.. _guide-minibatch-custom-gnn-module:

6.5 Implementing Custom GNN Module for Mini-batch Training
-------------------------------------------------------------

If you were familiar with how to write a custom GNN module for updating
the entire graph for homogeneous or heterogeneous graphs (see
:ref:`guide-nn`), the code for computing on
blocks is similar, with the exception that the nodes are divided into
input nodes and output nodes.

For example, consider the following custom graph convolution module
code. Note that it is not necessarily among the most efficient implementations
- they only serve for an example of how a custom GNN module could look
like.

.. code:: python

    class CustomGraphConv(nn.Module):
        def __init__(self, in_feats, out_feats):
            super().__init__()
            self.W = nn.Linear(in_feats * 2, out_feats)
    
        def forward(self, g, h):
            with g.local_scope():
                g.ndata['h'] = h
                g.update_all(fn.copy_u('h', 'm'), fn.mean('m', 'h_neigh'))
                return self.W(torch.cat([g.ndata['h'], g.ndata['h_neigh']], 1))

If you have a custom message passing NN module for the full graph, and
you would like to make it work for blocks, you only need to rewrite the
forward function as follows. Note that the corresponding statements from
the full-graph implementation are commented; you can compare the
original statements with the new statements.

.. code:: python

    class CustomGraphConv(nn.Module):
        def __init__(self, in_feats, out_feats):
            super().__init__()
            self.W = nn.Linear(in_feats * 2, out_feats)
    
        # h is now a pair of feature tensors for input and output nodes, instead of
        # a single feature tensor.
        # def forward(self, g, h):
        def forward(self, block, h):
            # with g.local_scope():
            with block.local_scope():
                # g.ndata['h'] = h
                h_src = h
                h_dst = h[:block.number_of_dst_nodes()]
                block.srcdata['h'] = h_src
                block.dstdata['h'] = h_dst
    
                # g.update_all(fn.copy_u('h', 'm'), fn.mean('m', 'h_neigh'))
                block.update_all(fn.copy_u('h', 'm'), fn.mean('m', 'h_neigh'))
    
                # return self.W(torch.cat([g.ndata['h'], g.ndata['h_neigh']], 1))
                return self.W(torch.cat(
                    [block.dstdata['h'], block.dstdata['h_neigh']], 1))

In general, you need to do the following to make your NN module work for
blocks.

-  Obtain the features for output nodes from the input features by
   slicing the first few rows. The number of rows can be obtained by
   :meth:`block.number_of_dst_nodes <dgl.DGLHeteroGraph.number_of_dst_nodes>`.
-  Replace
   :attr:`g.ndata <dgl.DGLHeteroGraph.ndata>` with either
   :attr:`block.srcdata <dgl.DGLHeteroGraph.srcdata>` for features on input nodes or
   :attr:`block.dstdata <dgl.DGLHeteroGraph.dstdata>` for features on output nodes, if
   the original graph has only one node type.
-  Replace
   :attr:`g.nodes <dgl.DGLHeteroGraph.nodes>` with either
   :attr:`block.srcnodes <dgl.DGLHeteroGraph.srcnodes>` for features on input nodes or
   :attr:`block.dstnodes <dgl.DGLHeteroGraph.dstnodes>` for features on output nodes,
   if the original graph has multiple node types.
-  Replace
   :meth:`g.number_of_nodes <dgl.DGLHeteroGraph.number_of_nodes>` with either
   :meth:`block.number_of_src_nodes <dgl.DGLHeteroGraph.number_of_src_nodes>` or
   :meth:`block.number_of_dst_nodes <dgl.DGLHeteroGraph.number_of_dst_nodes>` for the number of
   input nodes or output nodes respectively.

Heterogeneous graphs
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

For heterogeneous graph the way of writing custom GNN modules is
similar. For instance, consider the following module that work on full
graph.

.. code:: python

    class CustomHeteroGraphConv(nn.Module):
        def __init__(self, g, in_feats, out_feats):
            super().__init__()
            self.Ws = nn.ModuleDict()
            for etype in g.canonical_etypes:
                utype, _, vtype = etype
                self.Ws[etype] = nn.Linear(in_feats[utype], out_feats[vtype])
            for ntype in g.ntypes:
                self.Vs[ntype] = nn.Linear(in_feats[ntype], out_feats[ntype])
    
        def forward(self, g, h):
            with g.local_scope():
                for ntype in g.ntypes:
                    g.nodes[ntype].data['h_dst'] = self.Vs[ntype](h[ntype])
                    g.nodes[ntype].data['h_src'] = h[ntype]
                for etype in g.canonical_etypes:
                    utype, _, vtype = etype
                    g.update_all(
                        fn.copy_u('h_src', 'm'), fn.mean('m', 'h_neigh'),
                        etype=etype)
                    g.nodes[vtype].data['h_dst'] = g.nodes[vtype].data['h_dst'] + \
                        self.Ws[etype](g.nodes[vtype].data['h_neigh'])
                return {ntype: g.nodes[ntype].data['h_dst'] for ntype in g.ntypes}

For ``CustomHeteroGraphConv``, the principle is to replace ``g.nodes``
with ``g.srcnodes`` or ``g.dstnodes`` depend on whether the features
serve for input or output.

.. code:: python

    class CustomHeteroGraphConv(nn.Module):
        def __init__(self, g, in_feats, out_feats):
            super().__init__()
            self.Ws = nn.ModuleDict()
            for etype in g.canonical_etypes:
                utype, _, vtype = etype
                self.Ws[etype] = nn.Linear(in_feats[utype], out_feats[vtype])
            for ntype in g.ntypes:
                self.Vs[ntype] = nn.Linear(in_feats[ntype], out_feats[ntype])
    
        def forward(self, g, h):
            with g.local_scope():
                for ntype in g.ntypes:
                    h_src, h_dst = h[ntype]
                    g.dstnodes[ntype].data['h_dst'] = self.Vs[ntype](h[ntype])
                    g.srcnodes[ntype].data['h_src'] = h[ntype]
                for etype in g.canonical_etypes:
                    utype, _, vtype = etype
                    g.update_all(
                        fn.copy_u('h_src', 'm'), fn.mean('m', 'h_neigh'),
                        etype=etype)
                    g.dstnodes[vtype].data['h_dst'] = \
                        g.dstnodes[vtype].data['h_dst'] + \
                        self.Ws[etype](g.dstnodes[vtype].data['h_neigh'])
                return {ntype: g.dstnodes[ntype].data['h_dst']
                        for ntype in g.ntypes}

Writing modules that work on homogeneous graphs, bipartite graphs, and blocks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

All message passing modules in DGL work on homogeneous graphs,
unidirectional bipartite graphs (that have two node types and one edge
type), and a block with one edge type. Essentially, the input graph and
feature of a builtin DGL neural network module must satisfy either of
the following cases.

-  If the input feature is a pair of tensors, then the input graph must
   be unidirectional bipartite.
-  If the input feature is a single tensor and the input graph is a
   block, DGL will automatically set the feature on the output nodes as
   the first few rows of the input node features.
-  If the input feature must be a single tensor and the input graph is
   not a block, then the input graph must be homogeneous.

For example, the following is simplified from the PyTorch implementation
of :class:`dgl.nn.pytorch.SAGEConv` (also available in MXNet and Tensorflow)
(removing normalization and dealing with only mean aggregation etc.).

.. code:: python

    import dgl.function as fn
    class SAGEConv(nn.Module):
        def __init__(self, in_feats, out_feats):
            super().__init__()
            self.W = nn.Linear(in_feats * 2, out_feats)
    
        def forward(self, g, h):
            if isinstance(h, tuple):
                h_src, h_dst = h
            elif g.is_block:
                h_src = h
                h_dst = h[:g.number_of_dst_nodes()]
            else:
                h_src = h_dst = h
                 
            g.srcdata['h'] = h_src
            g.dstdata['h'] = h_dst
            g.update_all(fn.copy_u('h', 'm'), fn.sum('m', 'h_neigh'))
            return F.relu(
                self.W(torch.cat([g.dstdata['h'], g.dstdata['h_neigh']], 1)))

:ref:`guide-nn` also provides a walkthrough on :class:`dgl.nn.pytorch.SAGEConv`,
which works on unidirectional bipartite graphs, homogeneous graphs, and blocks.


