{
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "%matplotlib inline"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "\n# NNI HPO Quickstart with TensorFlow\nThis tutorial optimizes the model in `official TensorFlow quickstart`_ with auto-tuning.\n\nThe tutorial consists of 4 steps: \n\n1. Modify the model for auto-tuning.\n2. Define hyperparameters' search space.\n3. Configure the experiment.\n4. Run the experiment.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Step 1: Prepare the model\nIn first step, we need to prepare the model to be tuned.\n\nThe model should be put in a separate script.\nIt will be evaluated many times concurrently,\nand possibly will be trained on distributed platforms.\n\nIn this tutorial, the model is defined in :doc:`model.py <model>`.\n\nIn short, it is a TensorFlow model with 3 additional API calls:\n\n1. Use :func:`nni.get_next_parameter` to fetch the hyperparameters to be evalutated.\n2. Use :func:`nni.report_intermediate_result` to report per-epoch accuracy metrics.\n3. Use :func:`nni.report_final_result` to report final accuracy.\n\nPlease understand the model code before continue to next step.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Step 2: Define search space\nIn model code, we have prepared 4 hyperparameters to be tuned:\n*dense_units*, *activation_type*, *dropout_rate*, and *learning_rate*.\n\nHere we need to define their *search space* so the tuning algorithm can sample them in desired range.\n\nAssuming we have following prior knowledge for these hyperparameters:\n\n1. *dense_units* should be one of 64, 128, 256.\n2. *activation_type* should be one of 'relu', 'tanh', 'swish', or None.\n3. *dropout_rate* should be a float between 0.5 and 0.9.\n4. *learning_rate* should be a float between 0.0001 and 0.1, and it follows exponential distribution.\n\nIn NNI, the space of *dense_units* and *activation_type* is called ``choice``;\nthe space of *dropout_rate* is called ``uniform``;\nand the space of *learning_rate* is called ``loguniform``.\nYou may have noticed, these names are derived from ``numpy.random``.\n\nFor full specification of search space, check :doc:`the reference </hpo/search_space>`.\n\nNow we can define the search space as follow:\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "search_space = {\n    'dense_units': {'_type': 'choice', '_value': [64, 128, 256]},\n    'activation_type': {'_type': 'choice', '_value': ['relu', 'tanh', 'swish', None]},\n    'dropout_rate': {'_type': 'uniform', '_value': [0.5, 0.9]},\n    'learning_rate': {'_type': 'loguniform', '_value': [0.0001, 0.1]},\n}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Step 3: Configure the experiment\nNNI uses an *experiment* to manage the HPO process.\nThe *experiment config* defines how to train the models and how to explore the search space.\n\nIn this tutorial we use a *local* mode experiment,\nwhich means models will be trained on local machine, without using any special training platform.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "from nni.experiment import Experiment\nexperiment = Experiment('local')"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "Now we start to configure the experiment.\n\n### Configure trial code\nIn NNI evaluation of each hyperparameter set is called a *trial*.\nSo the model script is called *trial code*.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "experiment.config.trial_command = 'python model.py'\nexperiment.config.trial_code_directory = '.'"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "When ``trial_code_directory`` is a relative path, it relates to current working directory.\nTo run ``main.py`` in a different path, you can set trial code directory to ``Path(__file__).parent``.\n(`__file__ <https://docs.python.org/3.10/reference/datamodel.html#index-43>`__\nis only available in standard Python, not in Jupyter Notebook.)\n\n.. attention::\n\n    If you are using Linux system without Conda,\n    you may need to change ``\"python model.py\"`` to ``\"python3 model.py\"``.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "### Configure search space\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "experiment.config.search_space = search_space"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "### Configure tuning algorithm\nHere we use :doc:`TPE tuner </hpo/tuners>`.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "experiment.config.tuner.name = 'TPE'\nexperiment.config.tuner.class_args['optimize_mode'] = 'maximize'"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "### Configure how many trials to run\nHere we evaluate 10 sets of hyperparameters in total, and concurrently evaluate 2 sets at a time.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "experiment.config.max_trial_number = 10\nexperiment.config.trial_concurrency = 2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "<div class=\"alert alert-info\"><h4>Note</h4><p>``max_trial_number`` is set to 10 here for a fast example.\n    In real world it should be set to a larger number.\n    With default config TPE tuner requires 20 trials to warm up.</p></div>\n\nYou may also set ``max_experiment_duration = '1h'`` to limit running time.\n\nIf neither ``max_trial_number`` nor ``max_experiment_duration`` are set,\nthe experiment will run forever until you press Ctrl-C.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## Step 4: Run the experiment\nNow the experiment is ready. Choose a port and launch it. (Here we use port 8080.)\n\nYou can use the web portal to view experiment status: http://localhost:8080.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "experiment.run(8080)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        "## After the experiment is done\nEverything is done and it is safe to exit now. The following are optional.\n\nIf you are using standard Python instead of Jupyter Notebook,\nyou can add ``input()`` or ``signal.pause()`` to prevent Python from exiting,\nallowing you to view the web portal after the experiment is done.\n\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "collapsed": false
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# input('Press enter to quit')\nexperiment.stop()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {},
      "source": [
        ":meth:`nni.experiment.Experiment.stop` is automatically invoked when Python exits,\nso it can be omitted in your code.\n\nAfter the experiment is stopped, you can run :meth:`nni.experiment.Experiment.view` to restart web portal.\n\n.. tip::\n\n    This example uses :doc:`Python API </reference/experiment>` to create experiment.\n\n    You can also create and manage experiments with :doc:`command line tool </reference/nnictl>`.\n\n"
      ]
    }
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