# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
#
# MIT License
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
# associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
# including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute,
# sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
# substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED *AS IS*, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT
# NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
# DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT
# OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
# ==================================================================================================

"""
Tuner is an AutoML algorithm, which generates a new configuration for the next try.
A new trial will run with this configuration.

See :class:`Tuner`' specification and ``docs/en_US/tuners.rst`` for details.
"""

import logging

import nni

from .recoverable import Recoverable

__all__ = ['Tuner']

_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class Tuner(Recoverable):
    """
    Tuner is an AutoML algorithm, which generates a new configuration for the next try.
    A new trial will run with this configuration.

    This is the abstract base class for all tuners.
    Tuning algorithms should inherit this class and override :meth:`update_search_space`, :meth:`receive_trial_result`,
    as well as :meth:`generate_parameters` or :meth:`generate_multiple_parameters`.

    After initializing, NNI will first call :meth:`update_search_space` to tell tuner the feasible region,
    and then call :meth:`generate_parameters` one or more times to request for hyper-parameter configurations.

    The framework will train several models with given configuration.
    When one of them is finished, the final accuracy will be reported to :meth:`receive_trial_result`.
    And then another configuration will be reqeusted and trained, util the whole experiment finish.

    If a tuner want's to know when a trial ends, it can also override :meth:`trial_end`.

    Tuners use *parameter ID* to track trials.
    In tuner context, there is a one-to-one mapping between parameter ID and trial.
    When the framework ask tuner to generate hyper-parameters for a new trial,
    an ID has already been assigned and can be recorded in :meth:`generate_parameters`.
    Later when the trial ends, the ID will be reported to :meth:`trial_end`,
    and :meth:`receive_trial_result` if it has a final result.
    Parameter IDs are unique integers.

    The type/format of search space and hyper-parameters are not limited,
    as long as they are JSON-serializable and in sync with trial code.
    For HPO tuners, however, there is a widely shared common interface,
    which supports ``choice``, ``randint``, ``uniform``, and so on.
    See ``docs/en_US/Tutorial/SearchSpaceSpec.md`` for details of this interface.

    [WIP] For advanced tuners which take advantage of trials' intermediate results,
    an ``Advisor`` interface is under development.

    See Also
    --------
    Builtin tuners:
    :class:`~nni.hyperopt_tuner.hyperopt_tuner.HyperoptTuner`
    :class:`~nni.evolution_tuner.evolution_tuner.EvolutionTuner`
    :class:`~nni.smac_tuner.SMACTuner`
    :class:`~nni.gridsearch_tuner.GridSearchTuner`
    :class:`~nni.networkmorphism_tuner.networkmorphism_tuner.NetworkMorphismTuner`
    :class:`~nni.metis_tuner.mets_tuner.MetisTuner`
    :class:`~nni.ppo_tuner.PPOTuner`
    :class:`~nni.gp_tuner.gp_tuner.GPTuner`
    """

    def generate_parameters(self, parameter_id, **kwargs):
        """
        Abstract method which provides a set of hyper-parameters.

        This method will get called when the framework is about to launch a new trial,
        if user does not override :meth:`generate_multiple_parameters`.

        The return value of this method will be received by trials via :func:`nni.get_next_parameter`.
        It should fit in the search space, though the framework will not verify this.

        User code must override either this method or :meth:`generate_multiple_parameters`.

        Parameters
        ----------
        parameter_id : int
            Unique identifier for requested hyper-parameters. This will later be used in :meth:`receive_trial_result`.
        **kwargs
            Unstable parameters which should be ignored by normal users.

        Returns
        -------
        any
            The hyper-parameters, a dict in most cases, but could be any JSON-serializable type when needed.

        Raises
        ------
        nni.NoMoreTrialError
            If the search space is fully explored, tuner can raise this exception.
        """
        # FIXME: some tuners raise NoMoreTrialError when they are waiting for more trial results
        # we need to design a new exception for this purpose
        raise NotImplementedError('Tuner: generate_parameters not implemented')

    def generate_multiple_parameters(self, parameter_id_list, **kwargs):
        """
        Callback method which provides multiple sets of hyper-parameters.

        This method will get called when the framework is about to launch one or more new trials.

        If user does not override this method, it will invoke :meth:`generate_parameters` on each parameter ID.

        See :meth:`generate_parameters` for details.

        User code must override either this method or :meth:`generate_parameters`.

        Parameters
        ----------
        parameter_id_list : list of int
            Unique identifiers for each set of requested hyper-parameters.
            These will later be used in :meth:`receive_trial_result`.
        **kwargs
            Unstable parameters which should be ignored by normal users.

        Returns
        -------
        list
            List of hyper-parameters. An empty list indicates there are no more trials.
        """
        result = []
        for parameter_id in parameter_id_list:
            try:
                _logger.debug("generating param for %s", parameter_id)
                res = self.generate_parameters(parameter_id, **kwargs)
            except nni.NoMoreTrialError:
                return result
            result.append(res)
        return result

    def receive_trial_result(self, parameter_id, parameters, value, **kwargs):
        """
        Abstract method invoked when a trial reports its final result. Must override.

        This method only listens to results of algorithm-generated hyper-parameters.
        Currently customized trials added from web UI will not report result to this method.

        Parameters
        ----------
        parameter_id : int
            Unique identifier of used hyper-parameters, same with :meth:`generate_parameters`.
        parameters
            Hyper-parameters generated by :meth:`generate_parameters`.
        value
            Result from trial (the return value of :func:`nni.report_final_result`).
        **kwargs
            Unstable parameters which should be ignored by normal users.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Tuner: receive_trial_result not implemented')

    def _accept_customized_trials(self, accept=True):
        # FIXME: because Tuner is designed as interface, this API should not be here

        # Enable or disable receiving results of user-added hyper-parameters.
        # By default `receive_trial_result()` will only receive results of algorithm-generated hyper-parameters.
        # If tuners want to receive those of customized parameters as well, they can call this function in `__init__()`.

        # pylint: disable=attribute-defined-outside-init
        self._accept_customized = accept

    def trial_end(self, parameter_id, success, **kwargs):
        """
        Abstract method invoked when a trial is completed or terminated. Do nothing by default.

        Parameters
        ----------
        parameter_id : int
            Unique identifier for hyper-parameters used by this trial.
        success : bool
            True if the trial successfully completed; False if failed or terminated.
        **kwargs
            Unstable parameters which should be ignored by normal users.
        """

    def update_search_space(self, search_space):
        """
        Abstract method for updating the search space. Must override.

        Tuners are advised to support updating search space at run-time.
        If a tuner can only set search space once before generating first hyper-parameters,
        it should explicitly document this behaviour.

        Parameters
        ----------
        search_space
            JSON object defined by experiment owner.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('Tuner: update_search_space not implemented')

    def load_checkpoint(self):
        """
        Internal API under revising, not recommended for end users.
        """
        checkpoin_path = self.get_checkpoint_path()
        _logger.info('Load checkpoint ignored by tuner, checkpoint path: %s', checkpoin_path)

    def save_checkpoint(self):
        """
        Internal API under revising, not recommended for end users.
        """
        checkpoin_path = self.get_checkpoint_path()
        _logger.info('Save checkpoint ignored by tuner, checkpoint path: %s', checkpoin_path)

    def import_data(self, data):
        """
        Internal API under revising, not recommended for end users.
        """
        # Import additional data for tuning
        # data: a list of dictionarys, each of which has at least two keys, 'parameter' and 'value'
        pass

    def _on_exit(self):
        pass

    def _on_error(self):
        pass
