from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple

import torch
from torchaudio.models import RNNT


__all__ = ["Hypothesis", "RNNTBeamSearch"]


Hypothesis = Tuple[List[int], torch.Tensor, List[List[torch.Tensor]], float]
Hypothesis.__doc__ = """Hypothesis generated by RNN-T beam search decoder,
    represented as tuple of (tokens, prediction network output, prediction network state, score).
    """


def _get_hypo_tokens(hypo: Hypothesis) -> List[int]:
    return hypo[0]


def _get_hypo_predictor_out(hypo: Hypothesis) -> torch.Tensor:
    return hypo[1]


def _get_hypo_state(hypo: Hypothesis) -> List[List[torch.Tensor]]:
    return hypo[2]


def _get_hypo_score(hypo: Hypothesis) -> float:
    return hypo[3]


def _get_hypo_key(hypo: Hypothesis) -> str:
    return str(hypo[0])


def _batch_state(hypos: List[Hypothesis]) -> List[List[torch.Tensor]]:
    states: List[List[torch.Tensor]] = []
    for i in range(len(_get_hypo_state(hypos[0]))):
        batched_state_components: List[torch.Tensor] = []
        for j in range(len(_get_hypo_state(hypos[0])[i])):
            batched_state_components.append(torch.cat([_get_hypo_state(hypo)[i][j] for hypo in hypos]))
        states.append(batched_state_components)
    return states


def _slice_state(states: List[List[torch.Tensor]], idx: int, device: torch.device) -> List[List[torch.Tensor]]:
    idx_tensor = torch.tensor([idx], device=device)
    return [[state.index_select(0, idx_tensor) for state in state_tuple] for state_tuple in states]


def _default_hypo_sort_key(hypo: Hypothesis) -> float:
    return _get_hypo_score(hypo) / (len(_get_hypo_tokens(hypo)) + 1)


def _compute_updated_scores(
    hypos: List[Hypothesis],
    next_token_probs: torch.Tensor,
    beam_width: int,
) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
    hypo_scores = torch.tensor([_get_hypo_score(h) for h in hypos]).unsqueeze(1)
    nonblank_scores = hypo_scores + next_token_probs[:, :-1]  # [beam_width, num_tokens - 1]
    nonblank_nbest_scores, nonblank_nbest_idx = nonblank_scores.reshape(-1).topk(beam_width)
    nonblank_nbest_hypo_idx = nonblank_nbest_idx.div(nonblank_scores.shape[1], rounding_mode="trunc")
    nonblank_nbest_token = nonblank_nbest_idx % nonblank_scores.shape[1]
    return nonblank_nbest_scores, nonblank_nbest_hypo_idx, nonblank_nbest_token


def _remove_hypo(hypo: Hypothesis, hypo_list: List[Hypothesis]) -> None:
    for i, elem in enumerate(hypo_list):
        if _get_hypo_key(hypo) == _get_hypo_key(elem):
            del hypo_list[i]
            break


class RNNTBeamSearch(torch.nn.Module):
    r"""Beam search decoder for RNN-T model.

    See Also:
        * :class:`torchaudio.pipelines.RNNTBundle`: ASR pipeline with pretrained model.

    Args:
        model (RNNT): RNN-T model to use.
        blank (int): index of blank token in vocabulary.
        temperature (float, optional): temperature to apply to joint network output.
            Larger values yield more uniform samples. (Default: 1.0)
        hypo_sort_key (Callable[[Hypothesis], float] or None, optional): callable that computes a score
            for a given hypothesis to rank hypotheses by. If ``None``, defaults to callable that returns
            hypothesis score normalized by token sequence length. (Default: None)
        step_max_tokens (int, optional): maximum number of tokens to emit per input time step. (Default: 100)
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        model: RNNT,
        blank: int,
        temperature: float = 1.0,
        hypo_sort_key: Optional[Callable[[Hypothesis], float]] = None,
        step_max_tokens: int = 100,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.model = model
        self.blank = blank
        self.temperature = temperature

        if hypo_sort_key is None:
            self.hypo_sort_key = _default_hypo_sort_key
        else:
            self.hypo_sort_key = hypo_sort_key

        self.step_max_tokens = step_max_tokens

    def _init_b_hypos(self, hypo: Optional[Hypothesis], device: torch.device) -> List[Hypothesis]:
        if hypo is not None:
            token = _get_hypo_tokens(hypo)[-1]
            state = _get_hypo_state(hypo)
        else:
            token = self.blank
            state = None

        one_tensor = torch.tensor([1], device=device)
        pred_out, _, pred_state = self.model.predict(torch.tensor([[token]], device=device), one_tensor, state)
        init_hypo = (
            [token],
            pred_out[0].detach(),
            pred_state,
            0.0,
        )
        return [init_hypo]

    def _gen_next_token_probs(
        self, enc_out: torch.Tensor, hypos: List[Hypothesis], device: torch.device
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        one_tensor = torch.tensor([1], device=device)
        predictor_out = torch.stack([_get_hypo_predictor_out(h) for h in hypos], dim=0)
        joined_out, _, _ = self.model.join(
            enc_out,
            one_tensor,
            predictor_out,
            torch.tensor([1] * len(hypos), device=device),
        )  # [beam_width, 1, 1, num_tokens]
        joined_out = torch.nn.functional.log_softmax(joined_out / self.temperature, dim=3)
        return joined_out[:, 0, 0]

    def _gen_b_hypos(
        self,
        b_hypos: List[Hypothesis],
        a_hypos: List[Hypothesis],
        next_token_probs: torch.Tensor,
        key_to_b_hypo: Dict[str, Hypothesis],
    ) -> List[Hypothesis]:
        for i in range(len(a_hypos)):
            h_a = a_hypos[i]
            append_blank_score = _get_hypo_score(h_a) + next_token_probs[i, -1]
            if _get_hypo_key(h_a) in key_to_b_hypo:
                h_b = key_to_b_hypo[_get_hypo_key(h_a)]
                _remove_hypo(h_b, b_hypos)
                score = float(torch.tensor(_get_hypo_score(h_b)).logaddexp(append_blank_score))
            else:
                score = float(append_blank_score)
            h_b = (
                _get_hypo_tokens(h_a),
                _get_hypo_predictor_out(h_a),
                _get_hypo_state(h_a),
                score,
            )
            b_hypos.append(h_b)
            key_to_b_hypo[_get_hypo_key(h_b)] = h_b
        _, sorted_idx = torch.tensor([_get_hypo_score(hypo) for hypo in b_hypos]).sort()
        return [b_hypos[idx] for idx in sorted_idx]

    def _gen_a_hypos(
        self,
        a_hypos: List[Hypothesis],
        b_hypos: List[Hypothesis],
        next_token_probs: torch.Tensor,
        t: int,
        beam_width: int,
        device: torch.device,
    ) -> List[Hypothesis]:
        (
            nonblank_nbest_scores,
            nonblank_nbest_hypo_idx,
            nonblank_nbest_token,
        ) = _compute_updated_scores(a_hypos, next_token_probs, beam_width)

        if len(b_hypos) < beam_width:
            b_nbest_score = -float("inf")
        else:
            b_nbest_score = _get_hypo_score(b_hypos[-beam_width])

        base_hypos: List[Hypothesis] = []
        new_tokens: List[int] = []
        new_scores: List[float] = []
        for i in range(beam_width):
            score = float(nonblank_nbest_scores[i])
            if score > b_nbest_score:
                a_hypo_idx = int(nonblank_nbest_hypo_idx[i])
                base_hypos.append(a_hypos[a_hypo_idx])
                new_tokens.append(int(nonblank_nbest_token[i]))
                new_scores.append(score)

        if base_hypos:
            new_hypos = self._gen_new_hypos(base_hypos, new_tokens, new_scores, t, device)
        else:
            new_hypos: List[Hypothesis] = []

        return new_hypos

    def _gen_new_hypos(
        self,
        base_hypos: List[Hypothesis],
        tokens: List[int],
        scores: List[float],
        t: int,
        device: torch.device,
    ) -> List[Hypothesis]:
        tgt_tokens = torch.tensor([[token] for token in tokens], device=device)
        states = _batch_state(base_hypos)
        pred_out, _, pred_states = self.model.predict(
            tgt_tokens,
            torch.tensor([1] * len(base_hypos), device=device),
            states,
        )
        new_hypos: List[Hypothesis] = []
        for i, h_a in enumerate(base_hypos):
            new_tokens = _get_hypo_tokens(h_a) + [tokens[i]]
            new_hypos.append((new_tokens, pred_out[i].detach(), _slice_state(pred_states, i, device), scores[i]))
        return new_hypos

    def _search(
        self,
        enc_out: torch.Tensor,
        hypo: Optional[Hypothesis],
        beam_width: int,
    ) -> List[Hypothesis]:
        n_time_steps = enc_out.shape[1]
        device = enc_out.device

        a_hypos: List[Hypothesis] = []
        b_hypos = self._init_b_hypos(hypo, device)
        for t in range(n_time_steps):
            a_hypos = b_hypos
            b_hypos = torch.jit.annotate(List[Hypothesis], [])
            key_to_b_hypo: Dict[str, Hypothesis] = {}
            symbols_current_t = 0

            while a_hypos:
                next_token_probs = self._gen_next_token_probs(enc_out[:, t : t + 1], a_hypos, device)
                next_token_probs = next_token_probs.cpu()
                b_hypos = self._gen_b_hypos(b_hypos, a_hypos, next_token_probs, key_to_b_hypo)

                if symbols_current_t == self.step_max_tokens:
                    break

                a_hypos = self._gen_a_hypos(
                    a_hypos,
                    b_hypos,
                    next_token_probs,
                    t,
                    beam_width,
                    device,
                )
                if a_hypos:
                    symbols_current_t += 1

            _, sorted_idx = torch.tensor([self.hypo_sort_key(hypo) for hypo in b_hypos]).topk(beam_width)
            b_hypos = [b_hypos[idx] for idx in sorted_idx]

        return b_hypos

    def forward(self, input: torch.Tensor, length: torch.Tensor, beam_width: int) -> List[Hypothesis]:
        r"""Performs beam search for the given input sequence.

        T: number of frames;
        D: feature dimension of each frame.

        Args:
            input (torch.Tensor): sequence of input frames, with shape (T, D) or (1, T, D).
            length (torch.Tensor): number of valid frames in input
                sequence, with shape () or (1,).
            beam_width (int): beam size to use during search.

        Returns:
            List[Hypothesis]: top-``beam_width`` hypotheses found by beam search.
        """
        if input.dim() != 2 and not (input.dim() == 3 and input.shape[0] == 1):
            raise ValueError("input must be of shape (T, D) or (1, T, D)")
        if input.dim() == 2:
            input = input.unsqueeze(0)

        if length.shape != () and length.shape != (1,):
            raise ValueError("length must be of shape () or (1,)")
        if input.dim() == 0:
            input = input.unsqueeze(0)

        enc_out, _ = self.model.transcribe(input, length)
        return self._search(enc_out, None, beam_width)

    @torch.jit.export
    def infer(
        self,
        input: torch.Tensor,
        length: torch.Tensor,
        beam_width: int,
        state: Optional[List[List[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
        hypothesis: Optional[Hypothesis] = None,
    ) -> Tuple[List[Hypothesis], List[List[torch.Tensor]]]:
        r"""Performs beam search for the given input sequence in streaming mode.

        T: number of frames;
        D: feature dimension of each frame.

        Args:
            input (torch.Tensor): sequence of input frames, with shape (T, D) or (1, T, D).
            length (torch.Tensor): number of valid frames in input
                sequence, with shape () or (1,).
            beam_width (int): beam size to use during search.
            state (List[List[torch.Tensor]] or None, optional): list of lists of tensors
                representing transcription network internal state generated in preceding
                invocation. (Default: ``None``)
            hypothesis (Hypothesis or None): hypothesis from preceding invocation to seed
                search with. (Default: ``None``)

        Returns:
            (List[Hypothesis], List[List[torch.Tensor]]):
                List[Hypothesis]
                    top-``beam_width`` hypotheses found by beam search.
                List[List[torch.Tensor]]
                    list of lists of tensors representing transcription network
                    internal state generated in current invocation.
        """
        if input.dim() != 2 and not (input.dim() == 3 and input.shape[0] == 1):
            raise ValueError("input must be of shape (T, D) or (1, T, D)")
        if input.dim() == 2:
            input = input.unsqueeze(0)

        if length.shape != () and length.shape != (1,):
            raise ValueError("length must be of shape () or (1,)")
        if length.dim() == 0:
            length = length.unsqueeze(0)

        enc_out, _, state = self.model.transcribe_streaming(input, length, state)
        return self._search(enc_out, hypothesis, beam_width), state
