())
                else:
                    # TPOTs.
                    latency = seq_group.get_last_latency(now)
                    time_per_output_tokens_iter.append(latency)

                # Because of chunked prefill, we can have a single sequence
                # group that does multiple prompt_runs. To prevent logging
                # the same metadata more than once per request, we standardize
                # on logging request level information for finished requests,
                # which can only happen once.
                if seq_group.is_finished():
                    # Latency timings
                    time_e2e_requests.append(now -
                                             seq_group.metrics.arrival_time)

                    # Metadata
                    num_prompt_tokens_requests.append(
                        len(seq_group.prompt_token_ids))
                    num_generation_tokens_requests.extend([
                        seq.get_output_len()
                        for seq in seq_group.get_finished_seqs()
                    ])
                    if seq_group.sampling_params is not None:
                        best_of_requests.append(
                            seq_group.sampling_params.best_of)
                        n_requests.append(seq_group.sampling_params.n)
                    finished_reason_requests.extend([
                        SequenceStatus.get_finished_reason(seq.status)
                        for seq in seq_group.get_finished_seqs()
                    ])

            # Number of generation tokens.
            #   num_batched_tokens equals the number of prompt_tokens plus the
            #   number of decode_tokens in a single iteration. So,
            #   num_generation_tokens = num_batched_tokens - num_prompt_tokens
            #   + num_generation_tokens_from_prefill_groups (since we generate
            #   one token on prefills on iters where the prefill finishes).
            num_generation_tokens_iter = (
                scheduler_outputs.num_batched_tokens - num_prompt_tokens_iter +
                num_generation_tokens_from_prefill_groups)

        # Spec decode, if enabled, emits specialized metrics from the worker in
        # sampler output.
        if model_output and (model_output[0].spec_decode_worker_metrics
                             is not None):
            spec_decode_metrics = model_output[0].spec_decode_worker_metrics
        else:
            spec_decode_metrics = None

        return Stats(
            now=now,
            # System stats
            #   Scheduler State
            num_running_sys=num_running_sys,
            num_swapped_sys=num_swapped_sys,
            num_waiting_sys=num_waiting_sys,
            #   KV Cache Usage in %
            gpu_cache_usage_sys=gpu_cache_usage_sys,
            cpu_cache_usage_sys=cpu_cache_usage_sys,
            #   Prefix Cache Hit Rate
            cpu_prefix_cache_hit_rate=cpu_prefix_cache_hit_rate,
            gpu_prefix_cache_hit_rate=gpu_prefix_cache_hit_rate,

            # Iteration stats
            num_prompt_tokens_iter=num_prompt_tokens_iter,
            num_generation_tokens_iter=num_generation_tokens_iter,
            time_to_first_tokens_iter=time_to_first_tokens_iter,
            time_per_output_tokens_iter=time_per_output_tokens_iter,
            spec_decode_metrics=spec_decode_metrics,
            num_preemption_iter=num_preemption_iter,

            # Request stats
            #   Latency
            time_e2e_requests=time_e2e_requests,
            #   Metadata
            num_prompt_tokens_requests=num_prompt_tokens_requests,
            num_generation_tokens_requests=num_generation_tokens_requests,
            best_of_requests=best_of_requests,
            n_requests=n_requests,
            finished_reason_requests=finished_reason_requests,
        )

    def add_lora(self, lora_request: LoRARequest) -> bool:
        return self.model_executor.add_lora(lora_request)

    def remove_lora(self, lora_id: int) -> bool:
        return self.model_executor.remove_lora(lora_id)

    def list_loras(self) -> Set[int]:
        return self.model_executor.list_loras()

    def pin_lora(self, lora_id: int) -> bool:
        return self.model_executor.pin_lora(lora_id)

    def add_prompt_adapter(
            self, prompt_adapter_request: PromptAdapterRequest) -> bool:
        return self.model_executor.add_prompt_adapter(prompt_adapter_request)

    def remove_prompt_adapter(self, prompt_adapter_id: int) -> bool:
        return self.model_executor.remove_prompt_adapter(prompt_adapter_id)

    def list_prompt_adapters(self) -> List[int]:
        return self.model_executor.list_prompt_adapters()

    def check_health(self) -> None:
        if self.tokenizer:
            self.tokenizer.check_health()
        self.model_executor.check_health()

    def is_tracing_enabled(self) -> bool:
        return self.tracer is not None

    def do_tracing(self, scheduler_outputs: SchedulerOutputs) -> None:
        if self.tracer is None:
            return

        for scheduled_seq_group in scheduler_outputs.scheduled_seq_groups:
            seq_group = scheduled_seq_group.seq_group
            if seq_group.is_finished():
                self.create_trace_span(seq_group)

    def create_trace_span(self, seq_group: SequenceGroup) -> None:
        if self.tracer is None or seq_group.sampling_params is None:
            return
        arrival_time_nano_seconds = int(seq_group.metrics.arrival_time * 1e9)

        trace_context = extract_trace_context(seq_group.trace_headers)

        with self.tracer.start_as_current_span(
                "llm_request",
                kind=SpanKind.SERVER,
                context=trace_context,
                start_time=arrival_time_nano_seconds) as seq_span:
            metrics = seq_group.metrics
            ttft = metrics.first_token_time - metrics.arrival_time
            e2e_time = metrics.finished_time - metrics.arrival_time
            # attribute names are based on
            # https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/main/docs/gen-ai/llm-spans.md
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_RESPONSE_MODEL,
                                   self.model_config.model)
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_REQUEST_ID,
                                   seq_group.request_id)
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_REQUEST_TEMPERATURE,
                                   seq_group.sampling_params.temperature)
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_REQUEST_TOP_P,
                                   seq_group.sampling_params.top_p)
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_REQUEST_MAX_TOKENS,
                                   seq_group.sampling_params.max_tokens)
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_REQUEST_BEST_OF,
                                   seq_group.sampling_params.best_of)
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_REQUEST_N,
                                   seq_group.sampling_params.n)
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_USAGE_NUM_SEQUENCES,
                                   seq_group.num_seqs())
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_USAGE_PROMPT_TOKENS,
                                   len(seq_group.prompt_token_ids))
            seq_span.set_attribute(
                SpanAttributes.LLM_USAGE_COMPLETION_TOKENS,
                sum([
                    seq.get_output_len()
                    for seq in seq_group.get_finished_seqs()
                ]))
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_LATENCY_TIME_IN_QUEUE,
                                   metrics.time_in_queue)
            seq_span.set_attribute(
                SpanAttributes.LLM_LATENCY_TIME_TO_FIRST_TOKEN, ttft)
            seq_span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.LLM_LATENCY_E2E, e2e_time)
            if metrics.scheduler_time is not None:
                seq_span.set_attribute(
                    SpanAttributes.LLM_LATENCY_TIME_IN_SCHEDULER,
                    metrics.scheduler_time)
            if metrics.model_forward_time is not None:
                seq_span.set_attribute(
                    SpanAttributes.LLM_LATENCY_TIME_IN_MODEL_FORWARD,
                    metrics.model_forward_time / 1000.0)
            if metrics.model_execute_time is not None:
                seq_span.set_attribute(
                    SpanAttributes.LLM_LATENCY_TIME_IN_MODEL_EXECUTE,
                    metrics.model_execute_time)

    def is_encoder_decoder_model(self):
        return self.model_config.is_encoder_decoder_model

    def is_embedding_model(self):
        return self.model_config.is_embedding_model

    def _validate_model_inputs(self, inputs: Union[LLMInputs,
                                                   EncoderDecoderLLMInputs]):
        prompt_key = "encoder_prompt_token_ids" \
            if self.is_encoder_decoder_model() else "prompt_token_ids"
        if not inputs.get(prompt_key):
            raise ValueError("Prompt cannot be empty")
