[PyTorch] Support user-defined op fusions (#2597)

* Expose option for custom op fusions

Refactor fusion functions to remove index bookkeeping. Refactor fused ops to use consistent operation order.
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Add tests for custom ops
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci



* Fix linter warnings and numerical test failures
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Tweak pattern matching logic with fixed window sizes
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci



* Use TF32 tols in fused op tests
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Review suggestion from @greptile-apps
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Backpropagate fixes from #2622
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

---------
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

tests/pytorch/test_fusible_ops.py

@@ -2329,13 +2329,13 @@ class TestFusedOps:
         backward_ops = model._module_groups[0]._backward_ops
         if with_quantization:
             assert len(backward_ops) == 2
-            assert isinstance(backward_ops[0][0], BackwardActivationBias)
-            assert isinstance(backward_ops[1][0], te_ops.Quantize)
+            assert isinstance(backward_ops[0][0], te_ops.Quantize)
+            assert isinstance(backward_ops[1][0], BackwardActivationBias)
         else:
             assert len(backward_ops) == 3
-            assert isinstance(backward_ops[0][0], act_type)
+            assert isinstance(backward_ops[0][0], te_ops.Quantize)
             assert isinstance(backward_ops[1][0], te_ops.Bias)
-            assert isinstance(backward_ops[2][0], te_ops.Quantize)
+            assert isinstance(backward_ops[2][0], act_type)
 
         # Expected numerical error
         tols = dtype_tols(dtype)
@@ -2930,3 +2930,317 @@ class TestSequentialModules:
         if bias:
             torch.testing.assert_close(to_cpu(ffn1.bias.grad), b1_ref.grad, **tols)
             torch.testing.assert_close(to_cpu(ffn2.bias.grad), b2_ref.grad, **tols)
+
+
+class TestCustomOps:
+    """Test with ops that are defined externally"""
+
+    def test_custom_basic_op(
+        self,
+        *,
+        shape: Iterable[int] = (7, 5),
+        dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float32,
+        device: torch.device = "cuda",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Custom basic op"""
+
+        class CustomScaleOp(te.ops.BasicOperation):
+            """Custom op that applies a learnable scale"""
+
+            def __init__(self) -> None:
+                super().__init__()
+                self.scale: torch.nn.Parameter
+                scale = torch.ones((), dtype=dtype, device=device)
+                scale = torch.nn.Parameter(scale)
+                self.register_parameter("scale", scale)
+
+            def op_forward(
+                self,
+                ctx: OperationContext,
+                input_: torch.Tensor,
+                prev_op_grad_output_quantizer: Optional[Quantizer],
+                next_op_input_quantizer: Optional[Quantizer],
+            ) -> torch.Tensor:
+                ctx.save_for_backward(self.scale, input_)
+                return self.scale * input_
+
+            def op_backward(
+                self,
+                ctx: OperationContext,
+                grad_output: torch.Tensor,
+            ) -> torch.Tensor:
+                (
+                    scale,
+                    input_,
+                ) = ctx.saved_tensors
+                grad_scale = torch.inner(input_.reshape(-1), grad_output.reshape(-1))
+                grad_scale = grad_scale.reshape(())
+                grad_input = scale * grad_output
+                return grad_input, (grad_scale,)
+
+        # Random data
+        x_ref, x_test = make_reference_and_test_tensors(
+            shape,
+            test_dtype=dtype,
+            test_device=device,
+        )
+        w_ref, w_test = make_reference_and_test_tensors(
+            (),
+            test_dtype=dtype,
+            test_device=device,
+        )
+        dy_ref, dy_test = make_reference_and_test_tensors(
+            shape,
+            test_dtype=dtype,
+            test_device=device,
+            requires_grad=False,
+        )
+
+        # Plain PyTorch implementation
+        y_ref = w_ref * x_ref
+        y_ref.backward(dy_ref)
+
+        # Implementation with fusible operation
+        op = CustomScaleOp()
+        forward = te.ops.Sequential(te.ops.Identity(), op, te.ops.Identity())
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            op.scale.copy_(w_test)
+            del w_test
+        y_test = forward(x_test)
+        y_test.backward(dy_test)
+
+        # Check results
+        tols = dtype_tols(dtype)
+        y_test = y_test.to(dtype=torch.float64, device="cpu")
+        dx_test = x_test.grad.to(dtype=torch.float64, device="cpu")
+        dw_test = op.scale.grad.to(dtype=torch.float64, device="cpu")
+        torch.testing.assert_close(y_test, y_ref, **tols)
+        torch.testing.assert_close(dx_test, x_ref.grad, **tols)
+        torch.testing.assert_close(dw_test, w_ref.grad, **tols)
+
+    def test_custom_forward_fused_op(
+        self,
+        *,
+        shape: Iterable[int] = (7, 11),
+        dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float32,
+        device: torch.device = "cuda",
+    ):
+        """Custom fused op in forward pass"""
+
+        class CustomForwardLinearSiLU(te.ops.FusedOperation):
+            """Custom fused op for GEMM + SiLU"""
+
+            _enabled = True
+
+            def __init__(self, *, linear, silu) -> None:
+                super().__init__((linear, silu))
+
+            def fuser_forward(
+                self,
+                basic_op_ctxs: list[OperationContext],
+                input_: torch.Tensor,
+                **unused,
+            ) -> torch.Tensor:
+                weight = self.basic_ops[0].weight
+                dtype = weight.dtype
+                device = weight.device
+
+                # Perform compute on CPU, because why not?
+                x = input_.cpu()
+                w = weight.cpu()
+                y = torch.matmul(x, w.T)
+                z = torch.nn.functional.silu(y)
+                out = z.to(device=device)
+
+                # Save state for linear backward
+                linear_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[0]
+                linear_op_ctx.save_for_backward(input_, weight)
+                linear_op_ctx.with_quantized_compute = False
+                linear_op_ctx.input_quantizer = None
+                linear_op_ctx.weight_quantizer = None
+                linear_op_ctx.grad_output_quantizer = None
+                linear_op_ctx.grad_input_quantizer = None
+                linear_op_ctx.dtype = dtype
+                linear_op_ctx.input_requires_grad = True
+                linear_op_ctx.weight_requires_grad = True
+
+                # Save state for SiLU backward
+                silu_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[1]
+                silu_op_ctx.save_for_backward(y.to(device=device))
+                silu_op_ctx.dtype = dtype
+                silu_op_ctx.prev_op_grad_output_quantizer = None
+
+                return out, [(), ()]
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def fuse_ops(
+                ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+                **unused,
+            ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+                """Apply fusion the first time this function is called"""
+                if CustomForwardLinearSiLU._enabled:
+                    CustomForwardLinearSiLU._enabled = False
+                    op = CustomForwardLinearSiLU(linear=ops[0], silu=ops[1])
+                    return [op] + ops[2:]
+                return ops
+
+        # Random data
+        x_ref, x_test = make_reference_and_test_tensors(
+            shape,
+            test_dtype=dtype,
+            test_device=device,
+        )
+        w_ref, w_test = make_reference_and_test_tensors(
+            (shape[-1], shape[-1]),
+            test_dtype=dtype,
+            test_device=device,
+        )
+        dy_ref, dy_test = make_reference_and_test_tensors(
+            shape,
+            test_dtype=dtype,
+            test_device=device,
+            requires_grad=False,
+        )
+
+        # Plain PyTorch implementation
+        y_ref = torch.nn.functional.linear(x_ref, w_ref)
+        y_ref = torch.nn.functional.silu(y_ref)
+        y_ref.backward(dy_ref)
+
+        # Implementation with fusible operation
+        te.ops.register_forward_fusion(CustomForwardLinearSiLU.fuse_ops)
+        model = te.ops.Sequential(
+            te.ops.Linear(shape[-1], shape[-1], bias=False),
+            te.ops.SiLU(),
+        )
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            model[0].weight.copy_(w_test)
+            del w_test
+        y_test = model(x_test)
+        y_test.backward(dy_test)
+
+        # Check that forward operations have been fused
+        forward_ops = model._module_groups[0]._forward_ops
+        assert len(forward_ops) == 1
+        assert isinstance(forward_ops[0][0], CustomForwardLinearSiLU)
+
+        # Expected numerical error
+        tols = dtype_tols(dtype)
+        if dtype == torch.float32:
+            tols = dtype_tols(torch.float16)  # TF32 GEMM
+
+        # Check results
+        y_test = y_test.to(dtype=torch.float64, device="cpu")
+        dx_test = x_test.grad.to(dtype=torch.float64, device="cpu")
+        dw_test = model[0].weight.grad.to(dtype=torch.float64, device="cpu")
+        torch.testing.assert_close(y_test, y_ref, **tols)
+        torch.testing.assert_close(dx_test, x_ref.grad, **tols)
+        torch.testing.assert_close(dw_test, w_ref.grad, **tols)
+
+    def test_custom_backward_fused_op(
+        self,
+        *,
+        shape: Iterable[int] = (13, 5),
+        dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float32,
+        device: torch.device = "cuda",
+    ):
+        """Custom fused op in backward pass"""
+
+        class CustomBackwardLinearScale(te.ops.FusedOperation):
+            """Custom fused op for backward linear + scale"""
+
+            _enabled: bool = True
+
+            def __init__(self, *, scale, linear) -> None:
+                super().__init__((scale, linear))
+
+            def fuser_backward(
+                self,
+                basic_op_ctxs: list[OperationContext],
+                grad_output: torch.Tensor,
+                **unused,
+            ) -> torch.Tensor:
+
+                # Load state from linear forward
+                linear_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[1]
+                x, w = linear_op_ctx.saved_tensors
+                dtype = linear_op_ctx.dtype
+                device = w.device
+
+                # Perform compute in FP64 and apply scale before dgrad
+                # GEMM instead of after
+                scale = self.basic_ops[0].scale
+                dy = grad_output.double()
+                x = x.double()
+                w = w.double()
+                dx = torch.matmul(dy, scale * w)
+                dw = torch.matmul(dy.T, x)
+                dx = dx.to(dtype=dtype)
+                dw = dw.to(dtype=dtype)
+
+                return dx, [(), (dw,)], [(), ()]
+
+            @staticmethod
+            def fuse_ops(
+                ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+                **unused,
+            ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+                """Apply fusion the first time this function is called"""
+                if CustomBackwardLinearScale._enabled:
+                    CustomBackwardLinearScale._enabled = False
+                    op = CustomBackwardLinearScale(scale=ops[0], linear=ops[1])
+                    return [op] + ops[2:]
+                return ops
+
+        # Random data
+        x_ref, x_test = make_reference_and_test_tensors(
+            shape,
+            test_dtype=dtype,
+            test_device=device,
+        )
+        w_ref, w_test = make_reference_and_test_tensors(
+            (shape[-1], shape[-1]),
+            test_dtype=dtype,
+            test_device=device,
+        )
+        dy_ref, dy_test = make_reference_and_test_tensors(
+            shape,
+            test_dtype=dtype,
+            test_device=device,
+            requires_grad=False,
+        )
+        scale = 1.234
+
+        # Plain PyTorch implementation
+        y_ref = torch.nn.functional.linear(scale * x_ref, w_ref)
+        y_ref.backward(dy_ref)
+
+        # Implementation with fusible operation
+        te.ops.register_backward_fusion(CustomBackwardLinearScale.fuse_ops, prepend=True)
+        model = te.ops.Sequential(
+            te.ops.ConstantScale(scale),
+            te.ops.Linear(shape[-1], shape[-1], bias=False),
+        )
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            model[1].weight.copy_(w_test)
+            del w_test
+        y_test = model(x_test)
+        y_test.backward(dy_test)
+
+        # Check that forward operations have been fused
+        backward_ops = model._module_groups[0]._backward_ops
+        assert len(backward_ops) == 1
+        assert isinstance(backward_ops[0][0], CustomBackwardLinearScale)
+
+        # Expected numerical error
+        tols = dtype_tols(dtype)
+        if dtype == torch.float32:
+            tols = dtype_tols(torch.float16)  # TF32 GEMM
+
+        # Check results
+        y_test = y_test.to(dtype=torch.float64, device="cpu")
+        dx_test = x_test.grad.to(dtype=torch.float64, device="cpu")
+        dw_test = model[1].weight.grad.to(dtype=torch.float64, device="cpu")
+        torch.testing.assert_close(y_test, y_ref, **tols)
+        torch.testing.assert_close(dx_test, x_ref.grad, **tols)
+        torch.testing.assert_close(dw_test, w_ref.grad, **tols)

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/__init__.py

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ This operation-based API is experimental and subject to change.
 
 """
 
-from transformer_engine.pytorch.ops.basic import *
-from transformer_engine.pytorch.ops.linear import Linear
-from transformer_engine.pytorch.ops.op import FusibleOperation
-from transformer_engine.pytorch.ops.sequential import Sequential
+from .basic import *
+from .fuser import register_backward_fusion, register_forward_fusion
+from .linear import Linear
+from .op import BasicOperation, FusedOperation, FusibleOperation
+from .sequential import Sequential
+from . import fused

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fused/__init__.py

@@ -4,39 +4,27 @@
 
 """Compound tensor operation supported by the operation fuser."""
 
-from .backward_activation_bias import (
-    BackwardActivationBias,
-    fuse_backward_activation_bias,
-)
-from .backward_add_rmsnorm import (
-    BackwardAddRMSNorm,
-    fuse_backward_add_rmsnorm,
-)
-from .backward_linear_add import (
-    BackwardLinearAdd,
-    fuse_backward_linear_add,
-)
-from .backward_linear_scale import (
-    BackwardLinearScale,
-    fuse_backward_linear_scale,
-)
-from .forward_linear_bias_activation import (
-    ForwardLinearBiasActivation,
-    fuse_forward_linear_bias_activation,
-)
-from .forward_linear_bias_add import (
-    ForwardLinearBiasAdd,
-    fuse_forward_linear_bias_add,
-)
-from .forward_linear_scale_add import (
-    ForwardLinearScaleAdd,
-    fuse_forward_linear_scale_add,
-)
-from .userbuffers_backward_linear import (
-    UserbuffersBackwardLinear,
-    fuse_userbuffers_backward_linear,
-)
-from .userbuffers_forward_linear import (
-    UserbuffersForwardLinear,
-    fuse_userbuffers_forward_linear,
-)
+from ..fuser import register_backward_fusion, register_forward_fusion
+from .backward_activation_bias import BackwardActivationBias
+from .backward_add_rmsnorm import BackwardAddRMSNorm
+from .backward_linear_add import BackwardLinearAdd
+from .backward_linear_scale import BackwardLinearScale
+from .forward_linear_bias_activation import ForwardLinearBiasActivation
+from .forward_linear_bias_add import ForwardLinearBiasAdd
+from .forward_linear_scale_add import ForwardLinearScaleAdd
+from .userbuffers_backward_linear import UserbuffersBackwardLinear
+from .userbuffers_forward_linear import UserbuffersForwardLinear
+
+
+# Register forward fusions
+register_forward_fusion(UserbuffersForwardLinear.fuse_forward_ops)
+register_forward_fusion(ForwardLinearBiasAdd.fuse_forward_ops)
+register_forward_fusion(ForwardLinearBiasActivation.fuse_forward_ops)
+register_forward_fusion(ForwardLinearScaleAdd.fuse_forward_ops)
+
+# Register backward fusions
+register_backward_fusion(UserbuffersBackwardLinear.fuse_backward_ops)
+register_backward_fusion(BackwardLinearAdd.fuse_backward_ops)
+register_backward_fusion(BackwardLinearScale.fuse_backward_ops)
+register_backward_fusion(BackwardActivationBias.fuse_backward_ops)
+register_backward_fusion(BackwardAddRMSNorm.fuse_backward_ops)

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fused/backward_activation_bias.py

@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ class BackwardActivationBias(FusedOperation):
     ]:
 
         # Get basic operation contexts
-        activation_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[0]
-        bias_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[1]
+        bias_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[0]
+        activation_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[1]
 
         # Saved tensors from forward pass
         (act_input,) = activation_op_ctx.saved_tensors
@@ -79,26 +79,27 @@ class BackwardActivationBias(FusedOperation):
         # Clear activation input tensor
         clear_tensor_data(act_input)
 
-        return dx, [(), (db,)], [(), ()]
+        return dx, [(db,), ()], [(), ()]
 
-
-def fuse_backward_activation_bias(
-    ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
-    recipe: Optional[Recipe],
-) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-    """Fused backward dact + dbias + quantize
+    @staticmethod
+    def fuse_backward_ops(
+        ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+        *,
+        recipe: Optional[Recipe] = None,
+        **unused,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+        """Apply operation fusion for backward pass.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-    ops : list of tuples
-        Backward pass operations and the indices of the corresponding
-        basic operations.
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
+            Backward pass operations.
         recipe : Recipe, optional
-        Used quantization recipe
+            Quantization recipe.
 
         Returns
         -------
-    ops : list of tuples
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
             Updated backward pass operations
 
         """
@@ -109,38 +110,28 @@ def fuse_backward_activation_bias(
 
         # Scan through ops, fusing if possible
         out = []
-    window = []
-    while len(ops) >= 3:
-        out.extend(window)
-
-        # Check if first op is a supported activation
-        window, ops = ops[:1], ops[1:]
-        op, _ = window[0]
-        if not isinstance(op, _fusible_activations):
-            continue
-
-        # Check if second op is bias
-        op, _ = ops[0]
-        if not isinstance(op, Bias):
-            continue
-
-        # Check if third op has a grad input quantizer
-        op, _ = ops[1]
-        if not op.num_quantizers("backward") > 0:
-            continue
-
-        window.extend(ops[:1])
+        window, ops = ops[:3], ops[3:]
+        while len(window) == 3:
+            if (
+                isinstance(window[2], _fusible_activations)
+                and isinstance(window[1], Bias)
+                and window[0].get_grad_output_quantizer() is not None
+            ):
+                # Construct fused op if window matches pattern
+                op = BackwardActivationBias(bias=window[1], activation=window[2])
+                window = [window[0], op]
+            else:
+                # Shift window if window doesn't match pattern
+                out.extend(window[:-2])
+                window = window[-2:]
+
+            # Adjust window to expected size
+            out.extend(window[:-3])
+            window = window[-3:]
+            while ops and len(window) < 3:
+                window.append(ops[0])
                 ops = ops[1:]
 
-        # Replace window with fused op
-        op = BackwardActivationBias(
-            activation=window[0][0],
-            bias=window[1][0],
-        )
-        basic_op_idxs = [basic_op_idxs[0] for _, basic_op_idxs in window]
-        window = [(op, basic_op_idxs)]
-
         # Return list of ops
         out.extend(window)
-    out.extend(ops)
         return out

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fused/backward_add_rmsnorm.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class BackwardAddRMSNorm(FusedOperation):
 
         # Get basic operations
         rmsnorm_op = self.basic_ops[1]
-        rmsnorm_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[0]
+        rmsnorm_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[1]
 
         # Saved tensors from forward pass
         x, rstdevs = rmsnorm_op_ctx.saved_tensors
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class BackwardAddRMSNorm(FusedOperation):
 
         # Check input tensors
         dtype = rmsnorm_op_ctx.dtype
-        extra_grad = basic_op_grad_extra_outputs[1][0]
+        extra_grad = basic_op_grad_extra_outputs[0][0]
         dy = maybe_dequantize(grad_output.contiguous(), dtype).view(x.size())
         w = maybe_dequantize(rmsnorm_op.weight, dtype).view((inner_dim,))
         add = maybe_dequantize(extra_grad.contiguous(), dtype).view(x.size())
@@ -77,57 +77,51 @@ class BackwardAddRMSNorm(FusedOperation):
         grad_input = dx.view(grad_output.size())
         grad_weight = dw.view(weight_dims)
 
-        return grad_input, [(grad_weight,), ()], [(), ()]
+        return grad_input, [(), (grad_weight,)], [(), ()]
 
-
-def fuse_backward_add_rmsnorm(
-    ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
-) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-    """Fused backward RMNorm + add
+    @staticmethod
+    def fuse_backward_ops(
+        ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+        **unused,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+        """Apply operation fusion for backward pass.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-    ops : list of tuples
-        Backward pass operations and the indices of the corresponding
-        basic operations.
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
+            Backward pass operations.
 
         Returns
         -------
-    ops : list of tuples
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
             Updated backward pass operations
 
         """
 
         # Scan through ops, fusing if possible
         out = []
-    window = []
-    while len(ops) >= 2:
-        out.extend(window)
-
-        # Check if first op is linear
-        window, ops = ops[:1], ops[1:]
-        op, _ = window[0]
-        if not isinstance(op, RMSNorm):
-            continue
-
-        # Check if second op is "make extra output"
-        op, _ = ops[0]
-        if not isinstance(op, MakeExtraOutput):
-            continue
-        if op._in_place:
-            continue
-        window.extend(ops[:1])
+        window, ops = ops[:2], ops[2:]
+        while len(window) == 2:
+            if (
+                isinstance(window[0], MakeExtraOutput)
+                and isinstance(window[1], RMSNorm)
+                and not window[0]._in_place
+            ):
+                # Construct fused op if window matches pattern
+                op = BackwardAddRMSNorm(add=window[0], rmsnorm=window[1])
+                window = [op]
+            else:
+                # Shift window if window doesn't match pattern
+                out.extend(window[:-1])
+                window = window[-1:]
+
+            # Adjust window to expected size
+            out.extend(window[:-2])
+            window = window[-2:]
+            while ops and len(window) < 2:
+                window.append(ops[0])
                 ops = ops[1:]
 
-        # Replace window with fused op
-        op = BackwardAddRMSNorm(
-            rmsnorm=window[0][0],
-            add=window[1][0],
-        )
-        basic_op_idxs = [basic_op_idxs[0] for _, basic_op_idxs in window]
-        window = [(op, basic_op_idxs)]
-
         # Return list of ops
         out.extend(window)
-    out.extend(ops)
         return out

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fused/backward_linear_add.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class BackwardLinearAdd(FusedOperation):
 
         # Get basic operations
         linear_op = self.basic_ops[1]
-        linear_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[0]
+        linear_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[1]
 
         # Saved tensors from forward pass
         (x_local, w) = linear_op_ctx.saved_tensors
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class BackwardLinearAdd(FusedOperation):
             accumulate_into_main_grad = False
 
         # Linear backward pass
-        grad_input = basic_op_grad_extra_outputs[1][0]
+        grad_input = basic_op_grad_extra_outputs[0][0]
         grad_input, grad_weight = BasicLinear._functional_backward(
             grad_output=grad_output,
             input=x_local,
@@ -109,61 +109,60 @@ class BackwardLinearAdd(FusedOperation):
                     zero=getattr(weight_param, "zero_out_wgrad", False),
                 )
 
-        return grad_input, [(grad_weight,), ()], [(), ()]
+        return grad_input, [(), (grad_weight,)], [(), ()]
 
-
-def fuse_backward_linear_add(
-    ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
-) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-    """Fused backward dgrad GEMM + add
+    @staticmethod
+    def fuse_backward_ops(
+        ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+        **unused,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+        """Apply operation fusion for backward pass.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-    ops : list of tuples
-        Backward pass operations and the indices of the corresponding
-        basic operations.
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
+            Backward pass operations.
 
         Returns
         -------
-    ops : list of tuples
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
             Updated backward pass operations
 
         """
 
         # Scan through ops, fusing if possible
         out = []
-    window = []
-    while len(ops) >= 2:
-        out.extend(window)
-
-        # Check if first op is linear
-        window, ops = ops[:1], ops[1:]
-        op, _ = window[0]
-        if not isinstance(op, BasicLinear):
-            continue
-        if op.tensor_parallel_mode == "column":
-            # Row tensor-parallelism requires communication after the
-            # GEMM
-            continue
-
-        # Check if second op is "make extra output"
-        op, _ = ops[0]
-        if not isinstance(op, MakeExtraOutput):
-            continue
-        if not op._in_place:
-            continue
-        window.extend(ops[:1])
+        window, ops = ops[:2], ops[2:]
+        while len(window) == 2:
+
+            # Check if window matches pattern
+            matches_pattern = True
+            if not (isinstance(window[0], MakeExtraOutput) and isinstance(window[1], BasicLinear)):
+                matches_pattern = False
+            elif not window[0]._in_place:
+                # Fused op accumulates grad input in-place
+                matches_pattern = False
+            elif window[1].tensor_parallel_mode == "column":
+                # Column tensor-parallelism requires communication
+                # after the dgrad GEMM
+                matches_pattern = False
+
+            if matches_pattern:
+                # Construct fused op if window matches pattern
+                op = BackwardLinearAdd(backward_add=window[0], linear=window[1])
+                window = [op]
+            else:
+                # Shift window if window doesn't match pattern
+                out.extend(window[:-1])
+                window = window[-1:]
+
+            # Adjust window to expected size
+            out.extend(window[:-2])
+            window = window[-2:]
+            while ops and len(window) < 2:
+                window.append(ops[0])
                 ops = ops[1:]
 
-        # Replace window with fused op
-        op = BackwardLinearAdd(
-            linear=window[0][0],
-            backward_add=window[1][0],
-        )
-        basic_op_idxs = [basic_op_idxs[0] for _, basic_op_idxs in window]
-        window = [(op, basic_op_idxs)]
-
         # Return list of ops
         out.extend(window)
-    out.extend(ops)
         return out

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fused/backward_linear_scale.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class BackwardLinearScale(FusedOperation):
 
         # Get basic operations
         linear_op = self.basic_ops[0]
-        linear_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[1]
+        linear_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[0]
         scale_op = self.basic_ops[1]
 
         # Saved tensors from forward pass
@@ -109,58 +109,57 @@ class BackwardLinearScale(FusedOperation):
                     zero=getattr(weight_param, "zero_out_wgrad", False),
                 )
 
-        return grad_input, [(), (grad_weight,)], [(), ()]
+        return grad_input, [(grad_weight,), ()], [(), ()]
 
-
-def fuse_backward_linear_scale(
-    ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
-) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-    """Fused backward dgrad GEMM + constant scale
+    @staticmethod
+    def fuse_backward_ops(
+        ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+        **unused,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+        """Apply operation fusion for backward pass.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-    ops : list of tuples
-        Backward pass operations and the indices of the corresponding
-        basic operations.
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
+            Backward pass operations.
 
         Returns
         -------
-    ops : list of tuples
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
             Updated backward pass operations
 
         """
 
         # Scan through ops, fusing if possible
         out = []
-    window = []
-    while len(ops) >= 2:
-        out.extend(window)
-
-        # Check if first op is constant scale
-        window, ops = ops[:1], ops[1:]
-        op, _ = window[0]
-        if not isinstance(op, ConstantScale):
-            continue
-
-        # Check if second op is linear
-        op, _ = ops[0]
-        if not isinstance(op, BasicLinear):
-            continue
-        if op.tensor_parallel_mode == "column":
-            # Column tensor-parallelism requires communication after the dgrad GEMM
-            continue
-        window.extend(ops[:1])
+        window, ops = ops[:2], ops[2:]
+        while len(window) == 2:
+
+            # Check if window matches pattern
+            matches_pattern = True
+            if not (isinstance(window[0], BasicLinear) and isinstance(window[1], ConstantScale)):
+                matches_pattern = False
+            elif window[0].tensor_parallel_mode == "column":
+                # Column tensor-parallelism requires communication
+                # after the dgrad GEMM
+                matches_pattern = False
+
+            if matches_pattern:
+                # Construct fused op if window matches pattern
+                op = BackwardLinearScale(linear=window[0], scale=window[1])
+                window = [op]
+            else:
+                # Shift window if window doesn't match pattern
+                out.extend(window[:-1])
+                window = window[-1:]
+
+            # Adjust window to expected size
+            out.extend(window[:-2])
+            window = window[-2:]
+            while ops and len(window) < 2:
+                window.append(ops[0])
                 ops = ops[1:]
 
-        # Replace window with fused op
-        op = BackwardLinearScale(
-            scale=window[0][0],
-            linear=window[1][0],
-        )
-        basic_op_idxs = [basic_op_idxs[0] for _, basic_op_idxs in window]
-        window = [(op, basic_op_idxs)]
-
         # Return list of ops
         out.extend(window)
-    out.extend(ops)
         return out

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fused/forward_linear_bias_activation.py

@@ -134,62 +134,63 @@ class ForwardLinearBiasActivation(FusedOperation):
 
         return output, [() for _ in range(len(self.basic_ops))]
 
-
-def fuse_forward_linear_bias_activation(
-    ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
-) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-    """Fuse forward GEMM + bias + activation
+    @staticmethod
+    def fuse_forward_ops(
+        ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+        **unused,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+        """Apply operation fusion for forward pass.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-    ops : list of tuples
-        Forward pass operations and the indices of the corresponding
-        basic operations.
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
+            Forward pass operations.
 
         Returns
         -------
-    ops : list of tuples
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
             Updated forward pass operations
 
         """
 
         # Scan through ops, fusing if possible
         out = []
-    window = []
-    while len(ops) >= 2:
-        out.extend(window)
-
-        # Check if first op is linear
-        window, ops = ops[:1], ops[1:]
-        op1, _ = window[0]
-        if not isinstance(op1, BasicLinear):
-            continue
-        if op1.tensor_parallel_mode == "row":
-            # Row tensor-parallelism requires communication after the
-            # GEMM
-            continue
-        if op1.weight.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16):
+        window, ops = ops[:2], ops[2:]
+        while len(window) == 2:
+
+            # Check if window matches pattern
+            matches_pattern = True
+            if not (isinstance(window[0], BasicLinear) and isinstance(window[1], Bias)):
+                matches_pattern = False
+            elif window[0].tensor_parallel_mode == "row":
+                # Row tensor-parallelism requires communication after
+                # the GEMM
+                matches_pattern = False
+            elif window[0].weight.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.bfloat16):
                 # cuBLAS only supports fused GEMM+bias+activation with
                 # FP16 and BF16 output
-            continue
+                matches_pattern = False
 
-        # Check if second op is bias
-        op2, _ = ops[0]
-        if not isinstance(op2, Bias):
-            continue
-        window.extend(ops[:1])
-        ops = ops[1:]
-
-        # Replace window with fused op
+            if matches_pattern:
+                # Construct fused op if window matches pattern
                 op = ForwardLinearBiasActivation(
-            linear=window[0][0],
-            bias=window[1][0],
+                    linear=window[0],
+                    bias=window[1],
                     activation=None,
                 )
-        basic_op_idxs = [basic_op_idxs[0] for _, basic_op_idxs in window]
-        window = [(op, basic_op_idxs)]
+                window = [op]
+            else:
+                # Shift window if window doesn't match pattern
+                out.extend(window[:-1])
+                window = window[-1:]
+
+            # Adjust window to expected size
+            out.extend(window[:-2])
+            window = window[-2:]
+            while ops and len(window) < 2:
+                window.append(ops[0])
+                ops = ops[1:]
 
         # Return list of ops
         out.extend(window)
-    out.extend(ops)
         return out

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fused/forward_linear_bias_add.py

@@ -131,21 +131,21 @@ class ForwardLinearBiasAdd(FusedOperation):
 
         return output, [() for _ in range(len(self.basic_ops))]
 
-
-def fuse_forward_linear_bias_add(
-    ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
-) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-    """Fuse forward GEMM + bias + add
+    @staticmethod
+    def fuse_forward_ops(
+        ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+        **unused,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+        """Apply operation fusion for forward pass.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-    ops : list of tuples
-        Forward pass operations and the indices of the corresponding
-        basic operations.
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
+            Forward pass operations.
 
         Returns
         -------
-    ops : list of tuples
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
             Updated forward pass operations
 
         """
@@ -153,50 +153,41 @@ def fuse_forward_linear_bias_add(
         # Scan through ops, fusing if possible
         out = []
         window = []
-    while len(ops) >= 2:
+        while ops:
+
+            # Shift window
             out.extend(window)
+            window = [ops[0]]
+            ops = ops[1:]
 
             # Check if first op is linear
-        window, ops = ops[:1], ops[1:]
-        op, _ = window[0]
-        if not isinstance(op, BasicLinear):
+            if not isinstance(window[0], BasicLinear):
                 continue
-        if op.tensor_parallel_mode == "row":
-            # Row tensor-parallelism requires communication after the
-            # GEMM
+            if window[0].tensor_parallel_mode == "row":
+                # Row tensor-parallelism requires communication after
+                # the GEMM
                 continue
-        linear = op
-        op, _ = ops[0]
+            linear = window[0]
 
             # Check if next op is bias
             bias = None
-        if isinstance(op, Bias):
-            bias = op
-            window.extend(ops[:1])
+            if ops and isinstance(ops[0], Bias):
+                window.append(ops[0])
                 ops = ops[1:]
-            if len(ops) == 0:
-                continue
-            op, _ = ops[0]
+                bias = window[-1]
 
             # Check if next op is in-place add extra input
-        if not isinstance(op, AddExtraInput):
-            continue
-        if not op._in_place:
-            continue
-        add = op
-        window.extend(ops[:1])
+            if ops and isinstance(ops[0], AddExtraInput) and ops[0]._in_place:
+                window.append(ops[0])
                 ops = ops[1:]
+                add = window[-1]
+            else:
+                continue
 
             # Replace window with fused op
-        op = ForwardLinearBiasAdd(
-            linear=linear,
-            bias=bias,
-            add=add,
-        )
-        basic_op_idxs = [basic_op_idxs[0] for _, basic_op_idxs in window]
-        window = [(op, basic_op_idxs)]
+            op = ForwardLinearBiasAdd(linear=linear, bias=bias, add=add)
+            window = [op]
 
         # Return list of ops
         out.extend(window)
-    out.extend(ops)
         return out

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fused/forward_linear_scale_add.py

@@ -110,70 +110,66 @@ class ForwardLinearScaleAdd(FusedOperation):
 
         return output, [() for _ in range(len(self.basic_ops))]
 
-
-def fuse_forward_linear_scale_add(
-    ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
-) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-    """Fuse forward GEMM + scale + add
+    @staticmethod
+    def fuse_forward_ops(
+        ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+        **unused,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+        """Apply operation fusion for forward pass.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-    ops : list of tuples
-        Forward pass operations and the indices of the corresponding
-        basic operations.
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
+            Forward pass operations.
 
         Returns
         -------
-    ops : list of tuples
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
             Updated forward pass operations
 
         """
 
         # Scan through ops, fusing if possible
         out = []
-    window = []
-    while len(ops) >= 3:
-        out.extend(window)
-
-        # Check if first op is linear
-        window, ops = ops[:1], ops[1:]
-        op, _ = window[0]
-        if not isinstance(op, BasicLinear):
-            continue
-        if op.tensor_parallel_mode == "row":
-            # Row tensor-parallelism requires communication after the
-            # GEMM
-            continue
-        linear = op
-        op, _ = ops[0]
-
-        # Check if next op is constant scale
-        if not isinstance(op, ConstantScale):
-            continue
-        scale = op
-        window.extend(ops[:1])
-        ops = ops[1:]
-        op, _ = ops[0]
-
-        # Check if next op is in-place add extra input
-        if not isinstance(op, AddExtraInput):
-            continue
-        if not op._in_place:
-            continue
-        add = op
-        window.extend(ops[:1])
-        ops = ops[1:]
-
-        # Replace window with fused op
+        window, ops = ops[:3], ops[3:]
+        while len(window) == 3:
+
+            # Check if window matches pattern
+            matches_pattern = True
+            if not (
+                isinstance(window[0], BasicLinear)
+                and isinstance(window[1], ConstantScale)
+                and isinstance(window[2], AddExtraInput)
+            ):
+                matches_pattern = False
+            elif window[0].tensor_parallel_mode == "row":
+                # Row tensor-parallelism requires communication after
+                # the GEMM
+                matches_pattern = False
+            elif not window[2]._in_place:
+                # Fused op accumulates output in-place
+                matches_pattern = False
+
+            if matches_pattern:
+                # Construct fused op if window matches pattern
                 op = ForwardLinearScaleAdd(
-            linear=linear,
-            scale=scale,
-            add=add,
+                    linear=window[0],
+                    scale=window[1],
+                    add=window[2],
                 )
-        basic_op_idxs = [basic_op_idxs[0] for _, basic_op_idxs in window]
-        window = [(op, basic_op_idxs)]
+                window = [op]
+            else:
+                # Shift window if window doesn't match pattern
+                out.extend(window[:-2])
+                window = window[-2:]
+
+            # Adjust window to expected size
+            out.extend(window[:-3])
+            window = window[-3:]
+            while ops and len(window) < 3:
+                window.append(ops[0])
+                ops = ops[1:]
 
         # Return list of ops
         out.extend(window)
-    out.extend(ops)
         return out

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fused/userbuffers_backward_linear.py

@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ class UserbuffersBackwardLinear(FusedOperation):
         # Get basic operations
         idx = self._op_idxs["linear"]
         linear_op = self.basic_ops[idx]
-        linear_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[-1]
+        linear_op_ctx = basic_op_ctxs[0]
         bias_op = None
         if self._op_idxs["bias"] is not None:
             idx = self._op_idxs["bias"]
@@ -578,25 +578,26 @@ class UserbuffersBackwardLinear(FusedOperation):
         grad_params[self._op_idxs["linear"]] = (grad_weight,)
         if bias_op is not None:
             grad_params[self._op_idxs["bias"]] = (grad_bias,)
-        grad_params.reverse()
         grad_extra_inputs = [() for _ in range(len(self.basic_ops))]
         return grad_input, grad_params, grad_extra_inputs
 
-
-def fuse_userbuffers_backward_linear(
-    ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
-) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-    """Substitute linear operations with Userbuffers implementation
+    @staticmethod
+    def fuse_backward_ops(
+        ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+        **unused,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+        """Apply operation fusion for backward pass.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-    ops : list of tuples
-        Backward pass operations and the indices of the corresponding
-        basic operations.
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
+            Backward pass operations.
+        recipe : Recipe, optional
+            Quantization recipe.
 
         Returns
         -------
-    ops : list of tuples
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
             Updated backward pass operations
 
         """
@@ -605,46 +606,33 @@ def fuse_userbuffers_backward_linear(
         if not torch.distributed.is_initialized() or torch.distributed.get_world_size() == 1:
             return ops
 
-    # Sliding window in list of ops
+        # Scan through ops, fusing if possible
+        out = []
         window = []
-
-    def peek_next_op() -> Optional[FusibleOperation]:
-        """Get next op in list of ops"""
-        nonlocal ops
-        if not ops:
-            return None
-        return ops[-1][0]
-
-    def pop_next_op() -> FusibleOperation:
-        """Remove next op from list of ops and add to sliding window"""
-        nonlocal ops, window
-        window.insert(0, ops[-1])
-        ops = ops[:-1]
-        return window[0][0]
-
-    # Scan through ops in reverse order, fusing if possible
-    out_reversed = []
         while ops:
-        out_reversed.extend(reversed(window))
-        window.clear()
 
-        # Check if next op is linear
-        next_op = pop_next_op()
-        if not isinstance(next_op, BasicLinear):
+            # Shift window
+            out.extend(window)
+            window, ops = ops[:1], ops[1:]
+
+            # Check if first op is linear
+            if not isinstance(window[0], BasicLinear):
                 continue
-        linear = next_op
+            linear = window[0]
             if linear._userbuffers_options is None:
                 continue
 
             # Check if next op is bias
             bias = None
-        if linear.tensor_parallel_mode != "row" and isinstance(peek_next_op(), Bias):
-            bias = pop_next_op()
+            if linear.tensor_parallel_mode != "row" and ops and isinstance(ops[0], Bias):
+                bias, ops = ops[0], ops[1:]
+                window.append(bias)
 
             # Check if next op is reduce-scatter
             reduce_scatter = None
-        if linear.tensor_parallel_mode is None and isinstance(peek_next_op(), ReduceScatter):
-            reduce_scatter = pop_next_op()
+            if linear.tensor_parallel_mode is None and ops and isinstance(ops[0], ReduceScatter):
+                reduce_scatter, ops = ops[0], ops[1:]
+                window.append(reduce_scatter)
 
             # Check for invalid combinations
             if reduce_scatter is None:
@@ -666,11 +654,8 @@ def fuse_userbuffers_backward_linear(
                 bias=bias,
                 reduce_scatter=reduce_scatter,
             )
-        basic_op_idxs = [basic_op_idxs[0] for _, basic_op_idxs in window]
-        window = [(op, basic_op_idxs)]
+            window = [op]
 
         # Return list of ops
-    out_reversed.extend(reversed(window))
-    out = out_reversed
-    out.reverse()
+        out.extend(window)
         return out

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fused/userbuffers_forward_linear.py

@@ -369,21 +369,21 @@ class UserbuffersForwardLinear(FusedOperation):
 
         return output, [() for _ in range(len(self.basic_ops))]
 
-
-def fuse_userbuffers_forward_linear(
-    ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
-) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-    """Substitute linear operations with Userbuffers implementation
+    @staticmethod
+    def fuse_forward_ops(
+        ops: list[FusibleOperation],
+        **unused,  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+    ) -> list[FusibleOperation]:
+        """Apply operation fusion for forward pass.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-    ops : list of tuples
-        Forward pass operations and the indices of the corresponding
-        basic operations.
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
+            Forward pass operations.
 
         Returns
         -------
-    ops : list of tuples
+        ops : list of FusibleOperation
             Updated forward pass operations
 
         """
@@ -392,46 +392,33 @@ def fuse_userbuffers_forward_linear(
         if not torch.distributed.is_initialized() or torch.distributed.get_world_size() == 1:
             return ops
 
-    # Sliding window in list of ops
-    window = []
-
-    def peek_next_op() -> Optional[FusibleOperation]:
-        """Get next op in list of ops"""
-        nonlocal ops
-        if not ops:
-            return None
-        return ops[0][0]
-
-    def pop_next_op() -> FusibleOperation:
-        """Remove next op from list of ops and add to sliding window"""
-        nonlocal ops, window
-        window.append(ops[0])
-        ops = ops[1:]
-        return window[-1][0]
-
         # Scan through ops, fusing if possible
         out = []
+        window = []
         while ops:
+
+            # Shift window
             out.extend(window)
-        window.clear()
+            window, ops = ops[:1], ops[1:]
 
-        # Check if next op is linear
-        next_op = pop_next_op()
-        if not isinstance(next_op, BasicLinear):
+            # Check if first op is linear
+            if not isinstance(window[0], BasicLinear):
                 continue
-        linear = next_op
+            linear = window[0]
             if linear._userbuffers_options is None:
                 continue
 
             # Check if next op is bias
             bias = None
-        if linear.tensor_parallel_mode != "row" and isinstance(peek_next_op(), Bias):
-            bias = pop_next_op()
+            if linear.tensor_parallel_mode != "row" and ops and isinstance(ops[0], Bias):
+                bias, ops = ops[0], ops[1:]
+                window.append(bias)
 
             # Check if next op is reduce-scatter
             reduce_scatter = None
-        if linear.tensor_parallel_mode is None and isinstance(peek_next_op(), ReduceScatter):
-            reduce_scatter = pop_next_op()
+            if linear.tensor_parallel_mode is None and ops and isinstance(ops[0], ReduceScatter):
+                reduce_scatter, ops = ops[0], ops[1:]
+                window.append(reduce_scatter)
 
             # Check for invalid combinations
             if reduce_scatter is None:
@@ -453,8 +440,7 @@ def fuse_userbuffers_forward_linear(
                 bias=bias,
                 reduce_scatter=reduce_scatter,
             )
-        basic_op_idxs = [basic_op_idxs[0] for _, basic_op_idxs in window]
-        window = [(op, basic_op_idxs)]
+            window = [op]
 
         # Return list of ops
         out.extend(window)

transformer_engine/pytorch/ops/fuser.py

@@ -5,33 +5,20 @@
 """Manager class for a pipeline of fusible operations."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
-from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Sequence
 import itertools
+from typing import Any, Optional, TypeAlias
 
 import torch
 
-from transformer_engine.pytorch.quantization import FP8GlobalStateManager, Recipe, DelayedScaling
-from transformer_engine.pytorch.ops.op import (
+from ..quantization import FP8GlobalStateManager, Recipe, DelayedScaling
+from ..quantized_tensor import prepare_for_saving, restore_from_saved
+from .op import (
     BasicOperation,
     FusibleOperation,
+    FusedOperation,
     OperationContext,
 )
-from transformer_engine.pytorch.ops.fused import (
-    fuse_backward_activation_bias,
-    fuse_backward_add_rmsnorm,
-    fuse_backward_linear_add,
-    fuse_backward_linear_scale,
-    fuse_forward_linear_bias_activation,
-    fuse_forward_linear_bias_add,
-    fuse_forward_linear_scale_add,
-    fuse_userbuffers_backward_linear,
-    fuse_userbuffers_forward_linear,
-)
-from transformer_engine.pytorch.quantized_tensor import (
-    prepare_for_saving,
-    restore_from_saved,
-)
 
 
 def _split_tuple(t: tuple, idx: int) -> tuple[tuple, tuple]:
@@ -57,6 +44,12 @@ def _is_graph_capturing() -> bool:
     return _is_graph_capturing_function()
 
 
+# Type alias for a function that may perform operation fusion
+OperationFusionFunction: TypeAlias = (
+    "Callable[tuple[list[FusibleOperation], ...], list[FusibleOperation]]"
+)
+
+
 class _OperationFuserAutogradFunction(torch.autograd.Function):
     """Autograd function for a pipeline of operations
 
@@ -241,7 +234,7 @@ class _OperationFuserAutogradFunction(torch.autograd.Function):
         dx = grad_output
         grad_params = [None for _ in range(len(basic_ops))]
         grad_extra_inputs = [None for _ in range(len(basic_ops))]
-        for op, basic_op_idxs in backward_ops:
+        for op, basic_op_idxs in reversed(backward_ops):
 
             # Stop if no more gradients are required
             if all(not basic_op_ctxs[idx].requires_grad for idx in basic_op_idxs):
@@ -315,6 +308,10 @@ class OperationFuser:
 
     """
 
+    # Functions to perform operation fusion
+    forward_fusion_functions: list[OperationFusionFunction] = []
+    backward_fusion_functions: list[OperationFusionFunction] = []
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         ops: list[FusibleOperation],
@@ -334,7 +331,7 @@ class OperationFuser:
         self._basic_op_num_extra_inputs: list[int] = list(op.num_extra_inputs for op in basic_ops)
         self.num_extra_inputs: int = sum(self._basic_op_num_extra_inputs)
 
-        # Ops for forward and backward pass, will be populated in fuse_ops
+        # Ops for forward and backward pass, will be populated in maybe_fuse_ops
         self._forward_ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]
         self._backward_ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]
 
@@ -349,31 +346,48 @@ class OperationFuser:
         self._flat_basic_op_params = sum(self._basic_op_params, [])
 
     @classmethod
-    def _fuse_forward_ops(
-        cls,
-        ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
-        recipe: Optional[Recipe],  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
-    ) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-        """Attempt to fuse operations in forward pass"""
-        ops = fuse_userbuffers_forward_linear(ops)
-        ops = fuse_forward_linear_bias_add(ops)
-        ops = fuse_forward_linear_bias_activation(ops)
-        ops = fuse_forward_linear_scale_add(ops)
-        return ops
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _fuse_backward_ops(
+    def _fuse_ops(
         cls,
-        ops: list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]],
+        basic_ops: Sequence[BasicOperation],
+        fusion_funcs: Iterable[OperationFusionFunction],
         recipe: Optional[Recipe],
     ) -> list[tuple[FusibleOperation, list[int]]]:
-        """Attempt to fuse operations in backward pass"""
-        ops = fuse_userbuffers_backward_linear(ops)
-        ops = fuse_backward_linear_add(ops)
-        ops = fuse_backward_linear_scale(ops)
-        ops = fuse_backward_activation_bias(ops, recipe)
-        ops = fuse_backward_add_rmsnorm(ops)
-        return ops
+        """Apply operation fusions"""
+
+        # Apply op fusions
+        fused_ops = list(basic_ops)
+        for func in fusion_funcs:
+            fused_ops = func(fused_ops, recipe=recipe)
+
+        def raise_mismatch_error() -> None:
+            """Throw error indicating invalid op fusion"""
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Found mismatch after fusing operations "
+                f"(basic_ops={[o.__class__.__name__ for o in basic_ops]}, "
+                f"fused_ops={[o.__class__.__name__ for o in fused_ops]})"
+            )
+
+        # Determine basic op indices corresponding to each op
+        out = []
+        idx = 0
+        for op in fused_ops:
+            if isinstance(op, FusedOperation):
+                idxs = []
+                for basic_op in op.basic_ops:
+                    if basic_op is not basic_ops[idx]:
+                        raise_mismatch_error()
+                    idxs.append(idx)
+                    idx += 1
+                out.append((op, idxs))
+            else:
+                if op is not basic_ops[idx]:
+                    raise_mismatch_error()
+                out.append((op, [idx]))
+                idx += 1
+        if idx != len(basic_ops):
+            raise_mismatch_error()
+
+        return out
 
     def maybe_fuse_ops(
         self,
@@ -424,12 +438,16 @@ class OperationFuser:
                 op.pre_first_fuser_forward()
 
         # Prepare basic op lists for fusions
-        forward_ops = [(op, [idx]) for idx, op in enumerate(self._basic_ops)]
-        backward_ops = list(reversed(forward_ops[first_op_requiring_backward:]))
-
-        # Fuse ops
-        self._forward_ops = self._fuse_forward_ops(forward_ops, recipe)
-        self._backward_ops = self._fuse_backward_ops(backward_ops, recipe)
+        self._forward_ops = OperationFuser._fuse_ops(
+            self._basic_ops,
+            OperationFuser.forward_fusion_functions,
+            recipe=recipe,
+        )
+        self._backward_ops = OperationFuser._fuse_ops(
+            self._basic_ops,
+            OperationFuser.backward_fusion_functions,
+            recipe=recipe,
+        )
 
         # Save current fusion params
         self.recipe_type, self.first_op_requiring_backward = fusion_params
@@ -491,3 +509,55 @@ class OperationFuser:
             *extra_inputs,
         )
         return forward_func(*args)
+
+
+def register_forward_fusion(
+    op_fusion_func: OperationFusionFunction,
+    prepend: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Register function to perform operation fusion for forward pass.
+
+    The fusion function should have the following signature:
+
+        func(ops, *, recipe) -> updated ops
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    op_fusion_func: function
+        Function that takes a list of operations and may substitute
+        them with fused operations.
+    prepend: bool, default = ``False``
+        Whether the operation fuser should apply this fusion function
+        first. The default is to apply it last.
+
+    """
+    if prepend:
+        OperationFuser.forward_fusion_functions.insert(0, op_fusion_func)
+    else:
+        OperationFuser.forward_fusion_functions.append(op_fusion_func)
+
+
+def register_backward_fusion(
+    op_fusion_func: OperationFusionFunction,
+    prepend: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Register function to perform operation fusion for backward pass.
+
+    The fusion function should have the following signature:
+
+        func(ops, *, recipe) -> updated ops
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    op_fusion_func: function
+        Function that takes a list of operations and may substitute
+        them with fused operations.
+    prepend: bool, default = ``False``
+        Whether the operation fuser should apply this fusion function
+        first. The default is to apply it last.
+
+    """
+    if prepend:
+        OperationFuser.backward_fusion_functions.insert(0, op_fusion_func)
+    else:
+        OperationFuser.backward_fusion_functions.append(op_fusion_func)