---
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025-2026 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
title: Agents
subtitle: Workload-aware inference with agentic hints for routing, scheduling, and KV cache Management
---

### Gaps with workload-agnostic inference

Agentic LLM inference is [dominated by KV-cache storage and I/O](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21548) rather than computation; without leveraging the predictable structure of agent lifecycles, we leave significant optimizations on the table.
Three gaps stand out with current workflows:

1. **Reactive vs. proactive:** Current runtimes do not use signals from the harness about what will happen next—e.g. that a "Plan" step is done and "Execute" steps are coming—so they cannot prefetch, pin, or schedule proactively.

2. **All KV-cache blocks treated equally:** Generic eviction (e.g. LRU) does not distinguish high-value, long-lived context (system prompt, tool definitions) from ephemeral context (chain-of-thought, scratchpad).

3. **Workload-agnostic scheduling:** Agents have predictable structure. Tools and system prompts repeat across turns, shallow vs. deep research have different latency needs, and the orchestrator knows which phase comes next.



## Dynamo as an Agentic Runtime

Dynamo exposes **agentic hints** and uses them at the frontend API, router, and backend scheduling layers. Together, these enable workload-aware inference instead of generic, state-of-the-moment optimization.

### Agentic Hints

Agentic hints are per-request metadata that the agent client (e.g. Claude Code, Codex, [NeMo Agent Toolkit](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo-Agent-Toolkit)) sends to Dynamo's frontend. They are carried in the request body under [**nvext**](../components/frontend/nvext.md#agent-hints) on chat completions. The frontend parses them and passes them to the KV router and, where applicable, to backends.

- **Flow:** Harness sets hints in the request → Dynamo frontend parses `nvext` into routing hints → KV router uses them for queue ordering and worker selection → backends use them for priority scheduling and cache eviction.

![Agentic workflow: Harness → hints in request → Dynamo frontend → routing hints → KV router (queue order, worker choice) → backend](../assets/img/agentic-hints-workflow.svg)

The request body includes `nvext.agent_hints` for routing and scheduling metadata; the frontend passes those hints to the KV router for queue ordering and worker selection.

| Hint | Description |
|------|-------------|
| `priority` | Unified request priority. Higher values move the request earlier in the router queue and are forwarded to the backend for scheduling and priority-based eviction. |
| `osl` | Expected output sequence length (tokens). Used by the router for output block tracking and load-balancing accuracy when `--router-track-output-blocks` is enabled. |
| `speculative_prefill` | When true, after the assistant turn completes the system prefills the predicted next-turn prefix (conversation history + assistant text, e.g. thinking stripped) to warm the KV cache for the next request. |
| `program_id` | (Planned) Identifies the agentic program for program-level metrics and cache affinity. |
| `context_type` | (Planned) Semantic type (e.g. system prompt, tool definition, reasoning branch) for context-aware eviction. |

## Feature matrix

| Feature | vLLM | SGLang | TensorRT-LLM |
|---------|:----:|:------:|:-------------:|
| Priority-based cache eviction | 🚧 | ✅ | 🚧 |
| Cache prefetching | | 🚧 | |
| Subagent / thinking-aware cache eviction | | 🚧 | |
| Speculative prefill | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| Priority-aware routing | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |

🚧 = Work in progress or experimental.

### Using Dynamo from LangChain

Dynamo is now supported directly in LangChain using the [NVIDIA AI Endpoints integration](https://docs.langchain.com/oss/python/integrations/chat/nvidia_ai_endpoints#use-with-nvidia-dynamo). Configure the chat model to use the Dynamo endpoint and pass agent hints directly from the LangChain client.



## Features (experimental)

### KV cache optimizations

- **Priority-based KV cache eviction:** Instead of evicting by LRU alone, the backend can evict **low-priority** cache entries first when the GPU (and, with HiCache, host) cache is full. The `priority` value in `nvext.agent_hints` is forwarded to the engine; with SGLang, enable `--enable-priority-scheduling` and `--radix-eviction-policy priority`.

- **Cache prefetching (future work):** Using the predictable agentic lifecycle (e.g. parent-child subagents, known next turn), Dynamo could proactively prefetch or move KV cache to a different worker so that the next request hits warm cache.

### Speculative prefill

After a turn finishes, the system can send a **speculative** `max_tokens=1` prefill with the **predicted next-turn prefix** (conversation history + assistant text, e.g. thinking stripped) to the same worker. When the real next request arrives, it hits a warm KV cache. Per-turn TTFT on turns 2+ can drop significantly (e.g. up to ~3× in [multiturn benchmarks](https://github.com/ai-dynamo/dynamo/blob/main/lib/bench/src/bin/README.md)). This can be extended so that Dynamo automatically sends tools and system prompt for subagents to a worker in advance, so subagent requests always hit warm cache.

### Priority-aware routing

When `--router-queue-threshold` is set, the router maintains a priority queue. Requests with higher `priority` are treated as if they arrived earlier, so they are scheduled ahead of bulk or background work. Under load, this keeps median latency low for user-facing agent turns while background work can tolerate higher latency. For a runnable demo and results, see [NeMo Agent Toolkit priority demo](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo-Agent-Toolkit/tree/develop/examples/dynamo_integration/latency_sensitivity_demo).

---

## See also

- [NeMo Agent Toolkit — Dynamo integration](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo-Agent-Toolkit/tree/develop/examples/dynamo_integration)
- [Context engineering for AI agents (Manus)](https://manus.im/blog/Context-Engineering-for-AI-Agents-Lessons-from-Building-Manus)
- [Stateful runtime for agents (OpenAI/Bedrock)](https://openai.com/index/introducing-the-stateful-runtime-environment-for-agents-in-amazon-bedrock/)
- [Claude Code's Prompt Caching](https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/build-with-claude/prompt-caching)
