"""Profiler and benchmarking utilities for PyTorch functions."""

import os
import sys
from typing import Callable, List, Literal, Optional, Union

import torch


class suppress_stdout_stderr:
    """Context manager to suppress stdout and stderr output.

    Source: https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepGEMM/blob/main/deep_gemm/testing/bench.py
    """

    def __enter__(self):
        # Open null device files
        self.outnull_file = open(os.devnull, 'w')
        self.errnull_file = open(os.devnull, 'w')

        # Save original file descriptors
        self.old_stdout_fileno_undup = sys.stdout.fileno()
        self.old_stderr_fileno_undup = sys.stderr.fileno()
        self.old_stdout_fileno = os.dup(sys.stdout.fileno())
        self.old_stderr_fileno = os.dup(sys.stderr.fileno())

        # Save original stdout/stderr objects
        self.old_stdout = sys.stdout
        self.old_stderr = sys.stderr

        # Redirect file descriptors and streams to null device
        os.dup2(self.outnull_file.fileno(), self.old_stdout_fileno_undup)
        os.dup2(self.errnull_file.fileno(), self.old_stderr_fileno_undup)
        sys.stdout = self.outnull_file
        sys.stderr = self.errnull_file

        return self

    def __exit__(self, *_):
        # Restore original stdout/stderr objects
        sys.stdout = self.old_stdout
        sys.stderr = self.old_stderr

        # Restore original file descriptors
        os.dup2(self.old_stdout_fileno, self.old_stdout_fileno_undup)
        os.dup2(self.old_stderr_fileno, self.old_stderr_fileno_undup)

        # Close duplicated file descriptors
        os.close(self.old_stdout_fileno)
        os.close(self.old_stderr_fileno)

        # Close null device files
        self.outnull_file.close()
        self.errnull_file.close()


IS_CUDA = torch.cuda.is_available()
device = 'cuda:0' if IS_CUDA else 'mps:0'
Event = torch.cuda.Event if IS_CUDA else torch.mps.Event


def do_bench(
    fn: Callable,
    warmup: float = 25,
    rep: float = 100,
    _n_warmup: int = 0,
    _n_repeat: int = 0,
    quantiles: Optional[List[float]] = None,
    fast_flush: bool = True,
    backend: Literal["event", "cupti"] = "event",
    return_mode: Literal["min", "max", "mean", "median"] = "mean",
) -> Union[float, List[float]]:
    """Benchmark the runtime of a PyTorch function with L2 cache management.

    This function provides accurate GPU kernel timing by:
    - Clearing L2 cache between runs for consistent measurements
    - Auto-calculating warmup and repeat counts based on kernel runtime
    - Supporting multiple profiling backends (CUDA events or CUPTI)
    - Offering flexible result aggregation (mean/median/min/max/quantiles)

    Args:
        fn: Function to benchmark
        warmup: Target warmup time in milliseconds (default: 25)
        rep: Target total benchmark time in milliseconds (default: 100)
        _n_warmup: Manual override for warmup iterations (default: 0 = auto)
        _n_repeat: Manual override for benchmark iterations (default: 0 = auto)
        quantiles: Performance percentiles to compute (e.g., [0.5, 0.95])
        fast_flush: Use faster L2 cache flush with int32 vs int8 (default: True)
        backend: Profiler backend - "event" (CUDA events) or "cupti" (default: "event")
        return_mode: Result aggregation method - "mean", "median", "min", or "max"

    Returns:
        Runtime in milliseconds (float) or list of quantile values if quantiles specified
    """
    assert return_mode in ["min", "max", "mean", "median"], \
        f"Invalid return_mode: {return_mode}"

    # Initial function call and synchronization
    fn()
    torch.cuda.synchronize()

    # Create L2 cache flush buffer (256 MB)
    # Fast flush uses int32 (4 bytes), regular uses int8 (1 byte)
    cache_size = int(256e6 // 4) if fast_flush else int(256e6)
    cache_dtype = torch.int if fast_flush else torch.int8
    cache = torch.empty(cache_size, dtype=cache_dtype, device="cuda")

    # Estimate kernel runtime with 5 iterations
    start_event = torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
    end_event = torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
    start_event.record()
    for _ in range(5):
        cache.zero_()
        fn()
    end_event.record()
    start_event.synchronize()
    end_event.synchronize()
    estimate_ms = start_event.elapsed_time(end_event) / 5

    # Calculate warmup and repeat counts (minimum 1 iteration each)
    n_warmup = _n_warmup if _n_warmup > 0 else max(1, int(warmup / estimate_ms))
    n_repeat = _n_repeat if _n_repeat > 0 else max(1, int(rep / estimate_ms))

    # Warmup phase
    for _ in range(n_warmup):
        fn()

    # Benchmarking phase
    if backend == "event":
        return _bench_with_cuda_events(fn, cache, n_repeat, quantiles, return_mode)
    elif backend == "cupti":
        return _bench_with_cupti(fn, cache, n_repeat)
    else:
        raise ValueError(f"Unknown profiler backend: {backend}")


def _bench_with_cuda_events(
    fn: Callable,
    cache: torch.Tensor,
    n_repeat: int,
    quantiles: Optional[List[float]],
    return_mode: str,
) -> Union[float, List[float]]:
    """Benchmark using CUDA events for timing."""
    # Create timing events
    start_events = [torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True) for _ in range(n_repeat)]
    end_events = [torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True) for _ in range(n_repeat)]

    # Run benchmark iterations
    for i in range(n_repeat):
        cache.zero_()  # Clear L2 cache
        start_events[i].record()
        fn()
        end_events[i].record()

    # Synchronize and collect timings
    torch.cuda.synchronize()
    times = torch.tensor(
        [s.elapsed_time(e) for s, e in zip(start_events, end_events)],
        dtype=torch.float,
    )

    # Return quantiles if requested
    if quantiles is not None:
        quantile_values = torch.quantile(times, torch.tensor(quantiles, dtype=torch.float)).tolist()
        return quantile_values[0] if len(quantile_values) == 1 else quantile_values

    # Return aggregated result
    return getattr(torch, return_mode)(times).item()


def _bench_with_cupti(
    fn: Callable,
    cache: torch.Tensor,
    n_repeat: int,
) -> float:
    """Benchmark using CUPTI profiler for detailed kernel timing."""
    with suppress_stdout_stderr():
        schedule = torch.profiler.schedule(wait=1, warmup=0, active=1, repeat=1)
        profiler = torch.profiler.profile(
            activities=[torch.profiler.ProfilerActivity.CUDA],
            schedule=schedule,
        )

        with profiler:
            for _ in range(2):
                for _ in range(n_repeat):
                    cache.zero_()
                    fn()
                profiler.step()

    # Calculate average kernel time, excluding cache-clearing overhead
    total_cuda_time = 0.0
    excluded_time = 0.0
    excluded_kernels = "at::native::vectorized_elementwise"

    for event in profiler.key_averages():
        total_cuda_time += event.self_device_time_total
        if excluded_kernels in event.key:
            excluded_time += event.self_device_time_total

    kernel_time_us = (total_cuda_time - excluded_time) / n_repeat
    return kernel_time_us * 1e-3  # Convert microseconds to milliseconds
