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# Multimodal Support

TRTLLM supports multimodal models with dynamo. You can provide multimodal inputs in the following ways:

- By sending image URLs
- By providing paths to pre-computed embedding files

Please note that you should provide **either image URLs or embedding file paths** in a single request.

## Aggregated

Here are quick steps to launch Llama-4 Maverick BF16 in aggregated mode
```bash
cd $DYNAMO_HOME

export AGG_ENGINE_ARGS=./examples/backends/trtllm/engine_configs/llama4/multimodal/agg.yaml
export SERVED_MODEL_NAME="meta-llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct"
export MODEL_PATH="meta-llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct"
./launch/agg.sh
```
## Example Requests

### With Image URL

Below is an example of an image being sent to `Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct` model

Request :
```bash
curl localhost:8000/v1/chat/completions -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
    "model": "meta-llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct",
    "messages": [
        {
            "role": "user",
            "content": [
                {
                    "type": "text",
                    "text": "Describe the image"
                },
                {
                    "type": "image_url",
                    "image_url": {
                        "url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/diffusers/inpaint.png"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "stream": false,
    "max_tokens": 160
}'
```
Response :

```
{"id":"unknown-id","choices":[{"index":0,"message":{"content":"The image depicts a serene landscape featuring a large rock formation, likely El Capitan in Yosemite National Park, California. The scene is characterized by a winding road that curves from the bottom-right corner towards the center-left of the image, with a few rocks and trees lining its edge.\n\n**Key Features:**\n\n* **Rock Formation:** A prominent, tall, and flat-topped rock formation dominates the center of the image.\n* **Road:** A paved road winds its way through the landscape, curving from the bottom-right corner towards the center-left.\n* **Trees and Rocks:** Trees are visible on both sides of the road, with rocks scattered along the left side.\n* **Sky:** The sky above is blue, dotted with white clouds.\n* **Atmosphere:** The overall atmosphere of the","refusal":null,"tool_calls":null,"role":"assistant","function_call":null,"audio":null},"finish_reason":"stop","logprobs":null}],"created":1753322607,"model":"meta-llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct","service_tier":null,"system_fingerprint":null,"object":"chat.completion","usage":null}
```

## Disaggregated

Here are quick steps to launch in disaggregated mode.

The following is an example of launching a model in disaggregated mode. While this example uses `Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct`, you can adapt it for other models by modifying the environment variables for the model path and engine configurations.
```bash
cd $DYNAMO_HOME

export MODEL_PATH=${MODEL_PATH:-"Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct"}
export SERVED_MODEL_NAME=${SERVED_MODEL_NAME:-"Qwen/Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct"}
export PREFILL_ENGINE_ARGS=${PREFILL_ENGINE_ARGS:-"examples/backends/trtllm/engine_configs/qwen2-vl-7b-instruct/prefill.yaml"}
export DECODE_ENGINE_ARGS=${DECODE_ENGINE_ARGS:-"examples/backends/trtllm/engine_configs/qwen2-vl-7b-instruct/decode.yaml"}
export MODALITY=${MODALITY:-"multimodal"}

./launch/disagg.sh
```

For a large model like `meta-llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct`, a multi-node setup is required for disaggregated serving, while aggregated serving can run on a single node. This is because the model with a disaggregated configuration is too large to fit on a single node's GPUs. For instance, running this model in disaggregated mode requires a setup of 2 nodes with 8xH200 GPUs or 4 nodes with 4xGB200 GPUs.

In general, disaggregated serving can run on a single node, provided the model fits on the GPU. The multi-node requirement in this example is specific to the size and configuration of the `meta-llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct` model.

To deploy `Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct` in disaggregated mode, you will need to follow the multi-node setup instructions, which can be found [here](./multinode/multinode-multimodal-example.md).

## Pre-computed Embeddings with EPD Flow

For high-performance multimodal inference, Dynamo supports pre-computed embeddings with an **Encode-Prefill-Decode (EPD)** flow using **NIXL (RDMA)** for zero-copy tensor transfer.

### Supported File Types

- `.pt` - PyTorch tensor files
- `.pth` - PyTorch checkpoint files
- `.bin` - Binary tensor files

### How to Launch

```bash
cd $DYNAMO_HOME/examples/backends/trtllm

# Launch 3-worker EPD flow with NIXL
./launch/epd_disagg.sh
```

> **Note:** This script is designed for 8-node H200 with `Llama-4-Scout-17B-16E-Instruct` model and assumes you have a model-specific embedding file ready.

### Configuration

```bash
# Encode endpoint for Prefill → Encode communication
export ENCODE_ENDPOINT="dyn://dynamo.tensorrt_llm_encode.generate"

# Security: Allowed directory for embedding files (default: /tmp)
export ALLOWED_LOCAL_MEDIA_PATH="/tmp"

# Security: Max file size to prevent DoS attacks (default: 50MB)
export MAX_FILE_SIZE_MB=50
```

### Example Request

```bash
curl localhost:8000/v1/chat/completions -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
    "model": "meta-llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct",
    "messages": [
        {
            "role": "user",
            "content": [
                {"type": "text", "text": "Describe the image"},
                {"type": "image_url", "image_url": {"url": "/path/to/embedding.pt"}}
            ]
        }
    ],
    "max_tokens": 160
}'
```

### Architecture

The EPD flow implements a **3-worker architecture**:

- **Encode Worker**: Loads pre-computed embeddings, transfers via NIXL
- **Prefill Worker**: Receives embeddings, handles context processing and KV-cache generation
- **Decode Worker**: Performs streaming token generation

### Request Flow

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Frontend
    participant PrefillWorker as "Prefill Worker"
    participant EncodeWorker as "Encode Worker"
    participant DecodeWorker as "Decode Worker"
    participant NIXL as "NIXL (RDMA)"

    Client->>Frontend: POST /v1/chat/completions
    Frontend->>PrefillWorker: Route to prefill worker
    PrefillWorker->>EncodeWorker: Send request (embedding paths)
    EncodeWorker->>NIXL: Create readable operation
    EncodeWorker->>PrefillWorker: Send metadata + NIXL info
    PrefillWorker->>NIXL: Begin read operation
    NIXL-->>PrefillWorker: Zero-copy transfer complete
    PrefillWorker->>Frontend: Return prefill response
    Frontend->>DecodeWorker: Route to decode worker
    DecodeWorker->>Frontend: Stream response chunks
    Frontend->>Client: Stream response
```

## Supported Multimodal Models

Multimodal models listed in [TensorRT-LLM supported models](https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM/blob/main/docs/source/models/supported-models.md) are supported by Dynamo.