[Core][PyTorch] NVFP4 recipe (#2177)

* Add NVFP4 recipe
Signed-off-by: Kirthi Shankar Sivamani <ksivamani@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Frank Sun <frsun@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Oleg Goncharov <ogoncharov@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Zhongbo Zhu <zhongboz@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Evgeny Tsykunov <etsykunov@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Teddy Do <tdophung@nvidia.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Add MathDx dependency to GitHub builds
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Suggestions from GitHub Copilot
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Move 2x shape logic from core to PyTorch
Signed-off-by: Kirthi Shankar Sivamani <ksivamani@nvidia.com>

* Fix compilation errors with CUDA 12.1
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

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* SM 70 is not supported in CUDA 13
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <4406448+timmoon10@users.noreply.github.com>

* Typo
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <4406448+timmoon10@users.noreply.github.com>

* Revert "Move 2x shape logic from core to PyTorch"

This reverts commit f8b2a2d0111d9af690b43bb98ae448d9a430a185.
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Added dequantize kernel for FP4
Signed-off-by: Przemek Tredak <ptredak@nvidia.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Fix linter warning
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Add NVFP4 support with fusible ops

Use logical tensor dims for PyTorch NVFP4 tensors. Temporarily add unfused dequantize impl. Fix bug where NVFP4 recipe was not configurable.
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Fix logic for 2x shapes and move to PyTorch
Signed-off-by: Kirthi Shankar Sivamani <ksivamani@nvidia.com>

* Fix CG test model config
Signed-off-by: Kirthi Shankar Sivamani <ksivamani@nvidia.com>

* Debug NVFP4 tensor size function
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Proper handling of the RNG state
Signed-off-by: Przemek Tredak <ptredak@nvidia.com>

* Test SR properly
Signed-off-by: Przemek Tredak <ptredak@nvidia.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Fix workspace size for GEMM heuristic.
Signed-off-by: Kirthi Shankar Sivamani <ksivamani@nvidia.com>

* Fix compile error in C++ NVFP4 test

Some some numeric errors when blocks are all zero.
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* fix distrbuted test problem shape
Signed-off-by: zhongboz <zhongboz@nvidia.com>

* proper assert dim for low precision AG TP
Signed-off-by: zhongboz <zhongboz@nvidia.com>

* clean up duplicated code in nvfp4_utils.cuh
Signed-off-by: zhongboz <zhongboz@nvidia.com>

* lint
Signed-off-by: zhongboz <zhongboz@nvidia.com>

* pylint: disable=unused-argument
Signed-off-by: zhongboz <zhongboz@nvidia.com>

* `nvte_cublas_gemm_v2` to take alpha pointer (#12)

* make nvte_cublas_gemm_v2 to take alpha/beta pointers
Signed-off-by: Phuong Nguyen <phuonguyen@nvidia.com>

* users are expected to pass a valid C_tensor
Signed-off-by: Phuong Nguyen <phuonguyen@nvidia.com>

* typos
Signed-off-by: Phuong Nguyen <phuonguyen@nvidia.com>

* API to have const float* alpha
Signed-off-by: Phuong Nguyen <phuonguyen@nvidia.com>

* Minor tweaks

Support arbitrary beta scales. Increase workspace to be aligned to 128 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Debug IMA with alpha pointer
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

---------
Signed-off-by: Phuong Nguyen <phuonguyen@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Support fused amax kernels with NVFP4 quantization
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Disable fused amax with cuDNN LayerNorm kernel
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Add NVFP4 cases to distributed tests for TE ops
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Change assert to NVTE_CHECK in the hadamard cast fusion
Signed-off-by: Przemek Tredak <ptredak@nvidia.com>

* Fix compile error
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* Use global thread IDs for Philox subsequences
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Add shape checks for NVFP4 cast kernels
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Do not fuse amax if cuDNN normalization is forced by envvar
Signed-off-by: Przemek Tredak <ptredak@nvidia.com>

---------
Signed-off-by: Kirthi Shankar Sivamani <ksivamani@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Moon <4406448+timmoon10@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Przemek Tredak <ptredak@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: zhongboz <zhongboz@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Phuong Nguyen <phuonguyen@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Frank Sun <frsun@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Oleg Goncharov <ogoncharov@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Zhongbo Zhu <zhongboz@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Evgeny Tsykunov <etsykunov@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Tim Moon <tmoon@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Teddy Do <tdophung@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tim Moon <4406448+timmoon10@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Przemek Tredak <ptredak@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Phuong Nguyen <phuonguyen@nvidia.com>

transformer_engine/common/util/pybind_helper.h

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
       .value("kFloat16", transformer_engine::DType::kFloat16)                                      \
       .value("kBFloat16", transformer_engine::DType::kBFloat16)                                    \
       .value("kFloat8E4M3", transformer_engine::DType::kFloat8E4M3)                                \
-      .value("kFloat8E5M2", transformer_engine::DType::kFloat8E5M2);                               \
+      .value("kFloat8E5M2", transformer_engine::DType::kFloat8E5M2)                                \
+      .value("kFloat4E2M1", transformer_engine::DType::kFloat4E2M1);                               \
   pybind11::enum_<NVTE_Bias_Type>(m, "NVTE_Bias_Type", pybind11::module_local())                   \
       .value("NVTE_NO_BIAS", NVTE_Bias_Type::NVTE_NO_BIAS)                                         \
       .value("NVTE_PRE_SCALE_BIAS", NVTE_Bias_Type::NVTE_PRE_SCALE_BIAS)                           \