[feature] experts can be injected using CPUInfer

[fix] fix ktransformers interface when use new CUDAGraphRunner
[fix] fix YAML and optimize logic, the top rule has the highest priority

ktransformers/operators/cpuinfer.py

+import sys, os
+from typing import Any
+sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "ktransformers_ext", "build"))
+sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "ktransformers_ext", "build", "Release"))
+sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "ktransformers_ext", "build", "Debug"))
+import cpuinfer_ext
+from ktransformers.server.config.config import Config
+class CPUInfer:
+    cpu_infer = None
+    def __init__(self, cpu_infer:int = Config().cpu_infer):
+        if CPUInfer.cpu_infer is None:
+            CPUInfer.cpu_infer = cpuinfer_ext.CPUInfer(cpu_infer)
+        
+    def __getattribute__(self, __name: str) -> Any:
+        return CPUInfer.cpu_infer.__getattribute__(__name)
+    
+    def __setattr__(self, __name: str, __value: Any) -> None:
+        return CPUInfer.cpu_infer.__setattr__(__name, __value)
\ No newline at end of file

ktransformers/operators/experts.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from transformers.configuration_utils import PretrainedConfig
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from ktransformers.operators.linear import QuantizedLinearMarlin, QuantizedLinearTorch, KTransformerLinear
 import time
+from ktransformers.operators.cpuinfer import CPUInfer
 
 
 # class Base(BaseInjectedModule, ABC):
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ class MLPCPUExperts(MLPExpertsBase):
     output_cpu:Tensor = None
     output_gpu_map:dict = {} # Manage output tensor buffer on different gpu
     #stream_map:dict = {} # Manage cuda stream on different gpu
-    CPU_INFER = cpuinfer_ext.CPUInfer(Config().cpu_infer)
+    CPU_INFER = CPUInfer(Config().cpu_infer)
     def __init__(
         self,
         key: str,
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ class MLPCPUExperts(MLPExpertsBase):
         n_routed_experts: int,
         orig_module: nn.Module = None,
         device: str = "cpu",
-        out_device: str = "cuda", # this device mean which device the output should on 
+        out_device: str = "cuda", # this device mean which device the output should on. TODO: support cpu.
         **kwargs
     ):
         super().__init__(key, gguf_loader, config, orig_module, device, **kwargs)
@@ -135,7 +136,6 @@ class MLPCPUExperts(MLPExpertsBase):
         self.out_device = out_device
 
     def load(self, w: dict | nn.Parameter | tuple | None = None, device:str|None = None, warmup:bool = False):
-        with torch.device(self.out_device):
         if device:
             assert device.lower() == "cpu", "MLPCPUExperts can only be loaded on CPU, Parameter \"device\" can be cpu or None."
         if w is None: w = self.load_weights()[self.key]

ktransformers/operators/linear.py

@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ Copyright (c) 2024 by KVCache.AI, All Rights Reserved.
 '''
 
 
+import ctypes
 import torch
-from torch import nn
+from torch import Tensor, nn
 import KTransformersOps 
 from ktransformers.util.custom_gguf import GGUFLoader
 from ktransformers.util.utils import InferenceState
@@ -25,7 +26,13 @@ from ktransformers.ktransformers_ext.operators.custom_marlin.quantize.utils.marl
 from ktransformers.operators.base_operator import BaseInjectedModule
 from transformers.configuration_utils import PretrainedConfig
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-
+import sys, os
+sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "ktransformers_ext", "build"))
+sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "ktransformers_ext", "build", "Release"))
+sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..", "ktransformers_ext", "build", "Debug"))
+import cpuinfer_ext
+from ktransformers.operators.cpuinfer import CPUInfer
+from ktransformers.server.config.config import Config
 
 #class QuantizedLinearBase(BaseInjectedModule, ABC):
 class QuantizedLinearBase(ABC):
@@ -118,6 +125,7 @@ class QuantizedLinearTorch(QuantizedLinearBase):
     def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         dtype = x.dtype
         out_device = x.device
+        # TODO: support CUDA Graph when using cpu, but CPUInfer is recommended.
         x = x.to(device=self.device, dtype=self.dtype)
         x = x @ self.w
         if self.has_bias:
@@ -244,9 +252,112 @@ class QuantizedLinearMarlin(QuantizedLinearBase):
         self.sort_indices = None
         self.workspace = None
 
+class QuantizedLinearCPUInfer(QuantizedLinearBase):
+    CPU_INFER = CPUInfer(Config().cpu_infer)
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        gguf_loader: GGUFLoader,
+        config: PretrainedConfig,
+        orig_module: nn.Module = None,
+        device: str = "cpu",
+        out_device: str = "cuda", # this device mean which device the output should on. TODO: support cpu.
+        stride = 16,
+        group_max_len = 1024,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(key, gguf_loader, config, orig_module, device, **kwargs)
+        self.has_bias = False
+        self.dtype = torch.get_default_dtype()
+        self.w = None
+        self.has_bias = False
+        self.stride = stride
+        self.group_max_len = group_max_len
+        self.out_device = out_device
+
+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        origin_shape = x.shape # [batch_size, q_len, hidden_size]
+        if origin_shape[1] == 1:
+            out_device = x.device
+            self.input_tensor_cpu.copy_(x, non_blocking=True)
+            qlen = origin_shape[1]
+            QuantizedLinearCPUInfer.CPU_INFER.submit_with_cuda_stream(
+                torch.cuda.current_stream().cuda_stream,
+                self.linear.forward(
+                    qlen, 
+                    self.input_tensor_cpu.data_ptr(), 
+                    self.output_cpu.data_ptr()
+                )
+            )
+            QuantizedLinearCPUInfer.CPU_INFER.sync_with_cuda_stream(torch.cuda.current_stream().cuda_stream)
+            self.output_gpu.copy_(self.output_cpu, non_blocking=True)
+            if self.has_bias:
+                self.output_gpu += self.bias
+            return self.output_gpu
+        else:
+            dtype = x.dtype
+            out_device = x.device
+            x = x.to(device=self.device)
+            qlen = origin_shape[1]
+            output_shape = (*origin_shape[:-1], self.out_features)
+            output = torch.empty(output_shape, device=x.device, dtype=x.dtype)
+            QuantizedLinearCPUInfer.CPU_INFER.submit(
+                self.linear.forward(
+                    qlen, 
+                    x.data_ptr(), 
+                    output.data_ptr()
+                )
+            )
+            QuantizedLinearCPUInfer.CPU_INFER.sync()
+            if self.has_bias:
+                output = output + self.bias
+            output = output.to(dtype=dtype, device=out_device)
+            return output
+
+    def load(self, w: dict | nn.Parameter | tuple | None = None, device: str|None = None, warmup:bool = True):
+        print(f"loading {self.key} to {self.device} using CPUInfer")
+        if device is None: device = self.device
+        self.load_weights(w=w, device=device)
+        if self.bias is not None:
+            self.has_bias = True
+            self.bias = self.bias.to(device)
+            
+        weight_ptr = ctypes.addressof(
+            ctypes.cast(self.weight.ctypes.data, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_uint64)).contents
+        )
+        config = cpuinfer_ext.linear.LinearConfig(self.in_features, self.out_features, self.stride, self.group_max_len, weight_ptr, self.weight_type, 30)
+        self.linear = cpuinfer_ext.linear.Linear(config)
+        
+        if warmup:
+            QuantizedLinearCPUInfer.CPU_INFER.submit(self.linear.warm_up())
+            QuantizedLinearCPUInfer.CPU_INFER.sync()
+        self.input_tensor_cpu = torch.zeros((1, 1, self.in_features), device="cpu", pin_memory=True)
+        self.output_cpu = torch.zeros((1, 1, self.out_features), device="cpu", pin_memory=True, dtype=torch.bfloat16)
+        self.output_gpu = torch.zeros((1, 1, self.out_features), device=self.out_device)
+
+    def load_weights(self, w: dict | nn.Parameter | tuple | None = None, device: str = "cpu"):
+        if self.key + ".weight" in self.gguf_loader.tensor_info:
+            if self.key + ".bias" in self.gguf_loader.tensor_file_map:
+                self.weight = self.gguf_loader.get_mmap_tensor(self.key + ".weight")
+                self.weight_type = self.gguf_loader.tensor_info[self.key + ".weight"]["ggml_type"]
+                self.bias = self.gguf_loader.load_gguf_tensor(self.key + ".bias", device=device)
+            else:
+                self.weight = self.gguf_loader.get_mmap_tensor(self.key + ".weight")
+                self.weight_type = self.gguf_loader.tensor_info[self.key + ".weight"]["ggml_type"]
+                self.bias = None
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Linear {self.key} not found in gguf_loader")
+
+    def unload(self):
+        if self.w is not None:
+            self.w = None
+        if self.has_bias:
+            self.bias = None        
+
 LINEAR_MAP = {
     "QuantizedLinearMarlin": QuantizedLinearMarlin,
     "QuantizedLinearTorch": QuantizedLinearTorch,
+    "QuantizedLinearCPUInfer": QuantizedLinearCPUInfer
 }
 
 class KTransformerLinear(BaseInjectedModule, QuantizedLinearBase):

ktransformers/optimize/optimize.py

@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ def gen_optimize_config(module: nn.Module, out_data: Mapping, rule_list: List, p
     #print("gen_optimize_config", prefix, module_name, translated_name)
     recursive = True
     for rule in rule_list:
-        #print(rule)
         match_meta = rule["match"]
         if "class" not in match_meta and "name" not in match_meta:
             raise Exception("match must have at least one of \"class\" and \"name\"")
@@ -87,6 +86,7 @@ def gen_optimize_config(module: nn.Module, out_data: Mapping, rule_list: List, p
                 out_data[module_name]["kwargs"].update(copy.deepcopy(replace_meta["kwargs"]) if "kwargs" in replace_meta else dict())
         if "recursive" in rule:
             recursive = bool(rule["recursive"])
+        break
             
     if module_name not in out_data:
         out_data[module_name]= {
@@ -127,5 +127,6 @@ def optimize_and_load_gguf(module: nn.Module, rule_file: str, gguf_path: str, mo
     with torch.device("meta"):
         inject(module, optimize_config, model_config, gguf_loader)
     load_weights(module, gguf_loader)
-    model_config.gguf_loader = gguf_loader
+    module.gguf_loader = gguf_loader
     del_meta(module)
+    torch.cuda.empty_cache()

ktransformers/optimize/optimize_rules/DeepSeek-V2-Chat-multi-gpu-4.yaml

-- match:
-    name: "^model\\.layers\\.([0-9])\\."
-  replace:
-    class: "default"
-    kwargs:
-      generate_device: "cuda:0"
-      prefill_device: "cuda:0"
-- match:
-    name: "(^model\\.layers\\.([1][0-9])\\.)"
-  replace:
-    class: "default"
-    kwargs:
-      generate_device: "cuda:1"
-      prefill_device: "cuda:1"
-- match:
-    name: "(^model\\.layers\\.([2][0-9])\\.)"
-  replace:
-    class: "default"
-    kwargs:
-      generate_device: "cuda:2"
-      prefill_device: "cuda:2"
-- match:
-    name: "(^model\\.layers\\.([345][0-9])\\.)|(^model.norm)|(^lm_head)"
-  replace:
-    class: "default"
-    kwargs:
-      generate_device: "cuda:3"
-      prefill_device: "cuda:3"
-
 - match:
     name: "^model.embed_tokens"
   replace:
@@ -69,7 +40,7 @@
       prefill_device: "cuda:3"
 
 - match:
-    name: "^model\\.layers\\.([1][0-9])\\.(?!self_attn).*$"  # regular expression 
+    name: "^model\\.layers\\.([0-9])\\.(?!self_attn).*$"  # regular expression 
     class: torch.nn.Linear  # only match modules matching name and class simultaneously
   replace:
     class: ktransformers.operators.linear.KTransformerLinear  # optimized Kernel on quantized data types
@@ -226,3 +197,32 @@
         10: "cuda:1"
         20: "cuda:2"
         30: "cuda:3"
+
+- match:
+    name: "^model\\.layers\\.([0-9])\\."
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda:0"
+      prefill_device: "cuda:0"
+- match:
+    name: "(^model\\.layers\\.([1][0-9])\\.)"
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda:1"
+      prefill_device: "cuda:1"
+- match:
+    name: "(^model\\.layers\\.([2][0-9])\\.)"
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda:2"
+      prefill_device: "cuda:2"
+- match:
+    name: "(^model\\.layers\\.([345][0-9])\\.)|(^model.norm)|(^lm_head)"
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda:3"
+      prefill_device: "cuda:3"
\ No newline at end of file

ktransformers/optimize/optimize_rules/DeepSeek-V2-Chat-multi-gpu.yaml

-- match:
-    name: "^model\\.layers\\.(0|[1-9]|[12][0-9])\\."
-  replace:
-    class: "default"
-    kwargs:
-      generate_device: "cuda:0"
-      prefill_device: "cuda:0"
-
-- match:
-    name: "(^model\\.layers\\.([345][0-9])\\.)|(model.norm)|(lm_head)"
-  replace:
-    class: "default"
-    kwargs:
-      generate_device: "cuda:1"
-      prefill_device: "cuda:1"
-
 - match:
     name: "^model.embed_tokens"
   replace:
@@ -124,3 +108,19 @@
       per_layer_prefill_intput_threshold: 0 # 0 is close layer wise prefill
       transfer_map: 
         30: "cuda:1"
+
+- match:
+    name: "^model\\.layers\\.(0|[1-9]|[12][0-9])\\."
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda:0"
+      prefill_device: "cuda:0"
+
+- match:
+    name: "(^model\\.layers\\.([345][0-9])\\.)|(model.norm)|(lm_head)"
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda:1"
+      prefill_device: "cuda:1"
\ No newline at end of file

ktransformers/optimize/optimize_rules/DeepSeek-V2-Chat.yaml

 - match:
-    name: "^model\\.layers\\..*\\.|^lm_head"
+    class: ktransformers.models.modeling_deepseek.DeepseekV2YarnRotaryEmbedding
   replace:
-    class: "default"
+    class: ktransformers.operators.RoPE.YarnRotaryEmbedding
     kwargs:
       generate_device: "cuda"
       prefill_device: "cuda"
-- match:
-    class: ktransformers.models.modeling_deepseek.DeepseekV2YarnRotaryEmbedding
-  replace:
-    class: ktransformers.operators.RoPE.YarnRotaryEmbedding
+#- match:
+#    name: "^model\\.layers\\.([1-5][0-9])\\.mlp\\.shared_experts.*$"  # regular expression 
+#    class: torch.nn.Linear  # only match modules matching name and class simultaneously
+#  replace:
+#    class: ktransformers.operators.linear.KTransformerLinear  # optimized Kernel on quantized data types
+#    kwargs:
+#      generate_device: "cpu"
+#      prefill_device: "cuda"
+#      generate_op: "QuantizedLinearCPUInfer"
+#      prefill_op: "QuantizedLinearTorch"
+#      out_device: "cuda"
 - match:
     name: "^model\\.layers\\.(?!.*self_attn).*$"  # regular expression 
     class: torch.nn.Linear  # only match modules matching name and class simultaneously
@@ -24,6 +31,9 @@
     class: ktransformers.models.modeling_deepseek.DeepseekV2MoE
   replace:
     class: ktransformers.operators.experts.DeepseekV2MoEInjected     # mlp module with custom forward function
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda"
+      prefill_device: "cuda"
 - match:
     name: "^model\\.layers\\..*\\.mlp\\.experts$"
   replace:
@@ -39,11 +49,16 @@
     name: "^model\\.layers\\..*\\.self_attn$"
   replace:
     class: ktransformers.operators.attention.DeepseekV2AttentionInjected # optimized MLA implementation
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda"
+      prefill_device: "cuda"
 - match:
     name: "^model$"
   replace:
     class: "ktransformers.operators.layer_wise_prefill.DeepseekV2ModelKTransformers"
     kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda"
+      prefill_device: "cuda"
       per_layer_prefill_intput_threshold: 0 # 0 is close layer wise prefill
 - match:
     name: "^model.embed_tokens"

ktransformers/optimize/optimize_rules/DeepSeek-V2-Lite-Chat-multi-gpu.yaml

-- match:
-    name: "^model\\.layers\\.(0|[1-9])\\."
-  replace:
-    class: "default"
-    kwargs:
-      generate_device: "cuda:0"
-      prefill_device: "cuda:0"
-
-- match:
-    name: "(^model\\.layers\\.([12][0-9])\\.)|(model.norm)|(lm_head)"
-  replace:
-    class: "default"
-    kwargs:
-      generate_device: "cuda:1"
-      prefill_device: "cuda:1"
-
 - match:
     name: "^model.embed_tokens"
   replace:
@@ -124,3 +108,19 @@
       per_layer_prefill_intput_threshold: 0 # 0 is close layer wise prefill
       transfer_map: 
         10: "cuda:1"
+
+- match:
+    name: "^model\\.layers\\.(0|[1-9])\\."
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda:0"
+      prefill_device: "cuda:0"
+
+- match:
+    name: "(^model\\.layers\\.([12][0-9])\\.)|(model.norm)|(lm_head)"
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda:1"
+      prefill_device: "cuda:1"
\ No newline at end of file

ktransformers/optimize/optimize_rules/Mixtral.yaml

 - match:
-    name: "^model\\.layers\\..*\\."
+    class: ktransformers.models.modeling_mixtral.MixtralRotaryEmbedding
   replace:
-    class: "default"
+    class: ktransformers.operators.RoPE.RotaryEmbedding
     kwargs:
       generate_device: "cuda"
       prefill_device: "cuda"
-- match:
-    class: ktransformers.models.modeling_mixtral.MixtralRotaryEmbedding
-  replace:
-    class: ktransformers.operators.RoPE.RotaryEmbedding
 - match:
     name: "^model\\.layers\\..*$"
     class: torch.nn.Linear  # only match modules matching name and class simultaneously
@@ -43,3 +39,11 @@
     kwargs:
         generate_device: "cpu"
         prefill_device: "cpu"
+
+- match:
+    name: "^model\\.layers\\..*\\."
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda"
+      prefill_device: "cuda"
\ No newline at end of file

ktransformers/optimize/optimize_rules/Qwen2-57B-A14B-Instruct-multi-gpu.yaml

-- match:
-    name: "^model\\.layers\\.([012])\\."
-  replace:
-    class: "default"
-    kwargs:
-      generate_device: "cuda:0"
-      prefill_device: "cuda:0"
 - match:
     name: "^model\\.layers\\.([012])\\."
     class: ktransformers.models.modeling_qwen2_moe.Qwen2MoeRotaryEmbedding
@@ -41,13 +34,6 @@
       out_device: "cuda:0"
   recursive: False # don't recursively inject submodules of this module
 
-- match:
-    name: "^model\\.layers\\.([12][0-9]|[3-9])\\."
-  replace:
-    class: "default"
-    kwargs:
-      generate_device: "cuda:1"
-      prefill_device: "cuda:1"
 - match:
     name: "^model\\.layers\\.([12][0-9]|[3-9])\\."
     class: ktransformers.models.modeling_qwen2_moe.Qwen2MoeRotaryEmbedding
@@ -109,3 +95,18 @@
       transfer_map: 
         3: "cuda:1"
 
+- match:
+    name: "^model\\.layers\\.([012])\\."
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda:0"
+      prefill_device: "cuda:0"
+
+- match:
+    name: "^model\\.layers\\.([12][0-9]|[3-9])\\."
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda:1"
+      prefill_device: "cuda:1"
\ No newline at end of file

ktransformers/optimize/optimize_rules/Qwen2-57B-A14B-Instruct.yaml

 - match:
-    name: "^model\\.layers\\..*\\."
+    class: ktransformers.models.modeling_qwen2_moe.Qwen2MoeRotaryEmbedding
   replace:
-    class: "default"
+    class: ktransformers.operators.RoPE.RotaryEmbedding
     kwargs:
       generate_device: "cuda"
       prefill_device: "cuda"
-- match:
-    class: ktransformers.models.modeling_qwen2_moe.Qwen2MoeRotaryEmbedding
-  replace:
-    class: ktransformers.operators.RoPE.RotaryEmbedding
 - match:
     name: "^model\\.layers\\..*$"  # regular expression 
     class: torch.nn.Linear  # only match modules matching name and class simultaneously
@@ -24,6 +20,9 @@
     class: ktransformers.models.modeling_qwen2_moe.Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock
   replace:
     class: ktransformers.operators.experts.Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlockInjected     # mlp module with custom forward function
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda"
+      prefill_device: "cuda"
 - match:
     name: "^model\\.layers\\..*\\.mlp\\.experts$"
   replace:
@@ -49,3 +48,10 @@
     kwargs:
         generate_device: "cpu"
         prefill_device: "cpu"
+- match:
+    name: "^model\\.layers\\..*\\."
+  replace:
+    class: "default"
+    kwargs:
+      generate_device: "cuda"
+      prefill_device: "cuda"
\ No newline at end of file

ktransformers/server/backend/interfaces/ktransformers.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from ktransformers.optimize.optimize import optimize_and_load_gguf
 from ktransformers.models.custom_cache import StaticCache
 from ktransformers.util.cuda_graph_runner import CUDAGraphRunner
 from ktransformers.local_chat import custom_models, default_optimize_rules
+from ktransformers.util.utils import get_device
 
 
 class KTransformersThreadContext(TransformersThreadContext):
@@ -48,8 +49,11 @@ class KTransformersInterface(TransformersInterface):
     
     def decode_one_tokens(self):
         if not hasattr(self, "cuda_graph_runner"):
+            device_map = self.model.gguf_loader.tensor_device_map
+            torch_device = get_device('blk.0.self_attn', device_map)
+            torch_device = "cuda:0" if torch_device == "cuda" else torch_device
             self.cuda_graph_runner = CUDAGraphRunner()
-            self.cuda_graph_runner.capture(self.model, self.current_ids, self.active_cache_position.unsqueeze(0), self.active_cache_position, self.cache, return_dict=False, use_cache=True)
+            self.cuda_graph_runner.capture(self.model, self.current_ids, self.active_cache_position.unsqueeze(0), self.active_cache_position, self.cache, main_device=torch_device, return_dict=False, use_cache=True)
         
         if hasattr(self, "cuda_graph_runner"):
             logits = self.cuda_graph_runner(self.current_ids, self.active_cache_position.unsqueeze(0), self.active_cache_position)

ktransformers/util/utils.py

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def prefill_and_generate(model, tokenizer, inputs, max_new_tokens=10000, use_cud
     os.environ["TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM"] = "false"
     torch._dynamo.config.suppress_errors = True
     batch_size, seq_length = inputs.shape
-    device_map = model.config.gguf_loader.tensor_device_map
+    device_map = model.gguf_loader.tensor_device_map
     torch_device = get_device('blk.0.self_attn', device_map)
     torch_device = "cuda:0" if torch_device == "cuda" else torch_device
     inputs = inputs.to(torch_device)