/*
 * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
 * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 */

#include <ATen/ATen.h>
#include <ATen/cuda/CUDAContext.h>
#include <c10/cuda/CUDAGuard.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>

#include "utils/dispatch.cuh"
#include "utils/mink.cuh"

// A chunk of work is blocksize-many points of P1.
// The number of potential chunks to do is N*(1+(P1-1)/blocksize)
// call (1+(P1-1)/blocksize) chunks_per_cloud
// These chunks are divided among the gridSize-many blocks.
// In block b, we work on chunks b, b+gridSize, b+2*gridSize etc .
// In chunk i, we work on cloud i/chunks_per_cloud on points starting from
// blocksize*(i%chunks_per_cloud).

template <typename scalar_t>
__global__ void KNearestNeighborKernelV0(
    const scalar_t* __restrict__ points1,
    const scalar_t* __restrict__ points2,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths1,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths2,
    scalar_t* __restrict__ dists,
    int64_t* __restrict__ idxs,
    const size_t N,
    const size_t P1,
    const size_t P2,
    const size_t D,
    const size_t K,
    const size_t norm) {
  // Store both dists and indices for knn in global memory.
  const int64_t chunks_per_cloud = (1 + (P1 - 1) / blockDim.x);
  const int64_t chunks_to_do = N * chunks_per_cloud;
  for (int64_t chunk = blockIdx.x; chunk < chunks_to_do; chunk += gridDim.x) {
    const int64_t n = chunk / chunks_per_cloud;
    const int64_t start_point = blockDim.x * (chunk % chunks_per_cloud);
    int64_t p1 = start_point + threadIdx.x;
    if (p1 >= lengths1[n])
      continue;
    int offset = n * P1 * K + p1 * K;
    int64_t length2 = lengths2[n];
    MinK<scalar_t, int64_t> mink(dists + offset, idxs + offset, K);
    for (int p2 = 0; p2 < length2; ++p2) {
      // Find the distance between points1[n, p1] and points[n, p2]
      scalar_t dist = 0;
      for (int d = 0; d < D; ++d) {
        scalar_t coord1 = points1[n * P1 * D + p1 * D + d];
        scalar_t coord2 = points2[n * P2 * D + p2 * D + d];
        scalar_t diff = coord1 - coord2;
        scalar_t norm_diff = (norm == 2) ? (diff * diff) : abs(diff);
        dist += norm_diff;
      }
      mink.add(dist, p2);
    }
  }
}

template <typename scalar_t, int64_t D>
__global__ void KNearestNeighborKernelV1(
    const scalar_t* __restrict__ points1,
    const scalar_t* __restrict__ points2,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths1,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths2,
    scalar_t* __restrict__ dists,
    int64_t* __restrict__ idxs,
    const size_t N,
    const size_t P1,
    const size_t P2,
    const size_t K,
    const size_t norm) {
  // Same idea as the previous version, but hoist D into a template argument
  // so we can cache the current point in a thread-local array. We still store
  // the current best K dists and indices in global memory, so this should work
  // for very large K and fairly large D.
  scalar_t cur_point[D];
  const int64_t chunks_per_cloud = (1 + (P1 - 1) / blockDim.x);
  const int64_t chunks_to_do = N * chunks_per_cloud;
  for (int64_t chunk = blockIdx.x; chunk < chunks_to_do; chunk += gridDim.x) {
    const int64_t n = chunk / chunks_per_cloud;
    const int64_t start_point = blockDim.x * (chunk % chunks_per_cloud);
    int64_t p1 = start_point + threadIdx.x;
    if (p1 >= lengths1[n])
      continue;
    for (int d = 0; d < D; ++d) {
      cur_point[d] = points1[n * P1 * D + p1 * D + d];
    }
    int offset = n * P1 * K + p1 * K;
    int64_t length2 = lengths2[n];
    MinK<scalar_t, int64_t> mink(dists + offset, idxs + offset, K);
    for (int p2 = 0; p2 < length2; ++p2) {
      // Find the distance between cur_point and points[n, p2]
      scalar_t dist = 0;
      for (int d = 0; d < D; ++d) {
        scalar_t diff = cur_point[d] - points2[n * P2 * D + p2 * D + d];
        scalar_t norm_diff = (norm == 2) ? (diff * diff) : abs(diff);
        dist += norm_diff;
      }
      mink.add(dist, p2);
    }
  }
}

// This is a shim functor to allow us to dispatch using DispatchKernel1D
template <typename scalar_t, int64_t D>
struct KNearestNeighborV1Functor {
  static void run(
      size_t blocks,
      size_t threads,
      const scalar_t* __restrict__ points1,
      const scalar_t* __restrict__ points2,
      const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths1,
      const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths2,
      scalar_t* __restrict__ dists,
      int64_t* __restrict__ idxs,
      const size_t N,
      const size_t P1,
      const size_t P2,
      const size_t K,
      const size_t norm) {
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    KNearestNeighborKernelV1<scalar_t, D><<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(
        points1, points2, lengths1, lengths2, dists, idxs, N, P1, P2, K, norm);
  }
};

template <typename scalar_t, int64_t D, int64_t K>
__global__ void KNearestNeighborKernelV2(
    const scalar_t* __restrict__ points1,
    const scalar_t* __restrict__ points2,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths1,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths2,
    scalar_t* __restrict__ dists,
    int64_t* __restrict__ idxs,
    const int64_t N,
    const int64_t P1,
    const int64_t P2,
    const size_t norm) {
  // Same general implementation as V2, but also hoist K into a template arg.
  scalar_t cur_point[D];
  scalar_t min_dists[K];
  int min_idxs[K];
  const int64_t chunks_per_cloud = (1 + (P1 - 1) / blockDim.x);
  const int64_t chunks_to_do = N * chunks_per_cloud;
  for (int64_t chunk = blockIdx.x; chunk < chunks_to_do; chunk += gridDim.x) {
    const int64_t n = chunk / chunks_per_cloud;
    const int64_t start_point = blockDim.x * (chunk % chunks_per_cloud);
    int64_t p1 = start_point + threadIdx.x;
    if (p1 >= lengths1[n])
      continue;
    for (int d = 0; d < D; ++d) {
      cur_point[d] = points1[n * P1 * D + p1 * D + d];
    }
    int64_t length2 = lengths2[n];
    MinK<scalar_t, int> mink(min_dists, min_idxs, K);
    for (int p2 = 0; p2 < length2; ++p2) {
      scalar_t dist = 0;
      for (int d = 0; d < D; ++d) {
        int offset = n * P2 * D + p2 * D + d;
        scalar_t diff = cur_point[d] - points2[offset];
        scalar_t norm_diff = (norm == 2) ? (diff * diff) : abs(diff);
        dist += norm_diff;
      }
      mink.add(dist, p2);
    }
    for (int k = 0; k < mink.size(); ++k) {
      idxs[n * P1 * K + p1 * K + k] = min_idxs[k];
      dists[n * P1 * K + p1 * K + k] = min_dists[k];
    }
  }
}

// This is a shim so we can dispatch using DispatchKernel2D
template <typename scalar_t, int64_t D, int64_t K>
struct KNearestNeighborKernelV2Functor {
  static void run(
      size_t blocks,
      size_t threads,
      const scalar_t* __restrict__ points1,
      const scalar_t* __restrict__ points2,
      const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths1,
      const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths2,
      scalar_t* __restrict__ dists,
      int64_t* __restrict__ idxs,
      const int64_t N,
      const int64_t P1,
      const int64_t P2,
      const size_t norm) {
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    KNearestNeighborKernelV2<scalar_t, D, K><<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(
        points1, points2, lengths1, lengths2, dists, idxs, N, P1, P2, norm);
  }
};

template <typename scalar_t, int D, int K>
__global__ void KNearestNeighborKernelV3(
    const scalar_t* __restrict__ points1,
    const scalar_t* __restrict__ points2,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths1,
    const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths2,
    scalar_t* __restrict__ dists,
    int64_t* __restrict__ idxs,
    const size_t N,
    const size_t P1,
    const size_t P2,
    const size_t norm) {
  // Same idea as V2, but use register indexing for thread-local arrays.
  // Enabling sorting for this version leads to huge slowdowns; I suspect
  // that it forces min_dists into local memory rather than registers.
  // As a result this version is always unsorted.
  scalar_t cur_point[D];
  scalar_t min_dists[K];
  int min_idxs[K];
  const int64_t chunks_per_cloud = (1 + (P1 - 1) / blockDim.x);
  const int64_t chunks_to_do = N * chunks_per_cloud;
  for (int64_t chunk = blockIdx.x; chunk < chunks_to_do; chunk += gridDim.x) {
    const int64_t n = chunk / chunks_per_cloud;
    const int64_t start_point = blockDim.x * (chunk % chunks_per_cloud);
    int64_t p1 = start_point + threadIdx.x;
    if (p1 >= lengths1[n])
      continue;
    for (int d = 0; d < D; ++d) {
      cur_point[d] = points1[n * P1 * D + p1 * D + d];
    }
    int64_t length2 = lengths2[n];
    RegisterMinK<scalar_t, int, K> mink(min_dists, min_idxs);
    for (int p2 = 0; p2 < length2; ++p2) {
      scalar_t dist = 0;
      for (int d = 0; d < D; ++d) {
        int offset = n * P2 * D + p2 * D + d;
        scalar_t diff = cur_point[d] - points2[offset];
        scalar_t norm_diff = (norm == 2) ? (diff * diff) : abs(diff);
        dist += norm_diff;
      }
      mink.add(dist, p2);
    }
    for (int k = 0; k < mink.size(); ++k) {
      idxs[n * P1 * K + p1 * K + k] = min_idxs[k];
      dists[n * P1 * K + p1 * K + k] = min_dists[k];
    }
  }
}

// This is a shim so we can dispatch using DispatchKernel2D
template <typename scalar_t, int64_t D, int64_t K>
struct KNearestNeighborKernelV3Functor {
  static void run(
      size_t blocks,
      size_t threads,
      const scalar_t* __restrict__ points1,
      const scalar_t* __restrict__ points2,
      const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths1,
      const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths2,
      scalar_t* __restrict__ dists,
      int64_t* __restrict__ idxs,
      const size_t N,
      const size_t P1,
      const size_t P2,
      const size_t norm) {
    cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();
    KNearestNeighborKernelV3<scalar_t, D, K><<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(
        points1, points2, lengths1, lengths2, dists, idxs, N, P1, P2, norm);
  }
};

constexpr int V1_MIN_D = 1;
constexpr int V1_MAX_D = 32;

constexpr int V2_MIN_D = 1;
constexpr int V2_MAX_D = 8;
constexpr int V2_MIN_K = 1;
constexpr int V2_MAX_K = 32;

constexpr int V3_MIN_D = 1;
constexpr int V3_MAX_D = 8;
constexpr int V3_MIN_K = 1;
constexpr int V3_MAX_K = 4;

bool InBounds(const int64_t min, const int64_t x, const int64_t max) {
  return min <= x && x <= max;
}

bool KnnCheckVersion(int version, const int64_t D, const int64_t K) {
  if (version == 0) {
    return true;
  } else if (version == 1) {
    return InBounds(V1_MIN_D, D, V1_MAX_D);
  } else if (version == 2) {
    return InBounds(V2_MIN_D, D, V2_MAX_D) && InBounds(V2_MIN_K, K, V2_MAX_K);
  } else if (version == 3) {
    return InBounds(V3_MIN_D, D, V3_MAX_D) && InBounds(V3_MIN_K, K, V3_MAX_K);
  }
  return false;
}

int ChooseVersion(const int64_t D, const int64_t K) {
  for (int version = 3; version >= 1; version--) {
    if (KnnCheckVersion(version, D, K)) {
      return version;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

std::tuple<at::Tensor, at::Tensor> KNearestNeighborIdxCuda(
    const at::Tensor& p1,
    const at::Tensor& p2,
    const at::Tensor& lengths1,
    const at::Tensor& lengths2,
    const int norm,
    const int K,
    int version) {
  // Check inputs are on the same device
  at::TensorArg p1_t{p1, "p1", 1}, p2_t{p2, "p2", 2},
      lengths1_t{lengths1, "lengths1", 3}, lengths2_t{lengths2, "lengths2", 4};
  at::CheckedFrom c = "KNearestNeighborIdxCuda";
  at::checkAllSameGPU(c, {p1_t, p2_t, lengths1_t, lengths2_t});
  at::checkAllSameType(c, {p1_t, p2_t});

  // Set the device for the kernel launch based on the device of the input
  at::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(p1.device());
  cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();

  const auto N = p1.size(0);
  const auto P1 = p1.size(1);
  const auto P2 = p2.size(1);
  const auto D = p2.size(2);
  const int64_t K_64 = K;

  TORCH_CHECK((norm == 1) || (norm == 2), "Norm must be 1 or 2.");

  TORCH_CHECK(p2.size(2) == D, "Point sets must have the same last dimension");
  auto long_dtype = lengths1.options().dtype(at::kLong);
  auto idxs = at::zeros({N, P1, K}, long_dtype);
  auto dists = at::zeros({N, P1, K}, p1.options());

  if (idxs.numel() == 0) {
    AT_CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
    return std::make_tuple(idxs, dists);
  }

  if (version < 0) {
    version = ChooseVersion(D, K);
  } else if (!KnnCheckVersion(version, D, K)) {
    int new_version = ChooseVersion(D, K);
    std::cout << "WARNING: Requested KNN version " << version
              << " is not compatible with D = " << D << "; K = " << K
              << ". Falling back to version = " << new_version << std::endl;
    version = new_version;
  }

  // At this point we should have a valid version no matter what data the user
  // gave us. But we can check once more to be sure; however this time
  // assert fail since failing at this point means we have a bug in our version
  // selection or checking code.
  AT_ASSERTM(KnnCheckVersion(version, D, K), "Invalid version");

  const size_t threads = 256;
  const size_t blocks = 256;
  if (version == 0) {
    AT_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES(
        p1.scalar_type(), "knn_kernel_cuda", ([&] {
          KNearestNeighborKernelV0<scalar_t><<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(
              p1.contiguous().data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
              p2.contiguous().data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
              lengths1.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
              lengths2.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
              dists.data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
              idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
              N,
              P1,
              P2,
              D,
              K,
              norm);
        }));
  } else if (version == 1) {
    AT_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES(p1.scalar_type(), "knn_kernel_cuda", ([&] {
                                 DispatchKernel1D<
                                     KNearestNeighborV1Functor,
                                     scalar_t,
                                     V1_MIN_D,
                                     V1_MAX_D>(
                                     D,
                                     blocks,
                                     threads,
                                     p1.contiguous().data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
                                     p2.contiguous().data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
                                     lengths1.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
                                     lengths2.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
                                     dists.data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
                                     idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
                                     N,
                                     P1,
                                     P2,
                                     K,
                                     norm);
                               }));
  } else if (version == 2) {
    AT_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES(p1.scalar_type(), "knn_kernel_cuda", ([&] {
                                 DispatchKernel2D<
                                     KNearestNeighborKernelV2Functor,
                                     scalar_t,
                                     V2_MIN_D,
                                     V2_MAX_D,
                                     V2_MIN_K,
                                     V2_MAX_K>(
                                     D,
                                     K_64,
                                     blocks,
                                     threads,
                                     p1.contiguous().data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
                                     p2.contiguous().data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
                                     lengths1.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
                                     lengths2.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
                                     dists.data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
                                     idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
                                     N,
                                     P1,
                                     P2,
                                     norm);
                               }));
  } else if (version == 3) {
    AT_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES(p1.scalar_type(), "knn_kernel_cuda", ([&] {
                                 DispatchKernel2D<
                                     KNearestNeighborKernelV3Functor,
                                     scalar_t,
                                     V3_MIN_D,
                                     V3_MAX_D,
                                     V3_MIN_K,
                                     V3_MAX_K>(
                                     D,
                                     K_64,
                                     blocks,
                                     threads,
                                     p1.contiguous().data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
                                     p2.contiguous().data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
                                     lengths1.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
                                     lengths2.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
                                     dists.data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
                                     idxs.data_ptr<int64_t>(),
                                     N,
                                     P1,
                                     P2,
                                     norm);
                               }));
  }
  AT_CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
  return std::make_tuple(idxs, dists);
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------- //
//                   Backward Operators                          //
// ------------------------------------------------------------- //

// TODO(gkioxari) support all data types once AtomicAdd supports doubles.
// Currently, support is for floats only.
__global__ void KNearestNeighborBackwardKernel(
    const float* __restrict__ p1, // (N, P1, D)
    const float* __restrict__ p2, // (N, P2, D)
    const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths1, // (N,)
    const int64_t* __restrict__ lengths2, // (N,)
    const int64_t* __restrict__ idxs, // (N, P1, K)
    const float* __restrict__ grad_dists, // (N, P1, K)
    float* __restrict__ grad_p1, // (N, P1, D)
    float* __restrict__ grad_p2, // (N, P2, D)
    const size_t N,
    const size_t P1,
    const size_t P2,
    const size_t K,
    const size_t D,
    const size_t norm) {
  const size_t tid = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
  const size_t stride = gridDim.x * blockDim.x;

  for (size_t i = tid; i < N * P1 * K * D; i += stride) {
    const size_t n = i / (P1 * K * D); // batch index
    size_t rem = i % (P1 * K * D);
    const size_t p1_idx = rem / (K * D); // index of point in p1
    rem = rem % (K * D);
    const size_t k = rem / D; // k-th nearest neighbor
    const size_t d = rem % D; // d-th dimension in the feature vector

    const size_t num1 = lengths1[n]; // number of valid points in p1 in batch
    const size_t num2 = lengths2[n]; // number of valid points in p2 in batch
    if ((p1_idx < num1) && (k < num2)) {
      const float grad_dist = grad_dists[n * P1 * K + p1_idx * K + k];
      // index of point in p2 corresponding to the k-th nearest neighbor
      const size_t p2_idx = idxs[n * P1 * K + p1_idx * K + k];
      // If the index is the pad value of -1 then ignore it
      if (p2_idx == -1) {
        continue;
      }
      float diff = 0.0;
      if (norm == 1) {
        float sign =
            (p1[n * P1 * D + p1_idx * D + d] > p2[n * P2 * D + p2_idx * D + d])
            ? 1.0
            : -1.0;
        diff = grad_dist * sign;
      } else { // norm is 2
        diff = 2.0 * grad_dist *
            (p1[n * P1 * D + p1_idx * D + d] - p2[n * P2 * D + p2_idx * D + d]);
      }
      atomicAdd(grad_p1 + n * P1 * D + p1_idx * D + d, diff);
      atomicAdd(grad_p2 + n * P2 * D + p2_idx * D + d, -1.0f * diff);
    }
  }
}

std::tuple<at::Tensor, at::Tensor> KNearestNeighborBackwardCuda(
    const at::Tensor& p1,
    const at::Tensor& p2,
    const at::Tensor& lengths1,
    const at::Tensor& lengths2,
    const at::Tensor& idxs,
    int norm,
    const at::Tensor& grad_dists) {
  // Check inputs are on the same device
  at::TensorArg p1_t{p1, "p1", 1}, p2_t{p2, "p2", 2},
      lengths1_t{lengths1, "lengths1", 3}, lengths2_t{lengths2, "lengths2", 4},
      idxs_t{idxs, "idxs", 5}, grad_dists_t{grad_dists, "grad_dists", 6};
  at::CheckedFrom c = "KNearestNeighborBackwardCuda";
  at::checkAllSameGPU(
      c, {p1_t, p2_t, lengths1_t, lengths2_t, idxs_t, grad_dists_t});
  at::checkAllSameType(c, {p1_t, p2_t, grad_dists_t});

  // Set the device for the kernel launch based on the device of the input
  at::cuda::CUDAGuard device_guard(p1.device());
  cudaStream_t stream = at::cuda::getCurrentCUDAStream();

  const auto N = p1.size(0);
  const auto P1 = p1.size(1);
  const auto P2 = p2.size(1);
  const auto D = p2.size(2);
  const auto K = idxs.size(2);

  TORCH_CHECK(p1.size(2) == D, "Point sets must have the same last dimension");
  TORCH_CHECK(idxs.size(0) == N, "KNN idxs must have the same batch dimension");
  TORCH_CHECK(
      idxs.size(1) == P1, "KNN idxs must have the same point dimension as p1");
  TORCH_CHECK(grad_dists.size(0) == N);
  TORCH_CHECK(grad_dists.size(1) == P1);
  TORCH_CHECK(grad_dists.size(2) == K);

  auto grad_p1 = at::zeros({N, P1, D}, p1.options());
  auto grad_p2 = at::zeros({N, P2, D}, p2.options());

  if (grad_p1.numel() == 0 || grad_p2.numel() == 0) {
    AT_CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
    return std::make_tuple(grad_p1, grad_p2);
  }

  const int blocks = 64;
  const int threads = 512;

  KNearestNeighborBackwardKernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, stream>>>(
      p1.contiguous().data_ptr<float>(),
      p2.contiguous().data_ptr<float>(),
      lengths1.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
      lengths2.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
      idxs.contiguous().data_ptr<int64_t>(),
      grad_dists.contiguous().data_ptr<float>(),
      grad_p1.data_ptr<float>(),
      grad_p2.data_ptr<float>(),
      N,
      P1,
      P2,
      K,
      D,
      norm);

  AT_CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
  return std::make_tuple(grad_p1, grad_p2);
}
