from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import torch
from torch.nn import BCEWithLogitsLoss, CrossEntropyLoss, MSELoss
from transformers.modeling_outputs import (
    BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions,
    CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions,
    QuestionAnsweringModelOutput,
    SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast,
    TokenClassifierOutput,
)
from transformers.models.gpt2.modeling_gpt2 import (
    GPT2DoubleHeadsModel,
    GPT2DoubleHeadsModelOutput,
    GPT2ForQuestionAnswering,
    GPT2ForSequenceClassification,
    GPT2ForTokenClassification,
    GPT2LMHeadModel,
    GPT2Model,
)
from transformers.utils import logging

from colossalai.pipeline.stage_manager import PipelineStageManager
from colossalai.shardformer.layer._operation import gather_forward_split_backward, split_forward_gather_backward
from colossalai.shardformer.shard import ShardConfig


class GPT2PipelineForwards:
    '''
    This class serves as a micro library for forward function substitution of GPT2 models
    under pipeline setting.
    '''

    @staticmethod
    def gpt2_model_forward(
            self: GPT2Model,
            input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
            attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
            encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
            return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
            stage_manager: Optional[PipelineStageManager] = None,
            hidden_states: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            stage_index: Optional[List[int]] = None,
            shard_config: ShardConfig = None) -> Union[Dict, Tuple, BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions]:

        # This function is modified on the basis of transformers.models.gpt2.modeling_gpt2.GPT2Model.forward.
        # Please refer to original code of transformers for more details.

        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)

        # Preprocess passed in arguments
        # TODO(baizhou): left the recording kv-value tensors as () or None type, this feature may be added in the future.
        if past_key_values:
            logger.warning_once('Non-empty past_key_values is not supported for pipeline models at the moment.')
            past_key_values = None
        if output_attentions:
            logger.warning_once('output_attentions=True is not supported for pipeline models at the moment.')
            output_attentions = False
        if output_hidden_states:
            logger.warning_once('output_hidden_states=True is not supported for pipeline models at the moment.')
            output_hidden_states = False
        if use_cache:
            logger.warning_once('use_cache=True is not supported for pipeline models at the moment.')
            use_cache = False

        if stage_manager.is_first_stage():
            if input_ids is not None and inputs_embeds is not None:
                raise ValueError("You cannot specify both input_ids and inputs_embeds at the same time")
            elif input_ids is not None:
                input_shape = input_ids.size()
                input_ids = input_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
                batch_size = input_ids.shape[0]
            elif inputs_embeds is not None:
                input_shape = inputs_embeds.size()[:-1]
                batch_size = inputs_embeds.shape[0]
            else:
                raise ValueError("You have to specify either input_ids or inputs_embeds")

            device = input_ids.device if input_ids is not None else inputs_embeds.device
            if token_type_ids is not None:
                token_type_ids = token_type_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
        else:
            if hidden_states is None:
                raise ValueError("hidden_states shouldn't be None for stages other than the first stage.")
            input_shape = hidden_states.size()[:-1]
            device = hidden_states.device
            hidden_states = hidden_states.view((-1,) + hidden_states.shape[-2:])
            batch_size = hidden_states.shape[0]

        # GPT2Attention mask.
        if attention_mask is not None:
            if batch_size <= 0:
                raise ValueError("batch_size has to be defined and > 0")
            attention_mask = attention_mask.view(batch_size, -1)
            # We create a 3D attention mask from a 2D tensor mask.
            # Sizes are [batch_size, 1, 1, to_seq_length]
            # So we can broadcast to [batch_size, num_heads, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
            # this attention mask is more simple than the triangular masking of causal attention
            # used in OpenAI GPT, we just need to prepare the broadcast dimension here.
            attention_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]

            # Since attention_mask is 1.0 for positions we want to attend and 0.0 for
            # masked positions, this operation will create a tensor which is 0.0 for
            # positions we want to attend and the dtype's smallest value for masked positions.
            # Since we are adding it to the raw scores before the softmax, this is
            # effectively the same as removing these entirely.
            attention_mask = attention_mask.to(dtype=self.dtype)    # fp16 compatibility
            attention_mask = (1.0 - attention_mask) * torch.finfo(self.dtype).min

        # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
        # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
        if self.config.add_cross_attention and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
            encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length, _ = encoder_hidden_states.size()
            encoder_hidden_shape = (encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length)
            if encoder_attention_mask is None:
                encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(encoder_hidden_shape, device=device)
            encoder_attention_mask = self.invert_attention_mask(encoder_attention_mask)
        else:
            encoder_attention_mask = None

        # Prepare head mask if needed
        # 1.0 in head_mask indicate we keep the head
        # attention_probs has shape bsz x n_heads x N x N
        # head_mask has shape n_layer x batch x n_heads x N x N
        head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.n_layer)

        if stage_manager.is_first_stage():
            if position_ids is not None:
                position_ids = position_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
            else:
                position_ids = torch.arange(0, input_shape[-1], dtype=torch.long, device=device)
                position_ids = position_ids.unsqueeze(0).view(-1, input_shape[-1])

            if inputs_embeds is None:
                inputs_embeds = self.wte(input_ids)
            position_embeds = self.wpe(position_ids)
            hidden_states = inputs_embeds + position_embeds
            if token_type_ids is not None:
                token_type_embeds = self.wte(token_type_ids)
                hidden_states = hidden_states + token_type_embeds
            hidden_states = self.drop(hidden_states)

        output_shape = input_shape + (hidden_states.size(-1),)

        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
            if use_cache:
                logger.warning_once(
                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`...")
                use_cache = False
        presents = () if use_cache else None
        all_self_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
        all_cross_attentions = () if output_attentions and self.config.add_cross_attention else None
        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None

        # split the input tensor along sequence dimension
        # [batch_size, seq_len, hidden_size] -> [batch_size, seq_len/TP_size, hidden_size]
        if shard_config.enable_sequence_parallelism:
            hidden_states = split_forward_gather_backward(hidden_states,
                                                          dim=1,
                                                          process_group=shard_config.tensor_parallel_process_group)

        # Going through held blocks.
        start_idx, end_idx = stage_index[0], stage_index[1]
        for i in range(start_idx, end_idx):
            block = self.h[i]
            torch.cuda.set_device(hidden_states.device)
            # Ensure that attention_mask is always on the same device as hidden_states
            if attention_mask is not None:
                attention_mask = attention_mask.to(hidden_states.device)
            if isinstance(head_mask, torch.Tensor):
                head_mask = head_mask.to(hidden_states.device)
            if output_hidden_states:
                all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:

                def create_custom_forward(module):

                    def custom_forward(*inputs):
                        # None for past_key_value
                        return module(*inputs, use_cache, output_attentions)

                    return custom_forward

                outputs = torch.utils.checkpoint.checkpoint(
                    create_custom_forward(block),
                    hidden_states,
                    None,
                    attention_mask,
                    head_mask[i],
                    encoder_hidden_states,
                    encoder_attention_mask,
                )
            else:
                outputs = block(
                    hidden_states,
                    layer_past=None,
                    attention_mask=attention_mask,
                    head_mask=head_mask[i],
                    encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                    encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                    use_cache=use_cache,
                    output_attentions=output_attentions,
                )

            hidden_states = outputs[0]
            if use_cache is True:
                presents = presents + (outputs[1],)

            if output_attentions:
                all_self_attentions = all_self_attentions + (outputs[2 if use_cache else 1],)
                if self.config.add_cross_attention:
                    all_cross_attentions = all_cross_attentions + (outputs[3 if use_cache else 2],)

        # When sequence parallelism done, gather the output tensor in forward and split it in backward
        if shard_config.enable_sequence_parallelism:
            hidden_states = gather_forward_split_backward(hidden_states,
                                                          dim=1,
                                                          process_group=shard_config.tensor_parallel_process_group)

        if stage_manager.is_last_stage():
            hidden_states = self.ln_f(hidden_states)

        hidden_states = hidden_states.view(output_shape)

        # Add last hidden state
        if output_hidden_states:
            all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

        if stage_manager.is_last_stage():
            if not return_dict:
                return tuple(
                    v for v in [hidden_states, presents, all_hidden_states, all_self_attentions, all_cross_attentions]
                    if v is not None)

            return BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
                last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
                past_key_values=presents,
                hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
                attentions=all_self_attentions,
                cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
            )
        else:
            # always return dict for intermediate stage
            return {'hidden_states': hidden_states}

    @staticmethod
    def gpt2_lmhead_model_forward(
            self: GPT2LMHeadModel,
            input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
            attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
            encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
            return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
            stage_manager: Optional[PipelineStageManager] = None,
            hidden_states: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            stage_index: Optional[List[int]] = None,
            shard_config: ShardConfig = None) -> Union[Dict, Tuple, CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions]:
        r"""
            labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
                Labels for language modeling. Note that the labels **are shifted** inside the model, i.e. you can set
                `labels = input_ids` Indices are selected in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size]` All labels set to `-100`
                are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size]`

            This function is modified on the basis of transformers.models.gpt2.modeling_gpt2.GPT2LMHeadModel.forward.
            Please refer to original code of transformers for more details.
            """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        outputs = GPT2PipelineForwards.gpt2_model_forward(self.transformer,
                                                          input_ids,
                                                          past_key_values=past_key_values,
                                                          attention_mask=attention_mask,
                                                          token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
                                                          position_ids=position_ids,
                                                          head_mask=head_mask,
                                                          inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
                                                          encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                                                          encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                                                          use_cache=use_cache,
                                                          output_attentions=output_attentions,
                                                          output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
                                                          return_dict=return_dict,
                                                          stage_manager=stage_manager,
                                                          hidden_states=hidden_states,
                                                          stage_index=stage_index,
                                                          shard_config=shard_config)

        # If not at the last stage, return hidden_states as in GPT2Model
        if not stage_manager.is_last_stage():
            return {'hidden_states': outputs['hidden_states']}

        hidden_states = outputs[0]
        lm_logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states)
        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            # move labels to correct device to enable model parallelism
            labels = labels.to(lm_logits.device)
            # Shift so that tokens < n predict n
            shift_logits = lm_logits[..., :-1, :].contiguous()
            shift_labels = labels[..., 1:].contiguous()
            # Flatten the tokens
            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
            loss = loss_fct(shift_logits.view(-1, shift_logits.size(-1)), shift_labels.view(-1))
        if not return_dict:
            output = (lm_logits,) + outputs[1:]
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions(
            loss=loss,
            logits=lm_logits,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
            cross_attentions=outputs.cross_attentions,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def gpt2_double_heads_model_forward(
            self: GPT2DoubleHeadsModel,
            input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
            attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            mc_token_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            mc_labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
            return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
            stage_manager: Optional[PipelineStageManager] = None,
            hidden_states: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            stage_index: Optional[List[int]] = None,
            shard_config: ShardConfig = None) -> Union[Dict, Tuple, GPT2DoubleHeadsModelOutput]:
        r"""
        mc_token_ids (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_choices)`, *optional*, default to index of the last token of the input):
            Index of the classification token in each input sequence. Selected in the range `[0, input_ids.size(-1) -
            1]`.
        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Labels for language modeling. Note that the labels **are shifted** inside the model, i.e. you can set
            `labels = input_ids`. Indices are selected in `[-100, 0, ..., config.vocab_size - 1]`. All labels set to
            `-100` are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for labels in `[0, ..., config.vocab_size - 1]`
        mc_labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size)`, *optional*):
            Labels for computing the multiple choice classification loss. Indices should be in `[0, ..., num_choices]`
            where *num_choices* is the size of the second dimension of the input tensors. (see *input_ids* above)

        This function is modified on the basis of transformers.models.gpt2.modeling_gpt2.GPT2DoubleHeadsModel.forward.
        Please refer to original code of transformers for more details.
        ```"""
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        outputs = GPT2PipelineForwards.gpt2_model_forward(self.transformer,
                                                          input_ids,
                                                          past_key_values=past_key_values,
                                                          attention_mask=attention_mask,
                                                          token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
                                                          position_ids=position_ids,
                                                          head_mask=head_mask,
                                                          inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
                                                          use_cache=use_cache,
                                                          output_attentions=output_attentions,
                                                          output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
                                                          return_dict=return_dict,
                                                          stage_manager=stage_manager,
                                                          hidden_states=hidden_states,
                                                          stage_index=stage_index,
                                                          shard_config=shard_config)

        # If not at the last stage, return hidden_states as in GPT2Model
        if not stage_manager.is_last_stage():
            return {'hidden_states': outputs['hidden_states']}

        hidden_states = outputs[0]
        lm_logits = self.lm_head(hidden_states)
        mc_logits = self.multiple_choice_head(hidden_states, mc_token_ids).squeeze(-1)

        mc_loss = None
        if mc_labels is not None:
            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
            mc_loss = loss_fct(mc_logits.view(-1, mc_logits.size(-1)), mc_labels.view(-1))
        lm_loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            labels = labels.to(lm_logits.device)
            shift_logits = lm_logits[..., :-1, :].contiguous()
            shift_labels = labels[..., 1:].contiguous()
            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
            lm_loss = loss_fct(shift_logits.view(-1, shift_logits.size(-1)), shift_labels.view(-1))

        if not return_dict:
            output = (lm_logits, mc_logits) + outputs[1:]
            if mc_loss is not None:
                output = (mc_loss,) + output
            return ((lm_loss,) + output) if lm_loss is not None else output

        return GPT2DoubleHeadsModelOutput(
            loss=lm_loss,
            mc_loss=mc_loss,
            logits=lm_logits,
            mc_logits=mc_logits,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def gpt2_for_question_answering_forward(
            self: GPT2ForQuestionAnswering,
            input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            start_positions: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            end_positions: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
            return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
            stage_manager: Optional[PipelineStageManager] = None,
            hidden_states: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            stage_index: Optional[List[int]] = None,
            shard_config: ShardConfig = None) -> Union[Dict, Tuple, QuestionAnsweringModelOutput]:
        r"""
        start_positions (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
            Labels for position (index) of the start of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss.
            Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence
            are not taken into account for computing the loss.
        end_positions (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
            Labels for position (index) of the end of the labelled span for computing the token classification loss.
            Positions are clamped to the length of the sequence (`sequence_length`). Position outside of the sequence
            are not taken into account for computing the loss.

        # This function is modified on the basis of transformers.models.gpt2.modeling_gpt2.GPT2ForQuestionAnswering.forward.
        # Please refer to original code of transformers for more details.
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        outputs = GPT2PipelineForwards.gpt2_model_forward(self.transformer,
                                                          input_ids,
                                                          attention_mask=attention_mask,
                                                          token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
                                                          position_ids=position_ids,
                                                          head_mask=head_mask,
                                                          inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
                                                          output_attentions=output_attentions,
                                                          output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
                                                          return_dict=return_dict,
                                                          stage_manager=stage_manager,
                                                          hidden_states=hidden_states,
                                                          stage_index=stage_index,
                                                          shard_config=shard_config)

        # If not at the last stage, return hidden_states as in GPT2Model
        if not stage_manager.is_last_stage():
            return {'hidden_states': outputs['hidden_states']}

        sequence_output = outputs[0]

        logits = self.qa_outputs(sequence_output)
        start_logits, end_logits = logits.split(1, dim=-1)
        start_logits = start_logits.squeeze(-1).contiguous()
        end_logits = end_logits.squeeze(-1).contiguous()

        total_loss = None
        if start_positions is not None and end_positions is not None:
            # If we are on multi-GPU, split add a dimension
            if len(start_positions.size()) > 1:
                start_positions = start_positions.squeeze(-1).to(start_logits.device)
            if len(end_positions.size()) > 1:
                end_positions = end_positions.squeeze(-1).to(end_logits.device)
            # sometimes the start/end positions are outside our model inputs, we ignore these terms
            ignored_index = start_logits.size(1)
            start_positions = start_positions.clamp(0, ignored_index)
            end_positions = end_positions.clamp(0, ignored_index)

            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=ignored_index)
            start_loss = loss_fct(start_logits, start_positions)
            end_loss = loss_fct(end_logits, end_positions)
            total_loss = (start_loss + end_loss) / 2

        if not return_dict:
            output = (start_logits, end_logits) + outputs[2:]
            return ((total_loss,) + output) if total_loss is not None else output

        return QuestionAnsweringModelOutput(
            loss=total_loss,
            start_logits=start_logits,
            end_logits=end_logits,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def gpt2_for_token_classification_forward(
            self: GPT2ForTokenClassification,
            input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
            attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
            return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
            stage_manager: Optional[PipelineStageManager] = None,
            hidden_states: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            stage_index: Optional[List[int]] = None,
            shard_config: ShardConfig = None) -> Union[Dict, Tuple, TokenClassifierOutput]:
        r"""
        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size, sequence_length)`, *optional*):
            Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ...,
            config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If
            `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

        # This function is modified on the basis of transformers.models.gpt2.modeling_gpt2.GPT2ForTokenClassification.forward.
        # Please refer to original code of transformers for more details.
        """
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        outputs = GPT2PipelineForwards.gpt2_model_forward(self.transformer,
                                                          input_ids,
                                                          past_key_values=past_key_values,
                                                          attention_mask=attention_mask,
                                                          token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
                                                          position_ids=position_ids,
                                                          head_mask=head_mask,
                                                          inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
                                                          use_cache=use_cache,
                                                          output_attentions=output_attentions,
                                                          output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
                                                          return_dict=return_dict,
                                                          stage_manager=stage_manager,
                                                          hidden_states=hidden_states,
                                                          stage_index=stage_index,
                                                          shard_config=shard_config)

        # If not at the last stage, return hidden_states as in GPT2Model
        if not stage_manager.is_last_stage():
            return {'hidden_states': outputs['hidden_states']}

        hidden_states = outputs[0]
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
        logits = self.classifier(hidden_states)

        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            labels = labels.to(logits.device)
            loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
            loss = loss_fct(logits.view(-1, self.num_labels), labels.view(-1))

        if not return_dict:
            output = (logits,) + outputs[2:]
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return TokenClassifierOutput(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def gpt2_for_sequence_classification_forward(
            self: GPT2ForSequenceClassification,
            input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
            attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            labels: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
            use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
            output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
            return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
            stage_manager: Optional[PipelineStageManager] = None,
            hidden_states: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
            stage_index: Optional[List[int]] = None,
            shard_config: ShardConfig = None) -> Union[Dict, Tuple, SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast]:
        r"""
        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
            Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ...,
            config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If
            `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

        # This function is modified on the basis of transformers.models.gpt2.modeling_gpt2.GPT2ForSequenceClassification.forward.
        # Please refer to original code of transformers for more details.
       """
        logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)

        if input_ids is not None:
            batch_size, _ = input_ids.shape[:2]
        else:
            batch_size, _ = hidden_states.shape[:2]
        assert (self.config.pad_token_id is not None
                or batch_size == 1), "Cannot handle batch sizes > 1 if no padding token is defined."

        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        outputs = GPT2PipelineForwards.gpt2_model_forward(self.transformer,
                                                          input_ids,
                                                          past_key_values=past_key_values,
                                                          attention_mask=attention_mask,
                                                          token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
                                                          position_ids=position_ids,
                                                          head_mask=head_mask,
                                                          inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
                                                          use_cache=use_cache,
                                                          output_attentions=output_attentions,
                                                          output_hidden_states=output_hidden_states,
                                                          return_dict=return_dict,
                                                          stage_manager=stage_manager,
                                                          hidden_states=hidden_states,
                                                          stage_index=stage_index,
                                                          shard_config=shard_config)

        # If not at the last stage, return hidden_states as in GPT2Model
        if not stage_manager.is_last_stage():
            return {'hidden_states': outputs['hidden_states']}

        hidden_states = outputs[0]
        logits = self.score(hidden_states)

        if self.config.pad_token_id is None:
            sequence_lengths = -1
        else:
            if input_ids is not None:
                sequence_lengths = (torch.ne(input_ids, self.config.pad_token_id).sum(-1) - 1).to(logits.device)
            else:
                sequence_lengths = -1
                logger.warning_once(
                    f"{self.__class__.__name__} will not detect padding tokens in `inputs_embeds`. Results may be "
                    "unexpected if using padding tokens in conjunction with `inputs_embeds.`")

        pooled_logits = logits[torch.arange(batch_size, device=logits.device), sequence_lengths]

        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            if self.config.problem_type is None:
                if self.num_labels == 1:
                    self.config.problem_type = "regression"
                elif self.num_labels > 1 and (labels.dtype == torch.long or labels.dtype == torch.int):
                    self.config.problem_type = "single_label_classification"
                else:
                    self.config.problem_type = "multi_label_classification"

            if self.config.problem_type == "regression":
                loss_fct = MSELoss()
                if self.num_labels == 1:
                    loss = loss_fct(pooled_logits.squeeze(), labels.squeeze())
                else:
                    loss = loss_fct(pooled_logits, labels)
            elif self.config.problem_type == "single_label_classification":
                loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
                loss = loss_fct(pooled_logits.view(-1, self.num_labels), labels.view(-1))
            elif self.config.problem_type == "multi_label_classification":
                loss_fct = BCEWithLogitsLoss()
                loss = loss_fct(pooled_logits, labels)
        if not return_dict:
            output = (pooled_logits,) + outputs[1:]
            return ((loss,) + output) if loss is not None else output

        return SequenceClassifierOutputWithPast(
            loss=loss,
            logits=pooled_logits,
            past_key_values=outputs.past_key_values,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


def get_gpt2_flash_attention_forward():

    from transformers.models.gpt2.modeling_gpt2 import GPT2Attention

    from colossalai.kernel.cuda_native import AttnMaskType, ColoAttention

    def split_heads(tensor, num_heads, attn_head_size):
        """
        Splits hidden_size dim into attn_head_size and num_heads
        """
        new_shape = tensor.size()[:-1] + (num_heads, attn_head_size)
        tensor = tensor.view(new_shape)
        return tensor

    def forward(
        self: GPT2Attention,
        hidden_states: Optional[Tuple[torch.FloatTensor]],
        layer_past: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor]] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = False,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = False,
    ) -> Tuple[Union[torch.Tensor, Tuple[torch.Tensor]], ...]:

        if encoder_hidden_states is not None:
            if not hasattr(self, "q_attn"):
                raise ValueError(
                    "If class is used as cross attention, the weights `q_attn` have to be defined. "
                    "Please make sure to instantiate class with `GPT2Attention(..., is_cross_attention=True)`.")

            query = self.q_attn(hidden_states)
            key, value = self.c_attn(encoder_hidden_states).split(self.split_size, dim=2)
            attention_mask = encoder_attention_mask
        else:
            query, key, value = self.c_attn(hidden_states).split(self.split_size, dim=2)

        query = split_heads(query, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
        key = split_heads(key, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)
        value = split_heads(value, self.num_heads, self.head_dim)

        if layer_past is not None:
            past_key, past_value = layer_past
            key = torch.cat((past_key, key), dim=1)
            value = torch.cat((past_value, value), dim=1)

        if use_cache is True:
            present = (key, value)
        else:
            present = None

        if not self.is_cross_attention:
            attn_mask_type = AttnMaskType.causal
            flash_attention_mask = None
        if attention_mask != None:
            if attn_mask_type == AttnMaskType.causal:
                attn_mask_type == AttnMaskType.paddedcausal
            else:
                attn_mask_type = AttnMaskType.padding
            flash_attention_mask = ~(attention_mask[:, :, -1].squeeze(1).to(torch.bool)).contiguous()

        scale = value.size(-1)**-0.5
        if self.scale_attn_by_inverse_layer_idx:
            scale = scale * (1 / float(self.layer_idx + 1))

        # use coloattention
        attention = ColoAttention(embed_dim=self.embed_dim,
                                  num_heads=self.num_heads,
                                  dropout=self.attn_dropout.p,
                                  scale=scale)

        attn_output = attention(query, key, value, attn_mask=flash_attention_mask, attn_mask_type=attn_mask_type)

        attn_output = self.c_proj(attn_output)
        attn_output = self.resid_dropout(attn_output)
        outputs = (attn_output, present, None)

        return outputs

    return forward


def gpt2_sequence_parallel_forward_fn(shard_config: ShardConfig):

    def forward(
        self,
        input_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        past_key_values: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[torch.Tensor]]] = None,
        attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        token_type_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        position_ids: Optional[torch.LongTensor] = None,
        head_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        inputs_embeds: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        encoder_hidden_states: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        encoder_attention_mask: Optional[torch.FloatTensor] = None,
        use_cache: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_attentions: Optional[bool] = None,
        output_hidden_states: Optional[bool] = None,
        return_dict: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[Tuple, BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions]:
        output_attentions = output_attentions if output_attentions is not None else self.config.output_attentions
        output_hidden_states = (output_hidden_states
                                if output_hidden_states is not None else self.config.output_hidden_states)
        use_cache = use_cache if use_cache is not None else self.config.use_cache
        return_dict = return_dict if return_dict is not None else self.config.use_return_dict

        if input_ids is not None and inputs_embeds is not None:
            raise ValueError("You cannot specify both input_ids and inputs_embeds at the same time")
        elif input_ids is not None:
            input_shape = input_ids.size()
            input_ids = input_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
            batch_size = input_ids.shape[0]
        elif inputs_embeds is not None:
            input_shape = inputs_embeds.size()[:-1]
            batch_size = inputs_embeds.shape[0]
        else:
            raise ValueError("You have to specify either input_ids or inputs_embeds")

        device = input_ids.device if input_ids is not None else inputs_embeds.device

        if token_type_ids is not None:
            token_type_ids = token_type_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])
        if position_ids is not None:
            position_ids = position_ids.view(-1, input_shape[-1])

        if past_key_values is None:
            past_length = 0
            past_key_values = tuple([None] * len(self.h))
        else:
            past_length = past_key_values[0][0].size(-2)
        if position_ids is None:
            position_ids = torch.arange(past_length, input_shape[-1] + past_length, dtype=torch.long, device=device)
            position_ids = position_ids.unsqueeze(0).view(-1, input_shape[-1])

        # GPT2Attention mask.
        if attention_mask is not None:
            if batch_size <= 0:
                raise ValueError("batch_size has to be defined and > 0")
            attention_mask = attention_mask.view(batch_size, -1)
            # We create a 3D attention mask from a 2D tensor mask.
            # Sizes are [batch_size, 1, 1, to_seq_length]
            # So we can broadcast to [batch_size, num_heads, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
            # this attention mask is more simple than the triangular masking of causal attention
            # used in OpenAI GPT, we just need to prepare the broadcast dimension here.
            attention_mask = attention_mask[:, None, None, :]

            # Since attention_mask is 1.0 for positions we want to attend and 0.0 for
            # masked positions, this operation will create a tensor which is 0.0 for
            # positions we want to attend and the dtype's smallest value for masked positions.
            # Since we are adding it to the raw scores before the softmax, this is
            # effectively the same as removing these entirely.
            attention_mask = attention_mask.to(dtype=self.dtype)    # fp16 compatibility
            attention_mask = (1.0 - attention_mask) * torch.finfo(self.dtype).min

        # If a 2D or 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
        # we need to make broadcastable to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
        if self.config.add_cross_attention and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
            encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length, _ = encoder_hidden_states.size()
            encoder_hidden_shape = (encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length)
            if encoder_attention_mask is None:
                encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(encoder_hidden_shape, device=device)
            encoder_attention_mask = self.invert_attention_mask(encoder_attention_mask)
        else:
            encoder_attention_mask = None

        # Prepare head mask if needed
        # 1.0 in head_mask indicate we keep the head
        # attention_probs has shape bsz x n_heads x N x N
        # head_mask has shape n_layer x batch x n_heads x N x N
        head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.n_layer)

        if inputs_embeds is None:
            inputs_embeds = self.wte(input_ids)
        position_embeds = self.wpe(position_ids)
        hidden_states = inputs_embeds + position_embeds

        if token_type_ids is not None:
            token_type_embeds = self.wte(token_type_ids)
            hidden_states = hidden_states + token_type_embeds

        hidden_states = self.drop(hidden_states)

        output_shape = input_shape + (hidden_states.size(-1),)

        if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:
            if use_cache:
                logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
                logger.warning_once(
                    "`use_cache=True` is incompatible with gradient checkpointing. Setting `use_cache=False`...")
                use_cache = False

        presents = () if use_cache else None
        all_self_attentions = () if output_attentions else None
        all_cross_attentions = () if output_attentions and self.config.add_cross_attention else None
        all_hidden_states = () if output_hidden_states else None

        # split the input tensor along sequence dimension
        # [batch_size, seq_len, hidden_size] -> [batch_size, seq_len/TP_size, hidden_size]
        hidden_states = split_forward_gather_backward(hidden_states,
                                                      dim=1,
                                                      process_group=shard_config.tensor_parallel_process_group)

        for i, (block, layer_past) in enumerate(zip(self.h, past_key_values)):
            # Model parallel
            if self.model_parallel:
                torch.cuda.set_device(hidden_states.device)
                # Ensure layer_past is on same device as hidden_states (might not be correct)
                if layer_past is not None:
                    layer_past = tuple(past_state.to(hidden_states.device) for past_state in layer_past)
                # Ensure that attention_mask is always on the same device as hidden_states
                if attention_mask is not None:
                    attention_mask = attention_mask.to(hidden_states.device)
                if isinstance(head_mask, torch.Tensor):
                    head_mask = head_mask.to(hidden_states.device)
            if output_hidden_states:
                all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

            if self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training:

                def create_custom_forward(module):

                    def custom_forward(*inputs):
                        # None for past_key_value
                        return module(*inputs, use_cache, output_attentions)

                    return custom_forward

                outputs = torch.utils.checkpoint.checkpoint(
                    create_custom_forward(block),
                    hidden_states,
                    None,
                    attention_mask,
                    head_mask[i],
                    encoder_hidden_states,
                    encoder_attention_mask,
                )
            else:
                outputs = block(
                    hidden_states,
                    layer_past=layer_past,
                    attention_mask=attention_mask,
                    head_mask=head_mask[i],
                    encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
                    encoder_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
                    use_cache=use_cache,
                    output_attentions=output_attentions,
                )

            hidden_states = outputs[0]
            if use_cache is True:
                presents = presents + (outputs[1],)

            if output_attentions:
                all_self_attentions = all_self_attentions + (outputs[2 if use_cache else 1],)
                if self.config.add_cross_attention:
                    all_cross_attentions = all_cross_attentions + (outputs[3 if use_cache else 2],)

            # Model Parallel: If it's the last layer for that device, put things on the next device
            if self.model_parallel:
                for k, v in self.device_map.items():
                    if i == v[-1] and "cuda:" + str(k) != self.last_device:
                        hidden_states = hidden_states.to("cuda:" + str(k + 1))

        # When sequence parallelism done, gather the output tensor in forward and split it in backward
        hidden_states = gather_forward_split_backward(hidden_states,
                                                      dim=1,
                                                      process_group=shard_config.tensor_parallel_process_group)

        hidden_states = self.ln_f(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = hidden_states.view(output_shape)
        # Add last hidden state
        if output_hidden_states:
            all_hidden_states = all_hidden_states + (hidden_states,)

        if not return_dict:
            return tuple(
                v for v in [hidden_states, presents, all_hidden_states, all_self_attentions, all_cross_attentions]
                if v is not None)

        return BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions(
            last_hidden_state=hidden_states,
            past_key_values=presents,
            hidden_states=all_hidden_states,
            attentions=all_self_attentions,
            cross_attentions=all_cross_attentions,
        )

    return forward
