# coding=utf-8

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from typing import List, Tuple, Union, Optional
import math
#import numpy as np

import torch
import torch.nn as nn

from torch_harmonics.quadrature import _precompute_latitudes, _precompute_longitudes


class ResampleS2(nn.Module):
    """
    Resampling module for signals on the 2-sphere.
    
    This module provides functionality to resample spherical signals between different
    grid resolutions and grid types using bilinear interpolation.
    
    Parameters
    -----------
    nlat_in : int
        Number of latitude points in the input grid
    nlon_in : int
        Number of longitude points in the input grid
    nlat_out : int
        Number of latitude points in the output grid
    nlon_out : int
        Number of longitude points in the output grid
    grid_in : str, optional
        Input grid type ("equiangular", "legendre-gauss", "lobatto"), by default "equiangular"
    grid_out : str, optional
        Output grid type ("equiangular", "legendre-gauss", "lobatto"), by default "equiangular"
    mode : str, optional
        Interpolation mode ("bilinear", "bilinear-spherical"), by default "bilinear"
    """
    
    def __init__(
        self,
        nlat_in: int,
        nlon_in: int,
        nlat_out: int,
        nlon_out: int,
        grid_in: Optional[str] = "equiangular",
        grid_out: Optional[str] = "equiangular",
        mode: Optional[str] = "bilinear",
    ):

        super().__init__()

        # currently only bilinear is supported
        if mode in ["bilinear", "bilinear-spherical"]:
            self.mode = mode
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(f"unknown interpolation mode {mode}")

        self.nlat_in, self.nlon_in = nlat_in, nlon_in
        self.nlat_out, self.nlon_out = nlat_out, nlon_out

        self.grid_in = grid_in
        self.grid_out = grid_out

        # for upscaling the latitudes we will use interpolation
        self.lats_in, _ = _precompute_latitudes(nlat_in, grid=grid_in)
        self.lons_in = _precompute_longitudes(nlon_in)
        self.lats_out, _ = _precompute_latitudes(nlat_out, grid=grid_out)
        self.lons_out = _precompute_longitudes(nlon_out)

        # in the case where some points lie outside of the range spanned by lats_in,
        # we need to expand the solution to the poles before interpolating
        self.expand_poles = (self.lats_out > self.lats_in[-1]).any() or (self.lats_out < self.lats_in[0]).any()
        if self.expand_poles:
            self.lats_in = torch.cat([torch.as_tensor([0.], dtype=torch.float64, device=self.lats_in.device),
                                      self.lats_in,
                                      torch.as_tensor([math.pi], dtype=torch.float64, device=self.lats_in.device)]).contiguous()

        # prepare the interpolation by computing indices to the left and right of each output latitude
        lat_idx = torch.searchsorted(self.lats_in, self.lats_out, side="right") - 1
        # make sure that we properly treat the last point if they coincide with the pole
        lat_idx = torch.where(self.lats_out == self.lats_in[-1], lat_idx - 1, lat_idx)

        # lat_idx = np.where(self.lats_out > self.lats_in[-1], lat_idx - 1, lat_idx)
        # lat_idx = np.where(self.lats_out < self.lats_in[0], 0, lat_idx)

        # compute the interpolation weights along the latitude
        lat_weights = ((self.lats_out - self.lats_in[lat_idx]) / torch.diff(self.lats_in)[lat_idx]).to(torch.float32)
        lat_weights = lat_weights.unsqueeze(-1)

        # register buffers
        self.register_buffer("lat_idx", lat_idx, persistent=False)
        self.register_buffer("lat_weights", lat_weights, persistent=False)

        # get left and right indices but this time make sure periodicity in the longitude is handled
        lon_idx_left = torch.searchsorted(self.lons_in, self.lons_out, side="right") - 1
        lon_idx_right = torch.where(self.lons_out >= self.lons_in[-1], torch.zeros_like(lon_idx_left), lon_idx_left + 1)

        # get the difference
        diff = self.lons_in[lon_idx_right] - self.lons_in[lon_idx_left]
        diff = torch.where(diff < 0.0, diff + 2 * math.pi, diff)
        lon_weights = ((self.lons_out - self.lons_in[lon_idx_left]) / diff).to(torch.float32)

        # register buffers
        self.register_buffer("lon_idx_left", lon_idx_left, persistent=False)
        self.register_buffer("lon_idx_right", lon_idx_right, persistent=False)
        self.register_buffer("lon_weights", lon_weights, persistent=False)

        self.skip_resampling = (nlon_in == nlon_out) and (nlat_in == nlat_out) and (grid_in == grid_out)
        

    def extra_repr(self):
        r"""
        Pretty print module
        """
        return f"in_shape={(self.nlat_in, self.nlon_in)}, out_shape={(self.nlat_out, self.nlon_out)}"

    def _upscale_longitudes(self, x: torch.Tensor):
        """
        Interpolate the input tensor along the longitude dimension.
        
        Parameters
        -----------
        x : torch.Tensor
            Input tensor with shape (..., nlat, nlon)
            
        Returns
        -------
        torch.Tensor
            Interpolated tensor along longitude dimension
        """
        # do the interpolation in precision of x
        lwgt = self.lon_weights.to(x.dtype)
        if self.mode == "bilinear":
            x = torch.lerp(x[..., self.lon_idx_left], x[..., self.lon_idx_right], lwgt)
        else:
            omega = x[..., self.lon_idx_right] - x[..., self.lon_idx_left]
            somega = torch.sin(omega)
            start_prefac = torch.where(somega > 1e-4, torch.sin((1.0 - lwgt) * omega) / somega, (1.0 - lwgt))
            end_prefac = torch.where(somega > 1e-4, torch.sin(lwgt * omega) / somega, lwgt)
            x = start_prefac * x[..., self.lon_idx_left] + end_prefac * x[..., self.lon_idx_right]

        return x

    def _expand_poles(self, x: torch.Tensor):
        """
        Expand the input tensor to include pole points for interpolation.
        
        Parameters
        -----------
        x : torch.Tensor
            Input tensor with shape (..., nlat, nlon)
            
        Returns
        -------
        torch.Tensor
            Expanded tensor with pole points added
        """
        x_north = x[...,  0, :].mean(dim=-1, keepdims=True)
        x_south = x[..., -1, :].mean(dim=-1, keepdims=True)
        x = nn.functional.pad(x, pad=[0, 0, 1, 1], mode='constant')
        x[...,  0, :] = x_north[...]
        x[..., -1, :] = x_south[...]

        return x

    def _upscale_latitudes(self, x: torch.Tensor):
        """
        Interpolate the input tensor along the latitude dimension.
        
        Parameters
        -----------
        x : torch.Tensor
            Input tensor with shape (..., nlat, nlon)
            
        Returns
        -------
        torch.Tensor
            Interpolated tensor along latitude dimension
        """
        # do the interpolation in precision of x
        lwgt = self.lat_weights.to(x.dtype)
        if self.mode == "bilinear":
            x = torch.lerp(x[..., self.lat_idx, :], x[..., self.lat_idx + 1, :], lwgt)
        else:
            omega = x[..., self.lat_idx + 1, :] - x[..., self.lat_idx, :]
            somega = torch.sin(omega)
            start_prefac = torch.where(somega > 1e-4, torch.sin((1.0 - lwgt) * omega) / somega, (1.0 - lwgt))
            end_prefac = torch.where(somega > 1e-4, torch.sin(lwgt * omega) / somega, lwgt)
            x = start_prefac * x[..., self.lat_idx, :] + end_prefac * x[..., self.lat_idx + 1, :]

        return x

    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
        """
        Forward pass of the resampling module.
        
        Parameters
        -----------
        x : torch.Tensor
            Input tensor with shape (..., nlat_in, nlon_in)
            
        Returns
        -------
        torch.Tensor
            Resampled tensor with shape (..., nlat_out, nlon_out)
        """
        if self.skip_resampling:
            return x
        
        if self.expand_poles:
            x = self._expand_poles(x)

        x = self._upscale_latitudes(x)

        x = self._upscale_longitudes(x)

        return x
