"""
==================================================
Transforms v2: End-to-end object detection example
==================================================

Object detection is not supported out of the box by ``torchvision.transforms`` v1, since it only supports images.
``torchvision.transforms.v2`` enables jointly transforming images, videos, bounding boxes, and masks. This example
showcases an end-to-end object detection training using the stable ``torchvisio.datasets`` and ``torchvision.models`` as
well as the new ``torchvision.transforms.v2`` v2 API.
"""

import pathlib
from collections import defaultdict

import PIL.Image

import torch
import torch.utils.data

import torchvision


def show(sample):
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    from torchvision.transforms.v2 import functional as F
    from torchvision.utils import draw_bounding_boxes

    image, target = sample
    if isinstance(image, PIL.Image.Image):
        image = F.to_image_tensor(image)
    image = F.to_dtype(image, torch.uint8, scale=True)
    annotated_image = draw_bounding_boxes(image, target["boxes"], colors="yellow", width=3)

    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    ax.imshow(annotated_image.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy())
    ax.set(xticklabels=[], yticklabels=[], xticks=[], yticks=[])
    fig.tight_layout()

    fig.show()


# We are using BETA APIs, so we deactivate the associated warning, thereby acknowledging that
# some APIs may slightly change in the future
torchvision.disable_beta_transforms_warning()

from torchvision import models, datasets
import torchvision.transforms.v2 as transforms


########################################################################################################################
# We start off by loading the :class:`~torchvision.datasets.CocoDetection` dataset to have a look at what it currently
# returns, and we'll see how to convert it to a format that is compatible with our new transforms.


def load_example_coco_detection_dataset(**kwargs):
    # This loads fake data for illustration purposes of this example. In practice, you'll have
    # to replace this with the proper data
    root = pathlib.Path("assets") / "coco"
    return datasets.CocoDetection(str(root / "images"), str(root / "instances.json"), **kwargs)


dataset = load_example_coco_detection_dataset()

sample = dataset[0]
image, target = sample
print(type(image))
print(type(target), type(target[0]), list(target[0].keys()))


########################################################################################################################
# The dataset returns a two-tuple with the first item being a :class:`PIL.Image.Image` and second one a list of
# dictionaries, which each containing the annotations for a single object instance. As is, this format is not compatible
# with the ``torchvision.transforms.v2``, nor with the models. To overcome that, we provide the
# :func:`~torchvision.datasets.wrap_dataset_for_transforms_v2` function. For
# :class:`~torchvision.datasets.CocoDetection`, this changes the target structure to a single dictionary of lists. It
# also adds the key-value-pairs ``"boxes"``, ``"masks"``, and ``"labels"`` wrapped in the corresponding
# ``torchvision.datapoints``. By default, it only returns ``"boxes"`` and ``"labels"`` to avoid transforming unnecessary
# items down the line, but you can pass the ``target_type`` parameter for fine-grained control.

dataset = datasets.wrap_dataset_for_transforms_v2(dataset)

sample = dataset[0]
image, target = sample
print(type(image))
print(type(target), list(target.keys()))
print(type(target["boxes"]), type(target["labels"]))

########################################################################################################################
# As baseline, let's have a look at a sample without transformations:

show(sample)


########################################################################################################################
# With the dataset properly set up, we can now define the augmentation pipeline. This is done the same way it is done in
# ``torchvision.transforms`` v1, but now handles bounding boxes and masks without any extra configuration.

transform = transforms.Compose(
    [
        transforms.RandomPhotometricDistort(),
        transforms.RandomZoomOut(
            fill=defaultdict(lambda: 0, {PIL.Image.Image: (123, 117, 104)})
        ),
        transforms.RandomIoUCrop(),
        transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
        transforms.ToImageTensor(),
        transforms.ConvertImageDtype(torch.float32),
        transforms.SanitizeBoundingBoxes(),
    ]
)

########################################################################################################################
# .. note::
#    Although the :class:`~torchvision.transforms.v2.SanitizeBoundingBoxes` transform is a no-op in this example, but it
#    should be placed at least once at the end of a detection pipeline to remove degenerate bounding boxes as well as
#    the corresponding labels and optionally masks. It is particularly critical to add it if
#    :class:`~torchvision.transforms.v2.RandomIoUCrop` was used.
#
# Let's look how the sample looks like with our augmentation pipeline in place:

dataset = load_example_coco_detection_dataset(transforms=transform)
dataset = datasets.wrap_dataset_for_transforms_v2(dataset)

torch.manual_seed(3141)
sample = dataset[0]

# sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = 2
show(sample)


########################################################################################################################
# We can see that the color of the image was distorted, we zoomed out on it (off center) and flipped it horizontally.
# In all of this, the bounding box was transformed accordingly. And without any further ado, we can start training.

data_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    dataset,
    batch_size=2,
    # We need a custom collation function here, since the object detection models expect a
    # sequence of images and target dictionaries. The default collation function tries to
    # `torch.stack` the individual elements, which fails in general for object detection,
    # because the number of object instances varies between the samples. This is the same for
    # `torchvision.transforms` v1
    collate_fn=lambda batch: tuple(zip(*batch)),
)

model = models.get_model("ssd300_vgg16", weights=None, weights_backbone=None).train()

for images, targets in data_loader:
    loss_dict = model(images, targets)
    print(loss_dict)
    # Put your training logic here
    break
